Property law: commentary and materials
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2005
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Law in context
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Publisher description Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XLVI, 729 S. |
| ISBN: | 0521614899 9780521614894 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Clarke, Alison |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Property law |b commentary and materials |c Alison Clarke and Paul Kohler |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Eigendomsrecht |2 gtt | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Propriété immobilière - Angleterre | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Propriété immobilière - Pays de Galles | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Real property |z England | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Real property |z Wales | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kohler, Paul |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE PAGE XVII
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIX
TABLE OF CASES XXII
TABLE OF STATUTES XXXV
TABLE OF STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS XLIV
TABLE OF TREATIES XLV
TABLE OF EC LEGISLATION XLVI
PART 1 THE CONCEPT OF PROPERTY 1
PROPERTY LAW: THE ISSUES 3
1.1 BASIC DEFINITION 3
1.2 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3
1.2.1 JOHN 4
1.2.2 DR A AND DR B AND THE ACQUISITION AND TRANSMISSION
OF PROPERTY INTERESTS 13
1.2.3 THE DRUGS COMPANY: CONSTRAINTS ON THE EXERCISE OF
PROPERTY RIGHTS 14
WHAT WE MEAN BY PROPERTY 17
2.1 INTRODUCTION 17
2.1.1 PROPERTY AS A RELATIONSHIP AND AS A THING 17
2.1.2 CONCEPTUALISING THINGS 18
2.1.3 DISTINGUISHING PROPERTY RIGHTS FROM OTHER RIGHTS
RELATING TO THINGS 18
2.1.4 RIGHTS AND OTHER ENTITLEMENTS: HOHFELD S RIGHTS ANALYSIS 19
2.1.5 HOHFELDIAN ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS 24
2.1.6 PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROPERTY INTERESTS AND OWNERSHIP 26
2.2 PRIVATE PROPERTY, COMMUNAL PROPERTY, STATE PROPERTY
AND NO PROPERTY 35
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION 35
2.2.2 DISTINGUISHING NO-PROPERTY, COMMUNAL PROPERTY,
STATE PROPERTY AND PRIVATE PROPERTY 36
VII
III CONTENTS
2.3 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PROPERTY RIGHTS 42
2.3.1 WHAT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS SEEKS TO ACHIEVE 42
2.3.2 KEY CONCEPTS IN THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PROPERTY
RIGHTS 45
2.4 THINGS AS THING AND THINGS AS WEALTH 50
2.4.1 FUNCTIONS OF THINGS 50
2.4.2 THE IDEA OF A FUND 51
2.4.3 THING VERSUS WEALTH 51
2.4.4 RELATED CONCEPTIONS 52
JUSTIFICATIONS FOR PROPERTY RIGHTS 59
3.1 INTRODUCTION: GENERAL AND SPECIFIC JUSTIFICATIONS 59
3.2 ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS 59
3.2.1 PROPERTY AND SCARCITY 59
3.2.2 VIABILITY OF SINGLE PROPERTY SYSTEMS 78
3.2.3 CRITERIA FOR MEASURING THE SUCCESS OF A PARTICULAR
FORM OF OWNERSHIP 80
3.3 JOHN LOCKE S JUSTIFICATION FOR PRIVATE PROPERTY 81
3.3.1 WHAT LOCKE WAS ATTEMPTING TO ESTABLISH 81
3.3.2 THE POLITICAL CONTEXT 82
3.3.3 THE PROBLEM OF CONSENT 83
3.3.4 LOCKE S JUSTIFICATION FOR ORIGINAL ACQUISITION 83
3.3.5 THE NATURE OF LOCKE S COMMONS 84
3.3.6 WHY MIXING LABOUR WITH A THING SHOULD GIVE RISE
TO ENTITLEMENT 84
3.3.7 THE SUFFICIENCY PROVISO 87
3.3.8 THE SPOLIATION PROVISO 89
3.3.9 THE THEOLOGICAL DIMENSION TO LOCKE S THEORY 90
3.3.10 PRESENT RELEVANCE OF LOCKE S THEORY 90
ALLOCATING PROPERLY RIGHTS 107
4.1 INTRODUCTION 107
4.2 THE FIRST OCCUPANCY RULE 10G
4.2.1 INTUITIVE ORDERING IQG
4.2.2 PRESERVATION OF PUBLIC ORDER 109
4.2.3 SIMPLICITY JJQ
4.2.4 SIGNALLING
110
42.5 THE BOND BETWEEN PERSON AND POSSESSIONS 111
4.2.6 THE LIBERTARIAN JUSTIFICATION HI
4.2.7 THE COMMUNITARIAN OBJECTION H2
4.2.8 ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY JJ2
4.3 NEW THINGS ,
2
2
4.4 CAPTURE
128
CONTENTS IX
4.5 COLONISATION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS 138
4.5.1 INTRODUCTION 138
4.5.2 THE MILIRRPUM DECISION AND THE DOCTRINE OF TERRA NULLIUS 140
4.5.3 MABO(NO. 2) 143
4.5.4 DEVELOPMENTS SINCE MABO (NO. 2) 150
PART 2 THE NATURE OF PROPRIETARY INTERESTS 153
PERSONAL AND PROPRIETARY INTERESTS 155
5.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF PROPRIETARY INTERESTS 155
5.1.1 GENERAL ENFORCEABILITY 155
5.1.2 IDENTIFIABILITY OF SUBJECT-MATTER 156
5.1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF ALIENABILITY 157
5.1.4 REQUIREMENT FOR CERTAINTY 159
5.1.5 THE NUMERUS CLAUSUS OF PROPERTY INTERESTS 159
5.1.6 VINDICATION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS 160
5.1.7 TERMINATION 161
5.1.8 PROPERTY RIGHTS AND INSOLVENCY 163
5.2 SPECIAL FEATURES OF COMMUNAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 167
5.2.1 PRESENT SCOPE OF COMMUNAL PROPERTY 167
5.3 ABORIGINAL LAND RIGHTS 173
5.3.1 NATURE OF NATIVE TITLE 173
5.3.2 ALIENABILITY 173
5.3.3 ABANDONMENT 174
5.3.4 VARIATION 174
5.3.5 EXTENT OF NATIVE TITLE 175
5.3.6 IS NATIVE TITLE PROPRIETARY? 175
OWNERSHIP 180
6.1 THE NATURE OF OWNERSHIP 180
6.1.1 THE BASIS OF OWNERSHIP 180
6.1.2 AN OUTLINE OF THE DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN
ANY CONSIDERATION OF OWNERSHIP 182
6.2 THE CONTENTS OF OWNERSHIP 192
6.2.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO HONORE S ANALYSIS 192
6.3 THE ROLES PLAYED BY OWNERSHIP 212
6.3.1 AS A LEGAL TERM OF ART 212
6.3.2 AS AN AMORPHOUS NOTION 216
6.4 THE LIMITATIONS OF OWNERSHIP 217
6.4.1 NUISANCE 217
6.5 RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS 250
POSSESSION 259
7.1 THE NATURE OF POSSESSION 259
7.1.1 INTRODUCTION 259
X CONTENTS
7.1.2 POSSESSION, OWNERSHIP AND PROPRIETARY INTERESTS 259
7.1.3 WHAT IS POSSESSION? 261
7.2 POSSESSION OF LAND 271
7.2.1 LEASES AND LICENCES 271
7.2.2 POSSESSION AND PARTICULAR USE RIGHTS 278
7.3 POSSESSION OF GOODS: BAILMENT 280
7.3.1 NATURE OF BAILMENT 280
7.3.2 RIGHTS, DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF BAILOR AND BAILEE 281
7.4 PROTECTION OF POSSESSION 282
7.4.1 PROTECTION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS BY PROTECTION OF POSSESSION 282
7.4.2 TORT AND THE PROTECTION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS 282
7.4.3 SELF-HELP REMEDIES 286
7.4.4 UNLAWFUL EVICTION AND HARASSMENT 291
7.4.5 TRESPASSING AND THE CRIMINAL LAW 292
FRAGMENTATION OF OWNERSHIP 297
8.1 INTRODUCTION 297
8.2 PRESENT AND FUTURE INTERESTS 297
8.2.1 INTERESTS IN POSSESSION, IN REVERSION AND IN REMAINDER 298
8.2.2 ABSOLUTE ENTITLEMENTS, CONTINGENT ENTITLEMENTS AND MERE
EXPECTANCIES 299
8.2.3 WHEN INTERESTS VEST 302
8.2.4 ALIENATION, MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL 303
8.2.5 INTERESTS OF CONTINGENT DURATION 304
8.2.6 REQUIREMENT OF CERTAINTY 306
8.2.7 SUCCESSIVE INTERESTS IN LAND AND THE DOCTRINE OF TENURES
AND ESTATES 307
8.2.8 RESTRICTIONS ON THE POWER TO CREATE FUTURE INTERESTS 311
8.3 LEGAL AND EQUITABLE INTERESTS 311
8.3.1 ORIGIN OF THE LEGAL/EQUITABLE DISTINCTION 311
8.3.2 LEGAL AND EQUITABLE INTERESTS NOW 312
8.3.3 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LEGAL/EQUITABLE DISTINCTION 313
8.3.4 THREE COMMON FALLACIES 313
8.4 FRAGMENTATION OF MANAGEMENT, CONTROL AND BENEFIT 320
8.4.1 CORPORATE PROPERTY HOLDING 320
8.4.2 MANAGERIAL PROPERTY HOLDING 332
8.5 GROUP OWNERSHIP 339
8.6 GENERAL AND PARTICULAR USE RIGHTS 342
RECOGNITION OF NEW PROPERTY INTERESTS 345
9.1 WHY ARE CERTAIN INTERESTS REGARDED AS PROPERTY? 345
9.1.1 THE FUNCTION OF PROPERTY 345
9.1.2 THE DANGER OF PROPERTY 346
9.1.3 THE REQUIREMENTS OF PROPERTY 347
CONTENTS XI
9.2 THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF PROPERTY 348
9.2.1 THE RECOGNITION AND LIMITS OF THE COVENANT AS A
PROPRIETARY INTEREST 349
9.2.2 THE RECOGNITION OF A PROPRIETARY RIGHT TO OCCUPY
THE MATRIMONIAL HOME 353
9.3 THE GENERAL RELUCTANCE TO RECOGNISE NEW PROPERTY RIGHTS 356
9.3.1 THE FACTS OF VICTORIA PARK RACING V. TAYLOR 356
9.3.2 THE VIEWS OF THE MAJORITY 357
9.3.3 THE VIEWS OF THE MINORITY 357
9.3.4 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CASE 358
9.4 A COMPARATIVE CONFIRMATION AND AN ECONOMIC CRITIQUE 368
9.5 THE FUTURE OF PROPERTY 371
9.5.1 THE NEW PROPERTY THESIS 373
9.5.2 THE EMERGENCE OF QUASI-PROPERTY 376
PART 3 THE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION OF PROPERTY INTERESTS 381
10 TITLE 383
10.1 WHAT WE MEAN BY TITLE 383
10.2 ACQUIRING TITLE: DERIVATIVE AND ORIGINAL ACQUISITION OF TITLE 384
10.2.1 DERIVATIVE ACQUISITION: DISPOSITION OR GRANT 384
10.2.2 ORIGINAL ACQUISITION 384
10.3 RELATIVITY OF TITLE 386
10.4 PROVING TITLE 387
10.4.1 ROLE OF REGISTRATION 388
10.4.2 POSSESSION AS A ROOT OF TITLE 389
10.4.3 PROVENANCE 390
10.4.4 EXTINGUISHING TITLE BY LIMITATION OF ACTION RULES 391
10.4.5 RELATIVITY OF TITLE AND THE INS TERTII 393
10.5 THE NEMO DAT RULE 393
10.5.1 SCOPE OF THE NEMO DAT RULE 394
10.5.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES APPLICABLE TO ALL PROPERTY 396
10.5.3 THE APPLICATION OF THE NEMO DAT RULE TO GOODS 397
10.5.4 THE APPLICATION OF THE NEMO DAT RULE TO MONEY 398
10.5.5 THE APPLICATION OF THE NEMO DAT RULE TO LAND 402
10.6 LEGAL AND EQUITABLE TITLE 403
11 ACQUIRING TITLE BY POSSESSION 406
11.1 INTRODUCTION 406
11.2 THE OPERATION OF ADVERSE POSSESSION ROLES 406
11.2.1 UNREGISTERED LAND 407
11.2.2 REGISTERED LAND 407
11.2.3 WHAT COUNTS AS ADVERSE* POSSESSION 407
11.2.4 EFFECT ON THIRD PARTY INTERESTS 409
XII CONTENTS
11.3 WHY ESTABLISHED POSSESSION SHOULD DEFEAT THE PAPER OWNER 410
11.4 ADVERSE POSSESSION AND REGISTRATION 412
11.5 GOOD FAITH AND THE ADVERSE POSSESSOR 413
11.6 GOODS 443
11.6.1 TAKING AND THEFT 444
11.6.2 PROTECTION OF TITLE BY TORT 444
11.6.3 THE LIMITATION ACT 1980 AND TITLE TO GOODS 444
11.6.4 FINDERS 445
12 TRANSFER AND GRANT 448
12.1 DERIVATIVE ACQUISITION 448
12.2 FORMALITIES 448
12.2.1 NATURE AND CONTENT OF FORMALITIES RALES 448
12.2.2 REGISTRATION AND ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS 451
12.2.3 VALIDITY AND ENFORCEABILITY AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 452
12.2.4 EFFECT OF COMPLIANCE ON PASSING OF TITLE 453
12.2.5 TRANSACTIONS EXCEPTED FROM FORMALITIES RULES 453
12.2.6 DEEDS AND PRESCRIBED FORMS 454
12.2.7 WHY HAVE FORMALITIES RULES 455
12.2.8 DISADVANTAGES 460
12.3 CONTRACTUAL RIGHTS TO PROPERTY INTERESTS 471
12.3.1 ESTATE CONTRACTS AND THE RULE IN WALSH V. LONSDALE 471
12.3.2 APPLICATION TO PROPERTY OTHER THAN LAND 472
12.3.3 THE FAILED FORMALITIES RULE 473
12.3.4 OPTIONS TO PURCHASE, RIGHTS OF PRE-EMPTION AND
RIGHTS OF FIRST REFUSAL 479
12.4 UNASCERTAINED PROPERTY 484
12.4.1 THE PROBLEM OF IDENTIFICATION 484
12.4.2 UNASCERTAINED GOODS 484
12.4.3 OTHER UNASCERTAINED PROPERTY 485
13 ACQUIRING INTERESTS BY OTHER METHODS 489
13.1 INTRODUCTION 489
13.2 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ADVERSE POSSESSION AND PRESCRIPTION 489
13.3 WHY LONG USE SHOULD GIVE RISE TO ENTITLEMENT 490
13.4 RATIONALE 492
13.4.1 ASCENDANCY OF THE PRESUMED GRANT RATIONALE 492
13.4.2 EFFECT OF THE REVOLTING FICTION 493
13.5 WHEN LONG USE GIVES RISE TO A PRESCRIPTIVE RIGHT 494
13.5.1 THE PROBLEM OF NEGATIVE USES 494
13.5.2 RIGHTS THAT CAN BE GRANTED BUT NOT ACQUIRED BY
PRESCRIPTION 495
13.6 USER AS OF RIGHT AND THE PROBLEM OF ACQUIESCENCE 497
13.7 THE FUTURE OF PRESCRIPTION 498
CONTENTS XIII
14 ENFORCEABILITY AND PRIORITY OF INTERESTS 512
14.1 RATIONALE OF ENFORCEABILITY AND PRIORITY RULES 512
14.2 ENFORCEABILITY AND PRIORITY RULES 513
14.2.1 THE BASIC RULES 513
14.2.2 IMPACT OF REGISTRATION 514
14.3 THE DOCTRINE OF NOTICE 515
14.3.1 NOTICE 516
14.3.2 GOOD FAITH 518
14.3.3 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DOCTRINE OF NOTICE AS AN
ENFORCEABILITY RULE 519
14.4 OVERREACHING 523
14.4.1 NATURE AND SCOPE OF OVERREACHING 523
14.4.2 OPERATION OF OVERREACHING 524
14.4.3 OVERREACHING THE INTERESTS OF OCCUPYING BENEFICIARIES 525
14.4.4 TRANSACTIONS CAPABLE OF OVERREACHING BENEFICIARIES
INTERESTS 527
14.4.5 THE TWO-TRUSTEES RULE 529
15 REGISTRATION 537
15.1 WHAT ARE REGISTRATION SYSTEMS FOR? 537
15.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENGLISH LAND REGISTRATION SYSTEM 539
15.2.1 PRIVACY 539
15.2.2 COMPREHENSIVENESS 539
15.2.3 BOUNDARIES 541
15.2.4 RESTRICTED CLASS OF REGISTRABLE INTERESTS 541
15.2.5 THE MIRROR, CURTAIN AND GUARANTEE PRINCIPLES 544
15.2.6 CONSEQUENCES OF NON-REGISTRATION 545
15.3 ENFORCEABILITY AND PRIORITY OF INTERESTS UNDER THE
LAND REGISTRATION ACT 2002 553
15.3.1 REGISTRABLE INTERESTS 553
15.3.2 ALL OTHER INTERESTS 554
15.4 OVERRIDING INTERESTS 554
15.4.1 JUSTIFICATIONS FOR OVERRIDING INTERESTS 554
15.4.2 PRINCIPLES TO BE APPLIED 555
15.4.3 OVERRIDING INTERESTS UNDER THE 2002 ACT 556
15.4.4 EASEMENTS AND PROFITS 557
15.4.5 INTERESTS OF PERSONS IN ACTUAL OCCUPATION: THE 1925 ACT 558
15.4.6 INTERESTS OF PERSONS IN ACTUAL OCCUPATION: THE 2002 ACT 562
15.4.7 COMPLEXITY 565
15.5 INDEMNITY 566
15.5.1 FUNCTION OF INDEMNITY 566
15.5.2 SHORTFALL IN THE PROVISION OF INDEMNITY 566
15.5.3 COST 567
XIV CONTENTS
PART 4 PROPRIETARY RELATIONSHIPS
16 CO-OWNERSHIP
16.1 INTRODUCTION
16.2 THE CLASSICAL APPROACH TO CO-OWNERSHIP: JOINT TENANCIES
AND TENANCIES IN COMMON
16.2.1 BASIC CONCEPTS
16.2.2 A COMPARISON OF JOINT TENANCIES AND TENANCIES IN
COMMON
16.2.3 USE OF CO-OWNED PROPERTY
16.2.4 SALE AND OTHER DISPOSITIONS OF CO-OWNED PROPERTY
16.3 OTHER FORMS OF CO-OWNERSHIP
16.3.1 COMMONHOLD
16.3.2 UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS
16.3.3 EXTENDING THE LIMITS OF CO-OWNERSHIP: PUBLIC TRUSTS
17 LEASES AND BAILMENT
17.1 INTRODUCTION
17.2 LEASES AND BAILMENTS COMPARED
17.2.1 CONSENSUALITY
17.2.2 CONTRACT
17.2.3 ENFORCEMENT
17.2.4 DURATION AND PURPOSE
17.2.5 BENEFICIAL USE
17.2.6 PROPRIETARY STATUS
17.2.7 INHERENT OBLIGATIONS OF THE POSSESSOR
17.3 LEASES
17.3.1 NATURE OF THE LEASE
17.3.2 ALIENABILITY
17.3.3 EFFECT OF ALIENATION ON ENFORCEABILITY
17.4 BAILMENT
17.4.1 ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF BAILMENT
17.4.2 CATEGORIES OF BAILMENT
17.4.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF BAILMENT
17.4.4 LIABILITIES OF THE BAILEE
17.4.5 IS BAILMENT PROPRIETARY?
18 SECURITY INTERESTS
18.1 THE NATURE AND FUNCTION OF SECURITY
18.1.1 NATURE OF SECURITY
18.1.2 FUNCTION
18.1.3 EFFICIENCY
18.1.4 USE OF SECURITY
569
571
571
572
572
576
591
596
599
599
599
605
609
609
609
609
610
610
611
611
612
612
613
613
640
645
648
648
649
650
651
653
657
657
657
658
661
662
18.2 FORMS OF SECURITY
18.2.1 PROPERTY TRANSFER SECURITIES: THE MORTGAGE
18.2.2 POSSESSORY SECURITIES: PLEDGE OR PAWN
18.2.3 HYPOTHECATIONS: THE CHARGE
18.2.4 LIENS
18.2.5 PROPERTY RETENTION SECURITIES
18.2.6 CHARGE BY WAY OF LEGAL MORTGAGE
18.3 CONTROL OVER THE TERMS OF THE RELATIONSHIP
18.3.1 EQUITABLE SUPERVISORY JURISDICTION
18.3.2 THE KREGLINGER PRINCIPLES
18.3.3 STATUTORY INTERVENTION
18.4 ENFORCEMENT OF SECURITY
18.4.1 REMEDIES
18.4.2 POSSESSION
18.4.3 SALE
18.4.4 DUTIES ON ENFORCEMENT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
CONTENTS XV
663
663
664
664
665
665
665
669
669
670
672
684
684
685
686
687
698
709
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
PREFACE PAGE XVII
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIX
TABLE OF CASES XXII
TABLE OF STATUTES XXXV
TABLE OF STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS XLIV
TABLE OF TREATIES XLV
TABLE OF EC LEGISLATION XLVI
PART 1 THE CONCEPT OF PROPERTY 1
PROPERTY LAW: THE ISSUES 3
1.1 BASIC DEFINITION 3
1.2 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3
1.2.1 JOHN 4
1.2.2 DR A AND DR B AND THE ACQUISITION AND TRANSMISSION
OF PROPERTY INTERESTS 13
1.2.3 THE DRUGS COMPANY: CONSTRAINTS ON THE EXERCISE OF
PROPERTY RIGHTS 14
WHAT WE MEAN BY 'PROPERTY' 17
2.1 INTRODUCTION 17
2.1.1 PROPERTY AS A RELATIONSHIP AND AS A THING 17
2.1.2 CONCEPTUALISING'THINGS' 18
2.1.3 DISTINGUISHING PROPERTY RIGHTS FROM OTHER RIGHTS
RELATING TO THINGS 18
2.1.4 RIGHTS AND OTHER ENTITLEMENTS: HOHFELD'S RIGHTS ANALYSIS 19
2.1.5 HOHFELDIAN ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS 24
2.1.6 PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROPERTY INTERESTS AND OWNERSHIP 26
2.2 PRIVATE PROPERTY, COMMUNAL PROPERTY, STATE PROPERTY
AND NO PROPERTY 35
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION 35
2.2.2 DISTINGUISHING NO-PROPERTY, COMMUNAL PROPERTY,
STATE PROPERTY AND PRIVATE PROPERTY 36
VII
III CONTENTS
2.3 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PROPERTY RIGHTS 42
2.3.1 WHAT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS SEEKS TO ACHIEVE 42
2.3.2 KEY CONCEPTS IN THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PROPERTY
RIGHTS 45
2.4 THINGS AS THING AND THINGS AS WEALTH 50
2.4.1 FUNCTIONS OF THINGS 50
2.4.2 THE IDEA OF A FUND 51
2.4.3 THING VERSUS WEALTH 51
2.4.4 RELATED CONCEPTIONS 52
JUSTIFICATIONS FOR PROPERTY RIGHTS 59
3.1 INTRODUCTION: GENERAL AND SPECIFIC JUSTIFICATIONS 59
3.2 ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS 59
3.2.1 PROPERTY AND SCARCITY 59
3.2.2 VIABILITY OF SINGLE PROPERTY SYSTEMS 78
3.2.3 CRITERIA FOR MEASURING THE SUCCESS OF A PARTICULAR
FORM OF OWNERSHIP 80
3.3 JOHN LOCKE'S JUSTIFICATION FOR PRIVATE PROPERTY 81
3.3.1 WHAT LOCKE WAS ATTEMPTING TO ESTABLISH 81
3.3.2 THE POLITICAL CONTEXT 82
3.3.3 THE PROBLEM OF CONSENT 83
3.3.4 LOCKE'S JUSTIFICATION FOR ORIGINAL ACQUISITION 83
3.3.5 THE NATURE OF LOCKE'S COMMONS 84
3.3.6 WHY MIXING LABOUR WITH A THING SHOULD GIVE RISE
TO ENTITLEMENT 84
3.3.7 THE SUFFICIENCY PROVISO 87
3.3.8 THE SPOLIATION PROVISO 89
3.3.9 THE THEOLOGICAL DIMENSION TO LOCKE'S THEORY 90
3.3.10 PRESENT RELEVANCE OF LOCKE'S THEORY 90
ALLOCATING PROPERLY RIGHTS 107
4.1 INTRODUCTION 107
4.2 THE FIRST OCCUPANCY RULE 10G
4.2.1 INTUITIVE ORDERING IQG
4.2.2 PRESERVATION OF PUBLIC ORDER 109
4.2.3 SIMPLICITY JJQ
4.2.4 SIGNALLING
110
42.5 THE BOND BETWEEN PERSON AND POSSESSIONS 111
4.2.6 THE LIBERTARIAN JUSTIFICATION HI
4.2.7 THE COMMUNITARIAN OBJECTION H2
4.2.8 ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY JJ2
4.3 NEW THINGS ,
2
2
4.4 CAPTURE
128
CONTENTS IX
4.5 COLONISATION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS 138
4.5.1 INTRODUCTION 138
4.5.2 THE MILIRRPUM DECISION AND THE DOCTRINE OF TERRA NULLIUS 140
4.5.3 MABO(NO. 2) 143
4.5.4 DEVELOPMENTS SINCE MABO (NO. 2) 150
PART 2 THE NATURE OF PROPRIETARY INTERESTS 153
PERSONAL AND PROPRIETARY INTERESTS 155
5.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF PROPRIETARY INTERESTS 155
5.1.1 GENERAL ENFORCEABILITY 155
5.1.2 IDENTIFIABILITY OF SUBJECT-MATTER 156
5.1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF ALIENABILITY 157
5.1.4 REQUIREMENT FOR CERTAINTY 159
5.1.5 THE NUMERUS CLAUSUS OF PROPERTY INTERESTS 159
5.1.6 VINDICATION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS 160
5.1.7 TERMINATION 161
5.1.8 PROPERTY RIGHTS AND INSOLVENCY 163
5.2 SPECIAL FEATURES OF COMMUNAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 167
5.2.1 PRESENT SCOPE OF COMMUNAL PROPERTY 167
5.3 ABORIGINAL LAND RIGHTS 173
5.3.1 NATURE OF NATIVE TITLE 173
5.3.2 ALIENABILITY 173
5.3.3 ABANDONMENT 174
5.3.4 VARIATION 174
5.3.5 EXTENT OF NATIVE TITLE 175
5.3.6 IS NATIVE TITLE PROPRIETARY? 175
OWNERSHIP 180
6.1 THE NATURE OF OWNERSHIP 180
6.1.1 THE BASIS OF OWNERSHIP 180
6.1.2 AN OUTLINE OF THE DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN
ANY CONSIDERATION OF OWNERSHIP 182
6.2 THE CONTENTS OF OWNERSHIP 192
6.2.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO HONORE'S ANALYSIS 192
6.3 THE ROLES PLAYED BY OWNERSHIP 212
6.3.1 AS A LEGAL TERM OF ART 212
6.3.2 AS AN AMORPHOUS NOTION 216
6.4 THE LIMITATIONS OF OWNERSHIP 217
6.4.1 NUISANCE 217
6.5 RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS 250
POSSESSION 259
7.1 THE NATURE OF POSSESSION 259
7.1.1 INTRODUCTION 259
X CONTENTS
7.1.2 POSSESSION, OWNERSHIP AND PROPRIETARY INTERESTS 259
7.1.3 WHAT IS POSSESSION? 261
7.2 POSSESSION OF LAND 271
7.2.1 LEASES AND LICENCES 271
7.2.2 POSSESSION AND PARTICULAR USE RIGHTS 278
7.3 POSSESSION OF GOODS: BAILMENT 280
7.3.1 NATURE OF BAILMENT 280
7.3.2 RIGHTS, DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF BAILOR AND BAILEE 281
7.4 PROTECTION OF POSSESSION 282
7.4.1 PROTECTION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS BY PROTECTION OF POSSESSION 282
7.4.2 TORT AND THE PROTECTION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS 282
7.4.3 SELF-HELP REMEDIES 286
7.4.4 UNLAWFUL EVICTION AND HARASSMENT 291
7.4.5 TRESPASSING AND THE CRIMINAL LAW 292
FRAGMENTATION OF OWNERSHIP 297
8.1 INTRODUCTION 297
8.2 PRESENT AND FUTURE INTERESTS 297
8.2.1 INTERESTS IN POSSESSION, IN REVERSION AND IN REMAINDER 298
8.2.2 ABSOLUTE ENTITLEMENTS, CONTINGENT ENTITLEMENTS AND MERE
EXPECTANCIES 299
8.2.3 WHEN INTERESTS VEST 302
8.2.4 ALIENATION, MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL 303
8.2.5 INTERESTS OF CONTINGENT DURATION 304
8.2.6 REQUIREMENT OF CERTAINTY 306
8.2.7 SUCCESSIVE INTERESTS IN LAND AND THE DOCTRINE OF TENURES
AND ESTATES 307
8.2.8 RESTRICTIONS ON THE POWER TO CREATE FUTURE INTERESTS 311
8.3 LEGAL AND EQUITABLE INTERESTS 311
8.3.1 ORIGIN OF THE LEGAL/EQUITABLE DISTINCTION 311
8.3.2 LEGAL AND EQUITABLE INTERESTS NOW 312
8.3.3 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LEGAL/EQUITABLE DISTINCTION 313
8.3.4 THREE COMMON FALLACIES 313
8.4 FRAGMENTATION OF MANAGEMENT, CONTROL AND BENEFIT 320
8.4.1 CORPORATE PROPERTY HOLDING 320
8.4.2 MANAGERIAL PROPERTY HOLDING 332
8.5 GROUP OWNERSHIP 339
8.6 GENERAL AND PARTICULAR USE RIGHTS 342
RECOGNITION OF NEW PROPERTY INTERESTS 345
9.1 WHY ARE CERTAIN INTERESTS REGARDED AS PROPERTY? 345
9.1.1 THE FUNCTION OF PROPERTY 345
9.1.2 THE DANGER OF PROPERTY 346
9.1.3 THE REQUIREMENTS OF PROPERTY 347
CONTENTS XI
9.2 THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF PROPERTY 348
9.2.1 THE RECOGNITION AND LIMITS OF THE COVENANT AS A
PROPRIETARY INTEREST 349
9.2.2 THE RECOGNITION OF A PROPRIETARY RIGHT TO OCCUPY
THE MATRIMONIAL HOME 353
9.3 THE GENERAL RELUCTANCE TO RECOGNISE NEW PROPERTY RIGHTS 356
9.3.1 THE FACTS OF VICTORIA PARK RACING V. TAYLOR 356
9.3.2 THE VIEWS OF THE MAJORITY 357
9.3.3 THE VIEWS OF THE MINORITY 357
9.3.4 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CASE 358
9.4 A COMPARATIVE CONFIRMATION AND AN ECONOMIC CRITIQUE 368
9.5 THE FUTURE OF PROPERTY 371
9.5.1 THE NEW PROPERTY THESIS 373
9.5.2 THE EMERGENCE OF QUASI-PROPERTY 376
PART 3 THE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION OF PROPERTY INTERESTS 381
10 TITLE 383
10.1 WHAT WE MEAN BY 'TITLE' 383
10.2 ACQUIRING TITLE: DERIVATIVE AND ORIGINAL ACQUISITION OF TITLE 384
10.2.1 DERIVATIVE ACQUISITION: DISPOSITION OR GRANT 384
10.2.2 ORIGINAL ACQUISITION 384
10.3 RELATIVITY OF TITLE 386
10.4 PROVING TITLE 387
10.4.1 ROLE OF REGISTRATION 388
10.4.2 POSSESSION AS A ROOT OF TITLE 389
10.4.3 PROVENANCE 390
10.4.4 EXTINGUISHING TITLE BY LIMITATION OF ACTION RULES 391
10.4.5 RELATIVITY OF TITLE AND THE INS TERTII 393
10.5 THE NEMO DAT RULE 393
10.5.1 SCOPE OF THE NEMO DAT RULE 394
10.5.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES APPLICABLE TO ALL PROPERTY 396
10.5.3 THE APPLICATION OF THE NEMO DAT RULE TO GOODS 397
10.5.4 THE APPLICATION OF THE NEMO DAT RULE TO MONEY 398
10.5.5 THE APPLICATION OF THE NEMO DAT RULE TO LAND 402
10.6 LEGAL AND EQUITABLE TITLE 403
11 ACQUIRING TITLE BY POSSESSION 406
11.1 INTRODUCTION 406
11.2 THE OPERATION OF ADVERSE POSSESSION ROLES 406
11.2.1 UNREGISTERED LAND 407
11.2.2 REGISTERED LAND 407
11.2.3 WHAT COUNTS AS'ADVERSE* POSSESSION 407
11.2.4 EFFECT ON THIRD PARTY INTERESTS 409
XII CONTENTS
11.3 WHY ESTABLISHED POSSESSION SHOULD DEFEAT THE PAPER OWNER 410
11.4 ADVERSE POSSESSION AND REGISTRATION 412
11.5 GOOD FAITH AND THE ADVERSE POSSESSOR 413
11.6 GOODS 443
11.6.1 TAKING AND THEFT 444
11.6.2 PROTECTION OF TITLE BY TORT 444
11.6.3 THE LIMITATION ACT 1980 AND TITLE TO GOODS 444
11.6.4 FINDERS 445
12 TRANSFER AND GRANT 448
12.1 DERIVATIVE ACQUISITION 448
12.2 FORMALITIES 448
12.2.1 NATURE AND CONTENT OF FORMALITIES RALES 448
12.2.2 REGISTRATION AND ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS 451
12.2.3 VALIDITY AND ENFORCEABILITY AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 452
12.2.4 EFFECT OF COMPLIANCE ON PASSING OF TITLE 453
12.2.5 TRANSACTIONS EXCEPTED FROM FORMALITIES RULES 453
12.2.6 DEEDS AND PRESCRIBED FORMS 454
12.2.7 WHY HAVE FORMALITIES RULES 455
12.2.8 DISADVANTAGES 460
12.3 CONTRACTUAL RIGHTS TO PROPERTY INTERESTS 471
12.3.1 ESTATE CONTRACTS AND THE RULE IN WALSH V. LONSDALE 471
12.3.2 APPLICATION TO PROPERTY OTHER THAN LAND 472
12.3.3 THE FAILED FORMALITIES RULE 473
12.3.4 OPTIONS TO PURCHASE, RIGHTS OF PRE-EMPTION AND
RIGHTS OF FIRST REFUSAL 479
12.4 UNASCERTAINED PROPERTY 484
12.4.1 THE PROBLEM OF IDENTIFICATION 484
12.4.2 UNASCERTAINED GOODS 484
12.4.3 OTHER UNASCERTAINED PROPERTY 485
13 ACQUIRING INTERESTS BY OTHER METHODS 489
13.1 INTRODUCTION 489
13.2 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ADVERSE POSSESSION AND PRESCRIPTION 489
13.3 WHY LONG USE SHOULD GIVE RISE TO ENTITLEMENT 490
13.4 RATIONALE 492
13.4.1 ASCENDANCY OF THE PRESUMED GRANT RATIONALE 492
13.4.2 EFFECT OF THE'REVOLTING FICTION' 493
13.5 WHEN LONG USE GIVES RISE TO A PRESCRIPTIVE RIGHT 494
13.5.1 THE PROBLEM OF NEGATIVE USES 494
13.5.2 RIGHTS THAT CAN BE GRANTED BUT NOT ACQUIRED BY
PRESCRIPTION 495
13.6 USER AS OF RIGHT AND THE PROBLEM OF ACQUIESCENCE 497
13.7 THE FUTURE OF PRESCRIPTION 498
CONTENTS XIII
14 ENFORCEABILITY AND PRIORITY OF INTERESTS 512
14.1 RATIONALE OF ENFORCEABILITY AND PRIORITY RULES 512
14.2 ENFORCEABILITY AND PRIORITY RULES 513
14.2.1 THE BASIC RULES 513
14.2.2 IMPACT OF REGISTRATION 514
14.3 THE DOCTRINE OF NOTICE 515
14.3.1 NOTICE 516
14.3.2 GOOD FAITH 518
14.3.3 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DOCTRINE OF NOTICE AS AN
ENFORCEABILITY RULE 519
14.4 OVERREACHING 523
14.4.1 NATURE AND SCOPE OF OVERREACHING 523
14.4.2 OPERATION OF OVERREACHING 524
14.4.3 OVERREACHING THE INTERESTS OF OCCUPYING BENEFICIARIES 525
14.4.4 TRANSACTIONS CAPABLE OF OVERREACHING BENEFICIARIES'
INTERESTS 527
14.4.5 THE TWO-TRUSTEES RULE 529
15 REGISTRATION 537
15.1 WHAT ARE REGISTRATION SYSTEMS FOR? 537
15.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENGLISH LAND REGISTRATION SYSTEM 539
15.2.1 PRIVACY 539
15.2.2 COMPREHENSIVENESS 539
15.2.3 BOUNDARIES 541
15.2.4 RESTRICTED CLASS OF REGISTRABLE INTERESTS 541
15.2.5 THE MIRROR, CURTAIN AND GUARANTEE PRINCIPLES 544
15.2.6 CONSEQUENCES OF NON-REGISTRATION 545
15.3 ENFORCEABILITY AND PRIORITY OF INTERESTS UNDER THE
LAND REGISTRATION ACT 2002 553
15.3.1 REGISTRABLE INTERESTS 553
15.3.2 ALL OTHER INTERESTS 554
15.4 OVERRIDING INTERESTS 554
15.4.1 JUSTIFICATIONS FOR OVERRIDING INTERESTS 554
15.4.2 PRINCIPLES TO BE APPLIED 555
15.4.3 OVERRIDING INTERESTS UNDER THE 2002 ACT 556
15.4.4 EASEMENTS AND PROFITS 557
15.4.5 INTERESTS OF PERSONS IN ACTUAL OCCUPATION: THE 1925 ACT 558
15.4.6 INTERESTS OF PERSONS IN ACTUAL OCCUPATION: THE 2002 ACT 562
15.4.7 COMPLEXITY 565
15.5 INDEMNITY 566
15.5.1 FUNCTION OF INDEMNITY 566
15.5.2 SHORTFALL IN THE PROVISION OF INDEMNITY 566
15.5.3 COST 567
XIV CONTENTS
PART 4 PROPRIETARY RELATIONSHIPS
16 CO-OWNERSHIP
16.1 INTRODUCTION
16.2 THE CLASSICAL APPROACH TO CO-OWNERSHIP: JOINT TENANCIES
AND TENANCIES IN COMMON
16.2.1 BASIC CONCEPTS
16.2.2 A COMPARISON OF JOINT TENANCIES AND TENANCIES IN
COMMON
16.2.3 USE OF CO-OWNED PROPERTY
16.2.4 SALE AND OTHER DISPOSITIONS OF CO-OWNED PROPERTY
16.3 OTHER FORMS OF CO-OWNERSHIP
16.3.1 COMMONHOLD
16.3.2 UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS
16.3.3 EXTENDING THE LIMITS OF CO-OWNERSHIP: PUBLIC TRUSTS
17 LEASES AND BAILMENT
17.1 INTRODUCTION
17.2 LEASES AND BAILMENTS COMPARED
17.2.1 CONSENSUALITY
17.2.2 CONTRACT
17.2.3 ENFORCEMENT
17.2.4 DURATION AND PURPOSE
17.2.5 BENEFICIAL USE
17.2.6 PROPRIETARY STATUS
17.2.7 INHERENT OBLIGATIONS OF THE POSSESSOR
17.3 LEASES
17.3.1 NATURE OF THE LEASE
17.3.2 ALIENABILITY
17.3.3 EFFECT OF ALIENATION ON ENFORCEABILITY
17.4 BAILMENT
17.4.1 ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF BAILMENT
17.4.2 CATEGORIES OF BAILMENT
17.4.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF BAILMENT
17.4.4 LIABILITIES OF THE BAILEE
17.4.5 IS BAILMENT PROPRIETARY?
18 SECURITY INTERESTS
18.1 THE NATURE AND FUNCTION OF SECURITY
18.1.1 NATURE OF SECURITY
18.1.2 FUNCTION
18.1.3 EFFICIENCY
18.1.4 USE OF SECURITY
569
571
571
572
572
576
591
596
599
599
599
605
609
609
609
609
610
610
611
611
612
612
613
613
640
645
648
648
649
650
651
653
657
657
657
658
661
662
18.2 FORMS OF SECURITY
18.2.1 PROPERTY TRANSFER SECURITIES: THE MORTGAGE
18.2.2 POSSESSORY SECURITIES: PLEDGE OR PAWN
18.2.3 HYPOTHECATIONS: THE CHARGE
18.2.4 LIENS
18.2.5 PROPERTY RETENTION SECURITIES
18.2.6 CHARGE BY WAY OF LEGAL MORTGAGE
18.3 CONTROL OVER THE TERMS OF THE RELATIONSHIP
18.3.1 EQUITABLE SUPERVISORY JURISDICTION
18.3.2 THE KREGLINGER PRINCIPLES
18.3.3 STATUTORY INTERVENTION
18.4 ENFORCEMENT OF SECURITY
18.4.1 REMEDIES
18.4.2 POSSESSION
18.4.3 SALE
18.4.4 DUTIES ON ENFORCEMENT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
CONTENTS XV
663
663
664
664
665
665
665
669
669
670
672
684
684
685
686
687
698
709 |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:20:21Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:56:54Z |
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| spelling | Clarke, Alison Verfasser aut Property law commentary and materials Alison Clarke and Paul Kohler 1. publ. Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2005 XLVI, 729 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Law in context Bezit gtt Eigendom gtt Eigendomsrecht gtt Mede-eigendom gtt Propriété immobilière - Angleterre Propriété immobilière - Pays de Galles Real property England Real property Wales Kohler, Paul Sonstige oth http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0632/2006273020-d.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0632/2006273020-t.html Table of contents only SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015615211&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Clarke, Alison Property law commentary and materials Bezit gtt Eigendom gtt Eigendomsrecht gtt Mede-eigendom gtt Propriété immobilière - Angleterre Propriété immobilière - Pays de Galles Real property England Real property Wales |
| title | Property law commentary and materials |
| title_auth | Property law commentary and materials |
| title_exact_search | Property law commentary and materials |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Property law commentary and materials |
| title_full | Property law commentary and materials Alison Clarke and Paul Kohler |
| title_fullStr | Property law commentary and materials Alison Clarke and Paul Kohler |
| title_full_unstemmed | Property law commentary and materials Alison Clarke and Paul Kohler |
| title_short | Property law |
| title_sort | property law commentary and materials |
| title_sub | commentary and materials |
| topic | Bezit gtt Eigendom gtt Eigendomsrecht gtt Mede-eigendom gtt Propriété immobilière - Angleterre Propriété immobilière - Pays de Galles Real property England Real property Wales |
| topic_facet | Bezit Eigendom Eigendomsrecht Mede-eigendom Propriété immobilière - Angleterre Propriété immobilière - Pays de Galles Real property England Real property Wales |
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