Representative government in modern Europe: [institutions, parties, and governments]
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston [u.a.]
McGraw-Hill
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed., internat. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Higher Education
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Incl. bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 482 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780071244435 0071244433 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Representative government in modern Europe |b [institutions, parties, and governments] |c Michael Gallagher ; Michael Laver ; Peter Mair |
| 250 | |a 4. ed., internat. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boston [u.a.] |b McGraw-Hill |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 482 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Political parties |z Europe |v Case studies | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Representative government in modern Europe
Autor: Gallagher, Michael
Jahr: 2006
Contents
^
List of Tables and Figures vii
About the Authors ix
Preface xi
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1
Our Approach 2
Modern Europe 3
Plan of Campaign 4
A Hundred Years of European History 6
The Vital Statistics 13
Appendix: Using the Internet and Other
Resources to Keep Up with Changes in
European Politics 22
CHAPTER 2 The Executive 24
Presidential and Parliamentary Government 24
The Head of State 25
Semi-Presidentialism in France 26
Directly Elected Presidents 29
Indirectly Elected Presidents 31
Monarehs 32
The Prime Minister 35
The Cabinet 40
Junior Ministers 44
The Making and Breaking of Governments 44
Parliamentary Democracy and Legislative
Majorities 44
Heads of State and Formateurs 47
Choosing Cabinet Ministers 50
Investiture 52
Defeat and Resignation 53
Putting It All Together 54
References 55
CHAPTER 3 Parliaments 57
Parliaments and Governments 57
The Roles of Parliaments 60
Appointing and Dismissing Governments 60
Parliaments and Lawmaking 61
Parliaments and Oversight of Government 66
Parliaments and Parties 70
Voters Vote for Parties 72
Parliamentarians and Party Discipline 73
Parliamentarians and Constituency
Representation 74
European Parliaments: One Chamber or
Two? 76
The Significance of Parliaments:
An Assessment 81
References 82
CHAPTER4
Constitutions, Judges,
and Politics 86
European Constitutions 87
The Origins of Constitutions 87
Constitutional Traditions 89
Amending a Constitution 90
iii
IV
Contents
Judicial Review 93
Strong Judicial Review 94
Weak Judicial Review 101
The Appointment of Judges 105
Constitutional Courts 105
The Court System 106
Judges and Lawmaking 107
Conclusion: Judges and Representative
Government 110
References 112
CHAPTER 5 The European Union and
Representative
Government 115
The Development of European Unity 116
How the European Union Works 119
The Commission 120
The European Parliament 123
The Council of the European Union 129
The European Council 132
The Court of Justice 133
What Does the European Union Do? 136
Single Market and Single Currency 136
A People s Europe 137
Agriculture 139
The European Union: Intergovernmental or
Supranational Organization? 143
The Future of the European Union 145
EU Enlargement 145
EU Integration 145
The Institutional Framework 147
Representative Government and the
Democratic Deficit 148
References 150
CHAPTER 6 Levels of Governance 154
Politicians and the Civil Service 155
Civil Service Cultures 157
The PohtiazatioH of Senior Bureaucrats 159
Conclusion: The Increasing Accountability of
Public Servants? 163
Levels of Governance 164
Federal Government in Modern
Europe 164
Federal Government in Switzerland 165
Federal Government in Germany 167
Decisions Against Federalism in
Eastern Europe 169
The Growing Importance of Regional
Government 170
Regional Government in Spain 170
The Devolution of Power in the
United Kingdom 171
Local Government 173
The Structure of Local Government 174
The Functions, Finances, and Autonomy of local
Government 176
Popular Participation in Local Decisions 182
Conclusions 184
References 185
CHAPTER 7 Patterns in Party
Politics and Party
Systems 187
Nine European Party Systems 187
Party Politics in the United Kingdom 187
Party Politics in Sweden 192
Party Politics in Germany 194
Party Politics in the Netherlands 199
Party Politics in Italy 202
Party Politics in France 206
Party Politics in Spain 209
Party Politics in Latvia 212
Party Politics in Poland 216
The Diversity of Modern European Party
Politics 221
Left and Right 222
Postcommunist Patterns 225
References 227
Contents
CHAPTER 8 Party Families 230
Families of the Left 231
The Social Democrats 231
The Communists 235
The New Left 237
Green Parties 239
Families of the Center and Right 241
The Christian Democrats 241
The Conservatives 245
The Liberals 247
The Agrarian or Center Parties 250
The Far Right 252
Other Parties 254
Party Families in Postcommunist Europe 256
References 260
CHAPTER 9 Cleavage Structures and
Electoral Change 263
The Meaning of Cleavage 264
Traditional Cleavage Structures 265
The Center-Periphery Cleavage 265
The Church-State Cleavage 266
The Rural-Urban Cleavage 267
The Class Cleavage 268
The Interaction of Different Cleavages 269
The Persistence of Cleavages and the Freezing
of Party Systems 272
From Persistence to Change 275
Change in European Cleavage Structures and
Electoral Behavior 277
Changing Social Structure 277
Changing Voting Behavior 279
Change Toward What? 283
Toward Realignment? 284
Toward Dealignment? 288
Evaluating Change and Stability in Western
Europe 296
Parties and Voters in Postcommunist
Europe 298
East Versus West, or East and West? 302
References 303
CHAPTER 10 Inside European Political
Parties 307
What Do Parties Do? 307
Basic Party Organization 309
Party Membership 309
Who Becomes a Party Member? 309
The Activities of Party Members 314
Power Within Parties 318
The Party Manifesto and Program 319
Election of the Party Leader 320
Selection of Parliamentary Candidates 321
Sources of Party Finance 327
The Changing Shape of European Parties 330
The Future of European Parties 333
References 335
[ CHAPTER 11 Elections, Electoral Systems,
^?¦y and Referendums 340
Who Votes? 341
When Do People Vote? 341
Types of Electoral System 342
Plurality and Majority Systems 343
Proportional Representation 351
List Systems 353
Mixed Systems 355
Thresholds 357
Which Candidates Get the List Seats? 357
The Single Transferable Vote 359
Why Electoral Systems Matter 363
Proportionality 363
The Number of Parties 363
Coalition or Single-Party Government? 367
The Backgrounds of Parliamentarians 370
Referendums 371
Conclusion 376
References 377
Contents
CHAPTER 12 Building and Maintaining a
Government 381
Government Formation 383
Office-Seeking Politicians? 384
Policy-Oriented Politicians? 385
Office-Seeking Politicians and Minimal Winning
Governments 385
Policy-Oriented Politicians and Ideologically
Compact Governments 387
Minority Governments 388
Surplus Majority Governments 391
A Minimal Winning Cabinet in Germany 393
Minority Cabinets in Norway 395
Surplus Majority Cabinets in Italy 397
Types of Government in Modern Europe 400
The Allocation of Cabinet Portfolios 403
Proportional Cabinet Payoffs in France 404
Qualitative Portfolio Payoffs in Germany 405
Cabinet Portfolios and Government Policy 407
The Stability of European Governments 409
Cabinet Attributes and Cabinet Stability 412
System Attributes and Cabinet Duration 413
Government Stability and Political Events 415
Conclusion 418
References 419
CHAPTER 13 Does Representative
Government Make a
Difference? 422
Clear-Cut Cases of Policy Impact 426
The Privatization of State Assets in Britain and
Eastern Europe 426
The Withdrawal of Spanish Troops from Iraq 428
Party Manifestos and Government Policy
Programs 429
Redeeming Campaign Pledges 430
Party Government and Public Spending 433
Differences Between Countries 433
Differences Within Countries 435
Beyond Public Spending 437
So, Does Politics Make a Difference? 438
References 439
CHAPTER 14 Politics Outside
Parliament 441
Corporatism 441
The Corporatist Model 441
Corporatism in Austria 445
Tripartism and Social Partners 447
Tripartism in Eastern Europe 448
The Decline of Corporatism? 449
Pluralism 450
Pluralism in Britain 452
Pluralism in Action: The Women s
Movement 453
Pluralism in Action: The Environmental
Movement 454
New Social Movements 456
The New Pluralism? Policy Networks 457
Policy Networks in Action: Doctors 459
Policy Networks in Action: Farmers 460
Conclusion 462
References 463
Index 466
|
| adam_txt |
Titel: Representative government in modern Europe
Autor: Gallagher, Michael
Jahr: 2006
Contents
^
List of Tables and Figures vii
About the Authors ix
Preface xi
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1
Our Approach 2
Modern Europe 3
Plan of Campaign 4
A Hundred Years of European History 6
The Vital Statistics 13
Appendix: Using the Internet and Other
Resources to Keep Up with Changes in
European Politics 22
CHAPTER 2 The Executive 24
Presidential and Parliamentary Government 24
The Head of State 25
Semi-Presidentialism in France 26
Directly Elected Presidents 29
Indirectly Elected Presidents 31
Monarehs 32
The Prime Minister 35
The Cabinet 40
Junior Ministers 44
The Making and Breaking of Governments 44
Parliamentary Democracy and Legislative
Majorities 44
Heads of State and Formateurs 47
Choosing Cabinet Ministers 50
Investiture 52
Defeat and Resignation 53
Putting It All Together 54
References 55
CHAPTER 3 Parliaments 57
Parliaments and Governments 57
The Roles of Parliaments 60
Appointing and Dismissing Governments 60
Parliaments and Lawmaking 61
Parliaments and Oversight of Government 66
Parliaments and Parties 70
Voters Vote for Parties 72
Parliamentarians and Party Discipline 73
Parliamentarians and Constituency
Representation 74
European Parliaments: One Chamber or
Two? 76
The Significance of Parliaments:
An Assessment 81
References 82
CHAPTER4
Constitutions, Judges,
and Politics 86
European Constitutions 87
The Origins of Constitutions 87
Constitutional Traditions 89
Amending a Constitution 90
iii
IV
Contents
Judicial Review 93
Strong Judicial Review 94
Weak Judicial Review 101
The Appointment of Judges 105
Constitutional Courts 105
The Court System 106
Judges and Lawmaking 107
Conclusion: Judges and Representative
Government 110
References 112
CHAPTER 5 The European Union and
Representative
Government 115
The Development of European Unity 116
How the European Union Works 119
The Commission 120
The European Parliament 123
The Council of the European Union 129
The European Council 132
The Court of Justice 133
What Does the European Union Do? 136
Single Market and Single Currency 136
A People's Europe 137
Agriculture 139
The European Union: Intergovernmental or
Supranational Organization? 143
The Future of the European Union 145
EU Enlargement 145
EU Integration 145
The Institutional Framework 147
Representative Government and the
"Democratic Deficit" 148
References 150
CHAPTER 6 Levels of Governance 154
Politicians and the Civil Service 155
Civil Service Cultures 157
The PohtiazatioH of Senior Bureaucrats 159
Conclusion: The Increasing Accountability of
Public Servants? 163
Levels of Governance 164
Federal Government in Modern
Europe 164
Federal Government in Switzerland 165
Federal Government in Germany 167
Decisions Against Federalism in
Eastern Europe 169
The Growing Importance of Regional
Government 170
Regional Government in Spain 170
The "Devolution" of Power in the
United Kingdom 171
Local Government 173
The Structure of Local Government 174
The Functions, Finances, and Autonomy of local
Government 176
Popular Participation in Local Decisions 182
Conclusions 184
References 185
CHAPTER 7 Patterns in Party
Politics and Party
Systems 187
Nine European Party Systems 187
Party Politics in the United Kingdom 187
Party Politics in Sweden 192
Party Politics in Germany 194
Party Politics in the Netherlands 199
Party Politics in Italy 202
Party Politics in France 206
Party Politics in Spain 209
Party Politics in Latvia 212
Party Politics in Poland 216
The Diversity of Modern European Party
Politics 221
Left and Right 222
Postcommunist Patterns 225
References 227
Contents
CHAPTER 8 Party Families 230
Families of the Left 231
The Social Democrats 231
The Communists 235
The New Left 237
Green Parties 239
Families of the Center and Right 241
The Christian Democrats 241
The Conservatives 245
The Liberals 247
The Agrarian or Center Parties 250
The Far Right 252
Other Parties 254
Party Families in Postcommunist Europe 256
References 260
CHAPTER 9 Cleavage Structures and
Electoral Change 263
The Meaning of Cleavage 264
Traditional Cleavage Structures 265
The Center-Periphery Cleavage 265
The Church-State Cleavage 266
The Rural-Urban Cleavage 267
The Class Cleavage 268
The Interaction of Different Cleavages 269
The Persistence of Cleavages and the Freezing
of Party Systems 272
From Persistence to Change 275
Change in European Cleavage Structures and
Electoral Behavior 277
Changing Social Structure 277
Changing Voting Behavior 279
Change Toward What? 283
Toward Realignment? 284
Toward Dealignment? 288
Evaluating Change and Stability in Western
Europe 296
Parties and Voters in Postcommunist
Europe 298
East Versus West, or East and West? 302
References 303
CHAPTER 10 Inside European Political
Parties 307
What Do Parties Do? 307
Basic Party Organization 309
Party Membership 309
Who Becomes a Party Member? 309
The Activities of Party Members 314
Power Within Parties 318
The Party Manifesto and Program 319
Election of the Party Leader 320
Selection of Parliamentary Candidates 321
Sources of Party Finance 327
The Changing Shape of European Parties 330
The Future of European Parties 333
References 335
[ CHAPTER 11 Elections, Electoral Systems,
^?¦y and Referendums 340
Who Votes? 341
When Do People Vote? 341
Types of Electoral System 342
Plurality and Majority Systems 343
Proportional Representation 351
List Systems 353
Mixed Systems 355
Thresholds 357
Which Candidates Get the List Seats? 357
The Single Transferable Vote 359
Why Electoral Systems Matter 363
Proportionality 363
The Number of Parties 363
Coalition or Single-Party Government? 367
The Backgrounds of Parliamentarians 370
Referendums 371
Conclusion 376
References 377
Contents
CHAPTER 12 Building and Maintaining a
Government 381
Government Formation 383
Office-Seeking Politicians? 384
Policy-Oriented Politicians? 385
Office-Seeking Politicians and "Minimal Winning"
Governments 385
Policy-Oriented Politicians and Ideologically
Compact Governments 387
Minority Governments 388
Surplus Majority Governments 391
A Minimal Winning Cabinet in Germany 393
Minority Cabinets in Norway 395
Surplus Majority Cabinets in Italy 397
Types of Government in Modern Europe 400
The Allocation of Cabinet Portfolios 403
Proportional Cabinet Payoffs in France 404
Qualitative Portfolio Payoffs in Germany 405
Cabinet Portfolios and Government Policy 407
The Stability of European Governments 409
Cabinet Attributes and Cabinet Stability 412
System Attributes and Cabinet Duration 413
Government Stability and Political Events 415
Conclusion 418
References 419
CHAPTER 13 Does Representative
Government Make a
Difference? 422
Clear-Cut Cases of Policy Impact 426
The Privatization of State Assets in Britain and
Eastern Europe 426
The Withdrawal of Spanish Troops from Iraq 428
Party Manifestos and Government Policy
Programs 429
Redeeming Campaign Pledges 430
Party Government and Public Spending 433
Differences Between Countries 433
Differences Within Countries 435
Beyond Public Spending 437
So, Does Politics Make a Difference? 438
References 439
CHAPTER 14 Politics Outside
Parliament 441
Corporatism 441
The Corporatist Model 441
"Corporatism" in Austria 445
Tripartism and Social Partners 447
Tripartism in Eastern Europe 448
The Decline of Corporatism? 449
Pluralism 450
"Pluralism" in Britain 452
Pluralism in Action: The Women's
Movement 453
Pluralism in Action: The Environmental
Movement 454
New Social Movements 456
The New Pluralism? Policy Networks 457
Policy Networks in Action: Doctors 459
Policy Networks in Action: Farmers 460
Conclusion 462
References 463
Index 466 |
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| edition | 4. ed., internat. ed. |
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| genre | (DE-588)4522595-3 Fallstudiensammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Fallstudiensammlung |
| geographic | Pays de l'Union européenne - Politique et gouvernement - 1993-... ram Europa Europe Politics and government 1945- Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Pays de l'Union européenne - Politique et gouvernement - 1993-... Europa Europe Politics and government 1945- |
| id | DE-604.BV022391801 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:15:04Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:56:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780071244435 0071244433 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015600618 |
| oclc_num | 493257679 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-29 DE-739 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-29 DE-739 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | XIII, 482 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | McGraw-Hill |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Higher Education |
| spelling | Gallagher, Michael 1951- Verfasser (DE-588)171041585 aut Representative government in modern Europe [institutions, parties, and governments] Michael Gallagher ; Michael Laver ; Peter Mair 4. ed., internat. ed. Boston [u.a.] McGraw-Hill 2006 XIII, 482 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Higher Education Incl. bibliographical references and index Partis politiques - Pays de l'Union européenne - 1990-... ram Régime représentatif - Pays de l'Union européenne - 1990-... ram Politik Representative government and representation Europe Case studies Political parties Europe Case studies Regierung (DE-588)4049012-9 gnd rswk-swf Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd rswk-swf Pays de l'Union européenne - Politique et gouvernement - 1993-... ram Europa Europe Politics and government 1945- Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4522595-3 Fallstudiensammlung gnd-content Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 g Regierung (DE-588)4049012-9 s DE-604 Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 s 1\p DE-604 Laver, Michael 1949- Verfasser (DE-588)122708601 aut Mair, Peter 1951-2011 Verfasser (DE-588)129553476 aut http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0624/2005047861-t.html Table of contents HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015600618&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Gallagher, Michael 1951- Laver, Michael 1949- Mair, Peter 1951-2011 Representative government in modern Europe [institutions, parties, and governments] Partis politiques - Pays de l'Union européenne - 1990-... ram Régime représentatif - Pays de l'Union européenne - 1990-... ram Politik Representative government and representation Europe Case studies Political parties Europe Case studies Regierung (DE-588)4049012-9 gnd Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4049012-9 (DE-588)4046584-6 (DE-588)4015701-5 (DE-588)4522595-3 |
| title | Representative government in modern Europe [institutions, parties, and governments] |
| title_auth | Representative government in modern Europe [institutions, parties, and governments] |
| title_exact_search | Representative government in modern Europe [institutions, parties, and governments] |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Representative government in modern Europe [institutions, parties, and governments] |
| title_full | Representative government in modern Europe [institutions, parties, and governments] Michael Gallagher ; Michael Laver ; Peter Mair |
| title_fullStr | Representative government in modern Europe [institutions, parties, and governments] Michael Gallagher ; Michael Laver ; Peter Mair |
| title_full_unstemmed | Representative government in modern Europe [institutions, parties, and governments] Michael Gallagher ; Michael Laver ; Peter Mair |
| title_short | Representative government in modern Europe |
| title_sort | representative government in modern europe institutions parties and governments |
| title_sub | [institutions, parties, and governments] |
| topic | Partis politiques - Pays de l'Union européenne - 1990-... ram Régime représentatif - Pays de l'Union européenne - 1990-... ram Politik Representative government and representation Europe Case studies Political parties Europe Case studies Regierung (DE-588)4049012-9 gnd Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Partis politiques - Pays de l'Union européenne - 1990-... Régime représentatif - Pays de l'Union européenne - 1990-... Politik Representative government and representation Europe Case studies Political parties Europe Case studies Regierung Politisches System Pays de l'Union européenne - Politique et gouvernement - 1993-... Europa Europe Politics and government 1945- Fallstudiensammlung |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0624/2005047861-t.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015600618&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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