The phonology of standard Chinese:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | The phonology of the world's languages
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 361 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780199215782 9780199215799 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The phonology of standard Chinese |c San Duanmu |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: The phonology of standard Chinese
Autor: Duanmu, San
Jahr: 2007
CONTENTS
Notes on Transcription xi
Features, Abbreviations, and Symbols xiii
Prefaces xv
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Chinese, its speakers, and its dialects 1
1.2. History 2
1.3. Standard Chinese 4
1.3.1. Standard Spoken Chinese 4
1.3.2. Alphabetical writing and Pinyin 5
1.3.3. Vernacular writing 6
1.4. Phonological literature on Standard Chinese 6
1.5. Goals of this book 8
2. THE SOUND INVENTORY 9
2.1. What is a sound? 9
2.2. Phonemics 10
2.2.1. The minimal pair 10
2.2.2. Complementary distribution 11
2.2.3. Phonetic similarity 12
2.2.4. Over-analysis 12
2.2.5. Under-analysis 13
2.2.6. Phonemic economy 14
2.3. Using syllable structure in phonemic analysis 15
2.4. Features and the representation of sounds 17
2.4.1. Phonological features 17
2.4.2. Complex sounds and the No-Contour Principle 19
2.4.3. Length and diphthongs 20
2.4.4. Underspecification 21
2.5. Glides 22
2.6. Consonants 23
2.7. Consonant-glide combinations 25
2.8. Palatals as Consonant-glide combinations 31
2.9. Syllabic consonants 34
2.10. Vowels 35
2.10.1. High vowels 36
2.10.2. The mid vowel 37
2.10.3. The low vowel 38
2.10.4. The retroflex vowel 40
2.10.5. Diphthongs 40
2.10.6. Vowel length 40
2.11. How many sounds are there in Standard Chinese? 41
2.12. Feature charts for Standard Chinese sounds 45
3. COMBINATIONS AND VARIATION 48
3.1. Introduction 48
3.2. Phonetics and phonology: What is relevant? 49
3.3. The rule-based approach 50
3.4. The constraint-based approach 52
3.5. The data 54
3.5.1. Transcriptions 54
3.5.2. Rhyming groups 56
3.5.3. Missing forms 58
3.6. Rhyme-Harmony, Merge, and G-Spreading 60
3.7. Allophonic variations 64
3.7.1. G-Spreading 64
3.7.2. Surface variation in vowels 65
3.8. Transcription of surface Standard Chinese sounds 66
3.8.1. Required surface variations 67
3.8.2. Optional surface variations 68
3.9. Tone and vowel height 69
3.10. Labial onsets 69
3.11. Summary 70
4. THE SYLLABLE 71
4.1. Syllable boundaries 71
4.2. The onset: obligatory or optional? 72
4.3. The analysis of consonant-glide 79
4.4. Structure of stressed syllables 81
4.5. Structure of unstressed syllables 83
4.6. Language games 85
4.6.1. Na-ma 86
4.6.2. Mai-ka 87
4.6.3. Mo-pa 88
4.6.4. Summary 90
4.7. Final vs. non-final positions 90
4.8. Casual speech and vowel-less syllables 91
4.9. Other views on the Chinese syllable 92
4.10. Homophone density, frequency, and syllable loss 94
4.11. Summary 96
5. WORDS AND COMPOUNDS 97
5.1. Introduction 97
5.2. Previous criteria for wordhood 99
5.2.1. The Lexical Integrity Hypothesis 99
5.2.2. Conjunction Reduction 99
5.2.3. Freedom of Parts 101
5.2.4. Semantic Composition 102
5.2.5. Syllable count 103
5.2.6. Insertion 104
5.2.7. Exocentric structure 108
5.2.8. Adverbial Modification 109
5.2.9. XP Substitution 110
5.2.10. Productivity 111
5.2.11. Intuition 114
5.2.12. Summary 114
5.3. The present analysis 115
5.3.1. Tests to be rejected 115
5.3.2. Tests to be adopted with limitations 116
5.3.3. Tests to be adopted 117
5.3.4. Summary 118
5.4. Compound internal conj unction 119
5.5. [MrfeN] inside [M N] 120
5.6. Locatives 121
5.7. de-omission 122
5.8. Pseudo-compounds and pseudo-words 122
5.9. [A N] and Foot Shelter 125
5.10. [Pronoun N] 127
5.11. Summary 128
6. STRESS 129
6.1. Judgement on stress 129
6.2. Stress and syllabic weight 132
6.3. Stress and feet 133
6.4. Pitch accent, downstep, upstep, and levels of stress 134
6.5. Foot Binarity and the empty beat 135
6.6. Foot structure and the Dual Trochee 137
6.7. Word stress 140
6.8. The Information-Stress Principle 143
6.9. Phrasal stress 146
6.9.1. Phrasal stress in English 146
6.9.2. Phrasal stress in Chinese 148
6.10. Stress effects in Chinese 152
6.11. Other views of stress and foot in Chinese 155
6.12. Summary 157
7. THE WORD-LENGTH PROBLEM 158
7.1. Introduction 158
7.2. Abundance of disyllabic words in Chinese 159
7.3. The dual vocabulary 161
7.4. Ambiguity avoidance? 165
7.5. Other views on the use of disyllabic words 169
7.5.1. The speech-tempo approach 169
7.5.2. The grammatical approach 170
7.5.3. The rhythm approach 172
7.5.4. The morphologization approach 172
7.5.5. The stress-length approach 173
7.6. Stress, foot, and word-length choices 174
7.7. The minimal word and name usage 177
7.8. Non-metrical factors 179
7.9. Monosyllables in different word categories 182
7.10. Fixed-length words 185
7.11. [AN] compounds 186
7.12. Summary 189
8. THE WORD-ORDER PROBLEM 191
8.1. Introduction 191
8.2. [X Y N] compounds 192
8.3. [V-0 N] compounds 195
8.3.1. The data 195
8.3.2. The analysis 200
8.4. [V-O N] compounds in English 203
8.5. Movement or not? 204
8.6. [V N] compounds 205
8.7. Compounds with internal VO phrases 208
8.8. Summary 211
9. THE [»] SUFFIX 212
9.1. Introduction 212
9.2. Basic facts 212
9.3. Previous analyses 214
9.3.1. Y.Lin (1989) 214
9.3.2. Duanmu(1990) 216
9.3.3. J. Wang (1993) 216
9.4. The present analysis 218
9.5. Variations 221
9.6. Interaction between tone and the [a-] suffix 223
9.7. The [a1] suffix in other Mandarin dialects 223
9.8. Summary 224
10. TONE: BASIC PROPERTIES 225
10.1. Tone and tonal transcription 225
10.2. Phonetic correlates of tone 228
10.3. Tonal features: Pitch and Register 229
10.3.1. Pitch and Register 229
10.3.2. Levels of contrast 230
10.4. Contour tones and the tone-bearing unit 233
10.5. Is tone a prosodic feature? 235
10.6. Tones in Standard Chinese 236
10.6.1. Tones on full syllables 236
10.6.2. Variation of T3 238
10.6.3. Variation of T2 239
10.6.4. Tone on weak syllables 241
10.6.5. T3S and weak syllables 242
10.6.6. Tone and vowel height 243
10.6.7. Tone and length 244
10.6.8. Some special syllables 245
10.6.9. Reduplicated patterns 247
10.7. Tone and stress: the Tone-Stress Principle 248
10.8. Tone and intonation 250
10.9. Tone in songs 252
10.10. Tonal frequencies in Standard Chinese 253
10.11. Summary 253
11. TONE 3 SANDHI (T3S) 254
11.1. Introduction 254
11.2. The data 255
11.3. The tree-only analysis 257
11.4. The stress-insensitive foot analysis 260
11.5. The present analysis 266
11.6. Summary 273
12. RHYTHM IN POETRY 275
12.1. What is rhythm in poetry? 275
12.2. Is rhythm determined by the syntactic tree? 277
12.3. Stress pattern, template, and their mapping 279
12.4. Is it easier to create poems in Chinese? 284
12.5. Template typology 286
12.6. Approaches to template typology 292
12.7. The prosodic hierarchy 295
12.8. Summary 297
13. CONNECTED SPEECH AND OTHER DIALECTS 298
13.1. Introduction 298
13.2. Consonant reduction 298
13.3. De-stressing and rhyme reduction 299
13.4. Vowel devoicing and voiceless syllables 300
13.5. Syllable merger 302
13.6. Phonological processes in other dialects 304
13.6.1. Tone sandhi in Wu dialects 304
13.6.2. Tone sandhi in Min dialects 305
13.6.3. Tone sandhi in Tianj in 306
13.6.4. Rhyme changes 306
13.6.5. Language games 307
13.7. Taiwanese accented Standard Chinese 307
13.7.1. Lexicon 307
13.7.2. Stress 308
13.7.3. Tone 308
13.7.4. Segmental differences 310
13.7.5. Consonant reduction and syllable merger 311
13.8. Summary 312
14. THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS 313
Appendix: Full Syllables in Standard Chinese 319
References 331
Index 351
|
| adam_txt |
Titel: The phonology of standard Chinese
Autor: Duanmu, San
Jahr: 2007
CONTENTS
Notes on Transcription xi
Features, Abbreviations, and Symbols xiii
Prefaces xv
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Chinese, its speakers, and its dialects 1
1.2. History 2
1.3. Standard Chinese 4
1.3.1. Standard Spoken Chinese 4
1.3.2. Alphabetical writing and Pinyin 5
1.3.3. Vernacular writing 6
1.4. Phonological literature on Standard Chinese 6
1.5. Goals of this book 8
2. THE SOUND INVENTORY 9
2.1. What is a sound? 9
2.2. Phonemics 10
2.2.1. The minimal pair 10
2.2.2. Complementary distribution 11
2.2.3. Phonetic similarity 12
2.2.4. Over-analysis 12
2.2.5. Under-analysis 13
2.2.6. Phonemic economy 14
2.3. Using syllable structure in phonemic analysis 15
2.4. Features and the representation of sounds 17
2.4.1. Phonological features 17
2.4.2. Complex sounds and the No-Contour Principle 19
2.4.3. Length and diphthongs 20
2.4.4. Underspecification 21
2.5. Glides 22
2.6. Consonants 23
2.7. Consonant-glide combinations 25
2.8. Palatals as Consonant-glide combinations 31
2.9. Syllabic consonants 34
2.10. Vowels 35
2.10.1. High vowels 36
2.10.2. The mid vowel 37
2.10.3. The low vowel 38
2.10.4. The retroflex vowel 40
2.10.5. Diphthongs 40
2.10.6. Vowel length 40
2.11. How many sounds are there in Standard Chinese? 41
2.12. Feature charts for Standard Chinese sounds 45
3. COMBINATIONS AND VARIATION 48
3.1. Introduction 48
3.2. Phonetics and phonology: What is relevant? 49
3.3. The rule-based approach 50
3.4. The constraint-based approach 52
3.5. The data 54
3.5.1. Transcriptions 54
3.5.2. Rhyming groups 56
3.5.3. Missing forms 58
3.6. Rhyme-Harmony, Merge, and G-Spreading 60
3.7. Allophonic variations 64
3.7.1. G-Spreading 64
3.7.2. Surface variation in vowels 65
3.8. Transcription of surface Standard Chinese sounds 66
3.8.1. Required surface variations 67
3.8.2. Optional surface variations 68
3.9. Tone and vowel height 69
3.10. Labial onsets 69
3.11. Summary 70
4. THE SYLLABLE 71
4.1. Syllable boundaries 71
4.2. The onset: obligatory or optional? 72
4.3. The analysis of consonant-glide 79
4.4. Structure of stressed syllables 81
4.5. Structure of unstressed syllables 83
4.6. Language games 85
4.6.1. Na-ma 86
4.6.2. Mai-ka 87
4.6.3. Mo-pa 88
4.6.4. Summary 90
4.7. Final vs. non-final positions 90
4.8. Casual speech and vowel-less syllables 91
4.9. Other views on the Chinese syllable 92
4.10. Homophone density, frequency, and syllable loss 94
4.11. Summary 96
5. WORDS AND COMPOUNDS 97
5.1. Introduction 97
5.2. Previous criteria for wordhood 99
5.2.1. The Lexical Integrity Hypothesis 99
5.2.2. Conjunction Reduction 99
5.2.3. Freedom of Parts 101
5.2.4. Semantic Composition 102
5.2.5. Syllable count 103
5.2.6. Insertion 104
5.2.7. Exocentric structure 108
5.2.8. Adverbial Modification 109
5.2.9. XP Substitution 110
5.2.10. Productivity 111
5.2.11. Intuition 114
5.2.12. Summary 114
5.3. The present analysis 115
5.3.1. Tests to be rejected 115
5.3.2. Tests to be adopted with limitations 116
5.3.3. Tests to be adopted 117
5.3.4. Summary 118
5.4. Compound internal conj unction 119
5.5. [MrfeN] inside [M N] 120
5.6. Locatives 121
5.7. de-omission 122
5.8. Pseudo-compounds and pseudo-words 122
5.9. [A N] and Foot Shelter 125
5.10. [Pronoun N] 127
5.11. Summary 128
6. STRESS 129
6.1. Judgement on stress 129
6.2. Stress and syllabic weight 132
6.3. Stress and feet 133
6.4. Pitch accent, downstep, upstep, and levels of stress 134
6.5. Foot Binarity and the empty beat 135
6.6. Foot structure and the Dual Trochee 137
6.7. Word stress 140
6.8. The Information-Stress Principle 143
6.9. Phrasal stress 146
6.9.1. Phrasal stress in English 146
6.9.2. Phrasal stress in Chinese 148
6.10. Stress effects in Chinese 152
6.11. Other views of stress and foot in Chinese 155
6.12. Summary 157
7. THE WORD-LENGTH PROBLEM 158
7.1. Introduction 158
7.2. Abundance of disyllabic words in Chinese 159
7.3. The dual vocabulary 161
7.4. Ambiguity avoidance? 165
7.5. Other views on the use of disyllabic words 169
7.5.1. The speech-tempo approach 169
7.5.2. The grammatical approach 170
7.5.3. The rhythm approach 172
7.5.4. The morphologization approach 172
7.5.5. The stress-length approach 173
7.6. Stress, foot, and word-length choices 174
7.7. The minimal word and name usage 177
7.8. Non-metrical factors 179
7.9. Monosyllables in different word categories 182
7.10. Fixed-length words 185
7.11. [AN] compounds 186
7.12. Summary 189
8. THE WORD-ORDER PROBLEM 191
8.1. Introduction 191
8.2. [X Y N] compounds 192
8.3. [V-0 N] compounds 195
8.3.1. The data 195
8.3.2. The analysis 200
8.4. [V-O N] compounds in English 203
8.5. Movement or not? 204
8.6. [V N] compounds 205
8.7. Compounds with internal VO phrases 208
8.8. Summary 211
9. THE [»] SUFFIX 212
9.1. Introduction 212
9.2. Basic facts 212
9.3. Previous analyses 214
9.3.1. Y.Lin (1989) 214
9.3.2. Duanmu(1990) 216
9.3.3. J. Wang (1993) 216
9.4. The present analysis 218
9.5. Variations 221
9.6. Interaction between tone and the [a-] suffix 223
9.7. The [a1] suffix in other Mandarin dialects 223
9.8. Summary 224
10. TONE: BASIC PROPERTIES 225
10.1. Tone and tonal transcription 225
10.2. Phonetic correlates of tone 228
10.3. Tonal features: Pitch and Register 229
10.3.1. Pitch and Register 229
10.3.2. Levels of contrast 230
10.4. Contour tones and the tone-bearing unit 233
10.5. Is tone a prosodic feature? 235
10.6. Tones in Standard Chinese 236
10.6.1. Tones on full syllables 236
10.6.2. Variation of T3 238
10.6.3. Variation of T2 239
10.6.4. Tone on weak syllables 241
10.6.5. T3S and weak syllables 242
10.6.6. Tone and vowel height 243
10.6.7. Tone and length 244
10.6.8. Some special syllables 245
10.6.9. Reduplicated patterns 247
10.7. Tone and stress: the Tone-Stress Principle 248
10.8. Tone and intonation 250
10.9. Tone in songs 252
10.10. Tonal frequencies in Standard Chinese 253
10.11. Summary 253
11. TONE 3 SANDHI (T3S) 254
11.1. Introduction 254
11.2. The data 255
11.3. The tree-only analysis 257
11.4. The stress-insensitive foot analysis 260
11.5. The present analysis 266
11.6. Summary 273
12. RHYTHM IN POETRY 275
12.1. What is rhythm in poetry? 275
12.2. Is rhythm determined by the syntactic tree? 277
12.3. Stress pattern, template, and their mapping 279
12.4. Is it easier to create poems in Chinese? 284
12.5. Template typology 286
12.6. Approaches to template typology 292
12.7. The prosodic hierarchy 295
12.8. Summary 297
13. CONNECTED SPEECH AND OTHER DIALECTS 298
13.1. Introduction 298
13.2. Consonant reduction 298
13.3. De-stressing and rhyme reduction 299
13.4. Vowel devoicing and voiceless syllables 300
13.5. Syllable merger 302
13.6. Phonological processes in other dialects 304
13.6.1. Tone sandhi in Wu dialects 304
13.6.2. Tone sandhi in Min dialects 305
13.6.3. Tone sandhi in Tianj in 306
13.6.4. Rhyme changes 306
13.6.5. Language games 307
13.7. Taiwanese accented Standard Chinese 307
13.7.1. Lexicon 307
13.7.2. Stress 308
13.7.3. Tone 308
13.7.4. Segmental differences 310
13.7.5. Consonant reduction and syllable merger 311
13.8. Summary 312
14. THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS 313
Appendix: Full Syllables in Standard Chinese 319
References 331
Index 351 |
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| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Duanmu, San |
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| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV022251942 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:39:50Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:53:23Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780199215782 9780199215799 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015462719 |
| oclc_num | 76360758 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-188 |
| physical | XVIII, 361 S. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | The phonology of the world's languages |
| spelling | Duanmu, San Verfasser (DE-588)134169492 aut The phonology of standard Chinese San Duanmu 2. ed. Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2007 XVIII, 361 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The phonology of the world's languages Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Chinees gtt Fonologie gtt Chinese language Phonology Phonologie (DE-588)4045836-2 gnd rswk-swf Chinesisch (DE-588)4113214-2 gnd rswk-swf Chinesisch (DE-588)4113214-2 s Phonologie (DE-588)4045836-2 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015462719&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Duanmu, San The phonology of standard Chinese Chinees gtt Fonologie gtt Chinese language Phonology Phonologie (DE-588)4045836-2 gnd Chinesisch (DE-588)4113214-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045836-2 (DE-588)4113214-2 |
| title | The phonology of standard Chinese |
| title_auth | The phonology of standard Chinese |
| title_exact_search | The phonology of standard Chinese |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The phonology of standard Chinese |
| title_full | The phonology of standard Chinese San Duanmu |
| title_fullStr | The phonology of standard Chinese San Duanmu |
| title_full_unstemmed | The phonology of standard Chinese San Duanmu |
| title_short | The phonology of standard Chinese |
| title_sort | the phonology of standard chinese |
| topic | Chinees gtt Fonologie gtt Chinese language Phonology Phonologie (DE-588)4045836-2 gnd Chinesisch (DE-588)4113214-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chinees Fonologie Chinese language Phonology Phonologie Chinesisch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015462719&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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