Wolane: descriptive grammar of an East Gurage language (Ethiosemitic)
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Köln
Köppe
2006
|
Schriftenreihe: | Grammatical analyses of African languages
31 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 337 - 340 |
Beschreibung: | 340 S. 24 cm |
ISBN: | 9783896455475 3896455478 |
Internformat
MARC
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001 | BV022257414 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
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008 | 070206s2006 gw |||| 00||| eng d | ||
015 | |a 06,N38,0608 |2 dnb | ||
015 | |a 06,A46,0970 |2 dnb | ||
020 | |a 9783896455475 |c kart. : EUR 39.80 |9 978-3-89645-547-5 | ||
020 | |a 3896455478 |c kart. : EUR 39.80 |9 3-89645-547-8 | ||
024 | 3 | |a 9783896455475 | |
035 | |a (OCoLC)74270377 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV022257414 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakddb | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
044 | |a gw |c XA-DE-NW | ||
049 | |a DE-703 |a DE-355 |a DE-19 |a DE-11 | ||
050 | 0 | |a PJ9288.1 | |
084 | |a EN 5050 |0 (DE-625)25495: |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a 490 |2 sdnb | ||
100 | 1 | |a Meyer, Ronny |d 1970- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)12490839X |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Wolane |b descriptive grammar of an East Gurage language (Ethiosemitic) |c Ronny Meyer |
264 | 1 | |a Köln |b Köppe |c 2006 | |
300 | |a 340 S. |c 24 cm | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 1 | |a Grammatical analyses of African languages |v 31 | |
500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 337 - 340 | ||
650 | 4 | |a Grammatik | |
650 | 4 | |a Gurage languages |x Grammar | |
650 | 4 | |a Gurage languages |x Morphology | |
650 | 4 | |a Gurage languages |x Phonology | |
650 | 4 | |a Gurage languages |x Syntax | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Grammatik |0 (DE-588)4021806-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wolane-Sprache |0 (DE-588)7546369-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Wolane-Sprache |0 (DE-588)7546369-6 |D s |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Grammatik |0 (DE-588)4021806-5 |D s |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
830 | 0 | |a Grammatical analyses of African languages |v 31 |w (DE-604)BV004132539 |9 31 | |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015468208&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015468208 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804136256216498176 |
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adam_text | Contents
list of tables
......................................................................................................................................................13
list of charts and map
.................................................................................................................................13
abbreviations
.....................................................................................................................................................14
1
introduction
................................................................................................................................................15
1.1
The
Wołane
language and its speakers
..............................................................................15
1.1.1
General remarks
......................................................................................................................15
1.1.2
On the history of the
Wołane
people
.....................................................................................16
1.1.3
Sociolinguistic situation and genetic classification
..............................................................17
1.2
Review of previous work
.........................................................................................................20
1.3
the language data
....................................................................................................................20
2
phonology
.....................................................................................................................................................23
2.1
Consonants
.................................................................................................................................23
2.1.1
Overview of consonantal phones and phonemes
..................................................................23
2.1.2
Distributional restrictions on consonant phonemes in words
..............................................24
2.1.3
Gemination of consonants
......................................................................................................24
2.1.4
Interdependence between
к
and
h
..........................................................................................25
2.1.5
Glottal stop as phoneme
.........................................................................................................27
2.1.6
Secondary co-articulated consonants
....................................................................................29
2.1.6.1
General observations
........................................................................................................29
2.1.6.2
Labial co-articulated fricative A
.....................................................................................30
2.1.6.3
Glottal stop, bilabial approximant and labial co-articulation
........................................31
2.1.7
Allophones
..............................................................................................................................32
2.1.7.1
Morpho-phonologically conditioned allophones
............................................................33
2.1.7.1.1
Allophones of the voiced bilabial plosive
1Ы
...................................................33
2.1.7.1.2
Allophones of the voiceless velar ejective
.......................................................33
2.1.7.1.3
Allophones of the alveolar nasal
.......................................................................34
2.1.7.2
Socio-linguistically conditioned allophones
...................................................................34
2.2
Vowels
..........................................................................................................................................35
2.2.1
Vowel phonemes
.....................................................................................................................35
2.2.2
Distributional restrictions on phonemic vowels
...................................................................36
2.2.3
Relationship between the vowels
ε,
a and a
..........................................................................36
2.2.4
Approximants and closed vowels
..........................................................................................37
2.2.5
Schwa
......................................................................................................................................38
2.2.6
Allophones of vowels
.............................................................................................................38
2.2.7
Sequences of vowels
...............................................................................................................39
2.2.7.1
Diphthongs
........................................................................................................................39
2.2.7.2
Meeting of vowels due to morpho-phonemic processes
................................................40
2.3
Syllable structure
..................................................................................................................42
2.4
morphophonemic processes
....................................................................................................44
2.4.1
Vowel lengthening
..................................................................................................................44
2.4.2
Vowel deletion
........................................................................................................................44
2.4.3
Deletion of the phonemic glottal stop
...................................................................................44
2.4.4
Assimilation of adjacent consonants
.....................................................................................45
2.4.4.1
Assimilation in manner of articulation
............................................................................45
2.4.4.2
Devoicing
..........................................................................................................................45
2.4.4.3
De-buccalization of/,
é
and
q
..........................................................................................46
2.4.4.4
Change of an affricate to a fricative
................................................................................46
2.4.5
Palatalization
...........................................................................................................................46
2.4.6
Labialization
............................................................................................................................46
2.4.7
Metathesis
...............................................................................................................................46
o
Contents
о _^
__
_^
____ ______ _, __ .„ ___ __. .....
3
MORPHOLOGY
.................................................................................................................................................
49
3.1
Verb morphology
......................................................................................................................
4У
3.1.1
Morpho-phonemic character ofroot-morpheraes and templates.........................................
50
3.1.1.1
Basic typology of simplex verbs in
Wołane
...................................................................50
3.1.1.2
Discussion of sub-types
...................................................................................................52
3.1.1.2.1
Final root-vowels
.......................................................................................................52
3.1.1.2.2
Nasal «-insertion
........................................................................................................53
3.1.1.2.3
Gemination of root-consonants
................................................................................54
3.1.1.3
Morphology of main types and sub-types in simplex stems
..........................................54
3.1.1.3.1
Verb type A
...............................................................................................................54
3.1.1.3.2
Verb type
В
................................................................................................................56
3.1.1.3.3
Verb type
С
................................................................................................................58
3.1.1.3.4
Verb type
D
...............................................................................................................59
3.1.1.3.5
Verb type
F
................................................................................................................60
3.1.1.4
Verbs with labial co-articulated consonants
...................................................................61
3.1.1.5
Root-morphemes with weak consonants
........................................................................64
3.1.1.5.1
Approximants
w
and
y
..............................................................................................64
3.1.1.5.2
Glottal fricative
h
......................................................................................................68
3.1.1.5.3
Glottal stop
?
and the velar ejective
q
......................................................................70
3.1.1.5.4
Metathesis involving the root-consonants ?and
h
..................................................71
3.1.1.6
Derived stems
...................................................................................................................72
3.1.1.6.1
Derivation by prefixation
..........................................................................................72
3.1.1.6.1.1
Causatives
...........................................................................................................72
3.1.1.6.1.1.1
Direct causative
...........................................................................................73
3.1.1.6.1.1.2
Indirect
causati ve........................................................................................
74
3.1.1.6.1.2
Medio-passive
....................................................................................................76
3.1.1.6.2
Derivation by modification of the consonants or vowels of the root-morpheme..
80
3.1.1.6.2.1
Insertion of the vowel
S
without reduplication of a root-consonant
...............
HO
3.1.1.6.2.2
Reduplication of a root-consonant with insertion of the vowel
ă
...................82
3.1.1.6.3
Unproductive derivational prefixes
..........................................................................85
3.1.1.6.4
Verbal noun
...............................................................................................................86
3.1.1.7
Irregular root-morphemes and verbs
...............................................................................88
3.1.1.7.1
Root-morphemes with special consonants
...............................................................88
.1.7.1.1
Bi-radical verbs with fas second root-consonant and the root-vowel
ä
.........88
3.
3.1.1
3.
3.
3.
.1.7.1.2
Non-type
В
verbs with geminated root-consonant
...........................................89
.7.2
Verbs with unpredictable realizations of certain base forms
..................................90
1.7.2.1
Verb Me say
....................................................................................................90
.1.7.2.2
Verb fare be seen
............................................................................................92
1.1.7.2.3
Verb
удає
sleep
..............................................................................................92
3.1.1.7.2.4
Verb hone become, be
.....................................................................................93
3.1.1.7.2.5
Verb
wăbe
give
................................................................................................94
3.1.1.7.3
Verbs and related morphemes with a restricted distribution
..................................94
3.1.1.7.3.1
Locative verbs in the non-past tense
.................................................................94
3.1.1.7.3.2
Auxiliary
ηετ
......................................................................................................95
3.1.1.7.3.3
Non-past tense auxiliary clitic
-än.
....................................................................%
3.1.1.7.3.4
Present-tense copula
...........................................................................................
Щ
3.1.1.7.3.5
Verbal constructions expressing possession and obligation
............................
W
3.1.2
Phrasal verbs
.........................................................................
1
00
3.1.3
Exceptional morphological and semantic relations regarding verbs
.................................103
3.1.3.1
Root-morphemes without a simplex stem
..................................................................103
3.1.3.2
Roots and verb-like expressions in
suppletive
or in complementary distribution
.....
1
03
3.1.3.3
Lexicalized verbal expressions
........................................................... ..106
3.1.3.4
Verbs referring to a variety of semantic concepts
........................................................106
3.1.4
Verbal negation
.......................................................................................... 107
3.1.5
Agreement-marking morphemes on the verb
......................................................................108
Contents _ _ _____________ _
^.
__ 9
3.1.5.1
Subject agreement markers
............................................................................................108
3.1.5.2
Object agreement markers and applicative suffixes
.....................................................112
3.1.6
Tense, aspect, mood and
aktionsart
.....................................................................................114
3.1.6.1
General remarks and theoretical preliminaries
.............................................................114
3.1.6.2
Aspect as a grammatical category
.................................................................................115
3.1.6.2.1
Aspect in main clauses
............................................................................................115
3.1.6.2.2
Aspect in subordinate contexts
...............................................................................117
3.1.6.3
Tense
...............................................................................................................................
П8
3.1.6.4
Jussive and imperative
...................................................................................................119
3.1.6.5
Perfect
.............................................................................................................................120
3.1.6.6 Aktionsart........................................................................................................................121
3.1.6.6.1
Progressive and prospective
...................................................................................121
3.1.6.6.2
Immediate-subsequent action or event
...................................................................122
3.1.6.6.3
Iterative
....................................................................................................................122
3.1.7
Morpho-syntactic verb constructions with specific semantics
..........................................123
3.1.7.1
Experiencer constructions
..............................................................................................123
3.1.7.2
Impersonal passive
.........................................................................................................124
3.1.7.3
Relative verbs
.................................................................................................................125
3.1.7.4
Converbs
.........................................................................................................................131
3.2
Nominal morphology
.............................................................................................................134
3.2.1
General morpho-phonemic appearance of nouns
...............................................................134
3.2.2
Morpho-syntactic and semantic classes of
nominais
..........................................................135
3.2.2.1
Genderless
transnumeral
nouns and non-countable nouns
..........................................135
3.2.2.2
Gender-coding
transnumeral
nouns
..............................................................................135
3.2.2.3
Kinship terms and proper names
...................................................................................136
3.2.2.4
Nominais
with morphological overt accusative
...........................................................137
3.2.2.5
Adjectives
.......................................................................................................................137
3.2.3
Nominal compounds
.............................................................................................................138
3.2.4
Derived
nominais
..................................................................................................................140
3.2.4.1
Productive derivations
....................................................................................................141
3.2.4.1.1
Derived nouns based on relative constructions
.....................................................141
3.2.4.1.1.1
Agent nouns
(nomen agentis)
..........................................................................141
3.2.4.1.1.2
Place nouns
(nomen
loci)
.................................................................................141
3.2.4.1.1.3
Instrument nouns
(nomen
instrumenti)...........................................................
141
3.2.4.1.2
Agent nouns
(nomen
agentis) marked by the suffix
-(t)ejipë
...............................142
3.2.4.1.3
Action nouns
(nomen
actionis) marked by the suffix
-ne
.....................................142
3.2.4.1.4
Result nouns
(nomen
acti) marked by the suffix -t
...............................................142
3.2.4.1.5
Abstract nouns marked by the suffix -net
..............................................................142
3.2.4.1.6
Language names
......................................................................................................143
3.2.4.2
Unproductive derivations
...............................................................................................143
3.2.4.2.1
Agent nouns
(nomen
agentis) with the pattern CiVQ.aCji,
C,ãC2i orC^Qi
.....143
3.2.4.2.2
Result nouns
(nomen
acti) marked by the vowel
ë
...............................................144
3.2.4.2.3
Lexicalized noun stems ending in the vowel -f
.....................................................145
3.2.4.2.4
Lexicalized noun stems ending in the suffix
-ãn
...................................................145
3.2.4.2.5
Lexicalized noun stems ending in the suffix
-ãr
....................................................145
3.2.4.2.6
Agent nouns
(nomen
agentis) marked by the suffix
-amime)
..............................145
3.2.4.2.7
Lexicalized noun stems with the pattern CiCSCi and CisCjCj
............................146
3.2.4.2.8
Lexicalized noun stems with the pattern (CJCiCNSGi
.........................................146
3.2.4.2.9
Lexicalized noun stems with the pattern CiCNuCj or
СіиС^Сз)
.........................¡46
3.2.4.2.10
Lexicalized noun stems based on the template for the perfective aspect
...........146
3.2.4.2.11
Lexicalized noun stems marked by the prefix m(e)-
...........................................147
3.2.4.2.12
Lexicalized noun stems marked by the suffix -o
.................................................147
3.2.4.2.13
Lexicalized noun stems marked by the suffix
-yyëor
the prefix ye-
.................147
3.2.4.2.14
Miscellaneous patterns of lexicalized noun stems
...............................................148
3.2.5
Morpho-syntactic features of nouns
....................................................................................148
Content^
3.2.5.1
Number
............................................................................................................................
148
3.2.5.1.1
Plural marker
-čče
and its allomorphes
.................................................................. 4°
3.2.5.1.2
Plural by reduplication involving the pattern
Cl-SCio
.........................................150
3.2.5.1.3
Plural by combining reduplication and
suffixation
...............................................150
3.2.5.1.4
Repetition of the entire nominal stem (full reduplication)
...................................151
3.2.5.1.5
Suppletive
lexical entries for singular and plural
..................................................152
3.2.5.1.6 Distributionalexpressions......................................................................................
I52
3.2.5.2
Gender
.............................................................................................................................
154
3.2.5.3
Definite article
................................................................................................................
55
3.2.5.4
Case
.................................................................................................................................
157
3.2.5.4.1
Accusative case
.......................................................................................................157
3.2.5.4.2
Vocative
...................................................................................................................
158
3.2.5.5
Negation of nouns
..........................................................................................................159
3.3
Numerals, time expressions and quantities
....................................................................160
3.3.1
Numerals and quantifiers
.....................................................................................................160
3.3.1.1
Cardinal numbers
........................................................................................................... 60
3.3.1.2
Ordinal numbers
.............................................................................................................161
3.3.1.3
Multiplicative numbers
..................................................................................................161
3.3.1.4
Distributional number expressions
................................................................................161
3.3.2
Unspecific quantifiers
...........................................................................................................161
3.3.3
Calendar and time expressions
.............................................................................................162
3.3.4
Expressions for amounts of banknotes and coins
...............................................................164
3.4
Pronouns and pro-forms
.......................................................................................................164
3.4.1
Personal pronouns
.................................................................................................................164
3.4.2
Demonstrative Pronouns
......................................................................................................166
3.4.2.1
Basic demonstratives
......................................................................................................166
3.4.2.2
Lexicalized demonstrative expressions
.........................................................................169
3.4.2.3
Presentative demonstrative pronouns
............................................................................170
3.4.3
Pronominal possessive constructions
..................................................................................170
3.4.3.1
Possessive suffixes
.........................................................................................................171
3.4.3.2
Personal pronouns in genitive constructions
................................................................172
3.4.3.3
Emphatic possessive suffix -ddi
....................................................................................172
3.4.4
indefinite Pronouns
...............................................................................................................172
3.4.5
Interrogative pronouns
.........................................................................................................173
3.5
intensifiers
................................................................................................................................175
3.6
Adverbs and relational nouns
...........................................................................................
1
77
3.6.1
Adverbs
.................................................................................................................................177
3.6.1.1
Adverbs of time
..............................................................................................................177
3.6.1.2
Adverbs of place
.............................................................................................................179
3.6.1.3
Adverbs of manner and
epistemic
modality
.................................................................180
3.6.1.4
Adverbs of quantities
.....................................................................................................181
3.6.2
Relational nouns
........................................................................... 182
3.7
Relational affixes
..................................................................................................................
1
84
3.7.1
Relational prefixes
........................................................................ 185
3.7.1.1
Prefix ye-
................................................................... 185
3.7.1.2
Prefix t(e)-
.............................................................................
..... ............................ 186
3.7.1.3
Prefix t(e)-
................................................................................................................
187
3.7.1.4
Prefix off)-
............................................................................].....................................
188
3.7.2
Relational suffix
-ko
.......................................................... 190
3.7.3
Combinations of relational prefixes and relational nouns
..................... 190
3.7.3.1
Combinations with the relational noun gan time
........... 191
3.7.3.2
Combinations with the relational noun
Ш
place
............ 192
3.7.3.3
Other combinations
.......................................................
j94
Contents ______ 11
3.8
Interjections
.............................................................................................................................196
3.9
PARATACTIC CONJUNCTIONS
......................................................................................................197
3.9.1
Coordinating conjunction -we
..............................................................................................197
3.9.2
Disjunctive conjunctions weym and ianmgsn
...................................................................198
3.9.3
Exclusive conjunction baldeley
...........................................................................................199
3.10
Discourse markers
..................................................................................................................200
3.10.1
Focus marker
.........................................................................................................................201
3.10.1.1
Contrastive
focus marker
.............................................................................................201
3.10.1.1.1
Selective focus marker -m
.....................................................................................201
3.10.1.1.2
Expanding focus marker -nge
...............................................................................207
3.10.1.1.3
Replacive focus marker -w
...................................................................................208
3.10.1.2
Assertive focus marker -me
..........................................................................................210
3.10.2
Secondary markers of focus and referentiality
...................................................................212
3.10.2.1
Morpheme -neas accusative marker and marker of specificity
.................................212
3.10.2.2
Singulative marker and feminine definite article
-të
..................................................214
3.10.2.3
Morphemes -nand-ff
...................................................................................................215
3.10.3
Suffixes -sand
-Afe
as markers of
epistemic
modality or tag questions
...........................216
3.10.4
Particle wey as marker of reported questions and as disjunctive conjunction
..................219
3.10.5
Particles gan and
?эпк ап
.....................................................................................................220
3.11
Connecting vowel
...................................................................................................................220
4
SYNTAX
..............................................................................................................................................................223
4.1
Determination
..........................................................................................................................223
4.1.1
Defmiteness and inherent semantics of nouns
....................................................................223
4.1.2
Determination and plural marking
.......................................................................................225
4.1.3
Determination with accusative and dative objects
..............................................................226
4.1.4
Determination and possessive suffixes
................................................................................227
4.1.5
Indefiniteness
........................................................................................................................228
4.2
Noun phrase
...............................................................................................................................229
4.2.1
Structure of the noun phrase
................................................................................................229
4.2.2
Coordination of noun phrases
..............................................................................................232
4.2.3
On the use of
betam
and
hullám
..........................................................................................235
4.3
Phrases headed by relational prefixes
............................................................................236
4.3.1
General morpho-syntactic features
......................................................................................236
4.3.2
Locative expressions marked by the prefixes be-,
te-,
and
le-
...........................................239
4.4
Verb phrase
...............................................................................................................................240
4.4.1
General structure of the verb
................................................................................................240
4.4.1.1
Simple verbs
...................................................................................................................240
4.4.1.2
Phrasal verbs
...................................................................................................................244
4.4.2
Valence-adjusting mechanisms
............................................................................................244
4.4.2.1
Valence-decreasing mechanisms
...................................................................................245
4.4.2.2
Valence-increasing mechanisms
...................................................................................250
4.4.2.3
Noun incorporation
........................................................................................................252
4.4.2.4
Verbs with labile vaience
...............................................................................................253
4.4.3
Experience constructions and structurally related expressions
..........................................254
4.4.4
Verbs of movement
..............................................................................................................255
4.4.5
Marking of arguments and adjuncts on the verb
.................................................................257
4.5
Dependent clauses
..................................................................................................................261
4.5.1
Subordinate clauses
..............................................................................................................261
4.5.
i.l Subordination with perfective verbs
.............................................................................261
4.5.1.2
Subordination with imperfective verbs
.........................................................................262
4.5.1.2.1
Relational prefix
ŕ-
as subordinating conjunction
.................................................262
. 2 Contents
4.5.1.2.2 Relational
prefix b-as
subordinating conjunction
................................................264
4.5.1.2.3
Relational prefix
1-
as subordinating conjunction
.................................................264
4.5.2
Converb clauses
....................................................................................................................265
4.5.3
Dependent nominal clauses
..................................................................................................270
4.5.3.1
Relative clauses
..............................................................................................................270
4.5.3.1.1
Structure of relative clauses
....................................................................................270
4.5.3.1.2
Clause types based on relative verbs
......................................................................275
4.5.3.1.2.1
Complement clauses
........................................................................................275
4.5.3.1.2.2
Adverbial clauses
.............................................................................................275
4.5.3.2
Verbal-noun clauses
.......................................................................................................277
4.6
Simple sentences
......................................................................................................................278
4.6.1
Copular
and copula-like clauses
..........................................................................................279
4.6.1.1
Nominal clauses
..............................................................................................................279
4.6.1.1.1
Equational clauses
...................................................................................................279
4.6.1.1.2
Locative clauses
......................................................................................................281
4.6.1.1.3
Possession and obligation
.......................................................................................283
4.6.1.1.4
Cleft sentences
.........................................................................................................284
4.6.2
Comparative sentences
.........................................................................................................286
4.6.3
Verb clauses
..........................................................................................................................288
4.7
Complex sentences
..................................................................................................................291
4.7.1
Manner clauses
......................................................................................................................291
4.7.2
Temporal clauses
..................................................................................................................294
4.7.3
Purpose clauses
.....................................................................................................................296
4.7.4
Causal clauses
.......................................................................................................................298
4.7.5
Complement clauses
.............................................................................................................299
4.7.6
Conditionals
..........................................................................................................................300
4.7.6.1
Conditional clauses
........................................................................................................300
4.7.6.2
Concessive-conditional clauses
.....................................................................................303
4.7.7
Coordination of clauses
........................................................................................................304
4.8
Experiential state construction
........................................................................................308
4.9
Expression of deliberately performed actions
.............................................................308
4.10
Reported speech
.......................................................................................................................309
4.10.1
Reported speech as marker of complement clauses and quotations
..................................309
4.10.2
Reported speech as adverbial expression of motive for action
..........................................311
4.10.3
Reported speech as marker of emphatic constituents
.........................................................312
4.11
NON-DECLARATIVE CLAUSES
......................................................................................................313
4.11.1
Questions
...............................................................................................................................313
4.11.2
Commands
.......................................................................................................................315
4.11.3
Epistemic
modality
...............................................................................................................317
4.11.3.1
Validity and source of information
..............................................................................317
4.11.3.2
Potential for the fulfillment of states of affairs
...........................................................319
4.11.3.2.1
Intentional
..........................................................................................................320
4.11.3.2.2
Dubitative
...........................................................
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.
.......
320
5
language examples
..........................................................................................................................323
5.1
Greetings and wishes
..................................................................... 323
5.2
Texts
................................................................................................... 325
5.2.1
Lion and hyena
............................................................. 325
5.2.2
Construction of a house
................................................... 327
BIBLIOGRAPHY
....................................................................................................
|
adam_txt |
Contents
list of tables
.13
list of charts and map
.13
abbreviations
.14
1
introduction
.15
1.1
The
Wołane
language and its speakers
.15
1.1.1
General remarks
.15
1.1.2
On the history of the
Wołane
people
.16
1.1.3
Sociolinguistic situation and genetic classification
.17
1.2
Review of previous work
.20
1.3
the language data
.20
2
phonology
.23
2.1
Consonants
.23
2.1.1
Overview of consonantal phones and phonemes
.23
2.1.2
Distributional restrictions on consonant phonemes in words
.24
2.1.3
Gemination of consonants
.24
2.1.4
Interdependence between
к
and
h
.25
2.1.5
Glottal stop as phoneme
.27
2.1.6
Secondary co-articulated consonants
.29
2.1.6.1
General observations
.29
2.1.6.2
Labial co-articulated fricative A'
.30
2.1.6.3
Glottal stop, bilabial approximant and labial co-articulation
.31
2.1.7
Allophones
.32
2.1.7.1
Morpho-phonologically conditioned allophones
.33
2.1.7.1.1
Allophones of the voiced bilabial plosive
1Ы
.33
2.1.7.1.2
Allophones of the voiceless velar ejective
.33
2.1.7.1.3
Allophones of the alveolar nasal
.34
2.1.7.2
Socio-linguistically conditioned allophones
.34
2.2
Vowels
.35
2.2.1
Vowel phonemes
.35
2.2.2
Distributional restrictions on phonemic vowels
.36
2.2.3
Relationship between the vowels
ε,
a and a
.36
2.2.4
Approximants and closed vowels
.37
2.2.5
Schwa
.38
2.2.6
Allophones of vowels
.38
2.2.7
Sequences of vowels
.39
2.2.7.1
Diphthongs
.39
2.2.7.2
Meeting of vowels due to morpho-phonemic processes
.40
2.3
Syllable structure
.42
2.4
morphophonemic processes
.44
2.4.1
Vowel lengthening
.44
2.4.2
Vowel deletion
.44
2.4.3
Deletion of the phonemic glottal stop
.44
2.4.4
Assimilation of adjacent consonants
.45
2.4.4.1
Assimilation in manner of articulation
.45
2.4.4.2
Devoicing
.45
2.4.4.3
De-buccalization of/,
é
and
q
.46
2.4.4.4
Change of an affricate to a fricative
.46
2.4.5
Palatalization
.46
2.4.6
Labialization
.46
2.4.7
Metathesis
.46
o
Contents
о _^
_
_^
_ _ _, _ .„ _ _. .
3
MORPHOLOGY
.
49
3.1
Verb morphology
.
4У
3.1.1
Morpho-phonemic character ofroot-morpheraes and templates.
50
3.1.1.1
Basic typology of simplex verbs in
Wołane
.50
3.1.1.2
Discussion of sub-types
.52
3.1.1.2.1
Final root-vowels
.52
3.1.1.2.2
Nasal «-insertion
.53
3.1.1.2.3
Gemination of root-consonants
.54
3.1.1.3
Morphology of main types and sub-types in simplex stems
.54
3.1.1.3.1
Verb type A
.54
3.1.1.3.2
Verb type
В
.56
3.1.1.3.3
Verb type
С
.58
3.1.1.3.4
Verb type
D
.59
3.1.1.3.5
Verb type
F
.60
3.1.1.4
Verbs with labial co-articulated consonants
.61
3.1.1.5
Root-morphemes with weak consonants
.64
3.1.1.5.1
Approximants
w
and
y
.64
3.1.1.5.2
Glottal fricative
h
.68
3.1.1.5.3
Glottal stop
?
and the velar ejective
q
.70
3.1.1.5.4
Metathesis involving the root-consonants ?and
h
.71
3.1.1.6
Derived stems
.72
3.1.1.6.1
Derivation by prefixation
.72
3.1.1.6.1.1
Causatives
.72
3.1.1.6.1.1.1
Direct causative
.73
3.1.1.6.1.1.2
Indirect
causati ve.
74
3.1.1.6.1.2
Medio-passive
.76
3.1.1.6.2
Derivation by modification of the consonants or vowels of the root-morpheme.
80
3.1.1.6.2.1
Insertion of the vowel
S
without reduplication of a root-consonant
.
HO
3.1.1.6.2.2
Reduplication of a root-consonant with insertion of the vowel
ă
.82
3.1.1.6.3
Unproductive derivational prefixes
.85
3.1.1.6.4
Verbal noun
.86
3.1.1.7
Irregular root-morphemes and verbs
.88
3.1.1.7.1
Root-morphemes with special consonants
.88
.1.7.1.1
Bi-radical verbs with fas second root-consonant and the root-vowel
ä
.88
3.
3.1.1
3.
3.
3.
.1.7.1.2
Non-type
В
verbs with geminated root-consonant
.89
.7.2
Verbs with unpredictable realizations of certain base forms
.90
1.7.2.1
Verb Me'say'
.90
.1.7.2.2
Verb fare'be seen'
.92
1.1.7.2.3
Verb
удає
'sleep'
.92
3.1.1.7.2.4
Verb hone 'become, be'
.93
3.1.1.7.2.5
Verb
wăbe
'give'
.94
3.1.1.7.3
Verbs and related morphemes with a restricted distribution
.94
3.1.1.7.3.1
Locative verbs in the non-past tense
.94
3.1.1.7.3.2
Auxiliary
ηετ
.95
3.1.1.7.3.3
Non-past tense auxiliary clitic
-än.
.%
3.1.1.7.3.4
Present-tense copula
.
Щ
3.1.1.7.3.5
Verbal constructions expressing possession and obligation
.
W
3.1.2
Phrasal verbs
.
1
00
3.1.3
Exceptional morphological and semantic relations regarding verbs
.103
3.1.3.1
Root-morphemes without a simplex stem
.103
3.1.3.2
Roots and verb-like expressions in
suppletive
or in complementary distribution
.
1
03
3.1.3.3
Lexicalized verbal expressions
. .106
3.1.3.4
Verbs referring to a variety of semantic concepts
.106
3.1.4
Verbal negation
. 107
3.1.5
Agreement-marking morphemes on the verb
.108
Contents _ _ _ _
^.
_ 9
3.1.5.1
Subject agreement markers
.108
3.1.5.2
Object agreement markers and applicative suffixes
.112
3.1.6
Tense, aspect, mood and
aktionsart
.114
3.1.6.1
General remarks and theoretical preliminaries
.114
3.1.6.2
Aspect as a grammatical category
.115
3.1.6.2.1
Aspect in main clauses
.115
3.1.6.2.2
Aspect in subordinate contexts
.117
3.1.6.3
Tense
.
П8
3.1.6.4
Jussive and imperative
.119
3.1.6.5
Perfect
.120
3.1.6.6 Aktionsart.121
3.1.6.6.1
Progressive and prospective
.121
3.1.6.6.2
Immediate-subsequent action or event
.122
3.1.6.6.3
Iterative
.122
3.1.7
Morpho-syntactic verb constructions with specific semantics
.123
3.1.7.1
Experiencer constructions
.123
3.1.7.2
Impersonal passive
.124
3.1.7.3
Relative verbs
.125
3.1.7.4
Converbs
.131
3.2
Nominal morphology
.134
3.2.1
General morpho-phonemic appearance of nouns
.134
3.2.2
Morpho-syntactic and semantic classes of
nominais
.135
3.2.2.1
Genderless
transnumeral
nouns and non-countable nouns
.135
3.2.2.2
Gender-coding
transnumeral
nouns
.135
3.2.2.3
Kinship terms and proper names
.136
3.2.2.4
Nominais
with morphological overt accusative
.137
3.2.2.5
Adjectives
.137
3.2.3
Nominal compounds
.138
3.2.4
Derived
nominais
.140
3.2.4.1
Productive derivations
.141
3.2.4.1.1
Derived nouns based on relative constructions
.141
3.2.4.1.1.1
Agent nouns
(nomen agentis)
.141
3.2.4.1.1.2
Place nouns
(nomen
loci)
.141
3.2.4.1.1.3
Instrument nouns
(nomen
instrumenti).
141
3.2.4.1.2
Agent nouns
(nomen
agentis) marked by the suffix
-(t)ejipë
.142
3.2.4.1.3
Action nouns
(nomen
actionis) marked by the suffix
-ne
.142
3.2.4.1.4
Result nouns
(nomen
acti) marked by the suffix -t
.142
3.2.4.1.5
Abstract nouns marked by the suffix -net
.142
3.2.4.1.6
Language names
.143
3.2.4.2
Unproductive derivations
.143
3.2.4.2.1
Agent nouns
(nomen
agentis) with the pattern CiVQ.aCji,
C,ãC2i orC^Qi
.143
3.2.4.2.2
Result nouns
(nomen
acti) marked by the vowel
ë
.144
3.2.4.2.3
Lexicalized noun stems ending in the vowel -f
.145
3.2.4.2.4
Lexicalized noun stems ending in the suffix
-ãn
.145
3.2.4.2.5
Lexicalized noun stems ending in the suffix
-ãr
.145
3.2.4.2.6
Agent nouns
(nomen
agentis) marked by the suffix
-amime)
.145
3.2.4.2.7
Lexicalized noun stems with the pattern CiCSCi and CisCjCj
.146
3.2.4.2.8
Lexicalized noun stems with the pattern (CJCiCNSGi
.146
3.2.4.2.9
Lexicalized noun stems with the pattern CiCNuCj or
СіиС^Сз)
.¡46
3.2.4.2.10
Lexicalized noun stems based on the template for the perfective aspect
.146
3.2.4.2.11
Lexicalized noun stems marked by the prefix m(e)-
.147
3.2.4.2.12
Lexicalized noun stems marked by the suffix -o
.147
3.2.4.2.13
Lexicalized noun stems marked by the suffix
-yyëor
the prefix ye-
.147
3.2.4.2.14
Miscellaneous patterns of lexicalized noun stems
.148
3.2.5
Morpho-syntactic features of nouns
.148
Content^
3.2.5.1
Number
.
148
3.2.5.1.1
Plural marker
-čče
and its allomorphes
.'4°
3.2.5.1.2
Plural by reduplication involving the pattern
Cl-SCio
.150
3.2.5.1.3
Plural by combining reduplication and
suffixation
.150
3.2.5.1.4
Repetition of the entire nominal stem (full reduplication)
.151
3.2.5.1.5
Suppletive
lexical entries for singular and plural
.152
3.2.5.1.6 Distributionalexpressions.
I52
3.2.5.2
Gender
.
154
3.2.5.3
Definite article
.
'55
3.2.5.4
Case
.
157
3.2.5.4.1
Accusative case
.157
3.2.5.4.2
Vocative
.
158
3.2.5.5
Negation of nouns
.159
3.3
Numerals, time expressions and quantities
.160
3.3.1
Numerals and quantifiers
.160
3.3.1.1
Cardinal numbers
.'60
3.3.1.2
Ordinal numbers
.161
3.3.1.3
Multiplicative numbers
.161
3.3.1.4
Distributional number expressions
.161
3.3.2
Unspecific quantifiers
.161
3.3.3
Calendar and time expressions
.162
3.3.4
Expressions for amounts of banknotes and coins
.164
3.4
Pronouns and pro-forms
.164
3.4.1
Personal pronouns
.164
3.4.2
Demonstrative Pronouns
.166
3.4.2.1
Basic demonstratives
.166
3.4.2.2
Lexicalized demonstrative expressions
.169
3.4.2.3
Presentative demonstrative pronouns
.170
3.4.3
Pronominal possessive constructions
.170
3.4.3.1
Possessive suffixes
.171
3.4.3.2
Personal pronouns in genitive constructions
.172
3.4.3.3
Emphatic possessive suffix -ddi
.172
3.4.4
indefinite Pronouns
.172
3.4.5
Interrogative pronouns
.173
3.5
intensifiers
.175
3.6
Adverbs and relational nouns
.
1
77
3.6.1
Adverbs
.177
3.6.1.1
Adverbs of time
.177
3.6.1.2
Adverbs of place
.179
3.6.1.3
Adverbs of manner and
epistemic
modality
.180
3.6.1.4
Adverbs of quantities
.181
3.6.2
Relational nouns
. 182
3.7
Relational affixes
.
1
84
3.7.1
Relational prefixes
. 185
3.7.1.1
Prefix ye-
. 185
3.7.1.2
Prefix t(e)-
.
\
. . 186
3.7.1.3
Prefix t(e)-
.
187
3.7.1.4
Prefix off)-
.].
188
3.7.2
Relational suffix
-ko
. 190
3.7.3
Combinations of relational prefixes and relational nouns
. 190
3.7.3.1
Combinations with the relational noun gan 'time'
. 191
3.7.3.2
Combinations with the relational noun
Ш
'place'
. 192
3.7.3.3
Other combinations
.
j94
Contents _ 11
3.8
Interjections
.196
3.9
PARATACTIC CONJUNCTIONS
.197
3.9.1
Coordinating conjunction -we
.197
3.9.2
Disjunctive conjunctions weym and ianmgsn
.198
3.9.3
Exclusive conjunction baldeley
.199
3.10
Discourse markers
.200
3.10.1
Focus marker
.201
3.10.1.1
Contrastive
focus marker
.201
3.10.1.1.1
Selective focus marker -m
.201
3.10.1.1.2
Expanding focus marker -nge
.207
3.10.1.1.3
Replacive focus marker -w
.208
3.10.1.2
Assertive focus marker -me
.210
3.10.2
Secondary markers of focus and referentiality
.212
3.10.2.1
Morpheme -neas accusative marker and marker of specificity
.212
3.10.2.2
Singulative marker and feminine definite article
-të
.214
3.10.2.3
Morphemes -nand-ff
.215
3.10.3
Suffixes -sand
-Afe
as markers of
epistemic
modality or tag questions
.216
3.10.4
Particle wey as marker of reported questions and as disjunctive conjunction
.219
3.10.5
Particles gan and
?эпк"ап
.220
3.11
Connecting vowel
.220
4
SYNTAX
.223
4.1
Determination
.223
4.1.1
Defmiteness and inherent semantics of nouns
.223
4.1.2
Determination and plural marking
.225
4.1.3
Determination with accusative and dative objects
.226
4.1.4
Determination and possessive suffixes
.227
4.1.5
Indefiniteness
.228
4.2
Noun phrase
.229
4.2.1
Structure of the noun phrase
.229
4.2.2
Coordination of noun phrases
.232
4.2.3
On the use of
betam
and
hullám
.235
4.3
Phrases headed by relational prefixes
.236
4.3.1
General morpho-syntactic features
.236
4.3.2
Locative expressions marked by the prefixes be-,
te-,
and
le-
.239
4.4
Verb phrase
.240
4.4.1
General structure of the verb
.240
4.4.1.1
Simple verbs
.240
4.4.1.2
Phrasal verbs
.244
4.4.2
Valence-adjusting mechanisms
.244
4.4.2.1
Valence-decreasing mechanisms
.245
4.4.2.2
Valence-increasing mechanisms
.250
4.4.2.3
Noun incorporation
.252
4.4.2.4
Verbs with labile vaience
.253
4.4.3
Experience constructions and structurally related expressions
.254
4.4.4
Verbs of movement
.255
4.4.5
Marking of arguments and adjuncts on the verb
.257
4.5
Dependent clauses
.261
4.5.1
Subordinate clauses
.261
4.5.
i.l Subordination with perfective verbs
.261
4.5.1.2
Subordination with imperfective verbs
.262
4.5.1.2.1
Relational prefix
ŕ-
as subordinating conjunction
.262
. 2 Contents
4.5.1.2.2 Relational
prefix b-as
subordinating conjunction
.264
4.5.1.2.3
Relational prefix
1-
as subordinating conjunction
.264
4.5.2
Converb clauses
.265
4.5.3
Dependent nominal clauses
.270
4.5.3.1
Relative clauses
.270
4.5.3.1.1
Structure of relative clauses
.270
4.5.3.1.2
Clause types based on relative verbs
.275
4.5.3.1.2.1
Complement clauses
.275
4.5.3.1.2.2
Adverbial clauses
.275
4.5.3.2
Verbal-noun clauses
.277
4.6
Simple sentences
.278
4.6.1
Copular
and copula-like clauses
.279
4.6.1.1
Nominal clauses
.279
4.6.1.1.1
Equational clauses
.279
4.6.1.1.2
Locative clauses
.281
4.6.1.1.3
Possession and obligation
.283
4.6.1.1.4
Cleft sentences
.284
4.6.2
Comparative sentences
.286
4.6.3
Verb clauses
.288
4.7
Complex sentences
.291
4.7.1
Manner clauses
.291
4.7.2
Temporal clauses
.294
4.7.3
Purpose clauses
.296
4.7.4
Causal clauses
.298
4.7.5
Complement clauses
.299
4.7.6
Conditionals
.300
4.7.6.1
Conditional clauses
.300
4.7.6.2
Concessive-conditional clauses
.303
4.7.7
Coordination of clauses
.304
4.8
Experiential state construction
.308
4.9
Expression of deliberately performed actions
.308
4.10
Reported speech
.309
4.10.1
Reported speech as marker of complement clauses and quotations
.309
4.10.2
Reported speech as adverbial expression of motive for action
.311
4.10.3
Reported speech as marker of emphatic constituents
.312
4.11
NON-DECLARATIVE CLAUSES
.313
4.11.1
Questions
.313
4.11.2
Commands
.315
4.11.3
Epistemic
modality
.317
4.11.3.1
Validity and source of information
.317
4.11.3.2
Potential for the fulfillment of states of affairs
.319
4.11.3.2.1
Intentional
.320
4.11.3.2.2
Dubitative
.
\ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.
.
320
5
language examples
.323
5.1
Greetings and wishes
. 323
5.2
Texts
. 325
5.2.1
Lion and hyena
. 325
5.2.2
Construction of a house
. 327
BIBLIOGRAPHY
. |
any_adam_object | 1 |
any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
author | Meyer, Ronny 1970- |
author_GND | (DE-588)12490839X |
author_facet | Meyer, Ronny 1970- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Meyer, Ronny 1970- |
author_variant | r m rm |
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classification_rvk | EN 5050 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)74270377 (DE-599)BVBBV022257414 |
discipline | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
discipline_str_mv | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
format | Book |
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id | DE-604.BV022257414 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-02T16:41:39Z |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:53:30Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9783896455475 3896455478 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015468208 |
oclc_num | 74270377 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 |
owner_facet | DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 |
physical | 340 S. 24 cm |
publishDate | 2006 |
publishDateSearch | 2006 |
publishDateSort | 2006 |
publisher | Köppe |
record_format | marc |
series | Grammatical analyses of African languages |
series2 | Grammatical analyses of African languages |
spelling | Meyer, Ronny 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)12490839X aut Wolane descriptive grammar of an East Gurage language (Ethiosemitic) Ronny Meyer Köln Köppe 2006 340 S. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Grammatical analyses of African languages 31 Literaturverz. S. 337 - 340 Grammatik Gurage languages Grammar Gurage languages Morphology Gurage languages Phonology Gurage languages Syntax Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Wolane-Sprache (DE-588)7546369-6 gnd rswk-swf Wolane-Sprache (DE-588)7546369-6 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 Grammatical analyses of African languages 31 (DE-604)BV004132539 31 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015468208&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Meyer, Ronny 1970- Wolane descriptive grammar of an East Gurage language (Ethiosemitic) Grammatical analyses of African languages Grammatik Gurage languages Grammar Gurage languages Morphology Gurage languages Phonology Gurage languages Syntax Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Wolane-Sprache (DE-588)7546369-6 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4021806-5 (DE-588)7546369-6 |
title | Wolane descriptive grammar of an East Gurage language (Ethiosemitic) |
title_auth | Wolane descriptive grammar of an East Gurage language (Ethiosemitic) |
title_exact_search | Wolane descriptive grammar of an East Gurage language (Ethiosemitic) |
title_exact_search_txtP | Wolane descriptive grammar of an East Gurage language (Ethiosemitic) |
title_full | Wolane descriptive grammar of an East Gurage language (Ethiosemitic) Ronny Meyer |
title_fullStr | Wolane descriptive grammar of an East Gurage language (Ethiosemitic) Ronny Meyer |
title_full_unstemmed | Wolane descriptive grammar of an East Gurage language (Ethiosemitic) Ronny Meyer |
title_short | Wolane |
title_sort | wolane descriptive grammar of an east gurage language ethiosemitic |
title_sub | descriptive grammar of an East Gurage language (Ethiosemitic) |
topic | Grammatik Gurage languages Grammar Gurage languages Morphology Gurage languages Phonology Gurage languages Syntax Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Wolane-Sprache (DE-588)7546369-6 gnd |
topic_facet | Grammatik Gurage languages Grammar Gurage languages Morphology Gurage languages Phonology Gurage languages Syntax Wolane-Sprache |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015468208&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV004132539 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT meyerronny wolanedescriptivegrammarofaneastguragelanguageethiosemitic |