Empathy in patient care: antecedents, development, measurement, and outcomes
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Springer
2007
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. 227-266) and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXXVI, 295 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780387336077 0387336079 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
Foreword:
Preface
Acknowledgments
A Personal Odyssey
Parti. Empathy in Human Relationships
1.
Preamble
Introduction
The Origin and History of the Term Empathy
Definitions, Descriptions, and Features
Empathy Viewed from the Cognitive and Emotional
Perspectives
Cognition and Emotion
Understanding and Feeling
Empathy and Sympathy
Empathy and Sympathy in the Context of Patient Care
Recapitulation
2.
Preamble
Introduction
The Need for Connectedness
The Making of Connectedness
Beneficial Outcomes of Making Connections
Detrimental Outcomes of Breaking Connections
Human Connections in Therapy
The Gift of Being Present in Patient Care
The
of Human Connection
Recapitulation
3.
Neuroanatomy, and Heritability
Preamble
Introduction
xxxi
Empathy in Patient Care
An Evolutionary Perspective
Nonverbal Means of
Mimicry and Facial Expression
Psycho-Socio-Physiology
Neuroanatomy
Neurological Impairment and Empathy
The Mirror Neuron System
Heritability
Recapitulation
4.
Preamble
Introduction
The Nature-Nurture Debate
The Family Environment
The Parents
The Hand That Sows the Seeds
Other Paths to the Development of Empathy in Childhood
Regulation of Emotions
Recapitulation
5.
Preamble
Introduction
Measurement of Empathy in Children and Adolescents
Reflexive or Reactive Crying
The Picture or Story Methods
The Feshbach Affective Situations Test of Empathy
The Index of Empathy
Measurement of Empathy in Adults
The Most Frequently Used Instruments
Other Instruments
Physiological and Neurological Indicators of Empathy
Relationships Among Measures of Empathy
A Measure Specifically Designed for the Patient-Care Context
Recapitulation
Partii.
6.
in Patient Care
Preamble
Introduction
The World Health Organization s Definition of Health
and a Biopsychosocial Paradigm
XXXII
Contents
Definition and Key Features
Cognition
Understanding
Communication of Understanding
Recapitulation
7.
Preamble
Introduction
Development of a Framework
Review of the Literature
Examination of Face Validity
Examination of Content Validity
Preliminary Psychometric Analyses
Likert-Type Scaling
Factor Analysis to Retain the Best Items
The Generic Version of the Scale
Construct Validity
Criterion-Related Validity
Internal Consistency Reliability
Revisions to Develop the Health Professional
and Student Versions
Revisions to Balance Positively and Negatively Worded
Items
Revisions to Improve Clarity for an International Audience
Comparisons of the Generic, Health Professional,
and Student Versions
Psychometric Properties of the HP-Version
Psychometric Properties of the S-Version
Other Indicators of Validity
Administration and Scoring
A Brief Scale to Measure Patients Perceptions
of Physicians Empathy
Broad National and International Attention 111
Two Caveats 111
1
2
Recapitulation
8.
Relationships
Preamble
Introduction
Benefits of
Benefits of
Curing Versus Caring; Disease Versus Illness
XXXIII
Empathy in Patient Care
Uniqueness of Clinician-Patient
Bonding for Survival (the Stockholm Syndrome)
The Clinician as an Authority Figure
Role Expectations (the Stanford Prison Experiment)
The Effect of Environment (the
The Psychodynamics of Clinical Encounters
Identification
The Wounded Healer Effect
Transference
Countertransference
Empathy Enhancing Factors in Clinician-Patient Encounters
The Placebo Effect
Recognition of Nonverbal Cues
The Third Ear and the Mind s Eye
Cultural Factors
Personal Space
Boundaries
Recapitulation
9.
Competence, and Career Choice
Preamble
Introduction
Sex Differences
Sensitivity to Social Stimuli
Perception of Emotions and Decoding of
Emotional Signals
Interpersonal Style, Verbal Ability, Aggressive Behavior,
and Caring Attitudes
Empathy as a Function of Sex Differences
Sex Differences in the Practice of Medicine
Psychosocial
Prosocial
Personal Qualities
Academic Attainment and Clinical Competence
Choice of a Career
Clinical Importance of the Differences
Recapitulation
10.
Preamble
Introduction
A Theoretical Framework
The Clinician-Patient Relationship and Patient Outcomes
Patient Satisfaction
XXXIV
Contents
Adherence and Compliance
166
Malpractice Claims
168
Physicians Empathy and Patient Outcomes
169
Recapitulation
171
11.
173
Preamble
173
Introduction
173
Professionalism in Medicine
174
Obstacles to Empathy in Patient Care
175
Cynicism
175
Paradigmatic Shift in the Health Care System
177
Overreliance on Biotechnology
179
The Amenability of Empathy to Change
180
The State-Versus-Trait Debate
181
Changes in Empathy During Professional Education
181
Approaches to the Enhancement of Empathy
184
Social and Counseling Psychology
185
The Health Professions
187
The Study of Literature and the Arts
194
Narrative Skills
197
Effectiveness of the Programs
198
Recapitulation
199
12.
Directions
.... 201
Preamble
Introduction
A Systemic Paradigm of Empathy in Patient Care
Major Subsets of the System
The Clinical Encounter
Outcomes
An Agenda for Future Research
1
2
3
Admissions to Medical Schools and Residencies?
4
Success?
5
Education?
6
Contribute to Empathy Outcomes?
7
ofEmpathy?
Concluding Remarks
xxxv
Empathy in Patient Care
Appendices
Appendix A. Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy
(HP-Version)
Appendix B. Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE)
(S-Version)
Appendix C. Jefferson Scale of Patient s Perceptions of
Physician Empathy (JSPPPE)
References
Author Index
Subject Index
About the Author
XXXVI
Empathy has long been recognized as a key element of the healing professions. Yet it is not
always clear how to define the concept, how to measure it, whether there are effective
methods to enhance empathy, or whether empathy really helps make treatment more
effective. Drawing on evolutionary research, neurological findings, developmental and
psychodynamic perspectives, and systems theory, Empathy in Patient Care explains why
this human quality is essential to positive health outcomes
and how professionals can benefit from its enhancement.
Dr. Hojat proceeds from theoretical constructs of empathy as a core ingredient of human
relationships to analyze the nuanced roles it plays in the therapeutic dyad. Twelve insight¬
ful chapters define empathy as it develops during the crucial early months of life, relate it
to specific biopsychosocial aspects of health, and place empathy firmly in the context of
patient care:
•
positive treatment outcomes, and better patient compliance
•
care
•
•
clinicians practice styles
•
should be considered in admissions decisions
•
specific versions of this measure for practitioners, students, and patients.
Written with great professional and personal vision, Empathy in Patient Care opens its
readers
the faculty who work with them
attribute.
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Foreword:
Preface
Acknowledgments
A Personal Odyssey
Parti. Empathy in Human Relationships
1.
Preamble
Introduction
The Origin and History of the Term Empathy
Definitions, Descriptions, and Features
Empathy Viewed from the Cognitive and Emotional
Perspectives
Cognition and Emotion
Understanding and Feeling
Empathy and Sympathy
Empathy and Sympathy in the Context of Patient Care
Recapitulation
2.
Preamble
Introduction
The Need for Connectedness
The Making of Connectedness
Beneficial Outcomes of Making Connections
Detrimental Outcomes of Breaking Connections
Human Connections in Therapy
The Gift of Being Present in Patient Care
The
of Human Connection
Recapitulation
3.
Neuroanatomy, and Heritability
Preamble
Introduction
xxxi
Empathy in Patient Care
An Evolutionary Perspective
Nonverbal Means of
Mimicry and Facial Expression
Psycho-Socio-Physiology
Neuroanatomy
Neurological Impairment and Empathy
The Mirror Neuron System
Heritability
Recapitulation
4.
Preamble
Introduction
The Nature-Nurture Debate
The Family Environment
The Parents
The Hand That Sows the Seeds
Other Paths to the Development of Empathy in Childhood
Regulation of Emotions
Recapitulation
5.
Preamble
Introduction
Measurement of Empathy in Children and Adolescents
Reflexive or Reactive Crying
The Picture or Story Methods
The Feshbach Affective Situations Test of Empathy
The Index of Empathy
Measurement of Empathy in Adults
The Most Frequently Used Instruments
Other Instruments
Physiological and Neurological Indicators of Empathy
Relationships Among Measures of Empathy
A Measure Specifically Designed for the Patient-Care Context
Recapitulation
Partii.
6.
in Patient Care
Preamble
Introduction
The World Health Organization's Definition of Health
and a Biopsychosocial Paradigm
XXXII
Contents
Definition and Key Features
Cognition
Understanding
Communication of Understanding
Recapitulation
7.
Preamble
Introduction
Development of a Framework
Review of the Literature
Examination of Face Validity
Examination of Content Validity
Preliminary Psychometric Analyses
Likert-Type Scaling
Factor Analysis to Retain the Best Items
The Generic Version of the Scale
Construct Validity
Criterion-Related Validity
Internal Consistency Reliability
Revisions to Develop the Health Professional
and Student Versions
Revisions to Balance Positively and Negatively Worded
Items
Revisions to Improve Clarity for an International Audience
Comparisons of the Generic, Health Professional,
and Student Versions
Psychometric Properties of the HP-Version
Psychometric Properties of the S-Version
Other Indicators of Validity
Administration and Scoring
A Brief Scale to Measure Patients' Perceptions
of Physicians' Empathy
Broad National and International Attention 111
Two Caveats 111
1
2
Recapitulation
8.
Relationships
Preamble
Introduction
Benefits of
Benefits of
Curing Versus Caring; Disease Versus Illness
XXXIII
Empathy in Patient Care
Uniqueness of Clinician-Patient
Bonding for Survival (the Stockholm Syndrome)
The Clinician as an Authority Figure
Role Expectations (the Stanford Prison Experiment)
The Effect of Environment (the
The Psychodynamics of Clinical Encounters
Identification
The "Wounded Healer" Effect
Transference
Countertransference
Empathy Enhancing Factors in Clinician-Patient Encounters
The Placebo Effect
Recognition of Nonverbal Cues
The "Third Ear" and the "Mind's Eye"
Cultural Factors
Personal Space
Boundaries
Recapitulation
9.
Competence, and Career Choice
Preamble
Introduction
Sex Differences
Sensitivity to Social Stimuli
Perception of Emotions and Decoding of
Emotional Signals
Interpersonal Style, Verbal Ability, Aggressive Behavior,
and Caring Attitudes
Empathy as a Function of Sex Differences
Sex Differences in the Practice of Medicine
Psychosocial
Prosocial
Personal Qualities
Academic Attainment and Clinical Competence
Choice of a Career
Clinical Importance of the Differences
Recapitulation
10.
Preamble
Introduction
A Theoretical Framework
The Clinician-Patient Relationship and Patient Outcomes
Patient Satisfaction
XXXIV
Contents
Adherence and Compliance
166
Malpractice Claims
168
Physicians' Empathy and Patient Outcomes
169
Recapitulation
171
11.
173
Preamble
173
Introduction
173
Professionalism in Medicine
174
Obstacles to Empathy in Patient Care
175
Cynicism
175
Paradigmatic Shift in the Health Care System
177
Overreliance on Biotechnology
179
The Amenability of Empathy to Change
180
The State-Versus-Trait Debate
181
Changes in Empathy During Professional Education
181
Approaches to the Enhancement of Empathy
184
Social and Counseling Psychology
185
The Health Professions
187
The Study of Literature and the Arts
194
Narrative Skills
197
Effectiveness of the Programs
198
Recapitulation
199
12.
Directions
. 201
Preamble
Introduction
A Systemic Paradigm of Empathy in Patient Care
Major Subsets of the System
The Clinical Encounter
Outcomes
An Agenda for Future Research
1
2
3
Admissions to Medical Schools and Residencies?
4
Success?
5
Education?
6
Contribute to Empathy Outcomes?
7
ofEmpathy?
Concluding Remarks
xxxv
Empathy in Patient Care
Appendices
Appendix A. Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy
(HP-Version)
Appendix B. Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE)
(S-Version)
Appendix C. Jefferson Scale of Patient's Perceptions of
Physician Empathy (JSPPPE)
References
Author Index
Subject Index
About the Author
XXXVI
Empathy has long been recognized as a key element of the healing professions. Yet it is not
always clear how to define the concept, how to measure it, whether there are effective
methods to enhance empathy, or whether empathy really helps make treatment more
effective. Drawing on evolutionary research, neurological findings, developmental and
psychodynamic perspectives, and systems theory, Empathy in Patient Care explains why
this human quality is essential to positive health outcomes
and how professionals can benefit from its enhancement.
Dr. Hojat proceeds from theoretical constructs of empathy as a core ingredient of human
relationships to analyze the nuanced roles it plays in the therapeutic dyad. Twelve insight¬
ful chapters define empathy as it develops during the crucial early months of life, relate it
to specific biopsychosocial aspects of health, and place empathy firmly in the context of
patient care:
•
positive treatment outcomes, and better patient compliance
•
care
•
•
clinicians' practice styles
•
should be considered in admissions decisions
•
specific versions of this measure for practitioners, students, and patients.
Written with great professional and personal vision, Empathy in Patient Care opens its
readers
the faculty who work with them
attribute. |
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| id | DE-604.BV022277981 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:48:29Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:53:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780387336077 0387336079 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2006924590 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015488338 |
| oclc_num | 74650481 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | XXXVI, 295 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Hojat, Mohammadreza Verfasser aut Empathy in patient care antecedents, development, measurement, and outcomes Mohammadreza Hojat New York, NY Springer 2007 XXXVI, 295 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (p. 227-266) and index Arts-patiënt-relatie gtt Empathie Empathie - Évaluation Empathie gtt Médecine - Pratique Relations médecin-patient Soins médicaux Physician and patient Empathy Physician-Patient Relations Patient Care psychology Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Helfende Beziehung (DE-588)4123365-7 gnd rswk-swf Arzt (DE-588)4003157-3 gnd rswk-swf Patient (DE-588)4044903-8 gnd rswk-swf Therapieerfolg (DE-588)4126073-9 gnd rswk-swf Einfühlung (DE-588)4133262-3 gnd rswk-swf Arzt (DE-588)4003157-3 s Patient (DE-588)4044903-8 s Einfühlung (DE-588)4133262-3 s DE-604 Helfende Beziehung (DE-588)4123365-7 s Therapieerfolg (DE-588)4126073-9 s b DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015488338&sequence=000007&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015488338&sequence=000008&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Hojat, Mohammadreza Empathy in patient care antecedents, development, measurement, and outcomes Arts-patiënt-relatie gtt Empathie Empathie - Évaluation Empathie gtt Médecine - Pratique Relations médecin-patient Soins médicaux Physician and patient Empathy Physician-Patient Relations Patient Care psychology Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Helfende Beziehung (DE-588)4123365-7 gnd Arzt (DE-588)4003157-3 gnd Patient (DE-588)4044903-8 gnd Therapieerfolg (DE-588)4126073-9 gnd Einfühlung (DE-588)4133262-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4123365-7 (DE-588)4003157-3 (DE-588)4044903-8 (DE-588)4126073-9 (DE-588)4133262-3 |
| title | Empathy in patient care antecedents, development, measurement, and outcomes |
| title_auth | Empathy in patient care antecedents, development, measurement, and outcomes |
| title_exact_search | Empathy in patient care antecedents, development, measurement, and outcomes |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Empathy in patient care antecedents, development, measurement, and outcomes |
| title_full | Empathy in patient care antecedents, development, measurement, and outcomes Mohammadreza Hojat |
| title_fullStr | Empathy in patient care antecedents, development, measurement, and outcomes Mohammadreza Hojat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Empathy in patient care antecedents, development, measurement, and outcomes Mohammadreza Hojat |
| title_short | Empathy in patient care |
| title_sort | empathy in patient care antecedents development measurement and outcomes |
| title_sub | antecedents, development, measurement, and outcomes |
| topic | Arts-patiënt-relatie gtt Empathie Empathie - Évaluation Empathie gtt Médecine - Pratique Relations médecin-patient Soins médicaux Physician and patient Empathy Physician-Patient Relations Patient Care psychology Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Helfende Beziehung (DE-588)4123365-7 gnd Arzt (DE-588)4003157-3 gnd Patient (DE-588)4044903-8 gnd Therapieerfolg (DE-588)4126073-9 gnd Einfühlung (DE-588)4133262-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Arts-patiënt-relatie Empathie Empathie - Évaluation Médecine - Pratique Relations médecin-patient Soins médicaux Physician and patient Empathy Physician-Patient Relations Patient Care psychology Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Helfende Beziehung Arzt Patient Therapieerfolg Einfühlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015488338&sequence=000007&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015488338&sequence=000008&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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