The ontological foundation of ethics, politics, and law:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lanham, Md. [u.a.]
Univ. Press of America
2007
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 509 S. |
| ISBN: | 0761836667 9780761836667 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Belfiore, Francesco |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The ontological foundation of ethics, politics, and law |c Francesco Belfiore |
| 264 | 1 | |a Lanham, Md. [u.a.] |b Univ. Press of America |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 509 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Philosophie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Politische Wissenschaft | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ethics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Law |x Philosophy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Political science |x Philosophy | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Ethik |0 (DE-588)4015602-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Politische Philosophie |0 (DE-588)4076226-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Rechtsphilosophie |0 (DE-588)4048821-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Ethik |0 (DE-588)4015602-3 |D s |
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| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Politische Philosophie |0 (DE-588)4076226-9 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 2 | 0 | |a Rechtsphilosophie |0 (DE-588)4048821-4 |D s |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1811003839560548352 |
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| adam_text |
CONTENTS FIGURES XV TABLES XVII PREFACE XIX CHAPTER 1 - PREMISE: THE
BASIC ONTOLOGICAL CONCEPTION 1 1.1 - A NEW ONTOLOGICAL CONCEPTION: THE
MIND AND ITS COMPONENTS I 1.1.1 - EXPANDING THE MEANING OF DESCARTES'
"COGITO" 1 1.1.1.1 - CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE "COGITO ERGO SUM" 1
1.1.1.2 - THE MIND, HS COMPONENTS, AND HS PRODUCTS 3 1.1.1.2.1 - THE
INTELLECT AND THE PRODUCTS OFITS OUTWARD ACTIV- ITY: IDEAS, PROJECTS,
AND FANTASIES 4 1.1.1.2.2 - THE SENSITIVENESS AND THE PRODUCTS OF HS
OUTWARD ACTIVITY: SENTIMENTS 5 1.1.1.2.3 - THE POWER AND THE PRODUCTS OF
HS OUTWARD ACTIV- ITY: ACTIONS 5 1.1.1.2.4 - THE INWARD MIND ACTIVITY
(OR CONSCIOUSNESS) AND HS PRODUCTS: MORAL EVENTS 6 1.1.2 - THE NEW
ONTOLOGICAL CONCEPTION IN FOUR PROPOSITIONS 6 1.1.3 - THE JUDGMENT
CRITERIA FOR THE PRODUCTS OFTHE MIND COMPO- NENTS 7 J .1.3.1 - JUDGMENT
BY "SPECIFIC CRITERIA" 7 1.1.3.2 - JUDGMENT BY THE "YALUE CRITERION",
YALID FOR ALL MIND PRODUCTS 8 1.1.3.2.1 - JUDGMENT OF IDEAS AND PROJECTS
BY THE YALUE CRITE- RIOO 8 1.1.3.2.2 - JUDGMENT OF SENTIMENTS BY THE
YALUE CRITERION 12 1.1.3.2.3 - JUDGMENT OF ACTIONS BY THE YALUE
CRITERION 12 1.1.3.2.4 - JUDGMENT OFMORAI EVENTS BY THE YALUE CRITERION
13 1.2 - SYNOPSIS OF THE MIND COMPONENTS, THEIR PRODUCTS, AND THEIR
JUDGMENT CRITERIA 14 CHAPTER 2 - PRIVATE ETHICS: CONSCIOUSNESS AND MORAL
THOUGHTS, FEELING, AND ACTS 19 2.1 - CONSCIOUSNESS: THE INW ARD MIND
ACTIVITY THAT PRODUCES THE MORAL EVENTS 20 VI CONTENTS 2.1.1 - MORAL
EVENTS (MORAL THOUGHTS/PROJECTS, MORAL FEELINGS, AND MORAL ACTS) 20
2.\.\.1 - MORAL THOUGHTS AND MORAL PROJECTSLDECISIONS 21 2.1.1.2 - MORAL
FEELINGS 22 2.1.1.3 - MORAL ACTS 23 2.1.2 - DEFMING MORAL EVENTS:
CONSCIOUSNESS VERSUS SELFISHNESS 23 2.1.3 - MORAL EVENTS VERSUS OTHER
MENTAL PRODUCTS 24 2.1.3.1 - MORAL THOUGHTS AND MORAL PROJECTS-DECISION
VERSUS SELFISH OR PERSONAL IDEAS AND PROJECTS-DECISIONS 25 2.1.3.\.1 -
MORAL THOUGHTS (AND MORAL CONCEPTION) VERSUS SELFISH IDEAS (AND
SCIENTIFIC THEORIES) 25 2.1.3.1.2 - MORAL PROJECTS AND DECISIONS VERSUS
PERSONAL (OR SELFISH) PROJECTS AND DECISIONS 26 2.1.3.2 - MORAL FEELINGS
VERSUS PERSONAL (OR SELFISH) SENTIMENTS 26 2.1.3.3 - MORAL ACTS VERSUS
PERSONAL (OR SELFISH) ACTIONS 27 2.1.3.3.1 - FEATURES OFPERSONAL (OR
SELFISH) ACTIONS 27 2.1.3.3.2 - FEATURES OFMORAL ACTS 28 2.1.3.3.3 -
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORAL ACTS AND PERSONAL AC- TIONS 29 2.1.4 -
CONSCIOUSNESS AS THE GENERATOR OF MORAL PRINCIPLES, MORAL VALUES, AND
MORAL NORMS 30 2.1.4.1 - DEFINING MORAL PRINCIPLES (MORAL THOUGHTS),
MORAL VAL- UES (MORAL FEELINGS), AND MORAL NORMS (MORAL PROJECTS) 30
2.\.4.2 - HIERARCHICAL ARRANGEMENT OFTHE VARIOUS "MORAL GOODS" 32 2.1.5
- THE "GROUND MORAL NORM" AND THE SPHERES OF DECREASING MORAL
RESPONSIBILITY 36 2.1.5.\ - THE GROUND MORAL NORM: AN "OPEN" (NON
DOGMATIC) NORM 36 2.1.5.2 - THE SPHERES OF DECREASING MORAL
RESPONSIBILITY OFTHE INDIVIDUAL 37 2.1.5.2.1 - MORAL RESPONSIBILITY
TOWARD OTHERS 37 2.1.5.2.2 - MORAL RESPONSIBILITY TOWARD ONESELF AS THE
ORIGIN OF THE RIGHTS 41 2.1.5.3 - THE LIMIT OF MORAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE
"EVOLUTION- ALLOWING, INVOLUTION-A VOIDING CONDITION" 42 2.1.6 - THE
IMPRECISION IN DEFINING MORAL GOODS AND THE UNCER- TAINTY IN MORAL
CHOICES 44 2.2 - JUDGMENT OF MORAL EVENTS 48 2.2.1 - JUDGMENT OF MORAL
EVENTS BY THE MORALITY CRITERION 48 2.2.\.1 - MORAL THOUGHTS AND MORAL
JUDGMENTS 48 2.2.1.1.1 - THE SUPPOSED "IS-OUGHT GAP" AND THE "EVOLUTION
TOWARD BETTER STATES" AS AN INTRINSIC PROPERTY OF CONTENTS VII MIND 50
2.2.1.1.2 - FILLING THE "IS-OUGHT GAP" (OR CONNECTING REASON TO MORALS)
54 2.2. I. 1.3 - THE UNIVERSALIZABILITY PRINCIPLE 56 2.2. I. 1.4 - A NEW
VERSION OF THE UNIVERSALIZABILITY PRINCIPLE 65 2.2. I. 1.5 - TREATING
MEN AS ENDS 68 2.2. I. 1.6 - OTHER VIEWS ABOUT THE REASON-MORALS
RELATIONSHIP 69 2.2. 1.2 - MORAL FEELINGS AND MORAL JUDGMENTS 70
2.2.1.2. I - ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE ROLE OF MORAL FEELINGS IN MORAL
JUDGMENTS 71 2.2.1.2.2 - THE NOTION OF"MORAL FEELING" IN CLASSICAL PHI-
LOSOPHICAL WORKS 71 2.2.1.2.3 - THE NOTION OF"MORAL FEELING" IN MODEM
PHILOSO- PHY 74 2.2.1.3 - FURTHER THEORIES ON MORAL JUDGMENT, MORAL
THOUGHTS, AND MORAL FEELINGS 89 2.2.1.3.1 - NEITHER UTILITARIANISM NOR
KANTIANISM: CATEGORICAL DESIRES 89 2.2.1.3.2 - SELF-INTEREST THEORIES 90
2.2.1.3.3 - RAWLS' CONSTRUCTIVISM: THE HIGHER-ORDER INTERESTS OF FREE
AND EQUAL PERSONS 93 2.2.1.3.4 - OTHER THEORIES 97 2.2.1.4 - REFUSING
MORALITY 108 2.2.1.4.1 - NIETZSCHE'S THOUGHT 108 2.2.1.4.2 - MORAL
SKEPTICISM 111 2.2.1.5 - HARD MORAL CHOICES AND MORAL DILEMMAS 122
2.2.1.5.1 - GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 122 2.2.1.5.2 - ABORTION: A TYPICAL
HARD MORAL CASE 123 2.2.1.5.3 - OTHER EXAMPLES OF HARD MORAL CASES 129
2.2.1.6 - JUDGMENT OF MORAL ACTS 131 2.2.1.6.1 - GOOD VERSUS BAD MORAL
ACTS 131 2.2.1.6.2 - PROMOTING THE EVOLUTION OF SENSITIVENESS VERSUS
PROMOTING HAPPINESS 132 2.2.1.6.3 - PURSUING MIND EVOLUTION AS THE
SOURCE OFHUMAN RIGHTS 133 2.2.1.7 - CLASSES OF GOOD MORAL ACTS 134
2.2.1.7.1 - THE GENERAL CLASS OFGOOD MORAL ACTS 134 2.2.1.7.2 - THE
SUB-CLASSES OFGOOD MORAL ACTS 135 2.2.1.8 - THE
SELFISHNESS/CONSCIOUSNESS BALANCE (OR OUTWARD VER- SUS INWARD MIND
ACTIVITY) 141 2.2.2 - JUDGMENT OFMORAL EVENTS BY THE VALUE CRITERION 143
2.3 - SUPER-NORMAL AND ABNORMAL MORAL BEHAVIOR 145 2.3.1 -
SUPEREROGATION 145 2.3.2 - MORAL FORMALISM 145 VIII CONTENTS 2.3.3 -
FANATICISM 146 2.4 - HUMAN FREEDOM 148 2.4.1 - THE CLAIMED FREEDOM OF
HUMAN CONDUCT 148 2.4.1.1 - PERSONAL DECISIONS AND ACTIONS, AS
DETERMINED BY THE PREVAILING SENTIMENT 148 2.4.1.2 - MORAL DECISIONS AND
MORAL ACTS AS DETERNLINED BY THE PREVAILING MORAL FEELINGS 149 2.4.1.3 -
THE FUNDAMENTAL MORAL CHOICE: MORAL PROJECTS VERSUS PERSONAL PROJECTS
(THE CLAIMED "FREE WILL") 150 2.4.2 - MORAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE
ABSENCE OF INTERNAL FREEDOM 154 2.5 - THE PRLMACY OF ETHICS 157 2.5.1 -
ETHICS AND THE OTHER PRODUCTS OFMIND COMPONENTS 157 2.5.2 - ETHICS AND
RELIGION 158 CHAPTER 3 - PUBLIE ETHIES AND POLITIEAL PHILOSOPHY 161 3.1
- HUMAN ACRIONS AND MORAL ACRS: THEIR JUDGMENT BY THE V ALUE CRITERION
161 3.1.1 - DISTINCTION OF ACTIONS INTO PARTICULAR AND UNIVERSAL BY THE
VALUE CRITERION 161 3.1.1.1 - SOCIETY AS THE RESULT OFTHE
UNIVERSALIZATION OFHUMAN ACTIONS 162 3. 1.1. L.L - THE ORIGIN OFHUMAN
SOCIETY 162 3.1.1.1.2 - RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT
DEGREES OFUNIVERSALITY 164 3.1.1.2 - PUBLIC SELFISH ACTIONS VERSUS
PUBLIC MORAL ACTS AS THE BINOMIAL MOTOR OFHUMAN SOCIETY 166 3.1.2 -
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS 169 3.1.2.1 - THE "PRINCIPLE OFTHE BEST APPROACH TO
UNIVERSALITY" AND THE PUBLIC JUSTIFICATION OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS 170
3.1.2.1.1 - ADVANTAGES OFTHE "PRINCIPLE OFTHE BEST APPROACH TO THE
UNIVERSALITY OF PUBLIC ACTIONS" 172 3.1.2.1.2 - THE "BEST APPROACH TO
UNIVERSALITY" AND THE PRO- POSAL OF A "GRADATIONAL DEMOCRACY" 173 3
.1.2.2 - THE "VOTING ACT" AND HS MEANING 179 3.1.2.2.1 - MAKING THE
"VOTING ACT" FREE AND RESPONSIBLE 179 3.1.2.2.2 - THE MEANING OF THE
"VOTING ACT" 181 3.1.2.3 - THE "RATING" OF ACTIONS (AND OFTHE LAWS THAT
REGULATE THEM), AND THE PUBLIC JUSTIFICATION OF POWER 183 3.1.2.3.1- THE
RATING OF ACTIONS AND OFLAWS 183 3.1.2.3.2 - PUBLICLY JUSTIFIED POWER
183 3.1.2.3.3 -INFORMAL MINI-COMMUNITIES 185 3.1.2.4 - "ARROGANCE",
"VIOLENCE", AND PUBLICLY UNJUSTIFIED CONTENTS IX POWER 187 3.1.2.5 -
ETHICS AND POLITICS, DUTIES AND RIGHTS 190 3.1.2.5.1 - THE ETHICAL
ASPECTS OFPOLITICS: THE "EVOLUTION- ALLOWING CONDITION" AS THE PUBLIC
MORAL END 190 3.1.2.5.2 - DUTIES AS THE SOURCE OF RIGHTS 194 3.1.2.5.3 -
THE IMPRECISION IN DEFINING PUBLIC MORAL ENDS AND NORMS AS SOURCE
OFDISCUSSION AND DIVERSE (COM- PETING BUT NOT CONTRASTING) OPINIONS 194
3.2 - POLITICAL CONCEPTS AND THEORIES: CRITIQUE AND REINTERPRET ANON 198
3.2.1 - GENERAL CONCEPTS: I. THE CENTRALITY OFTHE IDEA OFCLASS TO
UNDERSTAND MEN AND SOCIETY 198 3.2.2 - GENERAL CONCEPTS: 2. EQUALITY 199
3.2.2.1 - EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY 199 3.2.2.1.1 - EQUALITY OF HUMAN
BEINGS: THEIR COMMON PROPER- TIES AND UNIVERSAL RIGHTS 199 3.2.2.1.2 -
DIVERSITY OF HUMAN BEINGS: THEIR INDIVIDUAL PROP- ERTIES AND RIGHTS 200
3.2.2.1.3 - EQUALITY VERSUS DIVERSITY OF HUMAN BEINGS 202 3.2.2.2 -
THEORIES OFEQUALITY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS 204 3.2.2.2.1 - OVERVIEW 204
3.2.2.2.2 - THE ANALYSIS OFTHE CONCEPT OFEQUALITY 205 3.2.2.2.3 -
EQUALITY AS RELATED TO MERITOCRACY, FRATEMITY, AND FRIENDSHIP 220
3.2.2.2.4 - THE CONFUTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF EQUALITY 221 3.2.3 -
GENERAL CONCEPTS: 3. PROPERTY 226 3.2.3.1 - PRIVATE PROPERTY: MAIN
THEORIES ON ITS ORIGIN. 227 3.2.3.2 - A JUSTIFICATORY THEORY OFPRIVATE
PROPERTY 230 3.2.3.3 - THE COMMUNAL PROPERTY 234 3.2.3.4 - PROPERTY,
LIBERTY, AND VIRTUES 236 3.2.4 - POLITICAL THOUGHT OFHOBBES, HUME, AND
NIETZSEHE 237 3.2.4.1 - HOBBES 238 3.2.4.2 - HUME 240 3.2.4.3 -
NIETZSEHE 242 3.2.5 - UTILITARIANISM 245 3.2.5.1 - HAPPINESS, UTILITY,
AND WELFARE AS MORAL ENDS 245 3.2.5.2 - "RULE UTILITARIANISM" AND
"GOVEMMENT HOUSE UTILITARI- ANISM" 249 3.2.6 - LIBERAL EQUALITY AND THE
COMPENSATION FOR INEQUALITIES 250 3.2.6.1 - RAWLS' THEORY 250 3.2.6.1.1
- RAWLS' FIRST PRINCIPLE (EQUAL RIGHT TO LIBERTY) 250 3.2.6.1.2 - RAWLS'
SECOND PRINCIPLE (OR DIFFERENCE PRINCIPLE) 250 3.2.6.1.3 - RAWLS' RULE
OFTHE PRIORITY OFLIBERTY (FIRST PRIORITY RULE) 254 X CONTENLS 3.2.6.1.4
- RAWLS' RULE OFTHE PRIORITY OF JUSTICE (SECOND PRIOR- ITY RULE) 254
3.2.6.2 - DWORKIN'S THEORY 256 3.2.6.3 - OTHER VIEWS ON THE COMPENSATION
FOR INEQUALITIES 257 3.2.7 - LIBERTARIANISM 259 3.2.8 - COMMUNISM AND
MARXIST THEORIES 266 3.2.8.1 - CLASSIC COMMUNISM AND HISTORICAL
MATERIALISM: THE CORE OF THE THEORY 266 3.2.8.1.1- SOCIALIZATION OFTHE
MEANS OFPRODUCTION 268 3.2.8.1.2 - THE ALLEGED ABUNDANCE OF RESOURCES
AND THE NEED FOR JUSTICE 272 3.2.8.2 - "EXPLOITATION" VERSUS "JUST
DISTRIBUTION" 272 3.2.8.2.1 - ON THE EXISTENCE AND NATURE OFTHE "SURPLUS
VALUE" 273 3.2.8.2.2 - TRANSFER OFTHE "SURPLUS VALUE" 277 3.2.8.3 -
ALIENATION 278 3.2.8.4 - ANALYTICAL MARXISM AND NON-MARXIST THEORIES OF
SOCIAL- ISM 280 3.2.9 - COMMUNITARIANISM 280 3.2.10 - POLITICAL
LIBERALISM AND LIBERAL NATIONALISM 283 3.2.10.1 - POLITICAL LIBERALISM
283 3.2.10.2 - LIBERAL NATIONALISM 285 3.2.11 - CITIZENSHIP THEORY 287
3.2.11.1 - CITIZENSHIP THEORY AND CIVIC VIRTUES 287 3.2.11.2 - CIVIC
REPUBLICANISM 290 3.2.11.3 - TEACHING AND LEAMING CIVIC VIRTUES 290
3.2.12-MULTICULTURALISM 292 3.2.13 - FEMINISM 298 3.2.14 - OTHER ISSUES
301 3.2.14.1 - ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 301 3.2.14.2 - REBELLION 302 3.3 -
DIFFICUL T MORAL CHOICES IN PUBLICLIFE 304 3.3.1 - GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS 304 3.3.2 - VIEWS ABOUT DIRTY HANDS CASES 307 3.3.2.1 -
DIRTY-HANDS CASES IN NON-DEMOCRATIC NON- CONSTITUTIONAL (OLD AND MODEM)
STATES 307 3.3.2.2 - DIRTY-HANDS CASES IN MODEM DEMOCRATIC
CONSTITUTIONAL STATES 309 3.3.2.2.1 - DIRTY HANDS AND DEMOCRACY 309
3.3.2.2.2 - THE ALLEGED JUSTIFICATION OFDIRTY HANDS 313 3.3.2.2.3 -
AGAINST DIRTY HANDS 317 3.3.2.2.4 - COMMENTS ON THE CORRUPTION IN
POLITICAL LIFE 322 3.4 - INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 325 CONTENTS XI 3.4.1
-GENERAL CONCEPTS AND ETHICAL ISSUES 325 3.4.1.1 - GENERAL CONCEPTS 325
3.4.1.2 - ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 327 3.4.1.2.1 -
ETHICS IN THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY 327 3.4.1.2.2 - REMARKS ON WAR 329
3.4.2 - CLASSICAL THEORIES ON INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 331 3.4.2.1 - LEGAL
POSITIVISM 331 3.4.2.2 - NATURAL LAW 333 3.4.2.3 - KANTIANISM 334
3.4.2.4 - CONTRACTARIAN THOUGHT 337 3.4.2.5 - THE COSMOPOLITAN
CONCEPTION (COSMOPOLITANISM) 338 CHAPTER 4 - PUBLIE ETHIES AND
PHILOSOPHY OF LAW 345 4.1- A NEW CONCEPTION OF LA WS 345 4.1.1 - LAWS AS
UNIVERSAL AND COLLECTIVE PROJECTS 345 4.1.1.1 - DEFMING LAWS 345 4.1.1.2
- CRITERIA FOR THE JUDGMENT OF LAWS 347 4.1.1.2.1 - THE VALUE CRITERION
347 4.1.1.2.2 - THE SPECIFIC JUDGMENT CRITERIA 348 4.1.1.3 - THE
TWO-FOLD NATURE AND THE BINDING FORCE OFLAWS 348 4.1.1.3.1 - THE
TWO-FOLD NATURE OF LAWS 348 4.1.1.3.2 - VALIDITY, EFFICACIOUSNESS, AND
BINDING FORCE OF LAWS 350 4.1.1.4 - RE-DEFINITION OFLAWS 354 4.1.2 -
LAWS AND RIGHTS IN A DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTIONAL STATE 355 4.1.2.1 - LAWS
IN A DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTIONAL STATE 355 4.1.2.2 - DUTIES AS THE SOURCE
OF RIGHTS IN A DEMOCRATIC CONSTITU- TIONAL STATE 358 4.1.2.3 - NORMS,
LAWS, RULES, AND COMMANDS 359 4.2 - LEGAL THEORIES: CRLTIQUE AND
REINTERPRETATION 366 4.2.1 - NATURAL LAW THEORY 366 4.2.1.1 - CLASSICAL
VIEWS ON NATURAL LAW 366 4.2.1.2 - MODEM VIEWS ON NATURAL LAW 368
4.2.1.2.1 - THE ETHICAL BASIS OF LAW 368 4.2.1.2.2 - POLITICAL
OBLIGATION (REASONS TO OBEY THE LAW) 370 4.2.1.2.3 -INTERPRETATION
OF"PRIOR LAW" 371 4.2.2 - LEGAL POSITIVISM 373 4.2.2.1 - LAWS AS ORDERS
BACKED BY THREATS 373 4.2.2.2 - THE INTERNAL VIEW OFLAWS 376 4.2.2.3 -
THE SYSTEM OFPRIMARY AND SECONDARY RULES 378 4.2.2.3.1 - THE DISTINCTION
OFPRIMARY FROM SECONDARY RULES 378 4.2.2.3.2 - THE NATURE OFSECONDARY
RULES (RULES OFRECOGNI- TION) 380 4.2.2.4 - LAWS AND MORALS 386 XII
CONTENTS 4.2.2.4.1 - THE "MINIMUM CONTENT OFNATURAL LAW" THEORY 386
4.2.2.4.2 - OTHER VIEWS ON THE LAW-TO-MORALITY RELATIONSHIP 388 4.2.2.5
- DWORKIN'S RULES, PRINCIPLES, AND POLICIES 391 4.2.3 - THE
INDETERMINACY OFLAW: LEGAL FORMALISM AND LEGAL REAL- ISM 394 4.2.3.1 -
LEGAL FORMALISM 395 4.2.3.1.1 - THE THESIS OFLEGAL FORMALISM 395
4.2.3.1.2 - LEGAL FORMALISM AND THE INDIVIDUALITY OF JUDGES 397 4.2.3.2
- LEGAL REALISM (RULE-SKEPTICISM) 398 4.2.3.2.1 - THE THESIS OF LEGAL
REALISM: JUDGES AS LAWMAKERS 398 4.2.3.2.2 - LEGAL REALISM AND THE
BINDING CHARACTER OF"RULES" 403 4.2.3.2.3 - LEGAL REALISM AND THE
INTERNAL VIEW OFLAWS 405 4.2.3.2.4 - LEGAL REALISM AND THE "FINAL"
DECISIONS 406 4.2.3.2.5 - THE ULTIMATE CRITERIA OF LEGAL VALIDITY 406
4.2.4 - OTHER LEGAL THEORIES 409 4.2.4.1 - KANTIANISM 409 4.2.4.2 -
CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES 411 4.2.4.3 - THE RULE OF LAW 413 4.2.5 - LAW AND
ECONOMICS 415 4.2.6 - CONSTITUTIONALISM 423 4.2.6.1 - MORAL PHILOSOPHY
AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 423 4.2.6.2 - THE NATURE AND FUNCTION
OFCONSTITUTION 428 4.2.6.2.1 - THE CONSTITUTION AND THE HIERARCHY
OF"POWERS" 428 4.2.6.2.2 - THE CONSTITUTION AND THE HIERARCHY OF LAWS
429 4.2.6.3 - THE ONTOLOGICAL BASIS OFTHE SEPARATION OF"POWERS" 429
4.2.6.4 - DIFFERENT CONSTITUTIONS 433 4.3 - ADJUDICATION 435 4.3.1 -
DEFINING ADJUDICATION 435 4.3 .1.1 - ADJUDICATION BY TRIAL AND APPELLATE
COURTS 435 4.3 .1.2 - CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINT AND JUDICIAL REVIEW 440
4.3.1.2.1 - THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINT 441 4.3.1.2.2 - THE JUDICIAL
REVIEW 443 4.3.2 - SANCTIONS AND PUNISHMENT 445 4.3.3 - INTERNATIONAL
AND SUPRA-NATIONAL LAWS 449 CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUDING REMARKS REFERENCES
INDEX 453 457 483 |
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS FIGURES XV TABLES XVII PREFACE XIX CHAPTER 1 - PREMISE: THE
BASIC ONTOLOGICAL CONCEPTION 1 1.1 - A NEW ONTOLOGICAL CONCEPTION: THE
MIND AND ITS COMPONENTS I 1.1.1 - EXPANDING THE MEANING OF DESCARTES'
"COGITO" 1 1.1.1.1 - CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE "COGITO ERGO SUM" 1
1.1.1.2 - THE MIND, HS COMPONENTS, AND HS PRODUCTS 3 1.1.1.2.1 - THE
INTELLECT AND THE PRODUCTS OFITS OUTWARD ACTIV- ITY: IDEAS, PROJECTS,
AND FANTASIES 4 1.1.1.2.2 - THE SENSITIVENESS AND THE PRODUCTS OF HS
OUTWARD ACTIVITY: SENTIMENTS 5 1.1.1.2.3 - THE POWER AND THE PRODUCTS OF
HS OUTWARD ACTIV- ITY: ACTIONS 5 1.1.1.2.4 - THE INWARD MIND ACTIVITY
(OR CONSCIOUSNESS) AND HS PRODUCTS: MORAL EVENTS 6 1.1.2 - THE NEW
ONTOLOGICAL CONCEPTION IN FOUR PROPOSITIONS 6 1.1.3 - THE JUDGMENT
CRITERIA FOR THE PRODUCTS OFTHE MIND COMPO- NENTS 7 J .1.3.1 - JUDGMENT
BY "SPECIFIC CRITERIA" 7 1.1.3.2 - JUDGMENT BY THE "YALUE CRITERION",
YALID FOR ALL MIND PRODUCTS 8 1.1.3.2.1 - JUDGMENT OF IDEAS AND PROJECTS
BY THE YALUE CRITE- RIOO 8 1.1.3.2.2 - JUDGMENT OF SENTIMENTS BY THE
YALUE CRITERION 12 1.1.3.2.3 - JUDGMENT OF ACTIONS BY THE YALUE
CRITERION 12 1.1.3.2.4 - JUDGMENT OFMORAI EVENTS BY THE YALUE CRITERION
13 1.2 - SYNOPSIS OF THE MIND COMPONENTS, THEIR PRODUCTS, AND THEIR
JUDGMENT CRITERIA 14 CHAPTER 2 - PRIVATE ETHICS: CONSCIOUSNESS AND MORAL
THOUGHTS, FEELING, AND ACTS 19 2.1 - CONSCIOUSNESS: THE INW ARD MIND
ACTIVITY THAT PRODUCES THE MORAL EVENTS 20 VI CONTENTS 2.1.1 - MORAL
EVENTS (MORAL THOUGHTS/PROJECTS, MORAL FEELINGS, AND MORAL ACTS) 20
2.\.\.1 - MORAL THOUGHTS AND MORAL PROJECTSLDECISIONS 21 2.1.1.2 - MORAL
FEELINGS 22 2.1.1.3 - MORAL ACTS 23 2.1.2 - DEFMING MORAL EVENTS:
CONSCIOUSNESS VERSUS SELFISHNESS 23 2.1.3 - MORAL EVENTS VERSUS OTHER
MENTAL PRODUCTS 24 2.1.3.1 - MORAL THOUGHTS AND MORAL PROJECTS-DECISION
VERSUS SELFISH OR PERSONAL IDEAS AND PROJECTS-DECISIONS 25 2.1.3.\.1 -
MORAL THOUGHTS (AND MORAL CONCEPTION) VERSUS SELFISH IDEAS (AND
SCIENTIFIC THEORIES) 25 2.1.3.1.2 - MORAL PROJECTS AND DECISIONS VERSUS
PERSONAL (OR SELFISH) PROJECTS AND DECISIONS 26 2.1.3.2 - MORAL FEELINGS
VERSUS PERSONAL (OR SELFISH) SENTIMENTS 26 2.1.3.3 - MORAL ACTS VERSUS
PERSONAL (OR SELFISH) ACTIONS 27 2.1.3.3.1 - FEATURES OFPERSONAL (OR
SELFISH) ACTIONS 27 2.1.3.3.2 - FEATURES OFMORAL ACTS 28 2.1.3.3.3 -
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORAL ACTS AND PERSONAL AC- TIONS 29 2.1.4 -
CONSCIOUSNESS AS THE GENERATOR OF MORAL PRINCIPLES, MORAL VALUES, AND
MORAL NORMS 30 2.1.4.1 - DEFINING MORAL PRINCIPLES (MORAL THOUGHTS),
MORAL VAL- UES (MORAL FEELINGS), AND MORAL NORMS (MORAL PROJECTS) 30
2.\.4.2 - HIERARCHICAL ARRANGEMENT OFTHE VARIOUS "MORAL GOODS" 32 2.1.5
- THE "GROUND MORAL NORM" AND THE SPHERES OF DECREASING MORAL
RESPONSIBILITY 36 2.1.5.\ - THE GROUND MORAL NORM: AN "OPEN" (NON
DOGMATIC) NORM 36 2.1.5.2 - THE SPHERES OF DECREASING MORAL
RESPONSIBILITY OFTHE INDIVIDUAL 37 2.1.5.2.1 - MORAL RESPONSIBILITY
TOWARD OTHERS 37 2.1.5.2.2 - MORAL RESPONSIBILITY TOWARD ONESELF AS THE
ORIGIN OF THE RIGHTS 41 2.1.5.3 - THE LIMIT OF MORAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE
"EVOLUTION- ALLOWING, INVOLUTION-A VOIDING CONDITION" 42 2.1.6 - THE
IMPRECISION IN DEFINING MORAL GOODS AND THE UNCER- TAINTY IN MORAL
CHOICES 44 2.2 - JUDGMENT OF MORAL EVENTS 48 2.2.1 - JUDGMENT OF MORAL
EVENTS BY THE MORALITY CRITERION 48 2.2.\.1 - MORAL THOUGHTS AND MORAL
JUDGMENTS 48 2.2.1.1.1 - THE SUPPOSED "IS-OUGHT GAP" AND THE "EVOLUTION
TOWARD BETTER STATES" AS AN INTRINSIC PROPERTY OF CONTENTS VII MIND 50
2.2.1.1.2 - FILLING THE "IS-OUGHT GAP" (OR CONNECTING REASON TO MORALS)
54 2.2. I. 1.3 - THE UNIVERSALIZABILITY PRINCIPLE 56 2.2. I. 1.4 - A NEW
VERSION OF THE UNIVERSALIZABILITY PRINCIPLE 65 2.2. I. 1.5 - TREATING
MEN AS ENDS 68 2.2. I. 1.6 - OTHER VIEWS ABOUT THE REASON-MORALS
RELATIONSHIP 69 2.2. 1.2 - MORAL FEELINGS AND MORAL JUDGMENTS 70
2.2.1.2. I - ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE ROLE OF MORAL FEELINGS IN MORAL
JUDGMENTS 71 2.2.1.2.2 - THE NOTION OF"MORAL FEELING" IN CLASSICAL PHI-
LOSOPHICAL WORKS 71 2.2.1.2.3 - THE NOTION OF"MORAL FEELING" IN MODEM
PHILOSO- PHY 74 2.2.1.3 - FURTHER THEORIES ON MORAL JUDGMENT, MORAL
THOUGHTS, AND MORAL FEELINGS 89 2.2.1.3.1 - NEITHER UTILITARIANISM NOR
KANTIANISM: CATEGORICAL DESIRES 89 2.2.1.3.2 - SELF-INTEREST THEORIES 90
2.2.1.3.3 - RAWLS' CONSTRUCTIVISM: THE HIGHER-ORDER INTERESTS OF FREE
AND EQUAL PERSONS 93 2.2.1.3.4 - OTHER THEORIES 97 2.2.1.4 - REFUSING
MORALITY 108 2.2.1.4.1 - NIETZSCHE'S THOUGHT 108 2.2.1.4.2 - MORAL
SKEPTICISM 111 2.2.1.5 - HARD MORAL CHOICES AND MORAL DILEMMAS 122
2.2.1.5.1 - GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 122 2.2.1.5.2 - ABORTION: A TYPICAL
HARD MORAL CASE 123 2.2.1.5.3 - OTHER EXAMPLES OF HARD MORAL CASES 129
2.2.1.6 - JUDGMENT OF MORAL ACTS 131 2.2.1.6.1 - GOOD VERSUS BAD MORAL
ACTS 131 2.2.1.6.2 - PROMOTING THE EVOLUTION OF SENSITIVENESS VERSUS
PROMOTING HAPPINESS 132 2.2.1.6.3 - PURSUING MIND EVOLUTION AS THE
SOURCE OFHUMAN RIGHTS 133 2.2.1.7 - CLASSES OF GOOD MORAL ACTS 134
2.2.1.7.1 - THE GENERAL CLASS OFGOOD MORAL ACTS 134 2.2.1.7.2 - THE
SUB-CLASSES OFGOOD MORAL ACTS 135 2.2.1.8 - THE
SELFISHNESS/CONSCIOUSNESS BALANCE (OR OUTWARD VER- SUS INWARD MIND
ACTIVITY) 141 2.2.2 - JUDGMENT OFMORAL EVENTS BY THE VALUE CRITERION 143
2.3 - SUPER-NORMAL AND ABNORMAL MORAL BEHAVIOR 145 2.3.1 -
SUPEREROGATION 145 2.3.2 - MORAL FORMALISM 145 VIII CONTENTS 2.3.3 -
FANATICISM 146 2.4 - HUMAN FREEDOM 148 2.4.1 - THE CLAIMED FREEDOM OF
HUMAN CONDUCT 148 2.4.1.1 - PERSONAL DECISIONS AND ACTIONS, AS
DETERMINED BY THE PREVAILING SENTIMENT 148 2.4.1.2 - MORAL DECISIONS AND
MORAL ACTS AS DETERNLINED BY THE PREVAILING MORAL FEELINGS 149 2.4.1.3 -
THE FUNDAMENTAL MORAL CHOICE: MORAL PROJECTS VERSUS PERSONAL PROJECTS
(THE CLAIMED "FREE WILL") 150 2.4.2 - MORAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE
ABSENCE OF INTERNAL FREEDOM 154 2.5 - THE PRLMACY OF ETHICS 157 2.5.1 -
ETHICS AND THE OTHER PRODUCTS OFMIND COMPONENTS 157 2.5.2 - ETHICS AND
RELIGION 158 CHAPTER 3 - PUBLIE ETHIES AND POLITIEAL PHILOSOPHY 161 3.1
- HUMAN ACRIONS AND MORAL ACRS: THEIR JUDGMENT BY THE V ALUE CRITERION
161 3.1.1 - DISTINCTION OF ACTIONS INTO PARTICULAR AND UNIVERSAL BY THE
VALUE CRITERION 161 3.1.1.1 - SOCIETY AS THE RESULT OFTHE
UNIVERSALIZATION OFHUMAN ACTIONS 162 3. 1.1. L.L - THE ORIGIN OFHUMAN
SOCIETY 162 3.1.1.1.2 - RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT
DEGREES OFUNIVERSALITY 164 3.1.1.2 - PUBLIC SELFISH ACTIONS VERSUS
PUBLIC MORAL ACTS AS THE BINOMIAL MOTOR OFHUMAN SOCIETY 166 3.1.2 -
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS 169 3.1.2.1 - THE "PRINCIPLE OFTHE BEST APPROACH TO
UNIVERSALITY" AND THE PUBLIC JUSTIFICATION OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS 170
3.1.2.1.1 - ADVANTAGES OFTHE "PRINCIPLE OFTHE BEST APPROACH TO THE
UNIVERSALITY OF PUBLIC ACTIONS" 172 3.1.2.1.2 - THE "BEST APPROACH TO
UNIVERSALITY" AND THE PRO- POSAL OF A "GRADATIONAL DEMOCRACY" 173 3
.1.2.2 - THE "VOTING ACT" AND HS MEANING 179 3.1.2.2.1 - MAKING THE
"VOTING ACT" FREE AND RESPONSIBLE 179 3.1.2.2.2 - THE MEANING OF THE
"VOTING ACT" 181 3.1.2.3 - THE "RATING" OF ACTIONS (AND OFTHE LAWS THAT
REGULATE THEM), AND THE PUBLIC JUSTIFICATION OF POWER 183 3.1.2.3.1- THE
RATING OF ACTIONS AND OFLAWS 183 3.1.2.3.2 - PUBLICLY JUSTIFIED POWER
183 3.1.2.3.3 -INFORMAL MINI-COMMUNITIES 185 3.1.2.4 - "ARROGANCE",
"VIOLENCE", AND PUBLICLY UNJUSTIFIED CONTENTS IX POWER 187 3.1.2.5 -
ETHICS AND POLITICS, DUTIES AND RIGHTS 190 3.1.2.5.1 - THE ETHICAL
ASPECTS OFPOLITICS: THE "EVOLUTION- ALLOWING CONDITION" AS THE PUBLIC
MORAL END 190 3.1.2.5.2 - DUTIES AS THE SOURCE OF RIGHTS 194 3.1.2.5.3 -
THE IMPRECISION IN DEFINING PUBLIC MORAL ENDS AND NORMS AS SOURCE
OFDISCUSSION AND DIVERSE (COM- PETING BUT NOT CONTRASTING) OPINIONS 194
3.2 - POLITICAL CONCEPTS AND THEORIES: CRITIQUE AND REINTERPRET ANON 198
3.2.1 - GENERAL CONCEPTS: I. THE CENTRALITY OFTHE IDEA OFCLASS TO
UNDERSTAND MEN AND SOCIETY 198 3.2.2 - GENERAL CONCEPTS: 2. EQUALITY 199
3.2.2.1 - EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY 199 3.2.2.1.1 - EQUALITY OF HUMAN
BEINGS: THEIR COMMON PROPER- TIES AND UNIVERSAL RIGHTS 199 3.2.2.1.2 -
DIVERSITY OF HUMAN BEINGS: THEIR INDIVIDUAL PROP- ERTIES AND RIGHTS 200
3.2.2.1.3 - EQUALITY VERSUS DIVERSITY OF HUMAN BEINGS 202 3.2.2.2 -
THEORIES OFEQUALITY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS 204 3.2.2.2.1 - OVERVIEW 204
3.2.2.2.2 - THE ANALYSIS OFTHE CONCEPT OFEQUALITY 205 3.2.2.2.3 -
EQUALITY AS RELATED TO MERITOCRACY, FRATEMITY, AND FRIENDSHIP 220
3.2.2.2.4 - THE CONFUTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF EQUALITY 221 3.2.3 -
GENERAL CONCEPTS: 3. PROPERTY 226 3.2.3.1 - PRIVATE PROPERTY: MAIN
THEORIES ON ITS ORIGIN. 227 3.2.3.2 - A JUSTIFICATORY THEORY OFPRIVATE
PROPERTY 230 3.2.3.3 - THE COMMUNAL PROPERTY 234 3.2.3.4 - PROPERTY,
LIBERTY, AND VIRTUES 236 3.2.4 - POLITICAL THOUGHT OFHOBBES, HUME, AND
NIETZSEHE 237 3.2.4.1 - HOBBES 238 3.2.4.2 - HUME 240 3.2.4.3 -
NIETZSEHE 242 3.2.5 - UTILITARIANISM 245 3.2.5.1 - HAPPINESS, UTILITY,
AND WELFARE AS MORAL ENDS 245 3.2.5.2 - "RULE UTILITARIANISM" AND
"GOVEMMENT HOUSE UTILITARI- ANISM" 249 3.2.6 - LIBERAL EQUALITY AND THE
COMPENSATION FOR INEQUALITIES 250 3.2.6.1 - RAWLS' THEORY 250 3.2.6.1.1
- RAWLS' FIRST PRINCIPLE (EQUAL RIGHT TO LIBERTY) 250 3.2.6.1.2 - RAWLS'
SECOND PRINCIPLE (OR DIFFERENCE PRINCIPLE) 250 3.2.6.1.3 - RAWLS' RULE
OFTHE PRIORITY OFLIBERTY (FIRST PRIORITY RULE) 254 X CONTENLS 3.2.6.1.4
- RAWLS' RULE OFTHE PRIORITY OF JUSTICE (SECOND PRIOR- ITY RULE) 254
3.2.6.2 - DWORKIN'S THEORY 256 3.2.6.3 - OTHER VIEWS ON THE COMPENSATION
FOR INEQUALITIES 257 3.2.7 - LIBERTARIANISM 259 3.2.8 - COMMUNISM AND
MARXIST THEORIES 266 3.2.8.1 - CLASSIC COMMUNISM AND HISTORICAL
MATERIALISM: THE CORE OF THE THEORY 266 3.2.8.1.1- SOCIALIZATION OFTHE
MEANS OFPRODUCTION 268 3.2.8.1.2 - THE ALLEGED ABUNDANCE OF RESOURCES
AND THE NEED FOR JUSTICE 272 3.2.8.2 - "EXPLOITATION" VERSUS "JUST
DISTRIBUTION" 272 3.2.8.2.1 - ON THE EXISTENCE AND NATURE OFTHE "SURPLUS
VALUE" 273 3.2.8.2.2 - TRANSFER OFTHE "SURPLUS VALUE" 277 3.2.8.3 -
ALIENATION 278 3.2.8.4 - ANALYTICAL MARXISM AND NON-MARXIST THEORIES OF
SOCIAL- ISM 280 3.2.9 - COMMUNITARIANISM 280 3.2.10 - POLITICAL
LIBERALISM AND LIBERAL NATIONALISM 283 3.2.10.1 - POLITICAL LIBERALISM
283 3.2.10.2 - LIBERAL NATIONALISM 285 3.2.11 - CITIZENSHIP THEORY 287
3.2.11.1 - CITIZENSHIP THEORY AND CIVIC VIRTUES 287 3.2.11.2 - CIVIC
REPUBLICANISM 290 3.2.11.3 - TEACHING AND LEAMING CIVIC VIRTUES 290
3.2.12-MULTICULTURALISM 292 3.2.13 - FEMINISM 298 3.2.14 - OTHER ISSUES
301 3.2.14.1 - ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 301 3.2.14.2 - REBELLION 302 3.3 -
DIFFICUL T MORAL CHOICES IN PUBLICLIFE 304 3.3.1 - GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS 304 3.3.2 - VIEWS ABOUT DIRTY HANDS CASES 307 3.3.2.1 -
DIRTY-HANDS CASES IN NON-DEMOCRATIC NON- CONSTITUTIONAL (OLD AND MODEM)
STATES 307 3.3.2.2 - DIRTY-HANDS CASES IN MODEM DEMOCRATIC
CONSTITUTIONAL STATES 309 3.3.2.2.1 - DIRTY HANDS AND DEMOCRACY 309
3.3.2.2.2 - THE ALLEGED JUSTIFICATION OFDIRTY HANDS 313 3.3.2.2.3 -
AGAINST DIRTY HANDS 317 3.3.2.2.4 - COMMENTS ON THE CORRUPTION IN
POLITICAL LIFE 322 3.4 - INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 325 CONTENTS XI 3.4.1
-GENERAL CONCEPTS AND ETHICAL ISSUES 325 3.4.1.1 - GENERAL CONCEPTS 325
3.4.1.2 - ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 327 3.4.1.2.1 -
ETHICS IN THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY 327 3.4.1.2.2 - REMARKS ON WAR 329
3.4.2 - CLASSICAL THEORIES ON INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 331 3.4.2.1 - LEGAL
POSITIVISM 331 3.4.2.2 - NATURAL LAW 333 3.4.2.3 - KANTIANISM 334
3.4.2.4 - CONTRACTARIAN THOUGHT 337 3.4.2.5 - THE COSMOPOLITAN
CONCEPTION (COSMOPOLITANISM) 338 CHAPTER 4 - PUBLIE ETHIES AND
PHILOSOPHY OF LAW 345 4.1- A NEW CONCEPTION OF LA WS 345 4.1.1 - LAWS AS
UNIVERSAL AND COLLECTIVE PROJECTS 345 4.1.1.1 - DEFMING LAWS 345 4.1.1.2
- CRITERIA FOR THE JUDGMENT OF LAWS 347 4.1.1.2.1 - THE VALUE CRITERION
347 4.1.1.2.2 - THE SPECIFIC JUDGMENT CRITERIA 348 4.1.1.3 - THE
TWO-FOLD NATURE AND THE BINDING FORCE OFLAWS 348 4.1.1.3.1 - THE
TWO-FOLD NATURE OF LAWS 348 4.1.1.3.2 - VALIDITY, EFFICACIOUSNESS, AND
BINDING FORCE OF LAWS 350 4.1.1.4 - RE-DEFINITION OFLAWS 354 4.1.2 -
LAWS AND RIGHTS IN A DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTIONAL STATE 355 4.1.2.1 - LAWS
IN A DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTIONAL STATE 355 4.1.2.2 - DUTIES AS THE SOURCE
OF RIGHTS IN A DEMOCRATIC CONSTITU- TIONAL STATE 358 4.1.2.3 - NORMS,
LAWS, RULES, AND COMMANDS 359 4.2 - LEGAL THEORIES: CRLTIQUE AND
REINTERPRETATION 366 4.2.1 - NATURAL LAW THEORY 366 4.2.1.1 - CLASSICAL
VIEWS ON NATURAL LAW 366 4.2.1.2 - MODEM VIEWS ON NATURAL LAW 368
4.2.1.2.1 - THE ETHICAL BASIS OF LAW 368 4.2.1.2.2 - POLITICAL
OBLIGATION (REASONS TO OBEY THE LAW) 370 4.2.1.2.3 -INTERPRETATION
OF"PRIOR LAW" 371 4.2.2 - LEGAL POSITIVISM 373 4.2.2.1 - LAWS AS ORDERS
BACKED BY THREATS 373 4.2.2.2 - THE INTERNAL VIEW OFLAWS 376 4.2.2.3 -
THE SYSTEM OFPRIMARY AND SECONDARY RULES 378 4.2.2.3.1 - THE DISTINCTION
OFPRIMARY FROM SECONDARY RULES 378 4.2.2.3.2 - THE NATURE OFSECONDARY
RULES (RULES OFRECOGNI- TION) 380 4.2.2.4 - LAWS AND MORALS 386 XII
CONTENTS 4.2.2.4.1 - THE "MINIMUM CONTENT OFNATURAL LAW" THEORY 386
4.2.2.4.2 - OTHER VIEWS ON THE LAW-TO-MORALITY RELATIONSHIP 388 4.2.2.5
- DWORKIN'S RULES, PRINCIPLES, AND POLICIES 391 4.2.3 - THE
INDETERMINACY OFLAW: LEGAL FORMALISM AND LEGAL REAL- ISM 394 4.2.3.1 -
LEGAL FORMALISM 395 4.2.3.1.1 - THE THESIS OFLEGAL FORMALISM 395
4.2.3.1.2 - LEGAL FORMALISM AND THE INDIVIDUALITY OF JUDGES 397 4.2.3.2
- LEGAL REALISM (RULE-SKEPTICISM) 398 4.2.3.2.1 - THE THESIS OF LEGAL
REALISM: JUDGES AS LAWMAKERS 398 4.2.3.2.2 - LEGAL REALISM AND THE
BINDING CHARACTER OF"RULES" 403 4.2.3.2.3 - LEGAL REALISM AND THE
INTERNAL VIEW OFLAWS 405 4.2.3.2.4 - LEGAL REALISM AND THE "FINAL"
DECISIONS 406 4.2.3.2.5 - THE ULTIMATE CRITERIA OF LEGAL VALIDITY 406
4.2.4 - OTHER LEGAL THEORIES 409 4.2.4.1 - KANTIANISM 409 4.2.4.2 -
CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES 411 4.2.4.3 - THE RULE OF LAW 413 4.2.5 - LAW AND
ECONOMICS 415 4.2.6 - CONSTITUTIONALISM 423 4.2.6.1 - MORAL PHILOSOPHY
AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 423 4.2.6.2 - THE NATURE AND FUNCTION
OFCONSTITUTION 428 4.2.6.2.1 - THE CONSTITUTION AND THE HIERARCHY
OF"POWERS" 428 4.2.6.2.2 - THE CONSTITUTION AND THE HIERARCHY OF LAWS
429 4.2.6.3 - THE ONTOLOGICAL BASIS OFTHE SEPARATION OF"POWERS" 429
4.2.6.4 - DIFFERENT CONSTITUTIONS 433 4.3 - ADJUDICATION 435 4.3.1 -
DEFINING ADJUDICATION 435 4.3 .1.1 - ADJUDICATION BY TRIAL AND APPELLATE
COURTS 435 4.3 .1.2 - CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINT AND JUDICIAL REVIEW 440
4.3.1.2.1 - THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINT 441 4.3.1.2.2 - THE JUDICIAL
REVIEW 443 4.3.2 - SANCTIONS AND PUNISHMENT 445 4.3.3 - INTERNATIONAL
AND SUPRA-NATIONAL LAWS 449 CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUDING REMARKS REFERENCES
INDEX 453 457 483 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Belfiore, Francesco |
| author_facet | Belfiore, Francesco |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Belfiore, Francesco |
| author_variant | f b fb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022396352 |
| callnumber-first | B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion |
| callnumber-label | BJ1012 |
| callnumber-raw | BJ1012 |
| callnumber-search | BJ1012 |
| callnumber-sort | BJ 41012 |
| callnumber-subject | BJ - Ethics |
| classification_rvk | CC 7200 CC 7600 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)104799879 (DE-599)BVBBV022396352 |
| dewey-full | 195 170 |
| dewey-hundreds | 100 - Philosophy & psychology |
| dewey-ones | 195 - Philosophy of Italy 170 - Ethics (Moral philosophy) |
| dewey-raw | 195 170 |
| dewey-search | 195 170 |
| dewey-sort | 3195 |
| dewey-tens | 190 - Modern western philosophy 170 - Ethics (Moral philosophy) |
| discipline | Philosophie |
| discipline_str_mv | Philosophie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV022396352 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:16:40Z |
| indexdate | 2024-09-23T16:10:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0761836667 9780761836667 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015605090 |
| oclc_num | 104799879 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-29 |
| physical | XIX, 509 S. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Univ. Press of America |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Belfiore, Francesco Verfasser aut The ontological foundation of ethics, politics, and law Francesco Belfiore Lanham, Md. [u.a.] Univ. Press of America 2007 XIX, 509 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Philosophie Politische Wissenschaft Recht Ethics Law Philosophy Political science Philosophy Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd rswk-swf Politische Philosophie (DE-588)4076226-9 gnd rswk-swf Rechtsphilosophie (DE-588)4048821-4 gnd rswk-swf Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 s DE-604 Politische Philosophie (DE-588)4076226-9 s Rechtsphilosophie (DE-588)4048821-4 s V:DE-604 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015605090&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Belfiore, Francesco The ontological foundation of ethics, politics, and law Philosophie Politische Wissenschaft Recht Ethics Law Philosophy Political science Philosophy Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd Politische Philosophie (DE-588)4076226-9 gnd Rechtsphilosophie (DE-588)4048821-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4015602-3 (DE-588)4076226-9 (DE-588)4048821-4 |
| title | The ontological foundation of ethics, politics, and law |
| title_auth | The ontological foundation of ethics, politics, and law |
| title_exact_search | The ontological foundation of ethics, politics, and law |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The ontological foundation of ethics, politics, and law |
| title_full | The ontological foundation of ethics, politics, and law Francesco Belfiore |
| title_fullStr | The ontological foundation of ethics, politics, and law Francesco Belfiore |
| title_full_unstemmed | The ontological foundation of ethics, politics, and law Francesco Belfiore |
| title_short | The ontological foundation of ethics, politics, and law |
| title_sort | the ontological foundation of ethics politics and law |
| topic | Philosophie Politische Wissenschaft Recht Ethics Law Philosophy Political science Philosophy Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd Politische Philosophie (DE-588)4076226-9 gnd Rechtsphilosophie (DE-588)4048821-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Philosophie Politische Wissenschaft Recht Ethics Law Philosophy Political science Philosophy Ethik Politische Philosophie Rechtsphilosophie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015605090&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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