Globalization, biosecurity, and the future of the life sciences:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, D.C.
National Academies Press
c2006
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | kostenfrei Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource |
| ISBN: | 0309101182 0309100321 0309657547 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Globalization, biosecurity, and the future of the life sciences |c Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats, Development, Security, and Cooperation Policy and Global Affairs Division, Board on Global Health, Institute of Medicine, Institute of Medicine and National Research Council of the National Academies |
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Contents
Executive Summary 1
1 Framing the Issue 15
Committee Charge and Process, 16
Emerging Technologies in the Life Sciences, 19
Notable Features of Technological Growth in the Life Sciences, 24
Definitions, 27
20th Century Germ Based Biowarfare, 32
Beating Nature: Is It Possible to Engineer a "Better Pathogen," 35
Natural Threats, 35
The Evolution of Pathogenicity: What Does It Take to
Cause Disease?, 40
The Importance of the Host Response, 45
Advancing Technologies Will Alter the Future Threat
Spectrum, 46
The Development and Use of Biological Weapons, 49
Biological Weapons are Fundamentally Different from
Other "Weapons of Mass Destruction," 52
The "Arms Race" Metaphor and the Difficult Issue of Secrecy, 59
The Need to Strike a Balance: Benefits of Technological
Growth, 60
The Dual Use Dilemma, 62
Committee Process, 65
Report Road Map, 65
xm
Xiv CONTENTS
2 Global Drivers and Trajectories of Advanced Life Sciences
Technologies 79
The Global Marketplace, 82
The Pharmaceutical Industry, 84
Global Growth of the Biotechnology Industry, 85
The Fledgling Nanobiotechnology Industry, 87
Agricultural Biotechnology, 90
Industrial Biotechnology, 96
Biodefense, 97
Global Dispersion of Knowledge, 98
Global Scientific Productivity, 98
Global Growth in Biotech Patent Activity, 102
Information Technology, 104
Global Dispersion of People, 106
Trends in Higher Education, 107
A Snapshot of the Global Technology Landscape, 112
East Asia and the Pacific, 113
Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 118
Latin America and the Caribbean, 120
Middle East and North Africa, 123
South Asia, 125
Sub Saharan Africa, 127
Summary, 129
3 Advances in Technologies with Relevance to Biology:
The Future Landscape 139
A Classification Scheme for Biological Technologies, 140
Acquisition of Novel Biological or Molecular Diversity, 142
DNA Synthesis, 143
DNA Shuffling, 146
Bioprospecting, 148
Combinatorial Chemistry: Generating Chemical Diversity, 150
High Throughput Screening, 154
Directed Design, 156
Rational Drug Design, 156
Synthetic Biology, 159
Genetic Engineering of Viruses, 161
Understanding and Manipulating Biological Systems, 165
RNA interference, 165
High Affinity Binding Reagents (Aptamers and Tadpoles), 169
Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 170
Systems Biology, 173
CONTENTS XV
Genomic Medicine, 175
Modulators of Homeostatic Systems, 178
Production, Delivery and "Packaging," 181
Plants as Production Platforms—"Biopharming", 181
Microfluidics and Microfabrication, 183
Nanotechnology, 184
Aerosol Technology, 186
Microencapsulation Technology, 189
Gene Therapy Technologies, 191
Targeting Biologically Active Materials to Specific Locations
in the Body, 192
The Complementarity and Synergy of Technologies, 195
Conclusion, 197
4 Conclusions and Recommendations 213
Conclusion 1, 218
Recommendation 1, 219
Conclusion 2, 231
Recommendation 2, 232
Conclusion 3, 236
Recommendation 3, 236
Conclusion 4, 243
Recommendation 4, 244
Conclusion 5, 256
Recommendation 5, 257
Summary, 262
Annex 4 1, 264
Annex 4 2, 268
Appendixes
A Acronyms and Abbreviations 283
B Committee Meetings 287
C Biographical Sketches of Committee Members 289 |
| adam_txt |
Contents
Executive Summary 1
1 Framing the Issue 15
Committee Charge and Process, 16
Emerging Technologies in the Life Sciences, 19
Notable Features of Technological Growth in the Life Sciences, 24
Definitions, 27
20th Century Germ Based Biowarfare, 32
Beating Nature: Is It Possible to Engineer a "Better Pathogen," 35
Natural Threats, 35
The Evolution of Pathogenicity: What Does It Take to
Cause Disease?, 40
The Importance of the Host Response, 45
Advancing Technologies Will Alter the Future Threat
Spectrum, 46
The Development and Use of Biological Weapons, 49
Biological Weapons are Fundamentally Different from
Other "Weapons of Mass Destruction," 52
The "Arms Race" Metaphor and the Difficult Issue of Secrecy, 59
The Need to Strike a Balance: Benefits of Technological
Growth, 60
The Dual Use Dilemma, 62
Committee Process, 65
Report Road Map, 65
xm
Xiv CONTENTS
2 Global Drivers and Trajectories of Advanced Life Sciences
Technologies 79
The Global Marketplace, 82
The Pharmaceutical Industry, 84
Global Growth of the Biotechnology Industry, 85
The Fledgling Nanobiotechnology Industry, 87
Agricultural Biotechnology, 90
Industrial Biotechnology, 96
Biodefense, 97
Global Dispersion of Knowledge, 98
Global Scientific Productivity, 98
Global Growth in Biotech Patent Activity, 102
Information Technology, 104
Global Dispersion of People, 106
Trends in Higher Education, 107
A Snapshot of the Global Technology Landscape, 112
East Asia and the Pacific, 113
Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 118
Latin America and the Caribbean, 120
Middle East and North Africa, 123
South Asia, 125
Sub Saharan Africa, 127
Summary, 129
3 Advances in Technologies with Relevance to Biology:
The Future Landscape 139
A Classification Scheme for Biological Technologies, 140
Acquisition of Novel Biological or Molecular Diversity, 142
DNA Synthesis, 143
DNA Shuffling, 146
Bioprospecting, 148
Combinatorial Chemistry: Generating Chemical Diversity, 150
High Throughput Screening, 154
Directed Design, 156
Rational Drug Design, 156
Synthetic Biology, 159
Genetic Engineering of Viruses, 161
Understanding and Manipulating Biological Systems, 165
RNA interference, 165
High Affinity Binding Reagents (Aptamers and Tadpoles), 169
Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 170
Systems Biology, 173
CONTENTS XV
Genomic Medicine, 175
Modulators of Homeostatic Systems, 178
Production, Delivery and "Packaging," 181
Plants as Production Platforms—"Biopharming", 181
Microfluidics and Microfabrication, 183
Nanotechnology, 184
Aerosol Technology, 186
Microencapsulation Technology, 189
Gene Therapy Technologies, 191
Targeting Biologically Active Materials to Specific Locations
in the Body, 192
The Complementarity and Synergy of Technologies, 195
Conclusion, 197
4 Conclusions and Recommendations 213
Conclusion 1, 218
Recommendation 1, 219
Conclusion 2, 231
Recommendation 2, 232
Conclusion 3, 236
Recommendation 3, 236
Conclusion 4, 243
Recommendation 4, 244
Conclusion 5, 256
Recommendation 5, 257
Summary, 262
Annex 4 1, 264
Annex 4 2, 268
Appendixes
A Acronyms and Abbreviations 283
B Committee Meetings 287
C Biographical Sketches of Committee Members 289 |
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| spellingShingle | Globalization, biosecurity, and the future of the life sciences Bioterrorism Biological warfare Biotechnology |
| title | Globalization, biosecurity, and the future of the life sciences |
| title_auth | Globalization, biosecurity, and the future of the life sciences |
| title_exact_search | Globalization, biosecurity, and the future of the life sciences |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Globalization, biosecurity, and the future of the life sciences |
| title_full | Globalization, biosecurity, and the future of the life sciences Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats, Development, Security, and Cooperation Policy and Global Affairs Division, Board on Global Health, Institute of Medicine, Institute of Medicine and National Research Council of the National Academies |
| title_fullStr | Globalization, biosecurity, and the future of the life sciences Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats, Development, Security, and Cooperation Policy and Global Affairs Division, Board on Global Health, Institute of Medicine, Institute of Medicine and National Research Council of the National Academies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Globalization, biosecurity, and the future of the life sciences Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats, Development, Security, and Cooperation Policy and Global Affairs Division, Board on Global Health, Institute of Medicine, Institute of Medicine and National Research Council of the National Academies |
| title_short | Globalization, biosecurity, and the future of the life sciences |
| title_sort | globalization biosecurity and the future of the life sciences |
| topic | Bioterrorism Biological warfare Biotechnology |
| topic_facet | Bioterrorism Biological warfare Biotechnology |
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