Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Łódź
Wydawn. Inicjał 3
2006
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Monografie Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
5 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Early medieval skeletal cemeteries in northern Masovia |
| Beschreibung: | 321 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 8389801264 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu |c Tomasz Kordala |
| 264 | 1 | |a Łódź |b Wydawn. Inicjał 3 |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a 321 S. |b Ill., Kt. | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Monografie Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego |v 5 | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Early medieval skeletal cemeteries in northern Masovia | ||
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015624340&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136483041312768 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis
Tresei:
I.
WSTĘP
............................................................................................. 7
1.
Cel pracy, zakres terytorialny i chronologiczny
................................. 7
2.
Historia badań archeologicznych
..................................................... 10
3.
Ogólna charakterystyka źródeł
........................................................ 17
II.
TŁO GEOGRAFICZNE I HISTORYCZNE PÓŁNOCNEGO MAZOWSZA
.... 25
1.
Środowisko geograficzne
................................................................. 25
2.
Zarys dziejów wczesnośredniowiecznego Mazowsza
........................... 27
III. KATALOG CMENTARZYSK
............................................................... 35
IV.
ANALIZA ŹRÓDEŁ ARCHEOLOGICZNYCH
........................................ 89
1.
Obrządek pogrzebowy na Mazowszu w starszych fazach
wczesnego średniowiecza
................................................................ 89
2.
Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym
Mazowszu
...................................................................................... 91
2.1.
Charakterystyka cmentarzysk
.¡
............................................... 91
2.1.1.
Typy nekropoli
.................................................................. 91
2.1.2.
Wielkość i rozplanowanie cmentarzysk
............................... 95
2.1.3.
Lokalizacja i kontekst osadniczy cmentarzysk
..................... 100
2.2.
Groby i inne obiekty obecne na cmentarzyskach
....................... 113
2.2.1.
Budowa grobów szkieletowych
............................................ 113
2.2.2.
Ułożenie zmarłych w grobach
............................................. 117
2.2.3.
Groby ciałopalne na cmentarzyskach szkieletowych
............ 125
2.2.4.
Niegrobowe obiekty sepulkralne
......................................... 126
2.3.
Inwentarze grobowe
................................................................. 127
2.3.1.
Broń i elementy oporządzenia jeździeckiego
........................ 138
2.3.2.
Ozdoby i części stroju
....................................................... 152
2.3.3.
Narzędzia i przedmioty gospodarcze
................................... 174
2.3.4.
Monety
............................................................................ 202
2.3.5.
Przedmioty kultu religijnego, symboliczne i magiczne
......... 203
2.3.6.
Szczątki organiczne
........................................................... 205
2.3.7.
Zabytki ze starszych epok
.................................................. 206
2.4.
Podstawy chronologii cmentarzysk szkieletowych na
północnym Mazowszu
.............................................................. 208
V.
INTERPRETACJA SPOŁECZNO-KULTUROWA
..............................
i
...... 217
1.
Zróżnicowanie majątkowe i społeczne
.............................................. 217
2.
Kondycja fizyczna i zdrowotna populacji północnego Mazowsza
......... 222
3.
Elementy kultury duchowej
............................................................ 224
VI.
WCZESNOŚREDNIOWIECZNE CMENTARZYSKA SZKIELETOWE
PÓŁNOCNEGO MAZOWSZA NA TLE PORÓWNAWCZYM.
ZAGADNIENIE CMENTARZYSK Z GROBAMI W OBUDOWACH
KAMIENNYCH
................................................................................. 231
VII.PODSUMOWANIE
............................................................................ 251
EARLY MEDIEVAL SKELETAL CEMETERIES IN NORTHERN MASOVIA.
Summary
............................................................................................. 255
BIBLIOGRAFIA
..................................................................................... 259
RYCINY................................................................................................
291
EARLY MEDIEVAL SKELETAL CEMETERIES
IN NORTHERN MASOVIA
Summary
The aim of the dissertation is an analysis of sepulchral sources from earlier
phases of the early Middle Ages, obtained on the area of northern (Old)
Masovia, i. e. between the Vistula,
Narew, Orzyc
and
Skrwa Prawa
rivers.
On the area of about
9400
square km,
120
skeletal cemeteries from the
11*-
13th
centuries have been discovered. Among them, outside-church
nécropoles
dominate;
113
examples of them are known. Only
7
cemeteries spatially connected with
centres of Christian cult, from which as many as
б
have been registered in
Płock.
Applying a criterion of degree of archaeological recognition, the sites can be divided
into three groups: Cemeteries under professional archaeological excavations
(22
outside-church
nécropoles
+
б
adjacent to a church ones); Cemeteries under
amateur excavations
(27
outside-church
nécropoles);
Cemeteries known from
accidental grave discoveries and registered during surface surveys
(64
outside-
church
nécropoles
+ 1
adjacent to a church one). Totally, from among analysed
sites, over
800
unquestionable grave complexes have been registered.
The most developed part of the paper is an analysis of archeological sources.
They have been divided into three basic types of monuments:
nécropoles,
graves
and other sepulchral objects, and grave inventories.
Characteristics of skeletal cemeteries covered the following issues: types of
nécropoles,
their size and arrangement, physiographical and settlement context of
the
nécropoles.
Applying a criterion of the localisation of the investigated sites in relation to
churches, two essential types of cemeteries have been distinguished: adjacent to a
church
-
situated inside temples and in their immediate neighbourhood, and
outside-church ones, i. e. these that do not have spatial connection with churches.
In earlier phases of the early Middle Ages, definitely more numerous cemeteries
were outside-church cemeteries. Owing to the excavation method, it is known that
they formally formed inhomogeneous group of
nécropoles.
The presence or lack of
stone grave construction seems to be the most obvious differentiation factor.
Therefore, the type of outside-church
nécropoles
has been divided into two types:
cemeteries with graves surrounded with stones and cemeteries with graves without
stone surrounding. Explanation of the reasons of existence of different traditions in
256________________
Wczesnosredniowieczne
cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu
burial
place
construction was one of the main aims of the present paper.
Analysis of settlement context of the outside-church
nécropoles
leads to
interesting conclusions. The most important statements are: lack of cemeteries
with graves surrounded with stones in the neighbourhood of
Płock
and other
important strongholds, with contemporaneous presence of
nécropoles
without stone
constructions in these places; concentration of cemeteries with graves surrounded
with stones on the area of Masovia-Prussia borderland (concentration on the upper
Orzyc river) and on the areas of hardly perceptible settlement traditions in the tribal
period (concentrations on the
Mołtawa
and
Płonka
rivers); clearly visible tendency to
mutual avoidance between people using two different types of model of grave
construction
(nécropoles
with graves without stone constructions are found in
places where there are no cemeteries with constructions and opposite).
The most important element of the analysis of the graves was working out a
new technological division of burials surrounded with stones. It significantly differs
from
systématisation
suggested by
Lechosław
Rauhut over
30
years ago. Two types
of graves with covers were distinguished: stone pit grave (it could have had a form of
single or collective burial
-
probably family one) and stone chamber grave (with no
pit, only single).
Characteristics of grave inventories in quantity-quality and formal-typological
aspects has been discussed broadly. In the graves of northern Masovia totally over
2700
atrifacts, excluding sparse fragment of pottery and organic remains, have been
found. The number includes: about
1980
ornaments and parts of clothes, at least
576
tools and household objects, over
130
specimens of offensive weapon and
horse-riding equipment,
11
coins,
7
artifacts defined as symbols of religious cult or
objects of magical power.
The beginnings of skeletal burial ritual in Old Masovia can be dated to
с
the
middle of the
1
1th century. From the beginning of inhumation tradition, significant
differentiation of the way of grave construction which material attestation is
cemeteries with graves with or without stones was observed. Two development
phases of outside-church cemeteries have been distinguished. In the older phase,
lasting to the half of the 12th century, on cemeteries with graves surrounded with
stones, stone constructions in classical form and numerous objects connected with
armament have been registered. For both kinds of outside-church
nécropoles,
wealth of ornaments, especially those made of silver and semi-precious stones is
characteristic. In the younger phase, gradual decline of stone constructions is
accompanied by resignation from furnishing the dead with weapons, whereas grave
inventories are generally becoming less numerous.
In the presented dissertation many arguments recommending
non- Masovian
or broader non-Polish provenience of the type of necropolis with stone
constructions. The prerequisites concern: a grave form, objects of after-death
equipment and settlement context of the
nécropoles.
Moreover, the possibility of
confrontation of the archaeological data with information from written sources
concerning the history of Masovia in the
11*
century was used.
Before the half of the 12th century, characteristic of equipment of men buried
Summary
_________________________________________________________257
in stone tombs was a great amount of armour. On cemeteries on the upper Orzyc
river, the presence of military accessories has been registered in magnificent graves
with a characteristic feature of the equipment of men buried in stone graves was a
great number of armament things. On the cemeteries on the upper Orzyc, the
presence of military accessories was registered in magnificent graves with covers
and paving-stones; they were the oldest, so-called initial parts of
nécropoles.
In the
younger development phase of
nécropoles
(after the half of the 12th century), a
significant correlation of facts took place again. Namely, the gradual elimination of
stone constructions in graves was accompanied by resignation from giving armour
to the dead. These, surely not incidental convergences suggest that the beginnings
of the
nécropoles
with covered graves should be connected with the appearance of
groups of soldiering people in north Masovia.
The armament of those knights shows foreign ethnical connections, first of all
Scandinavian and Russian ones. As most meaningful examples, typical
Scandinavian axes with fan-shaped cutting edge, shaft-hole axes, swords of types
M, S
and
Z
according to J. Petersen should be mentioned
.
What is noteworthy is
the facts that those imports occur on the investigated area not in dispersion but in
assemblages both within particular cemeteries (sometimes even in the same graves)
and concentrations of
nécropoles.
They are so important components of north
Masovian grave assemblages that they, together with stone structures, give quite
original character to those assemblages. Also, stone grave form itself, although in
the sphere of definition of ethnic attribution less useful than components of
material culture, seems to show most analogies to burials of the Scandinavian
cultural circle (for instance from
Birka).
Anyway, in Poland it is obviously strange.
Cemeteries with graves surrounded by stones, as those in north Masovia, are
also observed in homogeneous concentration in
Podlasie.
Very significant is
distribution (settlement context) of
nécropoles
from
Podlasie.
Majority of these sites
are concentrated on the middle Bug river, in
Drohiczyn
region. In smaller amount,
they occur on the upper
Narew
river and between
Narew
and Nemunas rivers, in the
near Volkovysk and Grodno. A clear connection is seen between these cemeteries
and fortresses strengthening territorial conquests of Kiev
Russ
on the West, built
around the half and in the second half of the 11th century. Population using
characteristic stone surrounding of the graves was to fulfill important duties on won
by Kiev state areas on the Bug, Nemunas and
Narew
rivers. Probably the point was
protection of the won territories and enterprises of economic character.
Nécropoles
with graves surrounded by stone structures appeared in north Masovia
and
Podlasie
around the half of the
1
1th century as an indirect effect of new political
order on the middle Bug and middle Vistula rivers after Polish and Russian princes
defeat of a common enemy, usurpatory ruler of Masovia
-
Miecław. Podlasie
came to
the rule of Kiev
Russ,
instead Old Masovia returned to the Piasts monarchy. In both
cases an active role was played by Russian-Varangian warriors who left
characteristic graves surrounded by stone structures. To
Podlasie
they were brought
by Kievian prince
Jaroslav
the Clever who settled them in the vicinity of the
strongholds. Instead, to Masovia they came in virtue of bilaterally profitable
agreement between rulers of Poland and Russia. The Polish side expected their help
258___________________
Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu
with
establishment
power of the Piasts in newly regained province; the help was to
include both defence against outside attack and prevention from possible inside
disturbances. Whereas the Russian side got safety warrant on important, boisterous
part of the western border of its state.
Since the type of grave surrounded by stones was brought to Masovia by
ethnic strangers, burial without stone constructions must be connected with
autochthonous population. The burials are registered near
Płock
and other
strongholds in places distinctive because of the presence of settlement from the
tribal period and, at the same time clearly distant from concentrations of
nécropoles
with stone graves.
Translated by
Monika Rzepecka
|
| adam_txt |
Spis
Tresei:
I.
WSTĘP
. 7
1.
Cel pracy, zakres terytorialny i chronologiczny
. 7
2.
Historia badań archeologicznych
. 10
3.
Ogólna charakterystyka źródeł
. 17
II.
TŁO GEOGRAFICZNE I HISTORYCZNE PÓŁNOCNEGO MAZOWSZA
. 25
1.
Środowisko geograficzne
. 25
2.
Zarys dziejów wczesnośredniowiecznego Mazowsza
. 27
III. KATALOG CMENTARZYSK
. 35
IV.
ANALIZA ŹRÓDEŁ ARCHEOLOGICZNYCH
. 89
1.
Obrządek pogrzebowy na Mazowszu w starszych fazach
wczesnego średniowiecza
. 89
2.
Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym
Mazowszu
. 91
2.1.
Charakterystyka cmentarzysk
.¡
. 91
2.1.1.
Typy nekropoli
. 91
2.1.2.
Wielkość i rozplanowanie cmentarzysk
. 95
2.1.3.
Lokalizacja i kontekst osadniczy cmentarzysk
. 100
2.2.
Groby i inne obiekty obecne na cmentarzyskach
. 113
2.2.1.
Budowa grobów szkieletowych
. 113
2.2.2.
Ułożenie zmarłych w grobach
. 117
2.2.3.
Groby ciałopalne na cmentarzyskach szkieletowych
. 125
2.2.4.
Niegrobowe obiekty sepulkralne
. 126
2.3.
Inwentarze grobowe
. 127
2.3.1.
Broń i elementy oporządzenia jeździeckiego
. 138
2.3.2.
Ozdoby i części stroju
. 152
2.3.3.
Narzędzia i przedmioty gospodarcze
. 174
2.3.4.
Monety
. 202
2.3.5.
Przedmioty kultu religijnego, symboliczne i magiczne
. 203
2.3.6.
Szczątki organiczne
. 205
2.3.7.
Zabytki ze starszych epok
. 206
2.4.
Podstawy chronologii cmentarzysk szkieletowych na
północnym Mazowszu
. 208
V.
INTERPRETACJA SPOŁECZNO-KULTUROWA
.
i
. 217
1.
Zróżnicowanie majątkowe i społeczne
. 217
2.
Kondycja fizyczna i zdrowotna populacji północnego Mazowsza
. 222
3.
Elementy kultury duchowej
. 224
VI.
WCZESNOŚREDNIOWIECZNE CMENTARZYSKA SZKIELETOWE
PÓŁNOCNEGO MAZOWSZA NA TLE PORÓWNAWCZYM.
ZAGADNIENIE CMENTARZYSK Z GROBAMI W OBUDOWACH
KAMIENNYCH
. 231
VII.PODSUMOWANIE
. 251
EARLY MEDIEVAL SKELETAL CEMETERIES IN NORTHERN MASOVIA.
Summary
. 255
BIBLIOGRAFIA
. 259
RYCINY.
291
EARLY MEDIEVAL SKELETAL CEMETERIES
IN NORTHERN MASOVIA
Summary
The aim of the dissertation is an analysis of sepulchral sources from earlier
phases of the early Middle Ages, obtained on the area of northern (Old)
Masovia, i. e. between the Vistula,
Narew, Orzyc
and
Skrwa Prawa
rivers.
On the area of about
9400
square km,
120
skeletal cemeteries from the
11*-
13th
centuries have been discovered. Among them, outside-church
nécropoles
dominate;
113
examples of them are known. Only
7
cemeteries spatially connected with
centres of Christian cult, from which as many as
б
have been registered in
Płock.
Applying a criterion of degree of archaeological recognition, the sites can be divided
into three groups: Cemeteries under professional archaeological excavations
(22
outside-church
nécropoles
+
б
adjacent to a church ones); Cemeteries under
amateur excavations
(27
outside-church
nécropoles);
Cemeteries known from
accidental grave discoveries and registered during surface surveys
(64
outside-
church
nécropoles
+ 1
adjacent to a church one). Totally, from among analysed
sites, over
800
unquestionable grave complexes have been registered.
The most developed part of the paper is an analysis of archeological sources.
They have been divided into three basic types of monuments:
nécropoles,
graves
and other sepulchral objects, and grave inventories.
Characteristics of skeletal cemeteries covered the following issues: types of
nécropoles,
their size and arrangement, physiographical and settlement context of
the
nécropoles.
Applying a criterion of the localisation of the investigated sites in relation to
churches, two essential types of cemeteries have been distinguished: adjacent to a
church
-
situated inside temples and in their immediate neighbourhood, and
outside-church ones, i. e. these that do not have spatial connection with churches.
In earlier phases of the early Middle Ages, definitely more numerous cemeteries
were outside-church cemeteries. Owing to the excavation method, it is known that
they formally formed inhomogeneous group of
nécropoles.
The presence or lack of
stone grave construction seems to be the most obvious differentiation factor.
Therefore, the type of outside-church
nécropoles
has been divided into two types:
cemeteries with graves surrounded with stones and cemeteries with graves without
stone surrounding. Explanation of the reasons of existence of different traditions in
256_
Wczesnosredniowieczne
cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu
burial
place
construction was one of the main aims of the present paper.
Analysis of settlement context of the outside-church
nécropoles
leads to
interesting conclusions. The most important statements are: lack of cemeteries
with graves surrounded with stones in the neighbourhood of
Płock
and other
important strongholds, with contemporaneous presence of
nécropoles
without stone
constructions in these places; concentration of cemeteries with graves surrounded
with stones on the area of Masovia-Prussia borderland (concentration on the upper
Orzyc river) and on the areas of hardly perceptible settlement traditions in the tribal
period (concentrations on the
Mołtawa
and
Płonka
rivers); clearly visible tendency to
mutual "avoidance" between people using two different types of model of grave
construction
(nécropoles
with graves without stone constructions are found in
places where there are no cemeteries with constructions and opposite).
The most important element of the analysis of the graves was working out a
new technological division of burials surrounded with stones. It significantly differs
from
systématisation
suggested by
Lechosław
Rauhut over
30
years ago. Two types
of graves with covers were distinguished: stone pit grave (it could have had a form of
single or collective burial
-
probably family one) and stone chamber grave (with no
pit, only single).
Characteristics of grave inventories in quantity-quality and formal-typological
aspects has been discussed broadly. In the graves of northern Masovia totally over
2700
atrifacts, excluding sparse fragment of pottery and organic remains, have been
found. The number includes: about
1980
ornaments and parts of clothes, at least
576
tools and household objects, over
130
specimens of offensive weapon and
horse-riding equipment,
11
coins,
7
artifacts defined as symbols of religious cult or
objects of magical power.
The beginnings of skeletal burial ritual in Old Masovia can be dated to
с
the
middle of the
1
1th century. From the beginning of inhumation tradition, significant
differentiation of the way of grave construction which material attestation is
cemeteries with graves with or without stones was observed. Two development
phases of outside-church cemeteries have been distinguished. In the older phase,
lasting to the half of the 12th century, on cemeteries with graves surrounded with
stones, stone constructions in classical form and numerous objects connected with
armament have been registered. For both kinds of outside-church
nécropoles,
wealth of ornaments, especially those made of silver and semi-precious stones is
characteristic. In the younger phase, gradual decline of stone constructions is
accompanied by resignation from furnishing the dead with weapons, whereas grave
inventories are generally becoming less numerous.
In the presented dissertation many arguments recommending
non- Masovian
or broader non-Polish provenience of the type of necropolis with stone
constructions. The prerequisites concern: a grave form, objects of after-death
equipment and settlement context of the
nécropoles.
Moreover, the possibility of
confrontation of the archaeological data with information from written sources
concerning the history of Masovia in the
11*
century was used.
Before the half of the 12th century, characteristic of equipment of men buried
Summary
_257
in stone tombs was a great amount of armour. On cemeteries on the upper Orzyc
river, the presence of military accessories has been registered in magnificent graves
with a characteristic feature of the equipment of men buried in stone graves was a
great number of armament things. On the cemeteries on the upper Orzyc, the
presence of military accessories was registered in magnificent graves with covers
and paving-stones; they were the oldest, so-called initial parts of
nécropoles.
In the
younger development phase of
nécropoles
(after the half of the 12th century), a
significant correlation of facts took place again. Namely, the gradual elimination of
stone constructions in graves was accompanied by resignation from giving armour
to the dead. These, surely not incidental convergences suggest that the beginnings
of the
nécropoles
with covered graves should be connected with the appearance of
groups of soldiering people in north Masovia.
The armament of those knights shows foreign ethnical connections, first of all
Scandinavian and Russian ones. As most meaningful examples, typical
Scandinavian axes with fan-shaped cutting edge, shaft-hole axes, swords of types
M, S
and
Z
according to J. Petersen should be mentioned
.
What is noteworthy is
the facts that those "imports" occur on the investigated area not in dispersion but in
assemblages both within particular cemeteries (sometimes even in the same graves)
and concentrations of
nécropoles.
They are so important components of north
Masovian grave assemblages that they, together with stone structures, give quite
original character to those assemblages. Also, stone grave form itself, although in
the sphere of definition of ethnic attribution less useful than components of
material culture, seems to show most analogies to burials of the Scandinavian
cultural circle (for instance from
Birka).
Anyway, in Poland it is obviously strange.
Cemeteries with graves surrounded by stones, as those in north Masovia, are
also observed in homogeneous concentration in
Podlasie.
Very significant is
distribution (settlement context) of
nécropoles
from
Podlasie.
Majority of these sites
are concentrated on the middle Bug river, in
Drohiczyn
region. In smaller amount,
they occur on the upper
Narew
river and between
Narew
and Nemunas rivers, in the
near Volkovysk and Grodno. A clear connection is seen between these cemeteries
and fortresses strengthening territorial conquests of Kiev
Russ
on the West, built
around the half and in the second half of the 11th century. Population using
characteristic stone surrounding of the graves was to fulfill important duties on won
by Kiev state areas on the Bug, Nemunas and
Narew
rivers. Probably the point was
protection of the won territories and enterprises of economic character.
Nécropoles
with graves surrounded by stone structures appeared in north Masovia
and
Podlasie
around the half of the
1
1th century as an indirect effect of new political
order on the middle Bug and middle Vistula rivers after Polish and Russian princes
defeat of a common enemy, usurpatory ruler of Masovia
-
Miecław. Podlasie
came to
the rule of Kiev
Russ,
instead Old Masovia returned to the Piasts monarchy. In both
cases an active role was played by Russian-Varangian warriors who left
characteristic graves surrounded by stone structures. To
Podlasie
they were brought
by Kievian prince
Jaroslav
the Clever who settled them in the vicinity of the
strongholds. Instead, to Masovia they came in virtue of bilaterally profitable
agreement between rulers of Poland and Russia. The Polish side expected their help
258_
Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu
with
establishment
power of the Piasts in newly regained province; the help was to
include both defence against outside attack and prevention from possible inside
disturbances. Whereas the Russian side got safety warrant on important, boisterous
part of the western border of its state.
Since the type of grave surrounded by stones was brought to Masovia by
ethnic strangers, burial without stone constructions must be connected with
autochthonous population. The burials are registered near
Płock
and other
strongholds in places distinctive because of the presence of settlement from the
tribal period and, at the same time clearly distant from concentrations of
nécropoles
with stone graves.
Translated by
Monika Rzepecka |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Kordala, Tomasz 1958- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1152412949 |
| author_facet | Kordala, Tomasz 1958- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kordala, Tomasz 1958- |
| author_variant | t k tk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022415947 |
| classification_rvk | NF 1625 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)162467783 (DE-599)BVBBV022415947 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1000-1400 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1000-1400 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Masowien Nord (DE-588)4456691-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Masowien Nord |
| id | DE-604.BV022415947 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:23:57Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:57:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 8389801264 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015624340 |
| oclc_num | 162467783 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | 321 S. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Wydawn. Inicjał 3 |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Monografie Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego |
| series2 | Monografie Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego |
| spelling | Kordala, Tomasz 1958- Verfasser (DE-588)1152412949 aut Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu Tomasz Kordala Łódź Wydawn. Inicjał 3 2006 321 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monografie Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego 5 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Early medieval skeletal cemeteries in northern Masovia Geschichte 1000-1400 gnd rswk-swf Friedhof (DE-588)4018537-0 gnd rswk-swf Skelettfund (DE-588)4181634-1 gnd rswk-swf Masowien Nord (DE-588)4456691-8 gnd rswk-swf Masowien Nord (DE-588)4456691-8 g Friedhof (DE-588)4018537-0 s Skelettfund (DE-588)4181634-1 s Geschichte 1000-1400 z DE-604 Monografie Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego 5 (DE-604)BV021831886 5 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015624340&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015624340&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Kordala, Tomasz 1958- Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu Monografie Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego Friedhof (DE-588)4018537-0 gnd Skelettfund (DE-588)4181634-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4018537-0 (DE-588)4181634-1 (DE-588)4456691-8 |
| title | Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu |
| title_auth | Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu |
| title_exact_search | Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu |
| title_full | Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu Tomasz Kordala |
| title_fullStr | Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu Tomasz Kordala |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu Tomasz Kordala |
| title_short | Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na północnym Mazowszu |
| title_sort | wczesnosredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe na polnocnym mazowszu |
| topic | Friedhof (DE-588)4018537-0 gnd Skelettfund (DE-588)4181634-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Friedhof Skelettfund Masowien Nord |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015624340&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015624340&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV021831886 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kordalatomasz wczesnosredniowiecznecmentarzyskaszkieletowenapołnocnymmazowszu |