A study of inventors: incentives, productivity, and mobility
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Wiesbaden
Deutscher Univ.-Verl.
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. Aufl. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Gabler Edition Wissenschaft : Innovation und Entrepreneurship
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 199 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783835006508 3835006509 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A study of inventors |b incentives, productivity, and mobility |c von Karin Hoisl |
| 250 | |a 1. Aufl. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Wiesbaden |b Deutscher Univ.-Verl. |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 199 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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| 490 | 0 | |a Gabler Edition Wissenschaft : Innovation und Entrepreneurship | |
| 502 | |b Dissertation |c Universität München |d 2006 | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1809403473096081408 |
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| adam_text |
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 The Complexity of Invention and Review of the Literature 3
1.3 Summary of the Three Empirical Studies 6
2 A Closer Look at Inventor Productivity What Makes the Difference? 11
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Theoretical Background and Empirical Evidence 14
2.2.1 Literature Review 14
2.2.2 Scientists vs. Engineers 17
2.3 Hypotheses 19
2.4 Data Source and Description of the Variables 22
2.4.1 Description of the Data 22
2.4.2 Description of the Variables 24
2.4.2.1 Motivation for the Different Measures of Inventive Output 24
2.4.2.2 Dependent Variables 28
2.4.2.3 Explanatory Variables 30
2.5 Descriptive Statistics und Multivariate Results 31
2.5.1 Descriptive Statistics 31
2.5.2 Multivariate Specification 42
2.6 Panel Regression 50
2.6.1 Description of the Methodology 50
2.6.2 Multivariate Results 53
2.7 Conclusion 61
IX
3 Tracing Mobile Inventors The Causality between Inventor Mobility and
Inventor Productivity 65
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 Hypotheses 68
3.2.1 Hypotheses on Inventor Productivity 68
3.2.2 Hypotheses on Inventor Mobility 68
3.2.3 Hypotheses on the Causality between Productivity and Mobility 71
3.3 Data Source and Sample 75
3.3.1 Description of the Data 75
3.3.2 Variables 77
3.3.2.1 Dependent Variables 77
3.3.2.2 Explanatory Variables 80
3.4 Descriptive Statistics and Multivariate Results 82
3.4.1 Descriptive Results 82
3.4.2 Multivariate Specification 89
3.4.3 Discussion of the Results 91
3.5 Difference in Differences Estimation 101
3.5.1 Data Source, Matching, and Descriptive Results 102
3.5.2 Description of the Results 106
3.6 Conclusion 116
4 Institutionalized Incentives for Ingenuity Patent Value and the German
£mDlovees' Inventions Act 121
4.1 Introduction 121
4.2 Invention Processes and the German Employees' Inventions Act 123
4.2.1 Salient Features of Invention Processes 123
4.2.2 Institutionalized Compensation Schemes in Various Countries 125
4.2.3 Historical Aspects of the German Employees' Inventions Act 128
4.2.4 Regulations of the German Employees' Inventions Act as of 1957 129
4.2.5 The Impact of the German Employees' Inventions Act 132
4.3 Research Questions and Hypotheses 135
4.4 Data Source and Sample 136
4.4.1 Data Source the German Inventor Survey 136
4.4.2 Variables 138
X
4.5 Survey Evidence Descriptive Statistics 140
4.6 Multivariate Analysis 150
4.7 Conclusions 154
5 Summary of the Results and Outlook 155
Bibliography 161
Annex 1 175
Annex 2 177
Annex 3 181
XI
List of Figures
Figure 2.1: Absorptive capacity (according to Cohen/Levinthal 1990) 21
Figure 2.2: Yearly means of the number of claims specified in the patent applications
and yearly means of inventor team size 25
Figure 2.3: Average inventor team size by firm size 26
Figure 2.4: Patent activity index per technological area 27
Figure 2.5: Distribution of applications per inventor (whole counts) 38
Figure 2.6: Distribution of applications per inventor (fractional counts) 38
Figure 2.7: Distribution of the number of citations per inventor 39
Figure 2.8: Relationship between number of patent applications and number of
citations (scatter plot) 40
Figure 2.9: Productivity differences by age groups 57
Figure 2.10: Productivity differences by age groups (additional control for the priority
years of the patents) 59
Figure 3.1: Composition of the sample 76
Figure 3.2: Distribution of the number of applications per inventor 87
Figure 3.3: Distribution of inventor productivity 88
Figure 3.4: Distribution of the number of moves per inventor 88
Figure 3.5: Distribution of inventor mobility per 10 years inventive activity 89
Figure 3.6: Untreated control group design with pre and posttest
(Cook/Campbell 1979) 102
Figures 3.7a/b: Difference in differences estimator calculated for the mean share of
granted patents (4 year period and 3 year period) 108
Figure 4.1: Share of salary received as inventor compensation for this patent 141
Figure 4.2: Share of salary received as inventor compensation for all patents,
multiple inventors are included once 141
Figure 4.3: Effect of the German Employees' Inventions Act on incentives for
innovation 147
XIII
Figure 4.4: Incentives emerging from the German Employees' Inventive Act
(positive effect to motivation) 148
Figure 4.5: Disincentives emerging from the German Employees' Inventive Act
(negative effect to motivation) 149
XIV
List of Tables
Table 2.1: 25 top productive inventors (rank 1 to rank 12) 33
Table 2.2: Descriptive statistics 36
Table 2.3: Pearson correlation coefficients 37
Table 2.4: Number of applications (whole counts) by number of technical area 41
Table 2.5: Number of applications (whole counts) by level of education 41
Table 2.6: Number of applications (whole counts) by firm size 42
Table 2.7: Cook Weisberg test for heteroskedasticity 43
Table 2.8: OLS regression with heteroskedasticity robust standard errors 44
Table 2.9: Robust fixed effects panel estimation (Model 1) 55
Table 2.10: Robust fixed effects panel estimation (Model 2) 58
Table 2.11: Robust fixed effects panel estimation (Model 3) 61
Table3.1: Example 1 (applicant sequence of inventor 1) 78
Table 3.2: Example 2 (applicant sequence of inventor 2) 79
Table 3.3: Example 3 (applicant sequence of inventor 3) 79
Table 3.4 : Descriptive statistics 83
Table 3.5: Pearson correlation coefficients 85
Table 3.6: Differences between mobile and non mobile inventors according to
different incentives 85
Table 3.7: Share of mobile inventors by level of education 86
Table 3.8: Share of mobile inventors by regional characteristics 86
Table 3.9: 2SLS regression with heteroskedasticity robust standard errors 93
Table 3.10: Descriptive statistics 105
Table 3.11: T Test of difference in differences estimations for 4 and 3 year periods
before and after the event of a move 107
Table 3.12: Difference in differences regression estimation (OLS regression) 112
XV
Table 4.1: Descriptive statistics 142
Table 4.2: Inventor compensation by age and education 144
Table 4.3: Inventor compensation by firm size and number of inventors 145
Table 4.4: Inventor compensation by monetary patent value 145
Table 4.5: Inventor compensation by strategic patent value 146
Table 4.6: Means of compensation for this patent 147
XVI |
| adam_txt |
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 The Complexity of Invention and Review of the Literature 3
1.3 Summary of the Three Empirical Studies 6
2 A Closer Look at Inventor Productivity What Makes the Difference? 11
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Theoretical Background and Empirical Evidence 14
2.2.1 Literature Review 14
2.2.2 Scientists vs. Engineers 17
2.3 Hypotheses 19
2.4 Data Source and Description of the Variables 22
2.4.1 Description of the Data 22
2.4.2 Description of the Variables 24
2.4.2.1 Motivation for the Different Measures of Inventive Output 24
2.4.2.2 Dependent Variables 28
2.4.2.3 Explanatory Variables 30
2.5 Descriptive Statistics und Multivariate Results 31
2.5.1 Descriptive Statistics 31
2.5.2 Multivariate Specification 42
2.6 Panel Regression 50
2.6.1 Description of the Methodology 50
2.6.2 Multivariate Results 53
2.7 Conclusion 61
IX
3 Tracing Mobile Inventors The Causality between Inventor Mobility and
Inventor Productivity 65
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 Hypotheses 68
3.2.1 Hypotheses on Inventor Productivity 68
3.2.2 Hypotheses on Inventor Mobility 68
3.2.3 Hypotheses on the Causality between Productivity and Mobility 71
3.3 Data Source and Sample 75
3.3.1 Description of the Data 75
3.3.2 Variables 77
3.3.2.1 Dependent Variables 77
3.3.2.2 Explanatory Variables 80
3.4 Descriptive Statistics and Multivariate Results 82
3.4.1 Descriptive Results 82
3.4.2 Multivariate Specification 89
3.4.3 Discussion of the Results 91
3.5 Difference in Differences Estimation 101
3.5.1 Data Source, Matching, and Descriptive Results 102
3.5.2 Description of the Results 106
3.6 Conclusion 116
4 Institutionalized Incentives for Ingenuity Patent Value and the German
£mDlovees' Inventions Act 121
4.1 Introduction 121
4.2 Invention Processes and the German Employees' Inventions Act 123
4.2.1 Salient Features of Invention Processes 123
4.2.2 Institutionalized Compensation Schemes in Various Countries 125
4.2.3 Historical Aspects of the German Employees' Inventions Act 128
4.2.4 Regulations of the German Employees' Inventions Act as of 1957 129
4.2.5 The Impact of the German Employees' Inventions Act 132
4.3 Research Questions and Hypotheses 135
4.4 Data Source and Sample 136
4.4.1 Data Source the German Inventor Survey 136
4.4.2 Variables 138
X
4.5 Survey Evidence Descriptive Statistics 140
4.6 Multivariate Analysis 150
4.7 Conclusions 154
5 Summary of the Results and Outlook 155
Bibliography 161
Annex 1 175
Annex 2 177
Annex 3 181
XI
List of Figures
Figure 2.1: Absorptive capacity (according to Cohen/Levinthal 1990) 21
Figure 2.2: Yearly means of the number of claims specified in the patent applications
and yearly means of inventor team size 25
Figure 2.3: Average inventor team size by firm size 26
Figure 2.4: Patent activity index per technological area 27
Figure 2.5: Distribution of applications per inventor (whole counts) 38
Figure 2.6: Distribution of applications per inventor (fractional counts) 38
Figure 2.7: Distribution of the number of citations per inventor 39
Figure 2.8: Relationship between number of patent applications and number of
citations (scatter plot) 40
Figure 2.9: Productivity differences by age groups 57
Figure 2.10: Productivity differences by age groups (additional control for the priority
years of the patents) 59
Figure 3.1: Composition of the sample 76
Figure 3.2: Distribution of the number of applications per inventor 87
Figure 3.3: Distribution of inventor productivity 88
Figure 3.4: Distribution of the number of moves per inventor 88
Figure 3.5: Distribution of inventor mobility per 10 years inventive activity 89
Figure 3.6: Untreated control group design with pre and posttest
(Cook/Campbell 1979) 102
Figures 3.7a/b: Difference in differences estimator calculated for the mean share of
granted patents (4 year period and 3 year period) 108
Figure 4.1: Share of salary received as inventor compensation for this patent 141
Figure 4.2: Share of salary received as inventor compensation for all patents,
multiple inventors are included once 141
Figure 4.3: Effect of the German Employees' Inventions Act on incentives for
innovation 147
XIII
Figure 4.4: Incentives emerging from the German Employees' Inventive Act
(positive effect to motivation) 148
Figure 4.5: Disincentives emerging from the German Employees' Inventive Act
(negative effect to motivation) 149
XIV
List of Tables
Table 2.1: 25 top productive inventors (rank 1 to rank 12) 33
Table 2.2: Descriptive statistics 36
Table 2.3: Pearson correlation coefficients 37
Table 2.4: Number of applications (whole counts) by number of technical area 41
Table 2.5: Number of applications (whole counts) by level of education 41
Table 2.6: Number of applications (whole counts) by firm size 42
Table 2.7: Cook Weisberg test for heteroskedasticity 43
Table 2.8: OLS regression with heteroskedasticity robust standard errors 44
Table 2.9: Robust fixed effects panel estimation (Model 1) 55
Table 2.10: Robust fixed effects panel estimation (Model 2) 58
Table 2.11: Robust fixed effects panel estimation (Model 3) 61
Table3.1: Example 1 (applicant sequence of inventor 1) 78
Table 3.2: Example 2 (applicant sequence of inventor 2) 79
Table 3.3: Example 3 (applicant sequence of inventor 3) 79
Table 3.4 : Descriptive statistics 83
Table 3.5: Pearson correlation coefficients 85
Table 3.6: Differences between mobile and non mobile inventors according to
different incentives 85
Table 3.7: Share of mobile inventors by level of education 86
Table 3.8: Share of mobile inventors by regional characteristics 86
Table 3.9: 2SLS regression with heteroskedasticity robust standard errors 93
Table 3.10: Descriptive statistics 105
Table 3.11: T Test of difference in differences estimations for 4 and 3 year periods
before and after the event of a move 107
Table 3.12: Difference in differences regression estimation (OLS regression) 112
XV
Table 4.1: Descriptive statistics 142
Table 4.2: Inventor compensation by age and education 144
Table 4.3: Inventor compensation by firm size and number of inventors 145
Table 4.4: Inventor compensation by monetary patent value 145
Table 4.5: Inventor compensation by strategic patent value 146
Table 4.6: Means of compensation for this patent 147
XVI |
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| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 1. Aufl. |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:45:52Z |
| indexdate | 2024-09-06T00:13:40Z |
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| series2 | Gabler Edition Wissenschaft : Innovation und Entrepreneurship |
| spelling | Hoisl, Karin 1976- Verfasser (DE-588)102074989X aut A study of inventors incentives, productivity, and mobility von Karin Hoisl 1. Aufl. Wiesbaden Deutscher Univ.-Verl. 2007 XVI, 199 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Gabler Edition Wissenschaft : Innovation und Entrepreneurship Dissertation Universität München 2006 Humankapital (DE-588)4160783-1 gnd rswk-swf Erfinder (DE-588)4015222-4 gnd rswk-swf Produktivität (DE-588)4047364-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Erfinder (DE-588)4015222-4 s Produktivität (DE-588)4047364-8 s Humankapital (DE-588)4160783-1 s DE-604 http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/522150624.pdf Inhaltsverzeichnis HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015480504&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hoisl, Karin 1976- A study of inventors incentives, productivity, and mobility Humankapital (DE-588)4160783-1 gnd Erfinder (DE-588)4015222-4 gnd Produktivität (DE-588)4047364-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4160783-1 (DE-588)4015222-4 (DE-588)4047364-8 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | A study of inventors incentives, productivity, and mobility |
| title_auth | A study of inventors incentives, productivity, and mobility |
| title_exact_search | A study of inventors incentives, productivity, and mobility |
| title_exact_search_txtP | A study of inventors incentives, productivity, and mobility |
| title_full | A study of inventors incentives, productivity, and mobility von Karin Hoisl |
| title_fullStr | A study of inventors incentives, productivity, and mobility von Karin Hoisl |
| title_full_unstemmed | A study of inventors incentives, productivity, and mobility von Karin Hoisl |
| title_short | A study of inventors |
| title_sort | a study of inventors incentives productivity and mobility |
| title_sub | incentives, productivity, and mobility |
| topic | Humankapital (DE-588)4160783-1 gnd Erfinder (DE-588)4015222-4 gnd Produktivität (DE-588)4047364-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Humankapital Erfinder Produktivität Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/522150624.pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015480504&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hoislkarin astudyofinventorsincentivesproductivityandmobility |
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Inhaltsverzeichnis