Semiconductor optics:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2007
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| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Advanced texts in physics
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Beschreibung für Leser Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXVII, 809 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 354038345X 9783540383451 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Semiconductor optics |c Claus Klingshirn |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XXVII, 809 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 490 | 0 | |a Advanced texts in physics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Quasi-particules | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Semiconducteurs - Propriétés optiques |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Théorie quantique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Semiconducteurs |x Propriétés optiques | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805088657604870144 |
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| adam_text |
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Aims and Concepts 1
1.2 Outline of the Book and a lot of References 2
1.3 Some Personal Thoughts 4
1.4 Problems 5
References to Chap. 1 6
2 Maxwell's Equations, Photons and the Density of States . 11
2.1 Maxwell's Equations 11
2.2 Electromagnetic Radiation in Vacuum 14
2.3 Electromagnetic Radiation in Matter; Linear Optics 17
2.4 Transverse, Longitudinal and Surface Waves 21
2.5 Photons and Some Aspects of Quantum Mechanics
and of Dispersion Relations 22
2.6 Density of States and Occupation Probabilities 26
2.7 Problems 33
References to Chap. 2 34
3 Interaction of Light with Matter 37
3.1 Macroscopic Aspects for Solids 37
3.1.1 Boundary Conditions 37
3.1.2 Laws of Reflection and Refraction 40
3.1.3 Noether's Theorem and Some Aspects
of Conservation Laws 42
3.1.4 Reflection and Transmission at an Interface
and Fresnel's Formulae 44
3.1.5 Extinction and Absorption of Light 48
3.1.6 Transmission Through a Slab of Matter
and Fabry Perot Modes 49
3.1.7 Birefringence and Dichroism 53
3.1.8 Optical Activity 61
XX Contents
3.2 Microscopic Aspects 61
3.2.1 Absorption, Stimulated and Spontaneous Emission,
Virtual Excitation 62
3.2.2 Perturbative Treatment of the Linear Interaction
of Light with Matter 65
3.3 Problems 71
References to Chap. 3 72
4 Ensemble of Uncoupled Oscillators 73
4.1 Equations of Motion and the Dielectric Function 74
4.2 Corrections Due to Quantum Mechanics and Local Fields 77
4.3 Spectra of the Dielectric Function
and of the Complex Index of Refraction 79
4.4 The Spectra of Reflection and Transmission 85
4.5 Interaction of Close Lying Resonances 88
4.6 Problems 90
References to Chap. 4 90
5 The Concept of Polaritons 93
5.1 Polaritons as New Quasiparticles 94
5.2 Dispersion Relation of Polaritons 95
5.3 Polaritons in Solids, Liquids and Gases
and from the IR to the X ray Region 101
5.3.1 Common Optical Properties of Polaritons 101
5.3.2 How the fc vector Develops 105
5.4 Coupled Oscillators and Polaritons
with Spatial Dispersion 109
5.4.1 Dielectric Function and the Polariton States
with Spatial Dispersion Ill
5.4.2 Reflection and Transmission
and Additional Boundary Conditions 113
5.5 Real and Imaginary Parts of Wave Vector and Frequency 117
5.6 Surface Polaritons 118
5.7 Problems 121
References to Chap. 5 122
6 Kramers Kronig Relations 125
6.1 General Concepts 125
6.2 Problem 129
References to Chap. 6 129
7 Crystals, Lattices, Lattice Vibrations and Phonons 131
7.1 Adiabatic Approximation 131
7.2 Lattices and Crystal Structures in Real and Reciprocal Space 133
7.3 Vibrations of a String 138
Contents XXI
7.4 Linear Chains 140
7.5 Three Dimensional Crystals 146
7.6 Quantization of Lattice Vibrations:
Phonons and the Concept of Quasiparticles 147
7.7 The Density of States and Phonon Statistics 150
7.8 Phonons in Alloys 153
7.9 Defects and Localized Phonon Modes 155
7.10 Phonons in Superlattices and in other Structures
of Reduced Dimensionality 157
7.11 Problems 160
References to Chap. 7 161
8 Electrons in a Periodic Crystal 163
8.1 Bloch's Theorem 164
8.2 Metals, Semiconductors, Insulators 168
8.3 An Overview of Semiconducting Materials 170
8.4 Electrons and Holes in Crystals as New Quasiparticles 174
8.5 The Effective Mass Concept 176
8.6 The Polaron Concept
and Other Electron Phonon Interaction Processes 179
8.7 Some Basic Approaches to Band Structure Calculations 182
8.8 Bandstructures of Real Semiconductors 192
8.9 Density of States, Occupation Probability and Critical Points 198
8.10 Electrons and Holes in Quantum Wells and Superlattices 202
8.11 Growth of Quantum Wells and of Superlattices 211
8.12 Quantum Wires 217
8.13 Quantum Dots 219
8.14 Defects, Defect States and Doping 222
8.15 Disordered Systems and Localization 227
8.16 Problems 237
References to Chap. 8 238
9 Excitons, Biexcitons and Trions 243
9.1 Wannier and Frenkel Excitons 244
9.2 Corrections to the Simple Exciton Model 249
9.3 The Influence of Dimensionality 252
9.4 Biexcitons and Trions 257
9.5 Bound Exciton Complexes 258
9.6 Excitons in Disordered Systems 259
9.7 Problems 262
References to Chap. 9 262
XXII Contents
10 Plasmons, Magnons and some Further Elementary
Excitations 265
10.1 Plasmons, Pair Excitations
and Plasmon Phonon Mixed States 265
10.2 Magnons and Magnetic Polarons 270
10.3 Problems 272
References to Chap. 10 273
11 Optical Properties of Phonons 275
11.1 Phonons in Bulk Semiconductors 275
11.1.1 Reflection Spectra 275
11.1.2 Raman Scattering 277
11.1.3 Phonon Polaritons 279
11.1.4 Brillouin Scattering 280
11.1.5 Surface Phonon Polaritons 281
11.1.6 Phonons in Alloys 281
11.1.7 Defects and Localized Phonon Modes 283
11.2 Phonons in Superlattices 284
11.2.1 Backfolded Acoustic Phonons 284
11.2.2 Confined Optic Phonons 285
11.2.3 Interface Phonons 286
11.3 Phonons in Quantum Dots 287
11.4 Problems 288
References to Chap. 11 288
12 Optical Properties of Plasmons,
Plasmon Phonon Mixed States and of Magnons 291
12.1 Surface Plasmons 292
12.2 Plasmon Phonon Mixed States 293
12.3 Plasmons in Systems of Reduced Dimensionality 295
12.4 Optical Properties of Magnons 296
12.5 Problems 296
References to Chap. 12 297
13 Optical Properties of Intrinsic Excitons
in Bulk Semiconductors 299
13.1 Excitons with strong Oscillator Strength 299
13.1.1 Exciton Photon Coupling 299
13.1.2 Consequences of Spatial Dispersion 302
13.1.3 Spectra of Reflection, Transmission
and Luminescence 304
13.1.4 Spectroscopy in Momentum Space 318
13.1.5 Surface Exciton Polaritons 325
13.1.6 Excitons in Organic Semiconductors
and in Insulators 326
Contents XXIII
13.1.7 Optical Transitions Above the Fundamental Gap
and Core Excitons 330
13.2 Forbidden Exciton Transitions 335
13.2.1 Direct Gap Semiconductors 335
13.2.1.1 Triplet States and Related Transitions 335
13.2.1.2 Parity Forbidden Band to Band Transitions . 336
13.2.2 Indirect Gap Semiconductors 339
13.3 Intraexcitonic Transitions 342
13.4 Problems 345
References to Chap. 13 346
14 Optical Properties of Bound
and Localized Excitons and of Defect States 351
14.1 Bound Exciton and Multi exciton Complexes 351
14.2 Donor Acceptor Pairs and Related Transitions 359
14.3 Internal Transitions and Deep Centers 361
14.4 Excitons in Disordered Systems 362
14.5 Problems 367
References to Chap. 14 367
15 Optical Properties of Excitons in Structures
of Reduced Dimensionality 371
15.1 Qantum Wells 371
15.2 Coupled Quantum Wells and Superlattices 381
15.3 Quantum Wires 388
15.4 Quantum Dots 392
15.5 Problems 403
References to Chap. 15 404
16 Excitons Under the Influence of External Fields 411
16.1 Magnetic Fields 411
16.1.1 Nonmagnetic Bulk Semiconductors 413
16.1.2 Diluted Magnetic Bulk Semiconductors 418
16.1.3 Semiconductor Structures of Reduced Dimensionality . . 421
16.2 Electric Fields 423
16.2.1 Bulk Semiconductors 424
16.2.2 Semiconductor Structures of Reduced Dimensionality . . 427
16.3 Strain Fields 429
16.3.1 Bulk Semiconductors 430
16.3.2 Structures of Reduced Dimensionality 433
16.4 Problems 434
References to Chap. 16 435
XXIV Contents
17 From Cavity Polaritons to Photonic Crystals 439
17.1 Cavity Polaritons 439
17.1.1 The Empty Resonator 439
17.1.2 Cavity Polaritons 442
17.2 Photonic Crystals and Photonic Band Gap Structures 444
17.2.1 Introduction to the Basic Concepts 444
17.2.2 Realization of Photonic Crystals and Applications 448
17.3 Photonic Atoms, Molecules and Crystals 451
17.4 Further Developments of Photonic Crystals 455
17.5 A Few Words about Metamaterials 456
17.6 Problems 458
References to Chap. 17 458
18 Review of the Linear Optical Properties 461
18.1 Review of the Linear Optical Properties 461
18.2 Problem 464
References to Chap. 18 464
19 High Excitation Effects and Nonlinear Optics 467
19.1 Introduction and Definition 467
19.2 General Scenario for High Excitation Effects 476
19.3 Beyond the \^ Approximations 479
19.4 Problems 480
References to Chap. 19 481
20 The Intermediate Density Regime 483
20.1 Two Photon Absorption by Excitons 483
20.2 Elastic and Inelastic Scattering Processes 484
20.3 Biexcitons and Trions 487
20.3.1 Bulk Semiconductors 488
20.3.2 Structures of Reduced Dimensionality 498
20.4 Optical or ac Stark Effect 503
20.5 Excitonic Bose Einstein Condensation 506
20.5.1 Basic Properties 506
20.5.2 Attempts to find BEC in Bulk Semiconductors 508
20.5.3 Structures of Reduced Dimensionality 513
20.5.4 Driven Excitonic Bose Einstein Condensations 517
20.5.5 Excitonic Insulators and Other Systems 518
20.5.6 Conclusion and Outlook 519
20.6 Photo thermal Optical Nonlinearities 519
20.7 Problems 520
References to Chap. 20 521
Contents XXV
21 The Electron Hole Plasma 529
21.1 The Mott Density 529
21.2 Band Gap Renormalization and Phase Diagram 532
21.3 Electron Hole Plasmas in Bulk Semiconductors 538
21.3.1 Indirect Gap Materials 539
21.3.2 Electron Hole Plasmas in Direct Gap Semiconductors. 542
21.4 Electron Hole Plasma in Structures
of Reduced Dimensionality 552
21.5 Inter subband Transitions in Unipolar and Bipolar Plasmas . 555
21.5.1 Bulk Semiconductors 555
21.5.2 Structures of Reduced Dimensionality 556
21.6 Problems 558
References to Chap. 21 558
22 Stimulated Emission and Laser Processes 563
22.1 Excitonic Processes 564
22.2 Electron Hole Plasmas 572
22.3 Basic Concepts of Laser Diodes and Present Research Trends 573
22.4 Problems 577
References to Chap. 22 577
23 Time Resolved Spectroscopy 581
23.1 The Basic Time Constants 582
23.2 Decoherence and Phase Relaxation 588
23.2.1 Determination of the Phase Relaxation Times 588
23.2.1.1 Four Wave Mixing Experiments 588
23.2.1.2 Other Techniques and Coherent Processes . 606
23.2.2 Quantum Coherence, Coherent Control
and Non Markovian Decay 622
23.2.2.1 Markovian versus Non Markovian Damping . 622
23.2.2.2 Damping by LO Phonon Emission
and Other Processes 624
23.2.2.3 Rabi Oscillations 628
23.3 Intra Subband and Inter Subband Relaxation 631
23.3.1 Formation Times of Various Collective Excitations 631
23.3.2 Intraband and Inter subband Relaxation 633
23.3.3 Transport Properties 638
23.4 Interband Recombination 639
23.5 Problems 646
References to Chap. 23 647
24 Optical Bistability, Optical Computing, Spintronics
and Quantum Computing 655
24.1 Optical Bistability 655
24.1.1 Basic Concepts and Mechanisms 656
XXVI Contents
24.1.2 Dispersive Optical Bistability 657
24.1.3 Optical Bistability Due to Bleaching 660
24.1.4 Induced Absorptive Bistability 662
24.1.5 Electro Optic Bistability 666
24.1.6 Nonlinear Dynamics 668
24.2 Device Ideas, Digital Optical Computing and Why It Failed . . 675
24.3 Spintronics 679
24.4 Quantum Computing 679
24.5 Problems 680
References to Chap. 24 681
25 Experimental Methods 685
25.1 Linear Optical Spectroscopy 686
25.1.1 Equipment for Linear Spectroscopy 687
25.1.2 Techniques and Results 690
25.2 Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy 695
25.2.1 Equipment for Nonlinear Optics 695
25.2.2 Experimental Techniques and Results 698
25.2.2.1 One Beam Methods 698
25.2.2.2 Pump and Probe Beam Spectroscopy 700
25.2.2.3 Four Wave Mixing and Laser Induced Gratings 702
25.3 Time Resolved Spectroscopy 707
25.3.1 Equipment for Time Resolved Spectroscopy 707
25.3.2 Experimental Techniques and Results 711
25.3.2.1 Lifetime Measurements 712
25.3.2.2 Intraband and Intersubband Relaxation 713
25.3.2.3 Coherent Processes 714
25.4 Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy 716
25.4.1 Equipment for Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy 717
25.4.2 Experimental Techniques and Results 719
25.5 Spectroscopy Under the Influence of External Fields 721
25.5.1 Equipment for Spectroscopy Under the Influence
of External Fields 722
25.5.2 Experimental Techniques and Results 723
25.6 Problems 726
References to Chap. 25 726
26 Group Theory in Semiconductor Optics 735
26.1 Introductory Remarks 735
26.2 Some Aspects of Abstract Group Theory for Crystals 736
26.2.1 Some Abstract Definitions 737
26.2.2 Classification of the Group Elements 737
26.2.3 Isomorphism and Homomorphism of Groups 738
26.2.4 Some Examples of Groups 738
26.3 Theory of Representations and of Characters 743
Contents XXVII
26.4 Hamilton Operator and Group Theory 748
26.5 Applications to Semiconductors Optics 751
26.6 Some Selected Group Tables 761
26.7 Problems 768
References to Chap. 26 768
27 Semiconductor Bloch Equations 771
27.1 Dynamics of a Two Level System 772
27.1.1 Wave Function Description 773
27.1.2 Polarization and Inversion as State Variables 775
27.1.3 Pseudo Spin Formulation 776
27.1.4 Linear Response of a Two Level System 777
27.2 Optical Bloch Equations 778
27.2.1 Interband susceptibility 779
27.3 Semiconductor Bloch Equations 780
27.3.1 Excitons 781
27.4 Coherent Processes 784
27.4.1 Pump Probe 784
27.4.2 Four Wave Mixing 785
27.4.3 Photon Echo 785
27.5 Problems 789
References to Chap. 27 790
The Final Problem 793
Subject Index 795 |
| adam_txt |
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Aims and Concepts 1
1.2 Outline of the Book and a lot of References 2
1.3 Some Personal Thoughts 4
1.4 Problems 5
References to Chap. 1 6
2 Maxwell's Equations, Photons and the Density of States . 11
2.1 Maxwell's Equations 11
2.2 Electromagnetic Radiation in Vacuum 14
2.3 Electromagnetic Radiation in Matter; Linear Optics 17
2.4 Transverse, Longitudinal and Surface Waves 21
2.5 Photons and Some Aspects of Quantum Mechanics
and of Dispersion Relations 22
2.6 Density of States and Occupation Probabilities 26
2.7 Problems 33
References to Chap. 2 34
3 Interaction of Light with Matter 37
3.1 Macroscopic Aspects for Solids 37
3.1.1 Boundary Conditions 37
3.1.2 Laws of Reflection and Refraction 40
3.1.3 Noether's Theorem and Some Aspects
of Conservation Laws 42
3.1.4 Reflection and Transmission at an Interface
and Fresnel's Formulae 44
3.1.5 Extinction and Absorption of Light 48
3.1.6 Transmission Through a Slab of Matter
and Fabry Perot Modes 49
3.1.7 Birefringence and Dichroism 53
3.1.8 Optical Activity 61
XX Contents
3.2 Microscopic Aspects 61
3.2.1 Absorption, Stimulated and Spontaneous Emission,
Virtual Excitation 62
3.2.2 Perturbative Treatment of the Linear Interaction
of Light with Matter 65
3.3 Problems 71
References to Chap. 3 72
4 Ensemble of Uncoupled Oscillators 73
4.1 Equations of Motion and the Dielectric Function 74
4.2 Corrections Due to Quantum Mechanics and Local Fields 77
4.3 Spectra of the Dielectric Function
and of the Complex Index of Refraction 79
4.4 The Spectra of Reflection and Transmission 85
4.5 Interaction of Close Lying Resonances 88
4.6 Problems 90
References to Chap. 4 90
5 The Concept of Polaritons 93
5.1 Polaritons as New Quasiparticles 94
5.2 Dispersion Relation of Polaritons 95
5.3 Polaritons in Solids, Liquids and Gases
and from the IR to the X ray Region 101
5.3.1 Common Optical Properties of Polaritons 101
5.3.2 How the fc vector Develops 105
5.4 Coupled Oscillators and Polaritons
with Spatial Dispersion 109
5.4.1 Dielectric Function and the Polariton States
with Spatial Dispersion Ill
5.4.2 Reflection and Transmission
and Additional Boundary Conditions 113
5.5 Real and Imaginary Parts of Wave Vector and Frequency 117
5.6 Surface Polaritons 118
5.7 Problems 121
References to Chap. 5 122
6 Kramers Kronig Relations 125
6.1 General Concepts 125
6.2 Problem 129
References to Chap. 6 129
7 Crystals, Lattices, Lattice Vibrations and Phonons 131
7.1 Adiabatic Approximation 131
7.2 Lattices and Crystal Structures in Real and Reciprocal Space 133
7.3 Vibrations of a String 138
Contents XXI
7.4 Linear Chains 140
7.5 Three Dimensional Crystals 146
7.6 Quantization of Lattice Vibrations:
Phonons and the Concept of Quasiparticles 147
7.7 The Density of States and Phonon Statistics 150
7.8 Phonons in Alloys 153
7.9 Defects and Localized Phonon Modes 155
7.10 Phonons in Superlattices and in other Structures
of Reduced Dimensionality 157
7.11 Problems 160
References to Chap. 7 161
8 Electrons in a Periodic Crystal 163
8.1 Bloch's Theorem 164
8.2 Metals, Semiconductors, Insulators 168
8.3 An Overview of Semiconducting Materials 170
8.4 Electrons and Holes in Crystals as New Quasiparticles 174
8.5 The Effective Mass Concept 176
8.6 The Polaron Concept
and Other Electron Phonon Interaction Processes 179
8.7 Some Basic Approaches to Band Structure Calculations 182
8.8 Bandstructures of Real Semiconductors 192
8.9 Density of States, Occupation Probability and Critical Points 198
8.10 Electrons and Holes in Quantum Wells and Superlattices 202
8.11 Growth of Quantum Wells and of Superlattices 211
8.12 Quantum Wires 217
8.13 Quantum Dots 219
8.14 Defects, Defect States and Doping 222
8.15 Disordered Systems and Localization 227
8.16 Problems 237
References to Chap. 8 238
9 Excitons, Biexcitons and Trions 243
9.1 Wannier and Frenkel Excitons 244
9.2 Corrections to the Simple Exciton Model 249
9.3 The Influence of Dimensionality 252
9.4 Biexcitons and Trions 257
9.5 Bound Exciton Complexes 258
9.6 Excitons in Disordered Systems 259
9.7 Problems 262
References to Chap. 9 262
XXII Contents
10 Plasmons, Magnons and some Further Elementary
Excitations 265
10.1 Plasmons, Pair Excitations
and Plasmon Phonon Mixed States 265
10.2 Magnons and Magnetic Polarons 270
10.3 Problems 272
References to Chap. 10 273
11 Optical Properties of Phonons 275
11.1 Phonons in Bulk Semiconductors 275
11.1.1 Reflection Spectra 275
11.1.2 Raman Scattering 277
11.1.3 Phonon Polaritons 279
11.1.4 Brillouin Scattering 280
11.1.5 Surface Phonon Polaritons 281
11.1.6 Phonons in Alloys 281
11.1.7 Defects and Localized Phonon Modes 283
11.2 Phonons in Superlattices 284
11.2.1 Backfolded Acoustic Phonons 284
11.2.2 Confined Optic Phonons 285
11.2.3 Interface Phonons 286
11.3 Phonons in Quantum Dots 287
11.4 Problems 288
References to Chap. 11 288
12 Optical Properties of Plasmons,
Plasmon Phonon Mixed States and of Magnons 291
12.1 Surface Plasmons 292
12.2 Plasmon Phonon Mixed States 293
12.3 Plasmons in Systems of Reduced Dimensionality 295
12.4 Optical Properties of Magnons 296
12.5 Problems 296
References to Chap. 12 297
13 Optical Properties of Intrinsic Excitons
in Bulk Semiconductors 299
13.1 Excitons with strong Oscillator Strength 299
13.1.1 Exciton Photon Coupling 299
13.1.2 Consequences of Spatial Dispersion 302
13.1.3 Spectra of Reflection, Transmission
and Luminescence 304
13.1.4 Spectroscopy in Momentum Space 318
13.1.5 Surface Exciton Polaritons 325
13.1.6 Excitons in Organic Semiconductors
and in Insulators 326
Contents XXIII
13.1.7 Optical Transitions Above the Fundamental Gap
and Core Excitons 330
13.2 Forbidden Exciton Transitions 335
13.2.1 Direct Gap Semiconductors 335
13.2.1.1 Triplet States and Related Transitions 335
13.2.1.2 Parity Forbidden Band to Band Transitions . 336
13.2.2 Indirect Gap Semiconductors 339
13.3 Intraexcitonic Transitions 342
13.4 Problems 345
References to Chap. 13 346
14 Optical Properties of Bound
and Localized Excitons and of Defect States 351
14.1 Bound Exciton and Multi exciton Complexes 351
14.2 Donor Acceptor Pairs and Related Transitions 359
14.3 Internal Transitions and Deep Centers 361
14.4 Excitons in Disordered Systems 362
14.5 Problems 367
References to Chap. 14 367
15 Optical Properties of Excitons in Structures
of Reduced Dimensionality 371
15.1 Qantum Wells 371
15.2 Coupled Quantum Wells and Superlattices 381
15.3 Quantum Wires 388
15.4 Quantum Dots 392
15.5 Problems 403
References to Chap. 15 404
16 Excitons Under the Influence of External Fields 411
16.1 Magnetic Fields 411
16.1.1 Nonmagnetic Bulk Semiconductors 413
16.1.2 Diluted Magnetic Bulk Semiconductors 418
16.1.3 Semiconductor Structures of Reduced Dimensionality . . 421
16.2 Electric Fields 423
16.2.1 Bulk Semiconductors 424
16.2.2 Semiconductor Structures of Reduced Dimensionality . . 427
16.3 Strain Fields 429
16.3.1 Bulk Semiconductors 430
16.3.2 Structures of Reduced Dimensionality 433
16.4 Problems 434
References to Chap. 16 435
XXIV Contents
17 From Cavity Polaritons to Photonic Crystals 439
17.1 Cavity Polaritons 439
17.1.1 The Empty Resonator 439
17.1.2 Cavity Polaritons 442
17.2 Photonic Crystals and Photonic Band Gap Structures 444
17.2.1 Introduction to the Basic Concepts 444
17.2.2 Realization of Photonic Crystals and Applications 448
17.3 Photonic Atoms, Molecules and Crystals 451
17.4 Further Developments of Photonic Crystals 455
17.5 A Few Words about Metamaterials 456
17.6 Problems 458
References to Chap. 17 458
18 Review of the Linear Optical Properties 461
18.1 Review of the Linear Optical Properties 461
18.2 Problem 464
References to Chap. 18 464
19 High Excitation Effects and Nonlinear Optics 467
19.1 Introduction and Definition 467
19.2 General Scenario for High Excitation Effects 476
19.3 Beyond the \^ Approximations 479
19.4 Problems 480
References to Chap. 19 481
20 The Intermediate Density Regime 483
20.1 Two Photon Absorption by Excitons 483
20.2 Elastic and Inelastic Scattering Processes 484
20.3 Biexcitons and Trions 487
20.3.1 Bulk Semiconductors 488
20.3.2 Structures of Reduced Dimensionality 498
20.4 Optical or ac Stark Effect 503
20.5 Excitonic Bose Einstein Condensation 506
20.5.1 Basic Properties 506
20.5.2 Attempts to find BEC in Bulk Semiconductors 508
20.5.3 Structures of Reduced Dimensionality 513
20.5.4 Driven Excitonic Bose Einstein Condensations 517
20.5.5 Excitonic Insulators and Other Systems 518
20.5.6 Conclusion and Outlook 519
20.6 Photo thermal Optical Nonlinearities 519
20.7 Problems 520
References to Chap. 20 521
Contents XXV
21 The Electron Hole Plasma 529
21.1 The Mott Density 529
21.2 Band Gap Renormalization and Phase Diagram 532
21.3 Electron Hole Plasmas in Bulk Semiconductors 538
21.3.1 Indirect Gap Materials 539
21.3.2 Electron Hole Plasmas in Direct Gap Semiconductors. 542
21.4 Electron Hole Plasma in Structures
of Reduced Dimensionality 552
21.5 Inter subband Transitions in Unipolar and Bipolar Plasmas . 555
21.5.1 Bulk Semiconductors 555
21.5.2 Structures of Reduced Dimensionality 556
21.6 Problems 558
References to Chap. 21 558
22 Stimulated Emission and Laser Processes 563
22.1 Excitonic Processes 564
22.2 Electron Hole Plasmas 572
22.3 Basic Concepts of Laser Diodes and Present Research Trends 573
22.4 Problems 577
References to Chap. 22 577
23 Time Resolved Spectroscopy 581
23.1 The Basic Time Constants 582
23.2 Decoherence and Phase Relaxation 588
23.2.1 Determination of the Phase Relaxation Times 588
23.2.1.1 Four Wave Mixing Experiments 588
23.2.1.2 Other Techniques and Coherent Processes . 606
23.2.2 Quantum Coherence, Coherent Control
and Non Markovian Decay 622
23.2.2.1 Markovian versus Non Markovian Damping . 622
23.2.2.2 Damping by LO Phonon Emission
and Other Processes 624
23.2.2.3 Rabi Oscillations 628
23.3 Intra Subband and Inter Subband Relaxation 631
23.3.1 Formation Times of Various Collective Excitations 631
23.3.2 Intraband and Inter subband Relaxation 633
23.3.3 Transport Properties 638
23.4 Interband Recombination 639
23.5 Problems 646
References to Chap. 23 647
24 Optical Bistability, Optical Computing, Spintronics
and Quantum Computing 655
24.1 Optical Bistability 655
24.1.1 Basic Concepts and Mechanisms 656
XXVI Contents
24.1.2 Dispersive Optical Bistability 657
24.1.3 Optical Bistability Due to Bleaching 660
24.1.4 Induced Absorptive Bistability 662
24.1.5 Electro Optic Bistability 666
24.1.6 Nonlinear Dynamics 668
24.2 Device Ideas, Digital Optical Computing and Why It Failed . . 675
24.3 Spintronics 679
24.4 Quantum Computing 679
24.5 Problems 680
References to Chap. 24 681
25 Experimental Methods 685
25.1 Linear Optical Spectroscopy 686
25.1.1 Equipment for Linear Spectroscopy 687
25.1.2 Techniques and Results 690
25.2 Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy 695
25.2.1 Equipment for Nonlinear Optics 695
25.2.2 Experimental Techniques and Results 698
25.2.2.1 One Beam Methods 698
25.2.2.2 Pump and Probe Beam Spectroscopy 700
25.2.2.3 Four Wave Mixing and Laser Induced Gratings 702
25.3 Time Resolved Spectroscopy 707
25.3.1 Equipment for Time Resolved Spectroscopy 707
25.3.2 Experimental Techniques and Results 711
25.3.2.1 Lifetime Measurements 712
25.3.2.2 Intraband and Intersubband Relaxation 713
25.3.2.3 Coherent Processes 714
25.4 Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy 716
25.4.1 Equipment for Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy 717
25.4.2 Experimental Techniques and Results 719
25.5 Spectroscopy Under the Influence of External Fields 721
25.5.1 Equipment for Spectroscopy Under the Influence
of External Fields 722
25.5.2 Experimental Techniques and Results 723
25.6 Problems 726
References to Chap. 25 726
26 Group Theory in Semiconductor Optics 735
26.1 Introductory Remarks 735
26.2 Some Aspects of Abstract Group Theory for Crystals 736
26.2.1 Some Abstract Definitions 737
26.2.2 Classification of the Group Elements 737
26.2.3 Isomorphism and Homomorphism of Groups 738
26.2.4 Some Examples of Groups 738
26.3 Theory of Representations and of Characters 743
Contents XXVII
26.4 Hamilton Operator and Group Theory 748
26.5 Applications to Semiconductors Optics 751
26.6 Some Selected Group Tables 761
26.7 Problems 768
References to Chap. 26 768
27 Semiconductor Bloch Equations 771
27.1 Dynamics of a Two Level System 772
27.1.1 Wave Function Description 773
27.1.2 Polarization and Inversion as State Variables 775
27.1.3 Pseudo Spin Formulation 776
27.1.4 Linear Response of a Two Level System 777
27.2 Optical Bloch Equations 778
27.2.1 Interband susceptibility 779
27.3 Semiconductor Bloch Equations 780
27.3.1 Excitons 781
27.4 Coherent Processes 784
27.4.1 Pump Probe 784
27.4.2 Four Wave Mixing 785
27.4.3 Photon Echo 785
27.5 Problems 789
References to Chap. 27 790
The Final Problem 793
Subject Index 795 |
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| author | Klingshirn, Claus 1944- |
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| discipline | Physik Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| discipline_str_mv | Physik Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:38:31Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T09:11:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 354038345X 9783540383451 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXVII, 809 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
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| series2 | Advanced texts in physics |
| spelling | Klingshirn, Claus 1944- Verfasser (DE-588)113879016 aut Semiconductor optics Claus Klingshirn 3. ed. Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2007 XXVII, 809 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Advanced texts in physics Quasi-particules Semiconducteurs - Propriétés optiques ram Théorie quantique Semiconducteurs Propriétés optiques Halbleiter (DE-588)4022993-2 gnd rswk-swf Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 gnd rswk-swf Optische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4123887-4 gnd rswk-swf Halbleiter (DE-588)4022993-2 s Optische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4123887-4 s DE-604 Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 s 1\p DE-604 http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2842784&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Beschreibung für Leser HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015459038&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Klingshirn, Claus 1944- Semiconductor optics Quasi-particules Semiconducteurs - Propriétés optiques ram Théorie quantique Semiconducteurs Propriétés optiques Halbleiter (DE-588)4022993-2 gnd Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 gnd Optische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4123887-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4022993-2 (DE-588)4043650-0 (DE-588)4123887-4 |
| title | Semiconductor optics |
| title_auth | Semiconductor optics |
| title_exact_search | Semiconductor optics |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Semiconductor optics |
| title_full | Semiconductor optics Claus Klingshirn |
| title_fullStr | Semiconductor optics Claus Klingshirn |
| title_full_unstemmed | Semiconductor optics Claus Klingshirn |
| title_short | Semiconductor optics |
| title_sort | semiconductor optics |
| topic | Quasi-particules Semiconducteurs - Propriétés optiques ram Théorie quantique Semiconducteurs Propriétés optiques Halbleiter (DE-588)4022993-2 gnd Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 gnd Optische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4123887-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Quasi-particules Semiconducteurs - Propriétés optiques Théorie quantique Semiconducteurs Propriétés optiques Halbleiter Optik Optische Eigenschaft |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2842784&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015459038&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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