Banking in China:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Basingstoke u.a.
Palgrave Macmillan
2007
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Palgrave Macmillan studies in banking and financial institutions
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 305 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780230006959 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 300 | |a XXI, 305 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136406053814272 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Tables xii
List of Figures xv
List of Abbreviations xvi
Introduction xix
Part I Setting the Stage
1 Structure of the Banking System 3
1.1 Historical developments 4
1.2 Organisation and structure of the banking landscape 5
Financial institutions 5
1.3 Key indicators of the Chinese banking system 8
Geographic scope 11
Banking performance rankings 12
1.4 Reform of the Chinese banking sector 13
Systemic risk 14
Allocation of resources and banking sector reform 14
Impetus for banking sector reform 15
Current reform focus 15
Part II Financial Infrastructure
2 Legal and Regulatory Environment 21
2.1 Regulatory authorities 21
People s Bank of China 21
China Banking Regulatory Commission 23
Regulatory instruments 24
Regulators independence 26
Other regulatory agencies 27
2.2 Important commercial banking laws and regulations 27
Prudential indicators 31
2.3 Lending and deposit rates 32
2.4 Credit registries 34
2.5 Credit rating industry in China 35
vii
viii Contents
3 Exit Mechanisms in Banking 39
3.1 Deposit insurance 39
3.2 Bankruptcy 41
Bankruptcy of enterprises 41
Proceedings for banks 42
Issues and constraints in current bankruptcy
proceedings 44
4 Role of the State 46
4.1 Financial influence 46
4.2 Influence on decision making 47
4.3 The role of the regulators 50
4.4 Rationale behind the influence of the state 51
5 Foreign Banks in China 53
5.1 Historical developments and rationale behind entry 53
5.2 Critics to the introduction of foreign shareholders 59
5.3 Foreign investors environment 60
Conclusion 63
Part III Specific Issues
6 Financial Intermediation 67
6.1 Definition and measurement 67
6.2 Financial intermediation and financial infrastructure 70
6.3 Enterprises financing 72
State owned enterprises 73
Private and collective enterprises 74
Importance of banks in financing enterprises 76
6.4 Informal financial intermediation 77
7 Non performing Loans 81
7.1 Estimating the level of NPLs 82
7.2 Classification standards of NPLs 83
7.3 Reasons for the emergence of NPLs 84
7.4 Resolving the NPL issues 86
7.5 New loan quality 89
7.6 NPLs and systemic risk 93
8 Capital Adequacy and Risk Management 96
8.1 Capital adequacy 96
8.2 New capital adequacy rules 98
Contents ix
8.3 Chinese regulations and international standards
A comparison 102
8.4 Current state of risk management systems in
Chinese banks 103
9 Governance and Corruption 106
9.1 Corruption 106
9.2 Corporate governance 108
9.3 Corporate governance regulatory framework
in China 111
9.4 Corporate governance in Chinese banks 113
9.5 State ownership and corporate governance 114
Conclusion 117
Part IV Analysis of Different Bank Types
10 State Owned Commercial Banks 121
10.1 Key indicators and figures 121
10.2 Market share and position 121
10.3 Ownership and enterprise forms 121
10.4 Historical developments 123
10.5 Geographic and business scope 123
10.6 Management 124
10.7 Financial performance 125
10.8 Challenges and opportunities 125
11 Joint Stock Commercial Banks 128
11.1 Key indicators and figures 128
11.2 Market share and position 128
11.3 Ownership and enterprise forms 130
11.4 Historical developments 130
11.5 Specific regulations and authorities 130
11.6 Geographic and business scope 131
11.7 Management 131
11.8 Financial performance 131
11.9 Challenges and opportunities 132
12 City Commercial Banks 135
12.1 Key indicators and figures 135
12.2 Market share and position 135
12.3 Ownership and enterprise forms 136
12.4 Historical developments 138
x Contents
12.5 Specific regulations and authorities
12.6 Geographic and business scope
12.7 Management
12.8 Financial performance
12.9 Challenges and opportunities
139
139
140
141
142
13 Foreign Banks 145
13.1 Key indicators and figures 145
13.2 Market share and position 145
13.3 Ownership and enterprise forms 145
13.4 Historical developments 146
13.5 Specific regulations and authorities 146
13.6 Geographic and business scope 147
13.7 Management 148
13.8 Financial performance 148
13.9 Challenges and opportunities 148
14 Rural Credit Cooperatives 150
14.1 Key indicators and figures 150
14.2 Market share and position 151
14.3 Ownership and enterprise forms 151
14.4 Historical developments 153
14.5 Specific regulations and authorities 154
14.6 Geographic and business scope 154
14.7 Management 155
14.8 Financial performance 155
14.9 Reform of RCCs underway 156
14.10 Challenges and opportunities 157
Conclusion 161
Part V Future Challenges
15 Retail Banking 165
15.1 Credit card lending 167
15.2 Automobile finance 169
15.3 Real estate lending 169
16 Impact of the New Capital Accord 171
16.1 Rationale and incentives behind the current
implementation schedule 172
Regulators incentives 173
Banks incentives 174
Contents xi
16.2 Further implementation of Basel II 175
16.3 Quantitative impact of Basel II on
Chinese banks 179
Impact on capital requirements 179
Impact on costs structures in Chinese banks 183
16.4 Qualitative impact of the Basel II accord 185
16.5 Impact of Basel II on the Chinese banking system 188
17 Entry to the World Trade Organisation 191
17.1 Chinese commitments 191
Compliance progress in the banking sector 192
Other barriers to foreign banks entry 196
National treatment for all 198
17.2 Impact of foreign entry on emerging markets 199
17.3 Impact of banking industry players 200
Likely response of foreign banks 200
Likely response of Chinese banks 203
Impact of WTO entry on authorities 205
17.4 Impact of WTO entry on the banking system 205
Conclusion 208
Part VI Conclusion
Annexes 213
Notes 247
Bibliography 258
Index 290
List of Tables
1.1 Macro economic indicators for China (2004) 3
1.2 Banking industry in China 7
1.3 Relation between GDP, M2 and banking assets in China 8
1.4 Banking asset growth in China (half yearly growth rates) 9
1.5 Lending yearly growth rates 10
1.6 Growth rates based on loan maturities (year on year
growth) 11
1.7 Number of branches in Chinese banks (2004) 12
1.8 Herfindahl index for the Chinese banking industry (2004) 14
2.1 Bank assessment system CAMELS 25
2.2 Risk supervision in banks 25
2.3 Summary of capital requirements for commercial
banks licences 28
2.4 Main regulations concerning banking business in China 30
2.5 Prudential indicators for banks 31
2.6 Interest income weight at selected Chinese banks 33
2.7 Six largest domestic credit rating agencies and their
business scope 36
3.1 Selected rescue activities of bad banks in recent
years in China 43
4.1 Lending yearly growth rates 48
5.1 Foreign shareholdings in Chinese banks (up to May 2006) 55
6.1 Loans and deposits in China 67
6.2 Relation between GDP, M2 and banking assets in China 68
6.3 Enterprises by economic sector in China and their
portfolio share (end 2004) 69
6.4 Loan portfolio geographic distribution for selected
banks (2005) 72
6.5 Enterprises by ownership type in China (end 2004) 73
6.6 Loan portfolios collateralisation (2005) 75
6.7 Sources of finance for Chinese and US enterprises 77
7.1 NPLs holdings in China (end 2005) 81
7.2 Non performing loans in China 82
7.3 Four tier and five tier loan classification 84
7.4 Non performing loans disposals at state owned
commercial banks 87
List of Tables xiii
7.5 Write offs in China for selected banks 88
7.6 Special mention (SM) loans in Chinese banks 91
7.7 Loan by main industries 92
7.8 Hidden risks in Chinese banks 93
7.9 Maturity of loan portfolios at selected banks (2005) 94
8.1 Capital ratios at selected Chinese banks 97
8.2 Recapitalisation cost of banks (2004) 97
8.3 Loan to deposits ratio at selected Chinese banks 98
8.4 Capital adequacy ratios for selected Chinese banks 99
8.5 Changes in loan risk weightings 100
8.6 Mandatory special loan loss provisions 101
9.1 Corruption in China (2005) 107
9.2 Corruption investigations in 2005 107
9.3 Profitability of Chinese banks 110
IV. 1 Banking system SWOT analysis 119
10.1 State owned commercial banks performance overview 122
10.2 Number of branches in Chinese SOCBs (2004) 124
10.3 Skills and experience of Chinese SOCBs
employees (2002, %) 124
10.4 SOCBs SWOT analysis 127
11.1 Selected joint stock commercial banks performance
overview 2005 129
11.2 Number of branches in Chinese JSCBs (2004) 131
11.3 Skills and experience of Chinese JSCBs employees
(2002, %) 132
11.4 SWOT analysis for JSCBs 134
12.1 Main indicators for CCBs 136
12.2 City commercial banks performance overview 2004 137
12.3 Financial support from local governments to CCBs
(1994 2004) 138
12.4 Funds and NPL reductions for selected CCBs (2005) 138
12.5 Branches of City Commercial Banks (2002) 140
12.6 SWOT analysis for CCBs 144
13.1 Foreign banks SWOT analysis 149
14.1 Main indicators for rural FIs in China (in CNY) 150
14.2 SWOT analysis for RCCs 160
15.1 Loan to consumers and in real estate at selected
Chinese banks (2005) 166
16.1 Current situation in China in terms of Basel II
implementation 175
16.2 Selected key data and ratios for selected banks (2004) 179
xiv List of Tables
16.3 Capital requirements for Chinese banks for credit risk
(not operational or market risks), based on 2004 figures 181
16.4 Risk weighted assets under the above assumptions Basel I,
Basel II (Standardised and IRB centralised approach) 183
17.1 China s WTO commitments for the banking sector 193
17.2 Comparison between licensing requirements 195
17.3 Growth of foreign banks to match Chinese banks 202
A.I CAMELS bank assessment system 212
A.2 Licensing requirements for Chinese banks 215
A.3 Licensing requirements for rural financial institutions 216
A.4 Licensing requirements for branches of rural financial
institutions 217
A. 5 Main licensing requirements for foreign banks
until 2005 218
A.6 Main licensing requirements for foreign banks
(since 2005) 219
A. 7 Corporate governance requirements in rural financial
institutions 228
A. 8 Basel Capital Accord 230
A.9 Risk approaches and parameters under the Basel Accord 233
A.10 Risk components or parameters for each exposure 235
A. 11 Evaluation of Basel II 238
A. 12 Interest rates for loans to Chinese banks 242
A. 13 Weighted average cost of capital for Chinese banks
(under the current conditions) 243
A. 14 Comparison of loan interest rates for Chinese borrowers 244
List of Figures
1.1 The structure of the Chinese banking system 6
1.2 Banking asset growth in China 9
1.3 Loans by maturity 10
1.4 Short term loans by sector 11
6.1 Deposits by origin 69
6.2 Total deposits 71
7.1 Decrease in NPLs in China 89
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
List of Tables xii
List of Figures xv
List of Abbreviations xvi
Introduction xix
Part I Setting the Stage
1 Structure of the Banking System 3
1.1 Historical developments 4
1.2 Organisation and structure of the banking landscape 5
Financial institutions 5
1.3 Key indicators of the Chinese banking system 8
Geographic scope 11
Banking performance rankings 12
1.4 Reform of the Chinese banking sector 13
Systemic risk 14
Allocation of resources and banking sector reform 14
Impetus for banking sector reform 15
Current reform focus 15
Part II Financial Infrastructure
2 Legal and Regulatory Environment 21
2.1 Regulatory authorities 21
People's Bank of China 21
China Banking Regulatory Commission 23
Regulatory instruments 24
Regulators' independence 26
Other regulatory agencies 27
2.2 Important commercial banking laws and regulations 27
Prudential indicators 31
2.3 Lending and deposit rates 32
2.4 Credit registries 34
2.5 Credit rating industry in China 35
vii
viii Contents
3 Exit Mechanisms in Banking 39
3.1 Deposit insurance 39
3.2 Bankruptcy 41
Bankruptcy of enterprises 41
Proceedings for banks 42
Issues and constraints in current bankruptcy
proceedings 44
4 Role of the State 46
4.1 Financial influence 46
4.2 Influence on decision making 47
4.3 The role of the regulators 50
4.4 Rationale behind the influence of the state 51
5 Foreign Banks in China 53
5.1 Historical developments and rationale behind entry 53
5.2 Critics to the introduction of foreign shareholders 59
5.3 Foreign investors' environment 60
Conclusion 63
Part III Specific Issues
6 Financial Intermediation 67
6.1 Definition and measurement 67
6.2 Financial intermediation and financial infrastructure 70
6.3 Enterprises financing 72
State owned enterprises 73
Private and collective enterprises 74
Importance of banks in financing enterprises 76
6.4 Informal financial intermediation 77
7 Non performing Loans 81
7.1 Estimating the level of NPLs 82
7.2 Classification standards of NPLs 83
7.3 Reasons for the emergence of NPLs 84
7.4 Resolving the NPL issues 86
7.5 New loan quality 89
7.6 NPLs and systemic risk 93
8 Capital Adequacy and Risk Management 96
8.1 Capital adequacy 96
8.2 New capital adequacy rules 98
Contents ix
8.3 Chinese regulations and international standards
A comparison 102
8.4 Current state of risk management systems in
Chinese banks 103
9 Governance and Corruption 106
9.1 Corruption 106
9.2 Corporate governance 108
9.3 Corporate governance regulatory framework
in China 111
9.4 Corporate governance in Chinese banks 113
9.5 State ownership and corporate governance 114
Conclusion 117
Part IV Analysis of Different Bank Types
10 State Owned Commercial Banks 121
10.1 Key indicators and figures 121
10.2 Market share and position 121
10.3 Ownership and enterprise forms 121
10.4 Historical developments 123
10.5 Geographic and business scope 123
10.6 Management 124
10.7 Financial performance 125
10.8 Challenges and opportunities 125
11 Joint Stock Commercial Banks 128
11.1 Key indicators and figures 128
11.2 Market share and position 128
11.3 Ownership and enterprise forms 130
11.4 Historical developments 130
11.5 Specific regulations and authorities 130
11.6 Geographic and business scope 131
11.7 Management 131
11.8 Financial performance 131
11.9 Challenges and opportunities 132
12 City Commercial Banks 135
12.1 Key indicators and figures 135
12.2 Market share and position 135
12.3 Ownership and enterprise forms 136
12.4 Historical developments 138
x Contents
12.5 Specific regulations and authorities
12.6 Geographic and business scope
12.7 Management
12.8 Financial performance
12.9 Challenges and opportunities
139
139
140
141
142
13 Foreign Banks 145
13.1 Key indicators and figures 145
13.2 Market share and position 145
13.3 Ownership and enterprise forms 145
13.4 Historical developments 146
13.5 Specific regulations and authorities 146
13.6 Geographic and business scope 147
13.7 Management 148
13.8 Financial performance 148
13.9 Challenges and opportunities 148
14 Rural Credit Cooperatives 150
14.1 Key indicators and figures 150
14.2 Market share and position 151
14.3 Ownership and enterprise forms 151
14.4 Historical developments 153
14.5 Specific regulations and authorities 154
14.6 Geographic and business scope 154
14.7 Management 155
14.8 Financial performance 155
14.9 Reform of RCCs underway 156
14.10 Challenges and opportunities 157
Conclusion 161
Part V Future Challenges
15 Retail Banking 165
15.1 Credit card lending 167
15.2 Automobile finance 169
15.3 Real estate lending 169
16 Impact of the New Capital Accord 171
16.1 Rationale and incentives behind the current
implementation schedule 172
Regulators' incentives 173
Banks' incentives 174
Contents xi
16.2 Further implementation of Basel II 175
16.3 Quantitative impact of Basel II on
Chinese banks 179
Impact on capital requirements 179
Impact on costs structures in Chinese banks 183
16.4 Qualitative impact of the Basel II accord 185
16.5 Impact of Basel II on the Chinese banking system 188
17 Entry to the World Trade Organisation 191
17.1 Chinese commitments 191
Compliance progress in the banking sector 192
Other barriers to foreign banks' entry 196
National treatment for all 198
17.2 Impact of foreign entry on emerging markets 199
17.3 Impact of banking industry players 200
Likely response of foreign banks 200
Likely response of Chinese banks 203
Impact of WTO entry on authorities 205
17.4 Impact of WTO entry on the banking system 205
Conclusion 208
Part VI Conclusion
Annexes 213
Notes 247
Bibliography 258
Index 290
List of Tables
1.1 Macro economic indicators for China (2004) 3
1.2 Banking industry in China 7
1.3 Relation between GDP, M2 and banking assets in China 8
1.4 Banking asset growth in China (half yearly growth rates) 9
1.5 Lending yearly growth rates 10
1.6 Growth rates based on loan maturities (year on year
growth) 11
1.7 Number of branches in Chinese banks (2004) 12
1.8 Herfindahl index for the Chinese banking industry (2004) 14
2.1 Bank assessment system CAMELS 25
2.2 Risk supervision in banks 25
2.3 Summary of capital requirements for commercial
banks licences 28
2.4 Main regulations concerning banking business in China 30
2.5 Prudential indicators for banks 31
2.6 Interest income weight at selected Chinese banks 33
2.7 Six largest domestic credit rating agencies and their
business scope 36
3.1 Selected rescue activities of bad banks in recent
years in China 43
4.1 Lending yearly growth rates 48
5.1 Foreign shareholdings in Chinese banks (up to May 2006) 55
6.1 Loans and deposits in China 67
6.2 Relation between GDP, M2 and banking assets in China 68
6.3 Enterprises by economic sector in China and their
portfolio share (end 2004) 69
6.4 Loan portfolio geographic distribution for selected
banks (2005) 72
6.5 Enterprises by ownership type in China (end 2004) 73
6.6 Loan portfolios' collateralisation (2005) 75
6.7 Sources of finance for Chinese and US enterprises 77
7.1 NPLs holdings in China (end 2005) 81
7.2 Non performing loans in China 82
7.3 Four tier and five tier loan classification 84
7.4 Non performing loans disposals at state owned
commercial banks 87
List of Tables xiii
7.5 Write offs in China for selected banks 88
7.6 Special mention (SM) loans in Chinese banks 91
7.7 Loan by main industries 92
7.8 Hidden risks in Chinese banks 93
7.9 Maturity of loan portfolios at selected banks (2005) 94
8.1 Capital ratios at selected Chinese banks 97
8.2 Recapitalisation cost of banks (2004) 97
8.3 Loan to deposits ratio at selected Chinese banks 98
8.4 Capital adequacy ratios for selected Chinese banks 99
8.5 Changes in loan risk weightings 100
8.6 Mandatory special loan loss provisions 101
9.1 Corruption in China (2005) 107
9.2 Corruption investigations in 2005 107
9.3 Profitability of Chinese banks 110
IV. 1 Banking system SWOT analysis 119
10.1 State owned commercial banks performance overview 122
10.2 Number of branches in Chinese SOCBs (2004) 124
10.3 Skills and experience of Chinese SOCBs
employees (2002, %) 124
10.4 SOCBs'SWOT analysis 127
11.1 Selected joint stock commercial banks performance
overview 2005 129
11.2 Number of branches in Chinese JSCBs (2004) 131
11.3 Skills and experience of Chinese JSCBs employees
(2002, %) 132
11.4 SWOT analysis for JSCBs 134
12.1 Main indicators for CCBs 136
12.2 City commercial banks performance overview 2004 137
12.3 Financial support from local governments to CCBs
(1994 2004) 138
12.4 Funds and NPL reductions for selected CCBs (2005) 138
12.5 Branches of City Commercial Banks (2002) 140
12.6 SWOT analysis for CCBs 144
13.1 Foreign banks'SWOT analysis 149
14.1 Main indicators for rural FIs in China (in CNY) 150
14.2 SWOT analysis for RCCs 160
15.1 Loan to consumers and in real estate at selected
Chinese banks (2005) 166
16.1 Current situation in China in terms of Basel II
implementation 175
16.2 Selected key data and ratios for selected banks (2004) 179
xiv List of Tables
16.3 Capital requirements for Chinese banks for credit risk
(not operational or market risks), based on 2004 figures 181
16.4 Risk weighted assets under the above assumptions Basel I,
Basel II (Standardised and IRB centralised approach) 183
17.1 China's WTO commitments for the banking sector 193
17.2 Comparison between licensing requirements 195
17.3 Growth of foreign banks to match Chinese banks 202
A.I CAMELS bank assessment system 212
A.2 Licensing requirements for Chinese banks 215
A.3 Licensing requirements for rural financial institutions 216
A.4 Licensing requirements for branches of rural financial
institutions 217
A. 5 Main licensing requirements for foreign banks
until 2005 218
A.6 Main licensing requirements for foreign banks
(since 2005) 219
A. 7 Corporate governance requirements in rural financial
institutions 228
A. 8 Basel Capital Accord 230
A.9 Risk approaches and parameters under the Basel Accord 233
A.10 Risk components or parameters for each exposure 235
A. 11 Evaluation of Basel II 238
A. 12 Interest rates for loans to Chinese banks 242
A. 13 Weighted average cost of capital for Chinese banks
(under the current conditions) 243
A. 14 Comparison of loan interest rates for Chinese borrowers 244
List of Figures
1.1 The structure of the Chinese banking system 6
1.2 Banking asset growth in China 9
1.3 Loans by maturity 10
1.4 Short term loans by sector 11
6.1 Deposits by origin 69
6.2 Total deposits 71
7.1 Decrease in NPLs in China 89 |
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| geographic | China gtt China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | China |
| id | DE-604.BV022358537 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:02:23Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:55:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780230006959 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2006052014 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015567911 |
| oclc_num | 71790354 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | XXI, 305 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Palgrave Macmillan studies in banking and financial institutions |
| spelling | Cousin, Violaine Verfasser aut Banking in China Violaine Cousin Basingstoke u.a. Palgrave Macmillan 2007 XXI, 305 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Palgrave Macmillan studies in banking and financial institutions Includes bibliographical references and index Bankwezen gtt Bank Banks and banking China Kreditwesen (DE-588)4032950-1 gnd rswk-swf China gtt China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd rswk-swf China (DE-588)4009937-4 g Kreditwesen (DE-588)4032950-1 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015567911&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cousin, Violaine Banking in China Bankwezen gtt Bank Banks and banking China Kreditwesen (DE-588)4032950-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4032950-1 (DE-588)4009937-4 |
| title | Banking in China |
| title_auth | Banking in China |
| title_exact_search | Banking in China |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Banking in China |
| title_full | Banking in China Violaine Cousin |
| title_fullStr | Banking in China Violaine Cousin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Banking in China Violaine Cousin |
| title_short | Banking in China |
| title_sort | banking in china |
| topic | Bankwezen gtt Bank Banks and banking China Kreditwesen (DE-588)4032950-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bankwezen Bank Banks and banking China Kreditwesen China |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015567911&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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