Practical software estimation: function point methods for insourced and outsourced projects
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Upper Saddle River, NJ ; Munich [u.a.]
Addison-Wesley
2007
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Infosys press
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXXIV, 388 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780321439109 0321439104 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Practical software estimation |b function point methods for insourced and outsourced projects |c M. A. Parthasarathy |
| 264 | 1 | |a Upper Saddle River, NJ ; Munich [u.a.] |b Addison-Wesley |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XXXIV, 388 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136470246588416 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of Figures xvii
List of Tables xix
Foreword xxv
Preface xxvii
Acknowledgments xxxiii
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
What Is Software Estimation? 1
Ingredients of a Good Estimation 6
Activity Scope 6
Work Environment 6
Consistency 7
Usage of Tools 7
Learning from Past Experience 8
Software Project Estimation 8
Project Scope 9
Software Environment 10
Team Experience 11
Software Development Tools 11
Continuous Improvement Cycle 12
Why Software Estimation? 15
Metrics—Past, Present, and Future 16
Importance of Estimation 18
Estimation—Who and How 19
vii
viii Contents
Conclusion 21
References 22
Other Interesting Reading Material 23
Chapter 2: Role of Estimation in Software Proj ects 25
Software Projects and Estimation 25
Project Budget Approval Phase 26
Project Contract Phase 27
Project Execution Phase 28
Estimation and Measurement 31
Estimation and Measurement Complexities 32
Modularized Estimation 34
Case Study—Modularized Estimation 37
Large Application Systems 40
Heterogeneous Portfolio of Application Systems 41
Conclusion 42
References 43
Other Interesting Reading Material 43
Chapter 3: A Study of Function Point Analysis 45
Why Estimation? 45
What Is an Estimation Method? 46
Function Points 47
What Is a Function Point? 47
Function Point as a Measuring Yardstick 49
Uses and Benefits of Function Points 50
Function Point Analysis 51
FPA—Objectives 53
TheFPAModel 55
TheFPAProcess 57
Conclusion 70
References 72
Contents ix
Chapter 4: Data Functions 73
Introduction 73
Definition of Files 74
A Data File Example 74
Data Functions Defined by IFPUG 75
ILFs and EIFs 76
Embedded Terms 77
Rules for Identification of ILFs and EIFs 80
Determining Complexity of ILFs and EIFs 81
Complexity and FP Count Contributions 86
Tips to Remember 88
Conclusion 95
Identifying ILF/EIF: User View versus Developer View 95
References 96
Other Interesting Reading Material 96
Chapter 5: Transactional Functions 97
Introduction 97
Definition of Transactions 98
Albrecht s Definition of Transactions 100
Ingredients of a Transaction 100
Transactional Functions Defined by IFPUG 102
El, EO, and EQ 104
External Input 104
External Output 104
External Inquiry 104
Embedded Terms 105
Rules for Identification of El, EO, and EQ 107
Complexity and FP Count Contributions Ill
External Inputs Ill
External Outputs/External Inquiries 112
Step by Step FP Contribution Calculation Process 112
CRUD Transactions 115
x Contents
Invoice System—FP Counting Process 116
Conclusion 118
Identifying EI/EO/EQ—User View versus
Developer View 119
References 119
Other Interesting Reading Material 119
Chapter 6: General System Characteristics 121
Introduction 121
Functional and Non Functional Requirements 122
Functional Requirements 122
Non Functional Requirements 123
Introduction to General System Characteristics 123
Degree of Influence (DI) 125
Guidelines for General System Characteristics 125
GSC 1: Data Communications 126
CSC 2: Distributed Data Processing 126
CSC 3: Performance 127
CSC 4: Heavily Used Configuration 127
GSC 5: Transaction Rate 129
GSC 6: Online Data Entry 129
GSC 7: End User Efficiency 130
GSC 8: Online Update 131
GSC 9: Complex Processing 131
GSC 10: Reusability 132
GSC 11: Installation Ease 134
GSC 12: Operational Ease 134
GSC 13: Multiple Sites 135
GSC 14: Facilitate Change 135
GSC and NFR 137
Layers 139
Tiers 139
Quality of Service (QoS) 140
ISO/IEC14143 1: Definition of User Requirements 140
Contents xi
From the Dinosaur Era to the Jet Age 141
The Relationship among GSC, NFR,
and Technology Platform 143
Case Study 145
Conclusion 146
References 147
Other Interesting Reading Material 147
Chapter 7: Size, Effort, and Scheduling of Projects 149
Importance of Size 149
Key Inputs to Software Sizing 149
Differentiate Functions from Production
Effort/Costs 150
Function Point Analysis Method 152
Size—The Differentiator 154
The Yardstick 155
Inputs to Sizing 155
Source of Inputs 156
Accuracy of Requirements 157
Role of Size in the Software Development Lifecycle 158
Impact of Delivery Rate 159
Productivity Drivers 159
Software Product 160
Software Production Process 160
Software Development Environment 160
Productivity Measurement 161
Measuring Input 162
Productivity 162
Effort and Schedule 163
Deriving Effort 164
Scheduling 165
Resource Loading 165
Costing 167
Conclusion 167
xii Contents
References 168
Other Interesting Reading Material 169
Chapter 8: Estimation Flavors 171
Change Forever 171
Development Projects 173
Functional Decomposition of Modules 173
Case Study—Invoicing Application 174
Development—Function Point Analysis Method 176
Reengineering Projects 177
Reengineering—Function Point Analysis Method 179
Migration Projects 182
Maintenance Projects 183
Request for Service 184
Estimating Maintenance Requests—Function
Point Analysis 185
Case Study—Maintenance Request 186
Complexity in Estimation of Request for Service 188
Conclusion 192
References 192
Chapter* A Sense of Where You Are 193
On the Right Track, On Time 193
Pervasive Estimations 196
The Rippling Effect 197
Agile Software Projects 199
Case Study 202
Estimation Maturity 208
Mentor and Monitor Estimation Methods 210
Conclusion 211
References 212
Other Interesting Reading Material 213
Contents xiii
Chapter 10: Tips, Tricks, and Traps 215
Introduction 215
Setting the Context 215
Tips 216
Estimate Invisible Overheads 216
Tip 1: Project Team Size 217
Tip 2: Lifecycle Model 218
Tip 3: Warranty Support 220
Tip 4: Prototype 220
Tip 5; Proof of Concept 220
Tricks 221
Trick 1: Manipulating Project Costs 221
Trick 2: The Balancing Effect 222
Trick 3: User versus Developer View 223
Trick 4: Accuracy of Inputs to Estimation 224
Traps 225
Trap 1: Estimation Tools 225
Trap 2: Arbitrary Guesstimate 226
Trap 3: GSC—The Killer 226
Trap 4: Application Size and Delivery Schedule 228
Trap 5: Caution while Counting FP
of Existing Applications 229
Conclusion 230
References 231
Other Interesting Reading Material 231
Chapter 11: Insourcing versus Outsourcing 233
Introduction 233
Environment—The Differentiator 234
The Insourcing IT Organization 234
The Outsourcing IT Organization 236
Estimation Approach 239
Insourcing Estimation 239
Outsourcing Estimation 240
xiv Contents
Insourcing versus Outsourcing: Pros and Cons 242
Conclusion 247
Reference 247
Chapter 12: Key Factors in Software Contracts 249
Introduction 249
Types of Contracts 250
The Fixed Price Contract 250
The Time and Material Contract 252
The Flexible Contract 255
Project Execution Methods 257
Conclusion 263
References 263
Chapter 13: Project Estimation and Costing 265
Introduction 265
Ingredients of Project Costs 265
Project Lifecycle Phases and Cost 266
Requirements Phase 266
Design Phase 268
Build and Test Phase 269
Lifecycle Model 270
Resource Allocations 271
Develop a Cost Matrix 271
Estimation and TCO 272
Estimating TCO Costs 274
Conclusion 274
Other Interesting Reading Material 275
Chapter 14: Other Estimation Methods 277
Introduction 277
Estimation Methods 277
Estimation Approaches 278
Contents xv
Heuristic Approach 279
Top Down Estimation Approach 279
The Bottom Up Approach 283
Parametric Approach 285
COCOMOII Model 286
COSMIC FFP Method 288
Estimation Models Pros and Cons 291
Conclusion 294
References 294
Other Interesting Reading Material 295
Chapter 15: Estimation Tools 297
Why Use Tools? 297
Evolution of Estimation Tools 298
Ingredients of a Good Estimation Tool 298
Deploying Estimation Tools in IT Organizations 300
List of Tools 302
Conclusion 305
References 306
Other Interesting Reading Material 306
Chapter 16: Estimation Case Study 307
Introduction 307
Basic Assumptions 307
Step by Step FP Counting Process
(Development Projects) 309
Case Study: 1—Invoicing System 312
Invoice Module 315
Case Study 2: Enhanced Invoicing System 350
Step by Step FP Counting Process
(Enhancement Projects) 350
Assessing the Impact of Enhancing
the Invoice Application 352
Conclusion 359
xvi Contents
References 359
Other Interesting Reading Material 359
Appendix A: Reference Tables: Transaction Function Counts 361
Reference Table to Calculate ILF/EIF FP Count 361
Reference Table to Calculate EI/EO/EQ FP Count 362
Reference Table to Calculate Total FP Count 362
Reference Table to Calculate VAF from
GSC—Total Degree of Influence 363
Appendix B: Reference Tables: Data Function Points 365
Internal Logical Files and External Interface Files 365
External Inputs/External Outputs/External Inquiries 366
Bibliography 369
Index 373
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
List of Figures xvii
List of Tables xix
Foreword xxv
Preface xxvii
Acknowledgments xxxiii
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
What Is Software Estimation? 1
Ingredients of a Good Estimation 6
Activity Scope 6
Work Environment 6
Consistency 7
Usage of Tools 7
Learning from Past Experience 8
Software Project Estimation 8
Project Scope 9
Software Environment 10
Team Experience 11
Software Development Tools 11
Continuous Improvement Cycle 12
Why Software Estimation? 15
Metrics—Past, Present, and Future 16
Importance of Estimation 18
Estimation—Who and How 19
vii
viii Contents
Conclusion 21
References 22
Other Interesting Reading Material 23
Chapter 2: Role of Estimation in Software Proj ects 25
Software Projects and Estimation 25
Project Budget Approval Phase 26
Project Contract Phase 27
Project Execution Phase 28
Estimation and Measurement 31
Estimation and Measurement Complexities 32
Modularized Estimation 34
Case Study—Modularized Estimation 37
Large Application Systems 40
Heterogeneous Portfolio of Application Systems 41
Conclusion 42
References 43
Other Interesting Reading Material 43
Chapter 3: A Study of Function Point Analysis 45
Why Estimation? 45
What Is an Estimation Method? 46
Function Points 47
What Is a Function Point? 47
Function Point as a Measuring Yardstick 49
Uses and Benefits of Function Points 50
Function Point Analysis 51
FPA—Objectives 53
TheFPAModel 55
TheFPAProcess 57
Conclusion 70
References 72
Contents ix
Chapter 4: Data Functions 73
Introduction 73
Definition of Files 74
A Data File Example 74
Data Functions Defined by IFPUG 75
ILFs and EIFs 76
Embedded Terms 77
Rules for Identification of ILFs and EIFs 80
Determining Complexity of ILFs and EIFs 81
Complexity and FP Count Contributions 86
Tips to Remember 88
Conclusion 95
Identifying ILF/EIF: User View versus Developer View 95
References 96
Other Interesting Reading Material 96
Chapter 5: Transactional Functions 97
Introduction 97
Definition of Transactions 98
Albrecht's Definition of Transactions 100
Ingredients of a Transaction 100
Transactional Functions Defined by IFPUG 102
El, EO, and EQ 104
External Input 104
External Output 104
External Inquiry 104
Embedded Terms 105
Rules for Identification of El, EO, and EQ 107
Complexity and FP Count Contributions Ill
External Inputs Ill
External Outputs/External Inquiries 112
Step by Step FP Contribution Calculation Process 112
CRUD Transactions 115
x Contents
Invoice System—FP Counting Process 116
Conclusion 118
Identifying EI/EO/EQ—User View versus
Developer View 119
References 119
Other Interesting Reading Material 119
Chapter 6: General System Characteristics 121
Introduction 121
Functional and Non Functional Requirements 122
Functional Requirements 122
Non Functional Requirements 123
Introduction to General System Characteristics 123
Degree of Influence (DI) 125
Guidelines for General System Characteristics 125
GSC 1: Data Communications 126
CSC 2: Distributed Data Processing 126
CSC 3: Performance 127
CSC 4: Heavily Used Configuration 127
GSC 5: Transaction Rate 129
GSC 6: Online Data Entry 129
GSC 7: End User Efficiency 130
GSC 8: Online Update 131
GSC 9: Complex Processing 131
GSC 10: Reusability 132
GSC 11: Installation Ease 134
GSC 12: Operational Ease 134
GSC 13: Multiple Sites 135
GSC 14: Facilitate Change 135
GSC and NFR 137
Layers 139
Tiers 139
Quality of Service (QoS) 140
ISO/IEC14143 1: Definition of User Requirements 140
Contents xi
From the Dinosaur Era to the Jet Age 141
The Relationship among GSC, NFR,
and Technology Platform 143
Case Study 145
Conclusion 146
References 147
Other Interesting Reading Material 147
Chapter 7: Size, Effort, and Scheduling of Projects 149
Importance of Size 149
Key Inputs to Software Sizing 149
Differentiate Functions from Production
Effort/Costs 150
Function Point Analysis Method 152
Size—The Differentiator 154
The Yardstick 155
Inputs to Sizing 155
Source of Inputs 156
Accuracy of Requirements 157
Role of Size in the Software Development Lifecycle 158
Impact of Delivery Rate 159
Productivity Drivers 159
Software Product 160
Software Production Process 160
Software Development Environment 160
Productivity Measurement 161
Measuring Input 162
Productivity 162
Effort and Schedule 163
Deriving Effort 164
Scheduling 165
Resource Loading 165
Costing 167
Conclusion 167
xii Contents
References 168
Other Interesting Reading Material 169
Chapter 8: Estimation Flavors 171
Change Forever 171
Development Projects 173
Functional Decomposition of Modules 173
Case Study—Invoicing Application 174
Development—Function Point Analysis Method 176
Reengineering Projects 177
Reengineering—Function Point Analysis Method 179
Migration Projects 182
Maintenance Projects 183
Request for Service 184
Estimating Maintenance Requests—Function
Point Analysis 185
Case Study—Maintenance Request 186
Complexity in Estimation of Request for Service 188
Conclusion 192
References 192
Chapter* A Sense of Where You Are 193
On the Right Track, On Time 193
Pervasive Estimations 196
The Rippling Effect 197
Agile Software Projects 199
Case Study 202
Estimation Maturity 208
Mentor and Monitor Estimation Methods 210
Conclusion 211
References 212
Other Interesting Reading Material 213
Contents xiii
Chapter 10: Tips, Tricks, and Traps 215
Introduction 215
Setting the Context 215
Tips 216
Estimate Invisible Overheads 216
Tip 1: Project Team Size 217
Tip 2: Lifecycle Model 218
Tip 3: Warranty Support 220
Tip 4: Prototype 220
Tip 5; Proof of Concept 220
Tricks 221
Trick 1: Manipulating Project Costs 221
Trick 2: The Balancing Effect 222
Trick 3: User versus Developer View 223
Trick 4: Accuracy of Inputs to Estimation 224
Traps 225
Trap 1: Estimation Tools 225
Trap 2: Arbitrary Guesstimate 226
Trap 3: GSC—The Killer 226
Trap 4: Application Size and Delivery Schedule 228
Trap 5: Caution while Counting FP
of Existing Applications 229
Conclusion 230
References 231
Other Interesting Reading Material 231
Chapter 11: Insourcing versus Outsourcing 233
Introduction 233
Environment—The Differentiator 234
The Insourcing IT Organization 234
The Outsourcing IT Organization 236
Estimation Approach 239
Insourcing Estimation 239
Outsourcing Estimation 240
xiv Contents
Insourcing versus Outsourcing: Pros and Cons 242
Conclusion 247
Reference 247
Chapter 12: Key Factors in Software Contracts 249
Introduction 249
Types of Contracts 250
The Fixed Price Contract 250
The Time and Material Contract 252
The Flexible Contract 255
Project Execution Methods 257
Conclusion 263
References 263
Chapter 13: Project Estimation and Costing 265
Introduction 265
Ingredients of Project Costs 265
Project Lifecycle Phases and Cost 266
Requirements Phase 266
Design Phase 268
Build and Test Phase 269
Lifecycle Model 270
Resource Allocations 271
Develop a Cost Matrix 271
Estimation and TCO 272
Estimating TCO Costs 274
Conclusion 274
Other Interesting Reading Material 275
Chapter 14: Other Estimation Methods 277
Introduction 277
Estimation Methods 277
Estimation Approaches 278
Contents xv
Heuristic Approach 279
Top Down Estimation Approach 279
The Bottom Up Approach 283
Parametric Approach 285
COCOMOII Model 286
COSMIC FFP Method 288
Estimation Models Pros and Cons 291
Conclusion 294
References 294
Other Interesting Reading Material 295
Chapter 15: Estimation Tools 297
Why Use Tools? 297
Evolution of Estimation Tools 298
Ingredients of a Good Estimation Tool 298
Deploying Estimation Tools in IT Organizations 300
List of Tools 302
Conclusion 305
References 306
Other Interesting Reading Material 306
Chapter 16: Estimation Case Study 307
Introduction 307
Basic Assumptions 307
Step by Step FP Counting Process
(Development Projects) 309
Case Study: 1—Invoicing System 312
Invoice Module 315
Case Study 2: Enhanced Invoicing System 350
Step by Step FP Counting Process
(Enhancement Projects) 350
Assessing the Impact of Enhancing
the Invoice Application 352
Conclusion 359
xvi Contents
References 359
Other Interesting Reading Material 359
Appendix A: Reference Tables: Transaction Function Counts 361
Reference Table to Calculate ILF/EIF FP Count 361
Reference Table to Calculate EI/EO/EQ FP Count 362
Reference Table to Calculate Total FP Count 362
Reference Table to Calculate VAF from
GSC—Total Degree of Influence 363
Appendix B: Reference Tables: Data Function Points 365
Internal Logical Files and External Interface Files 365
External Inputs/External Outputs/External Inquiries 366
Bibliography 369
Index 373 |
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| id | DE-604.BV022406619 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:20:20Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:56:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780321439109 0321439104 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2006036476 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015615174 |
| oclc_num | 74942044 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-945 |
| owner_facet | DE-945 |
| physical | XXXIV, 388 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Addison-Wesley |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Infosys press |
| spelling | Parthasarathy, M. A. Verfasser aut Practical software estimation function point methods for insourced and outsourced projects M. A. Parthasarathy Upper Saddle River, NJ ; Munich [u.a.] Addison-Wesley 2007 XXXIV, 388 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Infosys press Includes bibliographical references and index Computer software Development Computer software Development Estimates Kalkulationsverfahren (DE-588)4163111-0 gnd rswk-swf Projekt (DE-588)4115645-6 gnd rswk-swf Projektkosten (DE-588)4302100-1 gnd rswk-swf Softwareentwicklung (DE-588)4116522-6 gnd rswk-swf Kostenplanung (DE-588)4032590-8 gnd rswk-swf Softwareentwicklung (DE-588)4116522-6 s Kostenplanung (DE-588)4032590-8 s DE-604 Projekt (DE-588)4115645-6 s Projektkosten (DE-588)4302100-1 s Kalkulationsverfahren (DE-588)4163111-0 s b DE-604 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip074/2006036476.html Table of contents only HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015615174&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Parthasarathy, M. A. Practical software estimation function point methods for insourced and outsourced projects Computer software Development Computer software Development Estimates Kalkulationsverfahren (DE-588)4163111-0 gnd Projekt (DE-588)4115645-6 gnd Projektkosten (DE-588)4302100-1 gnd Softwareentwicklung (DE-588)4116522-6 gnd Kostenplanung (DE-588)4032590-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4163111-0 (DE-588)4115645-6 (DE-588)4302100-1 (DE-588)4116522-6 (DE-588)4032590-8 |
| title | Practical software estimation function point methods for insourced and outsourced projects |
| title_auth | Practical software estimation function point methods for insourced and outsourced projects |
| title_exact_search | Practical software estimation function point methods for insourced and outsourced projects |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Practical software estimation function point methods for insourced and outsourced projects |
| title_full | Practical software estimation function point methods for insourced and outsourced projects M. A. Parthasarathy |
| title_fullStr | Practical software estimation function point methods for insourced and outsourced projects M. A. Parthasarathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Practical software estimation function point methods for insourced and outsourced projects M. A. Parthasarathy |
| title_short | Practical software estimation |
| title_sort | practical software estimation function point methods for insourced and outsourced projects |
| title_sub | function point methods for insourced and outsourced projects |
| topic | Computer software Development Computer software Development Estimates Kalkulationsverfahren (DE-588)4163111-0 gnd Projekt (DE-588)4115645-6 gnd Projektkosten (DE-588)4302100-1 gnd Softwareentwicklung (DE-588)4116522-6 gnd Kostenplanung (DE-588)4032590-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Computer software Development Computer software Development Estimates Kalkulationsverfahren Projekt Projektkosten Softwareentwicklung Kostenplanung |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip074/2006036476.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015615174&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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