X-ray scattering of soft matter:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2007
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Springer laboratory manuals in polymer science
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 238 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9783540698555 9783540698562 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Stribeck, Norbert |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a X-ray scattering of soft matter |c Norbert Stribeck |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XX, 238 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Springer laboratory manuals in polymer science | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Matière molle (Physique) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Rayons X - Diffusion | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soft condensed matter | |
| 650 | 4 | |a X-rays |x Scattering | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m DNB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015596522&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805088882336727040 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 POLYDISPERSITY AND HETEROGENEITY 1
1
.
1 S
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G
,
P
O
L
Y
D
I
S
P
E
R
S
I
T
YA
N
DMA
T
E
R
I
A
L
SPR
O
P
E
R
T
I
E
S . 1
1
.
2 DI
S
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
NF
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
SA
N
DPH
Y
S
I
C
A
L
P
A
R
A
ME
T
E
R
S . 2
1
.
2
.
1 TH
ENU
MB
E
RMO
L
E
C
U
L
A
R
MA
S
SDI
S
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
N. 2
1
.
2
.
2 TH
ENU
MB
E
RAV
E
R
A
G
EMO
L
E
C
U
L
A
R
MA
S
S. 3
1
.
3 MO
ME
N
T
S . 4
2 GENERAL BACKGROUND 7
2
.
1 TH
ES
U
B
A
R
E
A
SO
FX-
RA
YSC
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G . 7
2
.
2 X-
RA
Y
SA
N
DMA
T
T
E
R . 8
2
.
2
.
1 GE
N
E
R
A
L. 8
2
.
2
.
2 P
O
L
A
R
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N. 8
2.2.2.1 POLARIZATION FACTOR OF A LABORATORY SOURCE . . . . 9
2
.
2
.
2
.
2 S
Y
N
C
H
R
O
T
R
O
NBE
A
MP
O
L
A
R
I
Z
A
T
I
O
NF
A
C
T
O
R . 9
2
.
2
.
3 CO
MP
T
O
NS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G . 1
0
2
.
2
.
4 F
L
U
O
R
E
S
C
E
N
C
E . 1
0
2
.
3 CL
A
S
S
I
C
A
LX-
RA
YSE
T
U
P . 1
1
2
.
4 S
-
S
P
A
C
EA
N
DQ
-
S
P
A
C
E . 1
1
2
.
5 S
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
YA
N
DSA
MP
L
ES
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E . 1
3
2
.
5
.
1 LA
Y
-
OU
T
O
FT
H
EMA
G
I
CS
Q
U
A
R
E . 1
4
2
.
5
.
2 AN
A
L
Y
S
I
SOP
T
I
O
N
S*EX
A
MP
L
EF
O
R
S
AXSDA
T
A . 1
4
2.5.3 PARAMETERS, FUNCTIONS AND OPERATIONS IN THE MAGIC SQUARE . 15
2
.
5
.
4 CO
N
V
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
,
CO
R
R
E
L
A
T
I
O
NA
N
DAU
T
O
C
O
R
R
E
L
A
T
I
O
N. 1
6
2
.
6 P
O
L
Y
D
I
S
P
E
R
S
I
T
YA
N
DS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y. 1
8
2
.
7 AGL
A
N
C
EA
TT
H
EMA
T
H
E
MA
T
I
C
A
L
LA
B
O
R
A
T
O
R
YO
FS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G. 2
1
2
.
7
.
1 TH
ES
L
I
C
E . 2
2
2
.
7
.
2 TH
EP
R
O
J
E
C
T
I
O
N . 2
3
2
.
7
.
3 F
O
U
R
I
E
R
S
L
I
C
ETH
E
O
R
E
M . 2
3
2
.
7
.
4 F
O
U
R
I
E
R
DE
R
I
V
A
T
I
V
ETH
E
O
R
E
M . 2
3
2
.
7
.
5 BR
E
A
D
T
HTH
E
O
R
E
M. 2
4
2
.
7
.
6 DI
L
A
T
I
O
NAN
DRE
C
I
P
R
O
C
I
T
Y. 2
4
2.7.7 D
IRAC
'S
*
-
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N . 2
5
2
.
7
.
8 CO
N
V
O
L
U
T
I
O
NTH
E
O
R
E
M . 2
5
2
.
7
.
9 BA
N
D
L
I
MI
T
E
DFU
N
C
T
I
O
N
S. 2
5
2
.
8 HO
WT
OCO
L
L
E
C
TCO
MP
L
E
T
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GPA
T
T
E
R
N
S . 2
6
XVI
2
.
8
.
1 I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G. 2
6
2
.
8
.
2 AN
I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G . 2
6
2
.
8
.
2
.
1 S
I
N
G
L
ECR
Y
S
T
A
LAN
I
S
O
T
R
O
P
Y. 2
6
2
.
8
.
2
.
2 F
I
B
E
RS
Y
MME
T
R
Y. 2
7
2
.
9 AP
P
L
I
C
A
T
I
O
NO
FDI
G
I
T
A
L
I
MA
G
EP
R
O
C
E
S
S
I
N
G(
DI
) . 2
9
2
.
9
.
1 DIA
N
DT
H
EAN
A
L
Y
S
I
SO
FS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GPA
T
T
E
R
N
S. 2
9
2.9.2 A SCATTERING PATTERN IS A MATRIX OF NUMBERS, NOT A PHOTO . 30
2.9.3 HOW TO UTILIZE DI . 3
0
2.9.4 CONCEPTS OF DI THAT EASE THE ANALYSIS OF SCATTERING IMAGES . 30
2
.
9
.
4
.
1 TH
EP
A
R
A
D
I
G
M:
AR
I
T
H
ME
T
I
C
SWI
T
HMA
T
R
I
C
E
S . 3
0
2
.
9
.
4
.
2 S
U
B
MA
T
R
I
XRA
N
K
I
N
GOP
E
R
A
T
O
R
S. 3
1
2.9.4.3 PRIMITIVE OPERATORS: ERODE, MEDIAN, AND DILATE . 31
2
.
9
.
4
.
4 CO
MB
I
N
E
DOP
E
R
A
T
O
R
S
:
OP
E
N
I
N
G&CL
O
S
I
N
G . 3
2
3 TYPICAL PROBLEMS FOR ANALYSIS BY X-RAY SCATTERING 33
3.1 EVERYDAY INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS . . . 3
3
3
.
2 ATT
H
EF
R
O
N
T
O
FI
N
N
O
V
A
T
I
O
N . 3
4
3
.
2
.
1 WE
BRE
S
O
U
R
C
E
S. 3
4
3
.
2
.
2 F
I
E
L
D
SOFI
N
N
O
V
A
T
I
O
N . 3
4
3.2.2.1 VISUALIZE AND MODEL STRUCTURE AUTOMATICALLY . . 34
3
.
2
.
2
.
2 S
T
U
D
YGR
A
D
I
E
N
T
MA
T
E
R
I
A
L
S . 3
5
3
.
2
.
2
.
3 S
T
U
D
YTH
I
NF
I
L
MS . 3
5
3
.
2
.
2
.
4 S
T
U
D
YST
R
U
C
T
U
R
EEV
O
L
U
T
I
O
N. 3
5
4 EXPERIMENTAL OVERVIEW 37
4
.
1 TH
ES
H
A
P
EO
FT
H
EP
R
I
MA
R
YBE
A
M . 3
8
4.1.1 POINT FOCUS COLLIMATION . 3
8
4.1.2 SLIT FOCUS COLLIMATION . . 3
9
4
.
1
.
2
.
1 CO
MMO
NCA
ME
R
A
SA
N
DPR
O
P
E
R
T
I
E
S. 3
9
4
.
1
.
2
.
2 I
N
TH
N
I
T
ES
L
I
TLE
N
G
T
H. 3
9
4.1.2.3 A FIBER IN A SLIT-FOCUS CAMERA . . . 4
0
4.1.3 DESMEARING OF SLIT-FOCUS DATA . . . . . 4
0
4
.
1
.
4 S
ME
A
R
I
N
GO
FP
O
I
N
T
-
F
O
C
U
SDA
T
A. 4
1
4.2 SETUP OF POINT-COLLIMATION APPARATUS . . . . . 4
1
4
.
2
.
1 TH
ERA
D
I
A
T
I
O
NS
O
U
R
C
E. 4
2
4.2.1.1 ROTATING ANODE . . . . . . . 4
2
4
.
2
.
1
.
2 S
Y
N
C
H
R
O
T
R
O
NRA
D
I
A
T
I
O
N. 4
2
4
.
2
.
1
.
3 XF
EL:TH
EX-
RA
YFR
E
EEL
E
C
T
R
O
NLA
S
E
R. 4
4
4
.
2
.
2 BE
A
MAMP
L
I
TH
C
A
T
I
O
NB
YI
N
S
E
R
T
I
O
NDE
V
I
C
E
S. 4
6
4
.
2
.
3 BE
A
MS
H
A
P
I
N
GB
YOP
T
I
C
A
L
DE
V
I
C
E
S. 4
6
4
.
2
.
3
.
1 TH
EGOE
B
E
L
MI
R
R
O
R . 4
6
4.2.3.2 CONVENTIONAL SYNCHROTRON BEAMLINE OPTICS . . . 47
4.2.3.3 MICROBEAM OPTICS (WAVE-GUIDES, X-RAY LENSES) 47
4.2.3.4 NANOBEAM OPTICS (KIRKPATRICK-BAEZ MIRRORS) . . 48
4.2.3.5 BEAM-POSITION MONITORING . 5
0
LISTS
OF
SYMBOLS
AND ABBREVIATIONS XVII
4
.
2
.
3
.
6 S
H
U
T
T
E
R
S . 5
0
4.2.3.7 SLITS . . . . 5
0
4
.
2
.
3
.
8 S
T
A
B
I
L
I
Z
E
R
S . 5
1
4
.
2
.
3
.
9 AB
S
O
R
B
E
R
S . 5
1
4
.
2
.
4 TH
ES
A
MP
L
ERE
C
I
P
I
E
N
T . 5
1
4
.
2
.
4
.
1 OP
T
I
C
A
L
BE
N
C
HVS
.
DA
N
C
EF
L
O
O
R . 5
2
4
.
2
.
4
.
2 CH
A
MB
E
R
SF
O
RS
A
MP
L
EP
O
S
I
T
I
O
N
I
N
G. 5
2
4
.
2
.
4
.
3 RE
C
I
P
I
E
N
T
SF
O
RS
A
MP
L
EP
R
O
C
E
S
S
I
N
G. 5
3
4
.
2
.
5 DE
T
E
C
T
O
R
S . 5
3
4
.
2
.
5
.
1 CR
I
T
E
R
I
AF
O
RDE
T
E
C
T
O
R
P
E
R
F
O
R
MA
N
C
E. 5
3
4
.
2
.
5
.
2 CCDDE
T
E
C
T
O
R
S. 5
4
4
.
2
.
5
.
3 I
MA
G
EP
L
A
T
E
S. 5
5
4.2.5.4 GAS-FILLED DETECTORS . . . . 5
6
4
.
2
.
5
.
5 OT
H
E
RX-
RA
YDE
T
E
C
T
O
R
S . 5
7
4
.
2
.
5
.
6 DE
T
E
C
T
O
ROP
E
R
A
T
I
O
NMO
D
E
:
BI
N
N
I
N
G. 5
8
4
.
2
.
6 EX
P
E
R
I
ME
N
T
MO
N
I
T
O
R
S. 5
8
4
.
2
.
6
.
1 MO
N
I
T
O
R
I
N
G
,
J
O
U
R
N
A
L
I
N
G
,
CO
N
T
R
O
L. 5
8
4
.
2
.
6
.
2 BE
A
MI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
YMO
N
I
T
O
R
I
N
G . 5
9
4
.
3 DA
T
AAC
Q
U
I
S
I
T
I
O
N
,
EX
P
E
R
I
ME
N
T
CO
N
T
R
O
L
A
N
DI
T
SPR
I
N
C
I
P
L
E
S . 5
9
4
.
3
.
1 VO
L
T
A
G
E
-
T
O
-
F
R
E
Q
U
E
N
C
YCO
N
V
E
R
S
I
O
N(
VF
C) . 5
9
4.3.2 UNIX AND THE COMMUNICATION AMONG ACQUISITION MODULES 61
5 ACQUISITION OF SYNCHROTRON BEAMTIME 63
5
.
1 T
E
S
TME
A
S
U
R
E
ME
N
T
S . 6
3
5.2 SUPPORT OR COLLABORATION . . . 6
3
5.3 A GUIDE TO PROPOSAL WRITING . 6
4
6 IT'S BEAMTIME, PHIL: A GUIDE TO COLLECT A COMPLETE SET OF DATA 67
6
.
1 BEOR
G
A
N
I
Z
E
D . 6
7
6
.
2 VE
R
YI
MP
O
R
T
A
N
T
:
DA
T
AFI
L
ECH
E
C
K. 6
7
6
.
3 NE
V
E
R
S
T
O
R
ET
E
S
TS
N
A
P
S
H
O
T
SF
R
O
MDE
T
E
C
T
O
RME
MO
R
Y. 6
8
6
.
4 T
OBECO
L
L
E
C
T
E
DBE
F
O
R
ET
H
EF
I
R
S
TEX
P
E
R
I
ME
N
T. 6
8
6
.
4
.
1 ME
A
S
U
R
E
ME
N
T
O
FT
H
ES
A
MP
L
E
-
DE
T
E
C
T
O
R
DI
S
T
A
N
C
E . 6
9
6.4.2 MEASUREMENT OF THE DETECTOR RESPONSE . . . . . . 6
9
6
.
4
.
3 ME
A
S
U
R
E
ME
N
T
O
FT
H
EP
R
I
MA
R
YBE
A
MPR
O
TH
L
E. 6
9
6
.
5 T
OBECO
L
L
E
C
T
E
DF
O
REA
C
HNE
WRU
N. 6
9
6
.
6 AD
J
U
S
T
ME
N
T
SWI
T
HEA
C
HEX
P
E
R
I
ME
N
T . 7
0
6
.
7 CO
L
L
E
C
T
GO
O
DDA
T
A . 7
0
6
.
8 T
OBECO
L
L
E
C
T
E
DWI
T
HEA
C
HSC
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GP
A
T
T
E
R
N . 7
1
7 PRE-EVALUATION OF SCATTERING DATA 73
7
.
1 RE
A
D
I
N
GT
H
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GDA
T
AF
I
L
E
S. 7
4
7.2 ASSESSMENT OF SAXS MULTIPLE SCATTERING . . 7
4
7
.
3 NO
R
MA
L
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N. 7
5
7
.
4 VA
L
I
DAR
E
AMA
S
K
I
N
G. 7
5
XVIII
7
.
5 AL
I
G
N
ME
N
T. 7
6
7.6 ABSORPTION AND BACKGROUND CORRECTION . . . . 7
6
7
.
6
.
1 AB
S
O
R
P
T
I
O
N*T
H
EP
R
I
N
C
I
P
L
E . 7
7
7
.
6
.
2 AB
S
O
R
P
T
I
O
NI
NNO
R
MA
L
-
TR
A
N
S
MI
S
S
I
O
NGE
O
ME
T
R
Y . 7
7
7
.
6
.
3 AB
S
O
R
P
T
I
O
NI
NRE
SS
E
C
T
I
O
NGE
O
ME
T
R
I
E
S. 8
0
7.6.3.1 THIN SAMPLES IN SYMMETRICAL-RESSECTION GEOMETRY 81
7.6.3.2 THIN SAMPLES IN ASYMMETRICAL-RESSECTION GEOM-
E
T
R
Y. 8
2
7.6.4 CALCULATIONS: ABSORPTION FACTOR, OPTIMUM SAMPLE THICKNESS 83
7
.
6
.
5 RE
F
R
A
C
T
I
O
NCO
R
R
E
C
T
I
O
N. 8
4
7.7 RECONSTRUCTION OF PROPER CONSTITUTION . . . . . 8
5
7
.
8 CO
N
V
E
R
S
I
O
NT
ORE
C
I
P
R
O
C
A
L
S
P
A
C
EUN
I
T
S . 8
5
7
.
8
.
1 I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G. 8
5
7
.
8
.
2 AN
I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G . 8
5
7
.
8
.
2
.
1 US
AXSAN
DSAXS . 8
5
7
.
8
.
2
.
2 MAXSAN
DWAXSWI
T
HFI
B
E
RS
Y
MME
T
R
Y. 8
5
7.8.2.3 MAXS AND WAXS WITHOUT FIBER SYMMETRY . . . 85
7
.
9 HA
R
MO
N
Y . 8
6
7
.
1
0CA
L
I
B
R
A
T
I
O
NT
OAB
S
O
L
U
T
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y . 8
6
7
.
1
0
.
1 TH
EUN
I
T
SO
FAB
S
O
L
U
T
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y. 8
6
7
.
1
0
.
2 AB
S
O
L
U
T
EI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
YI
NSAXS . 8
7
7
.
1
0
.
2
.
1 TH
EI
D
E
AO
FDI
R
E
C
T
CA
L
I
B
R
A
T
I
O
N. 8
7
7
.
1
0
.
2
.
2 DI
R
E
C
TCA
L
I
B
R
A
T
I
O
NF
O
R
T
H
EKR
A
T
K
YCA
ME
R
A. 8
8
7.10.2.3 DIRECT CALIBRATION FOR A SYNCHROTRON BEAMLINE . . 90
7.10.2.4 INDIRECT CALIBRATION USING A POLYMER SAMPLE . . . 91
7
.
1
0
.
2
.
5 I
N
D
I
R
E
C
T
CA
L
I
B
R
A
T
I
O
NBYF
L
U
I
DST
A
N
D
A
R
D
S. 9
2
7
.
1
0
.
3 ALI
N
KT
OAB
S
O
L
U
T
EI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
YI
NWAXS . 9
2
8 INTERPRETATION OF SCATTERING PATTERNS 95
8
.
1 S
H
A
P
EO
FT
H
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
YATVE
R
YS
MA
L
LAN
G
L
E
S . 9
5
8.1.1 G
UINIER
'
SA
P
P
R
O
X
I
MA
T
I
O
N . 9
5
8.1.2 USABILITY FOR DATA EXTRAPOLATION . . . . 9
6
8.1.3 USABILITY FOR STRUCTURE PARAMETER DETERMINATION . . . 9
6
8.1.4 DETERMINATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF G
UINIER
'
SL
A
W. 9
6
8.1.5 MEANING OF THE PARAMETERS OF G
UINIER
'
SLA
W . 9
7
8
.
2 P
E
A
KSP
O
T
T
I
N
G
:
WAXSRE
SS
E
C
T
I
O
N
S
,
LO
N
GP
E
R
I
O
D
S . 9
9
8
.
2
.
1 DI
S
C
R
E
T
EA
N
DDI
F
F
U
S
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G . 9
9
8.2.2 PEAKS IN ISOTROPIC AND ANISOTROPIC SCATTERING PATTERNS . . . 99
8
.
2
.
2
.
1 I
S
O
T
R
O
P
YA
N
DAN
I
S
O
T
R
O
P
Y. 9
9
8
.
2
.
2
.
2 WH
E
R
ET
OSE
A
R
C
HF
O
RP
E
A
K
SO
FF
I
B
E
R
S . 1
0
0
8
.
2
.
3 WAXSPE
A
K
SA
N
DP
E
A
KPO
S
I
T
I
O
N
S. 1
0
0
8.2.4 DETERMINATION OF WAXS CRYSTALLINITY . 1
0
2
8
.
2
.
4
.
1 P
H
E
N
O
ME
N
O
N. 1
0
2
8.2.4.2 CRYSTALLINITY INDEX . . . . . . 1
0
3
8.2.4.3 WAXS CRYSTALLINITY FOR UNDISTORTED CRYSTALS . . . 103
LISTS OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS XIX
8.2.4.4 WAXS CRYSTALLINITY CONSIDERING DISTORTIONS . . . 104
8
.
2
.
5 WAXSLI
N
EP
R
O
TH
L
EAN
A
L
Y
S
I
S. 1
0
4
8
.
2
.
5
.
1 EX
P
E
R
I
ME
N
T
A
L
T
E
C
H
N
I
Q
U
E. 1
0
4
8.2.5.2 SCIENTITHC GOALS OF LINE PROTHLE ANALYSIS . . . . . 104
8
.
2
.
5
.
3 I
N
S
T
R
U
ME
N
T
A
L
BR
O
A
D
E
N
I
N
G . 1
0
6
8.2.5.4 CRYSTAL SIZE AND LATTICE DISTORTION * SEPARABILITY 106
8.2.5.5 SEPARATION ACCORDING TO W
ARREN
-A
VERBACH
. 107
8.2.5.6 MATCHING LATTICE DISTORTIONS AND STRUCTURAL MODELS 109
8.2.5.7 CLASSICAL W
ARREN
-A
VERBACH
SEPARATION . . . . 110
8
.
2
.
5
.
8 S
E
P
A
R
A
T
I
O
NAF
T
E
RP
E
A
KSH
A
P
EMO
D
E
L
I
N
G. 1
1
4
8
.
2
.
6 P
E
A
K
SI
NSAXSPA
T
T
E
R
N
S . 1
1
7
8
.
3 NOPE
A
K
S
:
TH
EI
N
T
E
R
P
R
E
T
A
T
I
O
NO
FDI
F
F
U
S
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G. 1
1
8
8.3.1 INTENSITY LEVEL BETWEEN SAXS AND WAXS: ELECTRON DENSITY
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S. 1
1
9
8.3.2 INTENSITY DECAY BETWEEN SAXS AND WAXS: P
OROD
'S LAW 121
8
.
3
.
3 S
AXS
:F
R
A
C
T
A
LS
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E . 1
2
7
8
.
4 GE
N
E
R
A
L
EV
A
L
U
A
T
I
O
NB
YI
N
T
E
G
R
A
T
I
O
NO
FS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GDA
T
A . 1
2
9
8.4.1 AZIMUTHAL AVERAGING OF ISOTROPIC SCATTERING PATTERNS . . . . 129
8
.
4
.
2 I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
Z
A
T
I
O
NO
FAN
I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GP
A
T
T
E
R
N
S . 1
3
0
8
.
4
.
3 S
AXSPR
O
J
E
C
T
I
O
N
S . 1
3
2
8
.
4
.
3
.
1 S
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GP
O
WE
R(
I
N
V
A
R
I
A
N
T
). 1
3
2
8
.
4
.
3
.
2 1
DP
R
O
J
E
C
T
I
O
N
S. 1
3
5
8
.
4
.
3
.
3 2
DP
R
O
J
E
C
T
I
O
N
S. 1
3
8
8.5 VISUALIZATION OF DOMAIN TOPOLOGY FROM SAXS DATA . . . 1
3
8
8.5.1 EXTRACTION OF THE TOPOLOGICAL INFORMATION . . . . . 1
3
9
8
.
5
.
2 1
DCO
R
R
E
L
A
T
I
O
NF
U
N
C
T
I
O
NAN
A
L
Y
S
I
S . 1
4
2
8
.
5
.
3 I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CCH
O
R
DLE
N
G
T
HDI
S
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
N
S(
CLD) . 1
4
8
8
.
5
.
4 1
DIN
T
E
R
F
A
C
EDI
S
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
NFU
N
C
T
I
O
N
S(
I
DF
). 1
5
0
8
.
5
.
5 AN
I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CCH
O
R
DDI
S
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
NFU
N
C
T
I
O
N
S(
CDF
) . 1
5
2
8.5.5.1 DETHNITION . 1
5
2
8.5.5.2 COMPUTATION OF THE CDF FOR MATERIALS WITH FIBER
S
Y
MME
T
R
Y . 1
5
3
8
.
5
.
5
.
3 RE
L
A
T
I
O
NBE
T
WE
E
NACDFAN
DI
DF
S . 1
5
4
8
.
5
.
5
.
4 HO
WT
OI
N
T
E
R
P
R
E
T
ACDF. 1
5
5
8.5.5.5 SEMI-QUANTITATIVE CDF ANALYSIS. AN EXAMPLE . . 157
8.6 BIOPOLYMERS: ISOTROPIC SCATTERING OF IDENTICAL UNCORRELATED
PARTICLES 161
8.7 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTIPHASE TOPOLOGY FROM SAXS DATA . . 163
8
.
7
.
1 MO
D
E
L
SF
O
RUN
C
O
R
R
E
L
A
T
E
DP
O
L
Y
D
I
S
P
E
R
S
EP
A
R
T
I
C
L
E
S. 1
6
4
8
.
7
.
1
.
1 P
O
L
Y
D
I
S
P
E
R
S
ELA
Y
E
R
SA
N
D1DP
A
R
T
I
C
L
E
S. 1
6
4
8.7.1.2 UNCORRELATED PARTICLES IN 2D: FIBRIL DIAMETERS IN
F
I
B
E
R
S . 1
6
5
8.7.1.3 UNCORRELATED POLYDISPERSE HOMOGENEOUS SPHERES 169
8.7.1.4 INHOMOGENEOUS SPHERICAL PARTICLES . . . 1
7
0
8.7.2 STOCHASTICALLY CONDENSED STRUCTURE . 1
7
1
8
.
7
.
3 DI
S
T
O
R
T
E
DST
R
U
C
T
U
R
EB
YI
N
TH
N
I
T
E1
DAR
R
A
N
G
E
ME
N
T. 1
7
5
XX
8
.
7
.
3
.
1 CO
N
S
T
R
U
C
T
I
O
NO
FA1DP
A
R
A
C
R
Y
S
T
A
L . 1
7
5
8
.
7
.
3
.
2 AP
P
L
I
C
A
T
I
O
N . 1
7
6
8
.
7
.
3
.
3 TH
ES
T
A
C
K
I
N
GMO
D
E
L. 1
7
8
8.7.3.4 THE LATTICE MODEL . . . . . . 1
8
2
8.7.3.5 MODEL FITTING: CHOICE OF STARTING VALUES FOR THE
MO
D
E
L
P
A
R
A
ME
T
E
R
S. 1
8
4
8
.
8 NA
N
O
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
S*SO
F
T
MA
T
E
R
I
A
L
SWI
T
HLO
N
GRA
N
G
EOR
D
E
R . 1
8
5
8
.
8
.
1 RE
Q
U
I
R
E
DCO
R
R
E
C
T
I
O
N
SO
FT
H
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y. 1
8
5
8.8.2 I
1
(
S
)
F
R
O
MANA
N
O
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
DLA
Y
E
RS
Y
S
T
E
M . 1
8
6
8
.
8
.
3 T
Y
P
I
C
A
L
RE
S
U
L
T
S. 1
8
7
8
.
9 AN
O
MA
L
O
U
SX-
RA
YSC
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G. 1
8
8
9 HIGH BUT IMPERFECT ORIENTATION 191
9
.
1 BA
S
I
CDE
TH
N
I
T
I
O
N
SCO
N
C
E
R
N
I
N
GOR
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N . 1
9
2
9
.
1
.
1 P
O
L
EF
I
G
U
R
E
SA
N
DTH
E
I
REX
P
A
N
S
I
O
N. 1
9
2
9.1.2 THE UNIAXIAL ORIENTATION PARAMETER F
OR
. 1
9
4
9.1.3 CHARACTER OF FIBER-SYMMETRICAL ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTIONS . 196
9
.
2 OB
S
E
R
V
E
DI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
YA
N
DOR
I
E
N
T
E
DI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y*TH
ERE
L
A
T
I
O
N. 1
9
7
9
.
3 DE
S
ME
A
R
I
N
GB
YUS
EOFAMA
S
T
E
ROR
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
NDI
S
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
N . 1
9
7
9.4 F2: DOUBLE FIBER SYMMETRY * SIMPLITHED INTEGRAL TRANSFORM . 1
9
8
9.5 F3: G
(
*
)
S
H
O
WSF
I
B
E
RS
Y
MME
T
R
Y*SO
L
U
T
I
O
N. 2
0
0
9.6 EXTRACTION OF G
(
*
)
FROM MERIDIONAL OR EQUATORIAL RESSECTIONS . . . 200
9
.
6
.
1 UN
I
MO
D
A
L
ME
R
I
D
I
O
N
A
L
RE
SS
E
C
T
I
O
NI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y. 2
0
0
9
.
6
.
2 UN
I
MO
D
A
L
EQ
U
A
T
O
R
I
A
L
RE
SS
E
C
T
I
O
NI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y . 2
0
1
9
.
7 TH
ERU
L
A
N
DST
R
E
A
KME
T
H
O
D. 2
0
1
9.8 ANALYTICAL FUNCTIONS WRAPPED AROUND SPHERES: SHAPE CHANGE . . . 205
10 ORIENTATION GROWING FROM THE ISOTROPIC STATE 209
10.1 R
ULAND
'
STH
E
O
R
YO
FAF
TH
N
EDE
F
O
R
MA
T
I
O
N . 2
1
0
1
0
.
1
.
1 OV
E
R
V
I
E
W. 2
1
0
1
0
.
1
.
2 AP
P
L
I
C
A
T
I
O
N. 2
1
1
10.2 THE MGZ TECHNIQUE OF ELLIPTICAL COORDINATES . 2
1
3
11 FITTING MODELS TO DATA 217
11.1 WHICH DATA ARE FITTED? . . 2
1
7
1
1
.
2WH
I
C
HTE
C
H
N
I
Q
U
E
SAR
EAP
P
L
I
E
D
?. 2
1
8
REFERENCES 221
SUBJECT INDEX 229 |
| adam_txt |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 POLYDISPERSITY AND HETEROGENEITY 1
1
.
1 S
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G
,
P
O
L
Y
D
I
S
P
E
R
S
I
T
YA
N
DMA
T
E
R
I
A
L
SPR
O
P
E
R
T
I
E
S . 1
1
.
2 DI
S
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
NF
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
SA
N
DPH
Y
S
I
C
A
L
P
A
R
A
ME
T
E
R
S . 2
1
.
2
.
1 TH
ENU
MB
E
RMO
L
E
C
U
L
A
R
MA
S
SDI
S
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
N. 2
1
.
2
.
2 TH
ENU
MB
E
RAV
E
R
A
G
EMO
L
E
C
U
L
A
R
MA
S
S. 3
1
.
3 MO
ME
N
T
S . 4
2 GENERAL BACKGROUND 7
2
.
1 TH
ES
U
B
A
R
E
A
SO
FX-
RA
YSC
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G . 7
2
.
2 X-
RA
Y
SA
N
DMA
T
T
E
R . 8
2
.
2
.
1 GE
N
E
R
A
L. 8
2
.
2
.
2 P
O
L
A
R
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N. 8
2.2.2.1 POLARIZATION FACTOR OF A LABORATORY SOURCE . . . . 9
2
.
2
.
2
.
2 S
Y
N
C
H
R
O
T
R
O
NBE
A
MP
O
L
A
R
I
Z
A
T
I
O
NF
A
C
T
O
R . 9
2
.
2
.
3 CO
MP
T
O
NS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G . 1
0
2
.
2
.
4 F
L
U
O
R
E
S
C
E
N
C
E . 1
0
2
.
3 CL
A
S
S
I
C
A
LX-
RA
YSE
T
U
P . 1
1
2
.
4 S
-
S
P
A
C
EA
N
DQ
-
S
P
A
C
E . 1
1
2
.
5 S
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
YA
N
DSA
MP
L
ES
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E . 1
3
2
.
5
.
1 LA
Y
-
OU
T
O
FT
H
EMA
G
I
CS
Q
U
A
R
E . 1
4
2
.
5
.
2 AN
A
L
Y
S
I
SOP
T
I
O
N
S*EX
A
MP
L
EF
O
R
S
AXSDA
T
A . 1
4
2.5.3 PARAMETERS, FUNCTIONS AND OPERATIONS IN THE MAGIC SQUARE . 15
2
.
5
.
4 CO
N
V
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
,
CO
R
R
E
L
A
T
I
O
NA
N
DAU
T
O
C
O
R
R
E
L
A
T
I
O
N. 1
6
2
.
6 P
O
L
Y
D
I
S
P
E
R
S
I
T
YA
N
DS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y. 1
8
2
.
7 AGL
A
N
C
EA
TT
H
EMA
T
H
E
MA
T
I
C
A
L
LA
B
O
R
A
T
O
R
YO
FS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G. 2
1
2
.
7
.
1 TH
ES
L
I
C
E . 2
2
2
.
7
.
2 TH
EP
R
O
J
E
C
T
I
O
N . 2
3
2
.
7
.
3 F
O
U
R
I
E
R
S
L
I
C
ETH
E
O
R
E
M . 2
3
2
.
7
.
4 F
O
U
R
I
E
R
DE
R
I
V
A
T
I
V
ETH
E
O
R
E
M . 2
3
2
.
7
.
5 BR
E
A
D
T
HTH
E
O
R
E
M. 2
4
2
.
7
.
6 DI
L
A
T
I
O
NAN
DRE
C
I
P
R
O
C
I
T
Y. 2
4
2.7.7 D
IRAC
'S
*
-
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N . 2
5
2
.
7
.
8 CO
N
V
O
L
U
T
I
O
NTH
E
O
R
E
M . 2
5
2
.
7
.
9 BA
N
D
L
I
MI
T
E
DFU
N
C
T
I
O
N
S. 2
5
2
.
8 HO
WT
OCO
L
L
E
C
TCO
MP
L
E
T
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GPA
T
T
E
R
N
S . 2
6
XVI
2
.
8
.
1 I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G. 2
6
2
.
8
.
2 AN
I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G . 2
6
2
.
8
.
2
.
1 S
I
N
G
L
ECR
Y
S
T
A
LAN
I
S
O
T
R
O
P
Y. 2
6
2
.
8
.
2
.
2 F
I
B
E
RS
Y
MME
T
R
Y. 2
7
2
.
9 AP
P
L
I
C
A
T
I
O
NO
FDI
G
I
T
A
L
I
MA
G
EP
R
O
C
E
S
S
I
N
G(
DI
) . 2
9
2
.
9
.
1 DIA
N
DT
H
EAN
A
L
Y
S
I
SO
FS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GPA
T
T
E
R
N
S. 2
9
2.9.2 A SCATTERING PATTERN IS A MATRIX OF NUMBERS, NOT A PHOTO . 30
2.9.3 HOW TO UTILIZE DI . 3
0
2.9.4 CONCEPTS OF DI THAT EASE THE ANALYSIS OF SCATTERING IMAGES . 30
2
.
9
.
4
.
1 TH
EP
A
R
A
D
I
G
M:
AR
I
T
H
ME
T
I
C
SWI
T
HMA
T
R
I
C
E
S . 3
0
2
.
9
.
4
.
2 S
U
B
MA
T
R
I
XRA
N
K
I
N
GOP
E
R
A
T
O
R
S. 3
1
2.9.4.3 PRIMITIVE OPERATORS: ERODE, MEDIAN, AND DILATE . 31
2
.
9
.
4
.
4 CO
MB
I
N
E
DOP
E
R
A
T
O
R
S
:
OP
E
N
I
N
G&CL
O
S
I
N
G . 3
2
3 TYPICAL PROBLEMS FOR ANALYSIS BY X-RAY SCATTERING 33
3.1 EVERYDAY INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS . . . 3
3
3
.
2 ATT
H
EF
R
O
N
T
O
FI
N
N
O
V
A
T
I
O
N . 3
4
3
.
2
.
1 WE
BRE
S
O
U
R
C
E
S. 3
4
3
.
2
.
2 F
I
E
L
D
SOFI
N
N
O
V
A
T
I
O
N . 3
4
3.2.2.1 VISUALIZE AND MODEL STRUCTURE AUTOMATICALLY . . 34
3
.
2
.
2
.
2 S
T
U
D
YGR
A
D
I
E
N
T
MA
T
E
R
I
A
L
S . 3
5
3
.
2
.
2
.
3 S
T
U
D
YTH
I
NF
I
L
MS . 3
5
3
.
2
.
2
.
4 S
T
U
D
YST
R
U
C
T
U
R
EEV
O
L
U
T
I
O
N. 3
5
4 EXPERIMENTAL OVERVIEW 37
4
.
1 TH
ES
H
A
P
EO
FT
H
EP
R
I
MA
R
YBE
A
M . 3
8
4.1.1 POINT FOCUS COLLIMATION . 3
8
4.1.2 SLIT FOCUS COLLIMATION . . 3
9
4
.
1
.
2
.
1 CO
MMO
NCA
ME
R
A
SA
N
DPR
O
P
E
R
T
I
E
S. 3
9
4
.
1
.
2
.
2 I
N
TH
N
I
T
ES
L
I
TLE
N
G
T
H. 3
9
4.1.2.3 A FIBER IN A SLIT-FOCUS CAMERA . . . 4
0
4.1.3 DESMEARING OF SLIT-FOCUS DATA . . . . . 4
0
4
.
1
.
4 S
ME
A
R
I
N
GO
FP
O
I
N
T
-
F
O
C
U
SDA
T
A. 4
1
4.2 SETUP OF POINT-COLLIMATION APPARATUS . . . . . 4
1
4
.
2
.
1 TH
ERA
D
I
A
T
I
O
NS
O
U
R
C
E. 4
2
4.2.1.1 ROTATING ANODE . . . . . . . 4
2
4
.
2
.
1
.
2 S
Y
N
C
H
R
O
T
R
O
NRA
D
I
A
T
I
O
N. 4
2
4
.
2
.
1
.
3 XF
EL:TH
EX-
RA
YFR
E
EEL
E
C
T
R
O
NLA
S
E
R. 4
4
4
.
2
.
2 BE
A
MAMP
L
I
TH
C
A
T
I
O
NB
YI
N
S
E
R
T
I
O
NDE
V
I
C
E
S. 4
6
4
.
2
.
3 BE
A
MS
H
A
P
I
N
GB
YOP
T
I
C
A
L
DE
V
I
C
E
S. 4
6
4
.
2
.
3
.
1 TH
EGOE
B
E
L
MI
R
R
O
R . 4
6
4.2.3.2 CONVENTIONAL SYNCHROTRON BEAMLINE OPTICS . . . 47
4.2.3.3 MICROBEAM OPTICS (WAVE-GUIDES, X-RAY LENSES) 47
4.2.3.4 NANOBEAM OPTICS (KIRKPATRICK-BAEZ MIRRORS) . . 48
4.2.3.5 BEAM-POSITION MONITORING . 5
0
LISTS
OF
SYMBOLS
AND ABBREVIATIONS XVII
4
.
2
.
3
.
6 S
H
U
T
T
E
R
S . 5
0
4.2.3.7 SLITS . . . . 5
0
4
.
2
.
3
.
8 S
T
A
B
I
L
I
Z
E
R
S . 5
1
4
.
2
.
3
.
9 AB
S
O
R
B
E
R
S . 5
1
4
.
2
.
4 TH
ES
A
MP
L
ERE
C
I
P
I
E
N
T . 5
1
4
.
2
.
4
.
1 OP
T
I
C
A
L
BE
N
C
HVS
.
DA
N
C
EF
L
O
O
R . 5
2
4
.
2
.
4
.
2 CH
A
MB
E
R
SF
O
RS
A
MP
L
EP
O
S
I
T
I
O
N
I
N
G. 5
2
4
.
2
.
4
.
3 RE
C
I
P
I
E
N
T
SF
O
RS
A
MP
L
EP
R
O
C
E
S
S
I
N
G. 5
3
4
.
2
.
5 DE
T
E
C
T
O
R
S . 5
3
4
.
2
.
5
.
1 CR
I
T
E
R
I
AF
O
RDE
T
E
C
T
O
R
P
E
R
F
O
R
MA
N
C
E. 5
3
4
.
2
.
5
.
2 CCDDE
T
E
C
T
O
R
S. 5
4
4
.
2
.
5
.
3 I
MA
G
EP
L
A
T
E
S. 5
5
4.2.5.4 GAS-FILLED DETECTORS . . . . 5
6
4
.
2
.
5
.
5 OT
H
E
RX-
RA
YDE
T
E
C
T
O
R
S . 5
7
4
.
2
.
5
.
6 DE
T
E
C
T
O
ROP
E
R
A
T
I
O
NMO
D
E
:
BI
N
N
I
N
G. 5
8
4
.
2
.
6 EX
P
E
R
I
ME
N
T
MO
N
I
T
O
R
S. 5
8
4
.
2
.
6
.
1 MO
N
I
T
O
R
I
N
G
,
J
O
U
R
N
A
L
I
N
G
,
CO
N
T
R
O
L. 5
8
4
.
2
.
6
.
2 BE
A
MI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
YMO
N
I
T
O
R
I
N
G . 5
9
4
.
3 DA
T
AAC
Q
U
I
S
I
T
I
O
N
,
EX
P
E
R
I
ME
N
T
CO
N
T
R
O
L
A
N
DI
T
SPR
I
N
C
I
P
L
E
S . 5
9
4
.
3
.
1 VO
L
T
A
G
E
-
T
O
-
F
R
E
Q
U
E
N
C
YCO
N
V
E
R
S
I
O
N(
VF
C) . 5
9
4.3.2 UNIX AND THE COMMUNICATION AMONG ACQUISITION MODULES 61
5 ACQUISITION OF SYNCHROTRON BEAMTIME 63
5
.
1 T
E
S
TME
A
S
U
R
E
ME
N
T
S . 6
3
5.2 SUPPORT OR COLLABORATION . . . 6
3
5.3 A GUIDE TO PROPOSAL WRITING . 6
4
6 IT'S BEAMTIME, PHIL: A GUIDE TO COLLECT A COMPLETE SET OF DATA 67
6
.
1 BEOR
G
A
N
I
Z
E
D . 6
7
6
.
2 VE
R
YI
MP
O
R
T
A
N
T
:
DA
T
AFI
L
ECH
E
C
K. 6
7
6
.
3 NE
V
E
R
S
T
O
R
ET
E
S
TS
N
A
P
S
H
O
T
SF
R
O
MDE
T
E
C
T
O
RME
MO
R
Y. 6
8
6
.
4 T
OBECO
L
L
E
C
T
E
DBE
F
O
R
ET
H
EF
I
R
S
TEX
P
E
R
I
ME
N
T. 6
8
6
.
4
.
1 ME
A
S
U
R
E
ME
N
T
O
FT
H
ES
A
MP
L
E
-
DE
T
E
C
T
O
R
DI
S
T
A
N
C
E . 6
9
6.4.2 MEASUREMENT OF THE DETECTOR RESPONSE . . . . . . 6
9
6
.
4
.
3 ME
A
S
U
R
E
ME
N
T
O
FT
H
EP
R
I
MA
R
YBE
A
MPR
O
TH
L
E. 6
9
6
.
5 T
OBECO
L
L
E
C
T
E
DF
O
REA
C
HNE
WRU
N. 6
9
6
.
6 AD
J
U
S
T
ME
N
T
SWI
T
HEA
C
HEX
P
E
R
I
ME
N
T . 7
0
6
.
7 CO
L
L
E
C
T
GO
O
DDA
T
A . 7
0
6
.
8 T
OBECO
L
L
E
C
T
E
DWI
T
HEA
C
HSC
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GP
A
T
T
E
R
N . 7
1
7 PRE-EVALUATION OF SCATTERING DATA 73
7
.
1 RE
A
D
I
N
GT
H
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GDA
T
AF
I
L
E
S. 7
4
7.2 ASSESSMENT OF SAXS MULTIPLE SCATTERING . . 7
4
7
.
3 NO
R
MA
L
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N. 7
5
7
.
4 VA
L
I
DAR
E
AMA
S
K
I
N
G. 7
5
XVIII
7
.
5 AL
I
G
N
ME
N
T. 7
6
7.6 ABSORPTION AND BACKGROUND CORRECTION . . . . 7
6
7
.
6
.
1 AB
S
O
R
P
T
I
O
N*T
H
EP
R
I
N
C
I
P
L
E . 7
7
7
.
6
.
2 AB
S
O
R
P
T
I
O
NI
NNO
R
MA
L
-
TR
A
N
S
MI
S
S
I
O
NGE
O
ME
T
R
Y . 7
7
7
.
6
.
3 AB
S
O
R
P
T
I
O
NI
NRE
SS
E
C
T
I
O
NGE
O
ME
T
R
I
E
S. 8
0
7.6.3.1 THIN SAMPLES IN SYMMETRICAL-RESSECTION GEOMETRY 81
7.6.3.2 THIN SAMPLES IN ASYMMETRICAL-RESSECTION GEOM-
E
T
R
Y. 8
2
7.6.4 CALCULATIONS: ABSORPTION FACTOR, OPTIMUM SAMPLE THICKNESS 83
7
.
6
.
5 RE
F
R
A
C
T
I
O
NCO
R
R
E
C
T
I
O
N. 8
4
7.7 RECONSTRUCTION OF PROPER CONSTITUTION . . . . . 8
5
7
.
8 CO
N
V
E
R
S
I
O
NT
ORE
C
I
P
R
O
C
A
L
S
P
A
C
EUN
I
T
S . 8
5
7
.
8
.
1 I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G. 8
5
7
.
8
.
2 AN
I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G . 8
5
7
.
8
.
2
.
1 US
AXSAN
DSAXS . 8
5
7
.
8
.
2
.
2 MAXSAN
DWAXSWI
T
HFI
B
E
RS
Y
MME
T
R
Y. 8
5
7.8.2.3 MAXS AND WAXS WITHOUT FIBER SYMMETRY . . . 85
7
.
9 HA
R
MO
N
Y . 8
6
7
.
1
0CA
L
I
B
R
A
T
I
O
NT
OAB
S
O
L
U
T
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y . 8
6
7
.
1
0
.
1 TH
EUN
I
T
SO
FAB
S
O
L
U
T
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y. 8
6
7
.
1
0
.
2 AB
S
O
L
U
T
EI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
YI
NSAXS . 8
7
7
.
1
0
.
2
.
1 TH
EI
D
E
AO
FDI
R
E
C
T
CA
L
I
B
R
A
T
I
O
N. 8
7
7
.
1
0
.
2
.
2 DI
R
E
C
TCA
L
I
B
R
A
T
I
O
NF
O
R
T
H
EKR
A
T
K
YCA
ME
R
A. 8
8
7.10.2.3 DIRECT CALIBRATION FOR A SYNCHROTRON BEAMLINE . . 90
7.10.2.4 INDIRECT CALIBRATION USING A POLYMER SAMPLE . . . 91
7
.
1
0
.
2
.
5 I
N
D
I
R
E
C
T
CA
L
I
B
R
A
T
I
O
NBYF
L
U
I
DST
A
N
D
A
R
D
S. 9
2
7
.
1
0
.
3 ALI
N
KT
OAB
S
O
L
U
T
EI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
YI
NWAXS . 9
2
8 INTERPRETATION OF SCATTERING PATTERNS 95
8
.
1 S
H
A
P
EO
FT
H
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
YATVE
R
YS
MA
L
LAN
G
L
E
S . 9
5
8.1.1 G
UINIER
'
SA
P
P
R
O
X
I
MA
T
I
O
N . 9
5
8.1.2 USABILITY FOR DATA EXTRAPOLATION . . . . 9
6
8.1.3 USABILITY FOR STRUCTURE PARAMETER DETERMINATION . . . 9
6
8.1.4 DETERMINATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF G
UINIER
'
SL
A
W. 9
6
8.1.5 MEANING OF THE PARAMETERS OF G
UINIER
'
SLA
W . 9
7
8
.
2 P
E
A
KSP
O
T
T
I
N
G
:
WAXSRE
SS
E
C
T
I
O
N
S
,
LO
N
GP
E
R
I
O
D
S . 9
9
8
.
2
.
1 DI
S
C
R
E
T
EA
N
DDI
F
F
U
S
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G . 9
9
8.2.2 PEAKS IN ISOTROPIC AND ANISOTROPIC SCATTERING PATTERNS . . . 99
8
.
2
.
2
.
1 I
S
O
T
R
O
P
YA
N
DAN
I
S
O
T
R
O
P
Y. 9
9
8
.
2
.
2
.
2 WH
E
R
ET
OSE
A
R
C
HF
O
RP
E
A
K
SO
FF
I
B
E
R
S . 1
0
0
8
.
2
.
3 WAXSPE
A
K
SA
N
DP
E
A
KPO
S
I
T
I
O
N
S. 1
0
0
8.2.4 DETERMINATION OF WAXS CRYSTALLINITY . 1
0
2
8
.
2
.
4
.
1 P
H
E
N
O
ME
N
O
N. 1
0
2
8.2.4.2 CRYSTALLINITY INDEX . . . . . . 1
0
3
8.2.4.3 WAXS CRYSTALLINITY FOR UNDISTORTED CRYSTALS . . . 103
LISTS OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS XIX
8.2.4.4 WAXS CRYSTALLINITY CONSIDERING DISTORTIONS . . . 104
8
.
2
.
5 WAXSLI
N
EP
R
O
TH
L
EAN
A
L
Y
S
I
S. 1
0
4
8
.
2
.
5
.
1 EX
P
E
R
I
ME
N
T
A
L
T
E
C
H
N
I
Q
U
E. 1
0
4
8.2.5.2 SCIENTITHC GOALS OF LINE PROTHLE ANALYSIS . . . . . 104
8
.
2
.
5
.
3 I
N
S
T
R
U
ME
N
T
A
L
BR
O
A
D
E
N
I
N
G . 1
0
6
8.2.5.4 CRYSTAL SIZE AND LATTICE DISTORTION * SEPARABILITY 106
8.2.5.5 SEPARATION ACCORDING TO W
ARREN
-A
VERBACH
. 107
8.2.5.6 MATCHING LATTICE DISTORTIONS AND STRUCTURAL MODELS 109
8.2.5.7 CLASSICAL W
ARREN
-A
VERBACH
SEPARATION . . . . 110
8
.
2
.
5
.
8 S
E
P
A
R
A
T
I
O
NAF
T
E
RP
E
A
KSH
A
P
EMO
D
E
L
I
N
G. 1
1
4
8
.
2
.
6 P
E
A
K
SI
NSAXSPA
T
T
E
R
N
S . 1
1
7
8
.
3 NOPE
A
K
S
:
TH
EI
N
T
E
R
P
R
E
T
A
T
I
O
NO
FDI
F
F
U
S
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G. 1
1
8
8.3.1 INTENSITY LEVEL BETWEEN SAXS AND WAXS: ELECTRON DENSITY
F
L
U
C
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
S. 1
1
9
8.3.2 INTENSITY DECAY BETWEEN SAXS AND WAXS: P
OROD
'S LAW 121
8
.
3
.
3 S
AXS
:F
R
A
C
T
A
LS
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E . 1
2
7
8
.
4 GE
N
E
R
A
L
EV
A
L
U
A
T
I
O
NB
YI
N
T
E
G
R
A
T
I
O
NO
FS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GDA
T
A . 1
2
9
8.4.1 AZIMUTHAL AVERAGING OF ISOTROPIC SCATTERING PATTERNS . . . . 129
8
.
4
.
2 I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
Z
A
T
I
O
NO
FAN
I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CS
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GP
A
T
T
E
R
N
S . 1
3
0
8
.
4
.
3 S
AXSPR
O
J
E
C
T
I
O
N
S . 1
3
2
8
.
4
.
3
.
1 S
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GP
O
WE
R(
I
N
V
A
R
I
A
N
T
). 1
3
2
8
.
4
.
3
.
2 1
DP
R
O
J
E
C
T
I
O
N
S. 1
3
5
8
.
4
.
3
.
3 2
DP
R
O
J
E
C
T
I
O
N
S. 1
3
8
8.5 VISUALIZATION OF DOMAIN TOPOLOGY FROM SAXS DATA . . . 1
3
8
8.5.1 EXTRACTION OF THE TOPOLOGICAL INFORMATION . . . . . 1
3
9
8
.
5
.
2 1
DCO
R
R
E
L
A
T
I
O
NF
U
N
C
T
I
O
NAN
A
L
Y
S
I
S . 1
4
2
8
.
5
.
3 I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CCH
O
R
DLE
N
G
T
HDI
S
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
N
S(
CLD) . 1
4
8
8
.
5
.
4 1
DIN
T
E
R
F
A
C
EDI
S
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
NFU
N
C
T
I
O
N
S(
I
DF
). 1
5
0
8
.
5
.
5 AN
I
S
O
T
R
O
P
I
CCH
O
R
DDI
S
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
NFU
N
C
T
I
O
N
S(
CDF
) . 1
5
2
8.5.5.1 DETHNITION . 1
5
2
8.5.5.2 COMPUTATION OF THE CDF FOR MATERIALS WITH FIBER
S
Y
MME
T
R
Y . 1
5
3
8
.
5
.
5
.
3 RE
L
A
T
I
O
NBE
T
WE
E
NACDFAN
DI
DF
S . 1
5
4
8
.
5
.
5
.
4 HO
WT
OI
N
T
E
R
P
R
E
T
ACDF. 1
5
5
8.5.5.5 SEMI-QUANTITATIVE CDF ANALYSIS. AN EXAMPLE . . 157
8.6 BIOPOLYMERS: ISOTROPIC SCATTERING OF IDENTICAL UNCORRELATED
PARTICLES 161
8.7 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTIPHASE TOPOLOGY FROM SAXS DATA . . 163
8
.
7
.
1 MO
D
E
L
SF
O
RUN
C
O
R
R
E
L
A
T
E
DP
O
L
Y
D
I
S
P
E
R
S
EP
A
R
T
I
C
L
E
S. 1
6
4
8
.
7
.
1
.
1 P
O
L
Y
D
I
S
P
E
R
S
ELA
Y
E
R
SA
N
D1DP
A
R
T
I
C
L
E
S. 1
6
4
8.7.1.2 UNCORRELATED PARTICLES IN 2D: FIBRIL DIAMETERS IN
F
I
B
E
R
S . 1
6
5
8.7.1.3 UNCORRELATED POLYDISPERSE HOMOGENEOUS SPHERES 169
8.7.1.4 INHOMOGENEOUS SPHERICAL PARTICLES . . . 1
7
0
8.7.2 STOCHASTICALLY CONDENSED STRUCTURE . 1
7
1
8
.
7
.
3 DI
S
T
O
R
T
E
DST
R
U
C
T
U
R
EB
YI
N
TH
N
I
T
E1
DAR
R
A
N
G
E
ME
N
T. 1
7
5
XX
8
.
7
.
3
.
1 CO
N
S
T
R
U
C
T
I
O
NO
FA1DP
A
R
A
C
R
Y
S
T
A
L . 1
7
5
8
.
7
.
3
.
2 AP
P
L
I
C
A
T
I
O
N . 1
7
6
8
.
7
.
3
.
3 TH
ES
T
A
C
K
I
N
GMO
D
E
L. 1
7
8
8.7.3.4 THE LATTICE MODEL . . . . . . 1
8
2
8.7.3.5 MODEL FITTING: CHOICE OF STARTING VALUES FOR THE
MO
D
E
L
P
A
R
A
ME
T
E
R
S. 1
8
4
8
.
8 NA
N
O
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
S*SO
F
T
MA
T
E
R
I
A
L
SWI
T
HLO
N
GRA
N
G
EOR
D
E
R . 1
8
5
8
.
8
.
1 RE
Q
U
I
R
E
DCO
R
R
E
C
T
I
O
N
SO
FT
H
ES
C
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
GI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y. 1
8
5
8.8.2 I
1
(
S
)
F
R
O
MANA
N
O
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
DLA
Y
E
RS
Y
S
T
E
M . 1
8
6
8
.
8
.
3 T
Y
P
I
C
A
L
RE
S
U
L
T
S. 1
8
7
8
.
9 AN
O
MA
L
O
U
SX-
RA
YSC
A
T
T
E
R
I
N
G. 1
8
8
9 HIGH BUT IMPERFECT ORIENTATION 191
9
.
1 BA
S
I
CDE
TH
N
I
T
I
O
N
SCO
N
C
E
R
N
I
N
GOR
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N . 1
9
2
9
.
1
.
1 P
O
L
EF
I
G
U
R
E
SA
N
DTH
E
I
REX
P
A
N
S
I
O
N. 1
9
2
9.1.2 THE UNIAXIAL ORIENTATION PARAMETER F
OR
. 1
9
4
9.1.3 CHARACTER OF FIBER-SYMMETRICAL ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTIONS . 196
9
.
2 OB
S
E
R
V
E
DI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
YA
N
DOR
I
E
N
T
E
DI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y*TH
ERE
L
A
T
I
O
N. 1
9
7
9
.
3 DE
S
ME
A
R
I
N
GB
YUS
EOFAMA
S
T
E
ROR
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
NDI
S
T
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
N . 1
9
7
9.4 F2: DOUBLE FIBER SYMMETRY * SIMPLITHED INTEGRAL TRANSFORM . 1
9
8
9.5 F3: G
(
*
)
S
H
O
WSF
I
B
E
RS
Y
MME
T
R
Y*SO
L
U
T
I
O
N. 2
0
0
9.6 EXTRACTION OF G
(
*
)
FROM MERIDIONAL OR EQUATORIAL RESSECTIONS . . . 200
9
.
6
.
1 UN
I
MO
D
A
L
ME
R
I
D
I
O
N
A
L
RE
SS
E
C
T
I
O
NI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y. 2
0
0
9
.
6
.
2 UN
I
MO
D
A
L
EQ
U
A
T
O
R
I
A
L
RE
SS
E
C
T
I
O
NI
N
T
E
N
S
I
T
Y . 2
0
1
9
.
7 TH
ERU
L
A
N
DST
R
E
A
KME
T
H
O
D. 2
0
1
9.8 ANALYTICAL FUNCTIONS WRAPPED AROUND SPHERES: SHAPE CHANGE . . . 205
10 ORIENTATION GROWING FROM THE ISOTROPIC STATE 209
10.1 R
ULAND
'
STH
E
O
R
YO
FAF
TH
N
EDE
F
O
R
MA
T
I
O
N . 2
1
0
1
0
.
1
.
1 OV
E
R
V
I
E
W. 2
1
0
1
0
.
1
.
2 AP
P
L
I
C
A
T
I
O
N. 2
1
1
10.2 THE MGZ TECHNIQUE OF ELLIPTICAL COORDINATES . 2
1
3
11 FITTING MODELS TO DATA 217
11.1 WHICH DATA ARE FITTED? . . 2
1
7
1
1
.
2WH
I
C
HTE
C
H
N
I
Q
U
E
SAR
EAP
P
L
I
E
D
?. 2
1
8
REFERENCES 221
SUBJECT INDEX 229 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Stribeck, Norbert |
| author_facet | Stribeck, Norbert |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Stribeck, Norbert |
| author_variant | n s ns |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022387630 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QC173 |
| callnumber-raw | QC173.458.S62 |
| callnumber-search | QC173.458.S62 |
| callnumber-sort | QC 3173.458 S62 |
| callnumber-subject | QC - Physics |
| classification_rvk | VG 9900 |
| classification_tum | CHE 720f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)141385218 (DE-599)BVBBV022387630 |
| dewey-full | 530.4/16 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 530 - Physics |
| dewey-raw | 530.4/16 |
| dewey-search | 530.4/16 |
| dewey-sort | 3530.4 216 |
| dewey-tens | 530 - Physics |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Chemie |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Chemie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV022387630 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:13:17Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T09:15:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783540698555 9783540698562 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015596522 |
| oclc_num | 141385218 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-634 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-634 DE-11 |
| physical | XX, 238 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Springer laboratory manuals in polymer science |
| spelling | Stribeck, Norbert Verfasser aut X-ray scattering of soft matter Norbert Stribeck Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2007 XX, 238 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer laboratory manuals in polymer science Matière molle (Physique) Rayons X - Diffusion Soft condensed matter X-rays Scattering Röntgenstreuung (DE-588)4178324-4 gnd rswk-swf Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd rswk-swf Weiche Materie (DE-588)4609142-7 gnd rswk-swf Weiche Materie (DE-588)4609142-7 s Röntgenstreuung (DE-588)4178324-4 s DE-604 Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 s b DE-604 text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2904581&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015596522&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Stribeck, Norbert X-ray scattering of soft matter Matière molle (Physique) Rayons X - Diffusion Soft condensed matter X-rays Scattering Röntgenstreuung (DE-588)4178324-4 gnd Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd Weiche Materie (DE-588)4609142-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4178324-4 (DE-588)4046699-1 (DE-588)4609142-7 |
| title | X-ray scattering of soft matter |
| title_auth | X-ray scattering of soft matter |
| title_exact_search | X-ray scattering of soft matter |
| title_exact_search_txtP | X-ray scattering of soft matter |
| title_full | X-ray scattering of soft matter Norbert Stribeck |
| title_fullStr | X-ray scattering of soft matter Norbert Stribeck |
| title_full_unstemmed | X-ray scattering of soft matter Norbert Stribeck |
| title_short | X-ray scattering of soft matter |
| title_sort | x ray scattering of soft matter |
| topic | Matière molle (Physique) Rayons X - Diffusion Soft condensed matter X-rays Scattering Röntgenstreuung (DE-588)4178324-4 gnd Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd Weiche Materie (DE-588)4609142-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Matière molle (Physique) Rayons X - Diffusion Soft condensed matter X-rays Scattering Röntgenstreuung Polymere Weiche Materie |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2904581&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015596522&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stribecknorbert xrayscatteringofsoftmatter |