How to read a paper: the basics of evidence-based medicine
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Malden, Mass. [u.a.]
BMJ Books [u.a.]
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 229 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1405139765 9781405139762 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
Foreword to the First Edition by Professor Sir David Weatherall, ix
Preface to the Third Edition, xi
Preface to the First Edition: do you need to read this book? xiii
Acknowledgements, xv
Chapter 1: Why read papers at all? 1
1.1 Does evidence based medicine simply mean reading papers in
medical journals ? 1
1.2 Why do people often groan when you mention evidence based
medicine? 3
1.3 Before you start: formulate the problem, 9
Chapter 2: Searching the literature, 15
2.1 Searching for evidence: key principles, 15
2.2 Medline and other raw databases, 17
2.3 Databases with search niters, 20
2.4 Databases of pre appraised articles, 21
2.5 Databases of synthesised evidence, 23
2.6 Databases of ongoing research, 24
2.7 Citation searching, 24
2.8 Human contact sources, 25
2.9 Worked examples of search problems, 26
Chapter 3: Getting your bearings: what is this
paper about? 40
3.1 The science of trashing papers, 40
3.2 Three preliminary questions to get your bearings, 42
3.3 Randomised controlled trials, 44
v
vi Contents
3.4 Cohort studies, 49
3.5 Case control studies, 50
3.6 Cross sectional surveys, 51
3.7 Case reports, 52
3.8 The traditional hierarchy of evidence, 53
3.9 A note on ethical considerations, 53
Chapter 4: Assessing methodological quality, 59
4.1 Was the study original? 59
4.2 Whom is the study about? 60
4.3 Was the design of the study sensible? 61
4.4 Was systematic bias avoided or minimised? 62
4.5 Was assessment blind ? 66
4.6 Were preliminary statistical questions addressed? 67
4.7 Summing up, 70
Chapter 5: Statistics for the non statistician, 73
5.1 How can non statisticians evaluate statistical tests? 73
5.2 Have the authors set the scene correctly? 74
5.3 Paired data, tails and outliers, 79
5.4 Correlation, regression and causation, 81
5.5 Probability and confidence, 83
5.6 The bottom line, 86
5.7 Summary, 88
Chapter 6: Papers that report drug trials, 90
6.1 Evidence and marketing, 90
6.2 Making decisions about therapy, 92
6.3 Surrogate end points, 93
6.4 How to get evidence out of a drug rep , 96
Chapter 7: Papers that report diagnostic or
screening tests, 100
7.1 Ten men in the dock, 100
7.2 Validating diagnostic tests against a gold standard, 101
7.3 Ten questions to ask about a paper which claims to validate a
diagnostic or screening test, 105
7.4 A note on likelihood ratios, 110
Contents vii
Chapter 8: Papers that summarise other papers (systematic
reviews and meta analyses), 114
8.1 When is a review systematic? 114
8.2 Evaluating systematic reviews, 117
8.3 Meta analysis for the non statistician, 122
8.4 Explaining heterogeneity, 126
8.5 New approaches to systematic review, 130
Chapter 9: Papers that tell you what to do (guidelines), 134
9.1 The great guidelines debate, 134
9.2 How can we help ensure that evidence based guidelines are
followed? 137
9.3 Ten questions to ask about a clinical guideline, 142
Chapter 10: Papers that tell you what things cost (economic
analyses), 152
10.1 What is economic analysis? 152
10.2 Measuring costs and benefits of health
interventions, 154
10.3 Ten questions to ask about an economic analysis, 159
10.4 Conclusion, 163
Chapter 11: Papers that go beyond numbers (qualitative
research), 166
11.1 What is qualitative research? 166
11.2 Evaluating papers that describe qualitative research, 170
11.3 Conclusion, 177
Chapter 12: Papers that report questionnaire research, 180
12.1 The rise and rise of questionnaire research, 180
12.2 Ten questions to ask about a paper describing a questionnaire
study, 181
Chapter 13: Getting evidence into practice, 191
13.1 Why are health professionals slow to adopt evidence based
practice? 191
13.2 How can we influence health professionals behaviour to promote
evidence based practice? 193
13.3 What does an evidence based organisation look like? 198
viii Contents
13.4 What evidence based interventions are there for achieving
organisational change to support evidence based practice? 200
13.5 Why is it so hard to get evidence into policy making? 205
Appendix 1: Checklists for finding, appraising and
implementing evidence, 212
Appendix 2: Assessing the effects of an intervention, 220
Index, 221
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Foreword to the First Edition by Professor Sir David Weatherall, ix
Preface to the Third Edition, xi
Preface to the First Edition: do you need to read this book? xiii
Acknowledgements, xv
Chapter 1: Why read papers at all? 1
1.1 Does 'evidence based medicine' simply mean 'reading papers in
medical journals'? 1
1.2 Why do people often groan when you mention evidence based
medicine? 3
1.3 Before you start: formulate the problem, 9
Chapter 2: Searching the literature, 15
2.1 Searching for evidence: key principles, 15
2.2 Medline and other 'raw' databases, 17
2.3 Databases with search niters, 20
2.4 Databases of pre appraised articles, 21
2.5 Databases of synthesised evidence, 23
2.6 Databases of ongoing research, 24
2.7 Citation searching, 24
2.8 Human contact sources, 25
2.9 Worked examples of search problems, 26
Chapter 3: Getting your bearings: what is this
paper about? 40
3.1 The science of'trashing' papers, 40
3.2 Three preliminary questions to get your bearings, 42
3.3 Randomised controlled trials, 44
v
vi Contents
3.4 Cohort studies, 49
3.5 Case control studies, 50
3.6 Cross sectional surveys, 51
3.7 Case reports, 52
3.8 The traditional hierarchy of evidence, 53
3.9 A note on ethical considerations, 53
Chapter 4: Assessing methodological quality, 59
4.1 Was the study original? 59
4.2 Whom is the study about? 60
4.3 Was the design of the study sensible? 61
4.4 Was systematic bias avoided or minimised? 62
4.5 Was assessment 'blind'? 66
4.6 Were preliminary statistical questions addressed? 67
4.7 Summing up, 70
Chapter 5: Statistics for the non statistician, 73
5.1 How can non statisticians evaluate statistical tests? 73
5.2 Have the authors set the scene correctly? 74
5.3 Paired data, tails and outliers, 79
5.4 Correlation, regression and causation, 81
5.5 Probability and confidence, 83
5.6 The bottom line, 86
5.7 Summary, 88
Chapter 6: Papers that report drug trials, 90
6.1 'Evidence' and marketing, 90
6.2 Making decisions about therapy, 92
6.3 Surrogate end points, 93
6.4 How to get evidence out of a 'drug rep', 96
Chapter 7: Papers that report diagnostic or
screening tests, 100
7.1 Ten men in the dock, 100
7.2 Validating diagnostic tests against a gold standard, 101
7.3 Ten questions to ask about a paper which claims to validate a
diagnostic or screening test, 105
7.4 A note on likelihood ratios, 110
Contents vii
Chapter 8: Papers that summarise other papers (systematic
reviews and meta analyses), 114
8.1 When is a review systematic? 114
8.2 Evaluating systematic reviews, 117
8.3 Meta analysis for the non statistician, 122
8.4 Explaining heterogeneity, 126
8.5 New approaches to systematic review, 130
Chapter 9: Papers that tell you what to do (guidelines), 134
9.1 The great guidelines debate, 134
9.2 How can we help ensure that evidence based guidelines are
followed? 137
9.3 Ten questions to ask about a clinical guideline, 142
Chapter 10: Papers that tell you what things cost (economic
analyses), 152
10.1 What is economic analysis? 152
10.2 Measuring costs and benefits of health
interventions, 154
10.3 Ten questions to ask about an economic analysis, 159
10.4 Conclusion, 163
Chapter 11: Papers that go beyond numbers (qualitative
research), 166
11.1 What is qualitative research? 166
11.2 Evaluating papers that describe qualitative research, 170
11.3 Conclusion, 177
Chapter 12: Papers that report questionnaire research, 180
12.1 The rise and rise of questionnaire research, 180
12.2 Ten questions to ask about a paper describing a questionnaire
study, 181
Chapter 13: Getting evidence into practice, 191
13.1 Why are health professionals slow to adopt evidence based
practice? 191
13.2 How can we influence health professionals' behaviour to promote
evidence based practice? 193
13.3 What does an 'evidence based organisation' look like? 198
viii Contents
13.4 What evidence based interventions are there for achieving
organisational change to support evidence based practice? 200
13.5 Why is it so hard to get evidence into policy making? 205
Appendix 1: Checklists for finding, appraising and
implementing evidence, 212
Appendix 2: Assessing the effects of an intervention, 220
Index, 221 |
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| spelling | Greenhalgh, Trisha Verfasser (DE-588)12139610X aut How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine Trisha Greenhalgh 3. ed. Malden, Mass. [u.a.] BMJ Books [u.a.] 2006 XV, 229 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Evidence-based practice gtt Geneeskunde gtt Medicina baseada em evidências larpcal Medicina larpcal Médecine - Documentation Médecine - Recherche - Évaluation Médecine factuelle Pesquisa científica larpcal Medizin Evidence-Based Medicine Evidence-based medicine Medical literature Evaluation Medicine Research Evaluation Reading Research Evidenz-basierte Medizin (DE-588)4543414-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Evidenz-basierte Medizin (DE-588)4543414-1 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015478145&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Greenhalgh, Trisha How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine Evidence-based practice gtt Geneeskunde gtt Medicina baseada em evidências larpcal Medicina larpcal Médecine - Documentation Médecine - Recherche - Évaluation Médecine factuelle Pesquisa científica larpcal Medizin Evidence-Based Medicine Evidence-based medicine Medical literature Evaluation Medicine Research Evaluation Reading Research Evidenz-basierte Medizin (DE-588)4543414-1 gnd |
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| title | How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine |
| title_auth | How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine |
| title_exact_search | How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine |
| title_exact_search_txtP | How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine |
| title_full | How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine Trisha Greenhalgh |
| title_fullStr | How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine Trisha Greenhalgh |
| title_full_unstemmed | How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine Trisha Greenhalgh |
| title_short | How to read a paper |
| title_sort | how to read a paper the basics of evidence based medicine |
| title_sub | the basics of evidence-based medicine |
| topic | Evidence-based practice gtt Geneeskunde gtt Medicina baseada em evidências larpcal Medicina larpcal Médecine - Documentation Médecine - Recherche - Évaluation Médecine factuelle Pesquisa científica larpcal Medizin Evidence-Based Medicine Evidence-based medicine Medical literature Evaluation Medicine Research Evaluation Reading Research Evidenz-basierte Medizin (DE-588)4543414-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Evidence-based practice Geneeskunde Medicina baseada em evidências Medicina Médecine - Documentation Médecine - Recherche - Évaluation Médecine factuelle Pesquisa científica Medizin Evidence-Based Medicine Evidence-based medicine Medical literature Evaluation Medicine Research Evaluation Reading Research Evidenz-basierte Medizin Einführung |
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