Virtual fabrication of aluminum products: microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
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| Sprache: | English |
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Weinheim
Wiley-VCH-Verl.
2006
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XXIV, 381 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783527313631 352731363X |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136225862320128 |
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| adam_text | VIRTUAL FABRICATION OF ALUMINUM PRODUCTS MICROSTRUCTURAL MODELING IN
INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM PRODUCTION EDITED BY JUERGEN HIRSCH WILEY- VCH
WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA CONTENTS PREFACE XVII LIST OF
CONTRIBUTORS XIX INTRODUCTION 1 JUERGEN HIRSCH (EDITOR) PART I MAIN AL
ALLOYS & PRODUCTS 5 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING AND TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 1 DC
CASTING 7 MICROSTRUCTURE AND GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS WOLFGANG SCHNEIDER
AND GERD- ULRICH GRUEN 1.1 INTRODUCTION 7 1.2 OVERVIEW ON MICROSTRUCTURE
RELATED SPECIFICATIONS OF AS-CAST MATERIAL 7 1.3 STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS
IN D.C. CASTING OF ALUMINIUM AND ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 8 1.4 SUMMARY 12
REFERENCES 12 2 AL 99,5 FOR PACKAGING AND FOIL APPLICATIONS 13 EN-AW
1XXX PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR FOIL PRODUCTS & RELATIONSHIP TO
MICROSTRUCTURE, ALLOY COMPOSITION AND PROCESSING RICHARD HAMERTON 2.1
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 13 2.2 MATERIAL QUALITY REQUIREMENTS 15 2.3
ALUMINIUM ALLOY CLASS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS 1 5 2.4 MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES AT FINAL GAUGE 15 2.5 TYPICAL PROCESS ROUTE FOR DC CAST EN-AW
1200 FOIL PRODUCTS 16 2.6 RELATIONSHIP OF PERFORMANCE TO MICROSTRUCTURE
AND PROCESSING 16 2.6.1 MICROSTRUCTURAL FEATURES CONTROLLING PRODUCT
PERFORMANCE 16 VIRTUAL FABRICATION OF ALUMINUM PRODUCTS. MICROSTRUCTURAL
MODELING IN INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM PRODUCTION. EDITED BY JURGEN HIRSCH
COPYRIGHT 2006 WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA, WEINHEIM ISBN:
3-527-31363-X VI 2.6.2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.4 3.5 4
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.5.5 4.6 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
EFFECT OF COMPOSITION AND PROCESSING ON MICROSTRUCTURE OF EN-AW 1200 18
REFERENCES 18 AL-MN BRAZING SHEET FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS 19 EN AW-3XXX
PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE, AND PROPERTIES HANS-ERIK EKSTROEM PRODUCT
DESCRIPTION 1 9 ALUMINIUM ALLOY CLASS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS 20
MATERIAL QUALITY REQUIREMENTS 20 BRAZEABILITY 21 MECHANICAL STRENGTH 22
FORMABILITY 22 CORROSION RESISTANCE 22 PRODUCTION ROUTE AND PROCESS
DETAILS 23 CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE ON MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION AND
PROPERTIES 24 REFERENCES 26 AIMN1 MGL FOR BEVERAGE CANS 27 EN-AW 3104
PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE, SIMULATION AND PROPERTY CONTROL JUERGEN
HIRSCH PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 27 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS 28 ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
USED AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS 28 QUALITY PARAMETERS 29 PRODUCTION ROUTE
AND PROCESS DETAILS 31 DC-INGOT CASTING 32 HOMOGENIZATION 32 HOT ROLLING
33 COLD ROLLING 34 ANNEALING/PAINT BAKING 34 SIMULATION OF
MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION AND PROPERTIES 35 REFERENCES 36 AL-MG SHEET FOR
AUTOMOTIVE AND ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS 37 EN-AW 5XXX PROCESSING,
MICROSTRUCTURE, SIMULATION AND PROPERTY CONTROL TIM J. HURD AND MENNO R.
VAN DER WINDEN PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 37 MATERIAL QUALITY REQUIREMENT 37
ALUMINIUM ALLOY CLASS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS 39 QUALITY PARAMETERS
AND TYPICAL CUSTOMER SPECIFICATIONS FOR EN-AW 5005 40 CONTENTS VII 5.4.1
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 40 5.4.2 GRAIN STRUCTURE 41 5.4.3 EARING/TEXTURE
41 5.4.4 ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES 42 5.4.5 CORROSION PROPERTIES
42 5.4.6 JOINING PROPERTIES 42 5.5 PRODUCTION ROUTE AND PROCESS DETAILS
43 5.5.1 DC-INGOT CASTING 44 5.5.2 PREHEATING/HOMOGENISATION 44 5.5.3
HOT ROLLING 44 5.5.4 COLD ROLLING 44 5.5.5 ANNEALING AND INTERANNEALING
45 5.5.6 FURTHER PROCESSING 4 5 5.6 MICROSTRUCTURE /PROPERTIES
RELATIONSHIPS 45 5.7 SIMULATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION AND
PROPERTIES 48 5.8 SUMMARY 48 REFERENCES 49 6 AL-MG-SI SHEET ALLOYS FOR
AUTOBODY APPLICATIONS 51 EN AW-6XXX PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE AND
PROPERTY CONTROL EIKE BRUENGER, OLAF ENGLER AND JUERGEN HIRSCH 6.1 PRODUCT
DESCRIPTION 51 6.2 ALUMINIUM ALLOY CLASS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS 53
6.3 MATERIAL QUALITY REQUIREMENTS 54 6.3.1 STAMPING AND HEMMING
PERFORMANCE 54 6.4 SURFACE APPEARANCE AFTER FORMING 56 6.5 STRENGTH
AFTER BAKE HARDENING 57 6.6 PRODUCTION ROUTE AND PROCESS DETAILS 58
REFERENCES 61 7 EXTRUSIONS FROM HEAT TREATABLE ALLOYS 65 EN AW-6063, EN
AW-6082 AND EN AW-7108 - PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE, SIMULATION AND
PROPERTY CONTROL TANJA PETTERSEN AND TROND FURU 7.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
AND APPLICATIONS 65 7.2 MATERIAL (QUALITY) REQUIREMENTS AND TYPICAL
CUSTOMER SPECIFICATIONS 67 7.3 ALUMINIUM ALLOY CLASS AND CHEMICAL
COMPOSITIONS 67 7.4 PRODUCTION ROUTE AND PROCESS DETAILS 68 7.5
MICROSTRUCTURE EFFECTS AND PROPERTIES 69 7.5.1 EN-AW6063 69 7.5.1.1
THERMO-MECHANICAL PROCESSING 70 7.5.1.2 THE AS-DEFORMED MATERIAL 72
7.5.1.3 RECRYSTALLIZED MATERIAL 73 7.5.2 EN-AW 6082 75 VIII CONTENTS
7.5.2.1 7.5.3 7.6 PART II 8 8.1 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.3 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.1.1
8.4.1.2 8.5 8.6 8.6.1 8.6.2 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 9 9.1 9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2
9.2.3 9.2.4 9.3 9.3.1 THE AS-DEFORMED MATERIAL 75 EN-AW 7108 78
MODELLING FLOW STRESS, RECRYSTALLIZATION, MICROSTRUCTURES AND TEXTURES
79 REFERENCES 81 MATERIAL MODELS 83 INTEGRATED PROCESS SIMULATIONS
PHYSICAL METALLURGY 85 FUNDAMENTALS OF THROUGH-PROCESS MODELLING GUENTER
GOTTSTEIN THE PROBLEM 85 HOMOGENIZATION 8 6 THERMODYNAMICS 86 DIFFUSION
88 ROUGHING OR BREAK-DOWN ROLLING 91 HOT ROLLING 92 CRYSTAL PLASTICITY
92 DISLOCATIONS 92 HARDENING MECHANISMS 93 RECOVERY 96 RECRYSTALLIZATION
97 INTRODUCTION 97 INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES AND PARTICLES 100 GRAIN GROWTH
103 TEXTURE 106 COLD ROLLING 108 BACK ANNEALING 109 SUMMARY 109
REFERENCES 110 SOLIDIFICATION MICROSTRUCTURES IN ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 111
REVIEW OF MODELLING APPROACHES ALAIN JACOT INTRODUCTION 111 MODELLING OF
GRAIN STRUCTURES ON THE PROCESS SCALE 112 THE DETERMINISTIC APPROACH 112
THE STOCHASTIC APPROACH 113 MODELLING THE GRAIN STRUCTURE IN DC CASTING
OF ALUMINIUM 115 THE VIRCAST MODEL 11 5 MODELLING OF INTERNAL GRAIN
STRUCTURES 116 THE PRIMARY PHASE FORMATION 117 CONTENTS IX 9.3.2 THE
PHASE FIELD METHOD 118 9.3.3 LEVEL SET AND PSEUDO-FRONT TRACKING METHODS
9.3.4 THE VIRCAST PRIMARY PHASE MODEL 120 9.3.5 THE FORMATION OF
INTERDENDRITIC PHASES 121 9.3.6 THE VIRCAST SECONDARY PHASE MODEL 122
9.4 CONCLUSION 125 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 125 REFERENCES 126 120 10 WORK
HARDENING OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 129 A REVIEW OF SELECTED WORK HARDENING
MODELS BJORN HOLMEDAL, ERIK NES AND KNUT MARTHINSEN ABSTRACT 129 10.1
INTRODUCTION 129 10.2 REVIEW OF MODELS 131 10.2.1 THE MTS-MODEL 131
10.2.2 THE MMP-MODEL 133 10.2.3 THE 3IV-MODEL 136 10.2.4 OTHER MODELS
138 10.3 DISCUSSION AND APPLICATION 139 10.3.1 THE FLOW STRESS MODELS
140 10.3.2 ATHERMAL STORAGE OF DISLOCATIONS 141 10.3.3 DYNAMIC RECOVERY
141 10.3.4 THE DIFFERENT STAGES OF WORK HARDENING 143 10.3.5 MODELLING
WORK HARDENING AND HOT DEFORMATION BEHAVIOUR OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 147
10.4 SUMMARY 253 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 153 REFERENCES 154 11 RECOVERY,
RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH 157 REVIEW OF SOFTENING MODELS GUNTER
GOTTSTEIN 11.1 INTRODUCTION 157 11.2 PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS 158 11.3
GEOMETRICAL MICROSTRUCTURE MODELS 159 11.4 VERTEX MODELS 161 11.5
DISCRETE MODELS 163 11.6 RECOVERY 167 11.6.1 DISLOCATION REARRANGEMENT
167 11.6.2 SUBGRAIN COARSENING 168 11.7 TEXTURE MODELS 169 11.8 SUMMARY
173 REFERENCES 173 X CONTENTS 12 SIMULATION OF DEFORMATION TEXTURES 177
A REVIEW OF LATEST GRAIN-INTERACTION MODELS PAUL VAN HOUTTE, SAIYI LI
AND OLAFENGLER ABSTRACT 177 12.1 INTRODUCTION 177 12.1 DESCRIPTION OF
MODELS 178 12.3 MODEL VALIDATION 183 12.4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 185
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 187 REFERENCES 188 13 SIMULATION OF SHEET ANISOTROPY 189
POLYCRYSTAL-PLASTICITY SIMULATION OF EARING PROFILES FROM TEXTURE DATA
OLAF ENGLER, JUERGEN HIRSCH AND STEFAN KALZ ABSTRACT 189 13.1
INTRODUCTION 189 13.2 POLYCRYSTAL-PLASTICITY MODELLING OF EARING
PROFILES 191 13.3 APPLICATION OF THE EARING MODEL AND ASSESSMENT OF THE
PREDICTIONS 193 13.3.1 VIR[FORM] SHEET ALLOYS 193 13.3.2 EN-AW 3104 CAN
BODY STOCK 194 13.3.3 PSN TEXTURE WITH 25/70 EARING PROFILES 195 13.4
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 196 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 197 REFERENCES 198 14
MODELLING MICROCHEMISTRY 199 SIMULATION OF ALLOY EFFECTS IN ALUMINIUM
ALEXIS MIROUX, RIAS (Z.J.) LOK, ERICA ANSELMINO AND SYBRAND VAN DER
ZWAAG 14.1 INTRODUCTION 199 14.2 MICROCHEMISTRY INTERACTION WITH
MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 200 14.2.1 INTERACTION
MECHANISMS AND IMPORTANT PARAMETERS TO EXCHANGE 200 14.2.1.1 SOLUTES AND
PRECIPITATES INFLUENCE ON WORK-HARDENING 200 14.2.1.2 SOLUTES AND
PRECIPITATES INFLUENCE ON RECOVERY AND RECRYSTALLISATION 201 14.2.1.3
INFLUENCE OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE ON PRECIPITATION 202 14.2.2 EXAMPLES OF
SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES WHERE COUPLING IS NECESSARY 203 14.3
MICROCHEMISTRY MODELS 204 14.3.1 THERMODYNAMIC MODELS 204 14.3.2 MODELS
AT THE ATOMIC SCALE 205 14.3.3 CLASSICAL ANALYTICAL MODELS 205 14.3.4
MODEL WITH A MESOSCOPIC SPATIAL RESOLUTION 208 CONTENTS XI 14.4
INTEGRATED MODELLING 208 14.5 CONCLUSION 210 REFERENCES 211 15 ROLLING
OF ALUMINIUM - 1 213 THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING AND FEM SIMULATION
JESUS TALAMANTES-SILVA, JOHN H. BEYNON AND CHRISTOPHE PINNA 15.1
INTRODUCTION 213 15.1.1 THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING: THE NEED FOR A
BETTER UNDERSTANDING 213 15.2 THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING OF ALUMINIUM
ALLOYS 214 15.2.1 HOT ROLLING 214 15.2.2 COLD ROLLING 215 15.2.3
THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING (TMP) 215 15.2.4 PRIMARY CONCEPTS OF HOT
ROLLING 216 15.2.4.1 THE ARC OF CONTACT AND THE ANGLE OF BITE 216
15.2.4.2 REDUCTION, ELONGATION AND SPREAD 217 15.2.4.3 FRICTION AND THE
NEUTRAL ZONE 218 15.2.4.4 RELATIVE SLIP 218 15.2.4.5 PRESSURE AND SHEAR
STRESS DISTRIBUTION 219 15.2.4.6 FORCE, TORQUE, AND POWER 219 15.2.5
CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS AND FLOW STRESS FOR HOT ROLLING 222 15.2.5.1
DETERMINATION OF FLOW CURVES 222 15.2.5.2 THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE
AND STRAIN RATE 223 15.2.5.3 COMMON RELATIONSHIPS FOR FLOW STRESS DURING
ROLLING 224 15.2.5.4 A SIMPLE RELATIONSHIP TO EVALUATE THE STRESS DURING
ROLLING 225 15.3 THE TOOL-STOCK INTERFACE 225 15.3.1 INTRODUCTION 225
15.3.2 FRICTION 226 15.3.2.1 THE INFLUENCE OF FRICTION 226 15.3.2.2
FRICTION THEORIES 226 15.3.2.3 IMPORTANCE OF LUBRICATION 227 15.3.3 HEAT
TRANSFER PHENOMENA 228 15.3.3.1 HEAT GENERATION DURING ROLLING 229
15.3.3.2 HEAT CONDUCTION WITHIN THE STOCK 229 15.3.3.3 HEAT LOST THROUGH
FREE SURFACES DURING ROLLING 230 15.3.3.4 THERMAL RESISTANCE AT THE
INTERFACE 230 15.3.3.5 PROCESS AND MATERIAL PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE
THERMAL INTERFACE 232 15.4 THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING USING THE FINITE
ELEMENT METHOD 232 15.4.1 INTRODUCTION 232 15.4.2 NUMERICAL METHODS IN
CONTINUUM MECHANICS 233 15.4.2.1 THE FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD (FD) 233
15.4.2.2 THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT APPROACH (BE) 234 15.4.2.3 THE FINITE
ELEMENT APPROACH (FE) 234 15.4.3 BASICS OF FINITE ELEMENT THEORY 235 XII
CONTENTS 15.4.3.1 BACKGROUND TO THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD 235 15.4.3.2
BASIC STEPS IN THE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS 235 15.4.3.3 LINEAR FE
ANALYSIS 237 15.4.3.4 NON-LINEAR FE ANALYSIS 237 15.4.3.5 FINITE ELEMENT
FORMULATIONS 238 15.4.3.6 ORIGIN OF NON-LINEARITY 239 15.4.3.7 THE
INTEGRATION SCHEME: IMPLICIT VS EXPLICIT 241 15.4.3.8 FRICTION CONTACT
242 15.4.4 FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION FOR HEAT TRANSFER 243 15.4.5 THE
NEED FOR THERMO-MECHANICAL COUPLING 244 15.4.6 CLOSING REMARKS 244
REFERENCES 245 16 ROLLING OF ALUMINIUM - 2 247 PRACTICAL ASPECTS FOR
FINITE ELEMENT MODEL DEVELOPMENT JESUS TALAMANTES-SILVA AND JOHN H.
BEYNON 16.1 INTRODUCTION 247 16.1.1 THERMO-MECHANICALCOUPLING 247 16.2
SELECTING AN APPROPRIATE FINITE ELEMENT CODE 248 16.2.1 CODES AVAILABLE
FOR THIS STUDY 248 16.3 THE FINITE ELEMENT CODE 248 16.4 MODELLING
APPROACH TO HOT ROLLING 249 16.4.1 MODELLING A MULTI-PASS ROLLING MILL:
AN INDUSTRIAL EXAMPLE 249 16.4.2 MODELLING A MULTI-PASS RESEARCH MILL:
EXPERIMENTAL TRIALS 260 16.4.3 MODELLING BREAKDOWN AND FINISHING
ROLLING: INDUSTRIAL CASE 268 16.5 CLOSING REMARKS 274 17 FORMING
SIMULATION 275 NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND MATERIAL MODELS OF ALUMINIUM
SHEET FORMING DOREL BANABIC AND A. ERMAN TEKKAYA ABSTRACT 275 17.1
INTRODUCTION 275 17.2 HISTORY OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION METHODS 276 17.3
INDUSTRIAL REQUIREMENTS TO SIMULATION OF SHEET METAL FORMING 278 17.4
VARIOUS APPROACHES OF APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS 280 17.4.I ELEMENT TYPES 280
17.4.2 QUASI-STATIC IMPLICIT APPROACH 281 17.4.3 DYNAMIC EXPLICIT
APPROACH 281 17.4.4 INVERSE APPROACH (ONE-STEP-METHODS) 283 17.5 CURRENT
STATE 283 17.6 MATERIAL MODELS 286 17.6.1 BBC YIELD CRITERIA 288 17.6.2
YLD2000-2D YIELD CRITERION 289 17.6.3 CAZACU-BARLAT YIELD CRITERION
(CB2001) 290 CONTENTS XIII 17.6.4 VALIDATION OF THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL
YIELD CRITERIA OR TWO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 290 17.7 PREDICTION OF FORMING
LIMIT 292 17.7.1 SWIFT MODEL 293 17.7.2 HILL MODEL 293 17.7.3
MARCINIAK-KUCZYNSKI MODEL 294 17.7.4 LINEAR PERTURBATION THEORY 296
17.7.5 EMPIRICAL MODELS FOR THE FLC CALCULATION 296 17.8 EXPECTED FUTURE
DEVELOPMENTS 297 17.9 CONCLUSIONS 298 REFERENCES 299 PART III MODEL
APPLICATION AND SIMULATION EXERCISES THE VIRFABTPM TRIALS 303 18 18.1
18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.3 .1 .2 .3 THE VI R[*] PROJECTS 305 A EUROPEAN
EAA R&D INITIATIVE 2000-2004 MENNO R. VAN DER WINDEN, GERD- ULRICH
GRTIN, TROND FURU AND KOLSTEIN ASBOELL INTRODUCTION 305 THE VIR[*]
PROJECTS 305 VIR[CAST] 306 VIR[FAB] 308 VIR[FORM] 309 CONCLUSIONS 310
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 310 REFERENCES 311 19 CHALLENGES FOR THROUGH PROCESS
MODELLING 315 PROPERTY SIMULATION REQUIREMENTS FOR CONVENTIONAL
ALUMINIUM ALLOYS AND PRODUCTS KAI F. KARHAUSEN AND JUERGEN HIRSCH 19.1
CHALLENGES FOR INTEGRATED PROCESS AND MICROSTRUCTURE SIMULATION 315 19.2
MODELLING OF RESULTING PROPERTIES 318 20 THROUGH PROCESS SIMULATION OF
EN AW-5182 SHEET PRODUCTION 323 INTEGRATED SIMULATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE
AND RESULTING PROPERTIES KAI F. KARHAUSEN, MISCHA CRUMHACH, LUC NEUMANN,
JUERGEN HIRSCH, MATTHIAS GOERDELER, GUNTER GOTTSTEIN AND REINER KOPP
ABSTRACT 323 20.1 INTRODUCTION 323 20.2 BACKGROUND AND COUPLING OF
SUB-MODELS FOR THROUGH PROCESS MODELLING (TPM) 324 XIV CONTENTS 20.2.1
THERMAL/MECHANICAL MODELS (LARSTRAN/SHAPE, ROSEROLL AND ROSETEM) 324
20.2.2 MODELS FOR WORK HARDENING AND DYNAMIC SOFTENING (3IVM AND 4IVM)
326 20.2.3 TRACING OF STATE VARIABLES (STRUCSIM) 327 20.2.4 FULL
CONSTRAINTS TAYLOR TEXTURE MODEL 327 20.2.5 GRAIN INTERACTION TEXTURE
MODEL (GIA) 328 20.2.6 STATIC RECRYSTALLISATION TEXTURE MODEL (START)
WITH NUCLEATION TEXTURE MODEL (RENUC) 329 20.3 VERTICAL MACRO-MICRO
MODEL INTEGRATION 329 20.4 INTEGRATED THERMO-MECHANICAL SIMULATION OF
SHEET FABRICATION PROESSES 330 20.5 SIMULATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE,
TEXTURE AND RESULTING PROPERTIES 334 20.6 CONCLUSIONS 340
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 341 REFERENCES 341 21 THROUGH PROCESS SIMULATION OF EN
AW-3103 SHEET PRODUCTION 343 MODELLING THE EVOLUTION OF MICROSTRUCTURE,
TEXTURE, MICROCHEMISTRY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES KNUT MARTHINSEN,
SHARIAR ABTAHI, BJORN HOLMEDAL, ERIK NES, ARVE JOHANSEN, TROND FURU,
OLAF ENGLER, ZACHARIASJ. LOK, ALEXIS MIROUX AND JESUS TALAMANTES-SILVA
ABSTRACT 343 21.1 INTRODUCTION 343 21.2 PRESENTATION OF SUB-MODELS 345
21.2.1 SOLIDIFICATION AND HOMOGENIZATION 345 21.2.2 DEFORMATION
SUB-STRUCTURE AND WORK HARDENING 345 21.2.3 RECOVERY AND
RECRYSTALLIZATION 346 21.2.4 MICROCHEMISTRY 346 21.2.5 DEFORMATION AND
RECRYSTALLIZATION TEXTURES 347 21.2.6 FEM AND COUPLING OF SUB-MODELS 348
21.3 THROUGH PROCESS MODELLING 348 21.3.1 CASTING, HOMOGENIZATION AND
PREHEATING 349 21.3.2 MULTI-PASS HOT ROLLING 349 21.3.3 COIL COOLING AND
COLD ROLLING 354 21.3.4 FINAL ANNEALING 356 21.3.5 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
358 21.3.6 FORMING AND FORMABILITY 359 21.4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
359 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 361 REFERENCES 36 1 CONTENTS XV 22 THROUGH PROCESS
SIMULATION OF EXTRUSION 363 MODELLING THE EVOLUTION OF MICROSTRUCTURE
AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES THROUGH THE PROCESS CHAIN TROND FURU, ANNE
LISE DONS, TORODD BERSTAD, BJORN HOLMEDAL AND KNUT MARTHINSEN ABSTRACT
363 22.1 INTRODUCTION 363 22.2 MODELLING APPROACH 364 22.3 THROUGH
PROCESS MODELLING (TPM), APPLICATION AND DISCUSSION 365 22.3.1 AS CAST
MICROSTRUCTURE 366 22.3.2 AS HOMOGENISED MICROSTRUCTURE 367 22.3.3 FLOW
STRESS AND SUBSTRUCTURE DURING AND AFTER EXTRUSION 369 22.3.4
DEFORMATION TEXTURE AFTER EXTRUSION 371 22.3.5 RECRYSTALLIZATION GRAIN
STRUCTURE AFTER EXTRUSION 371 22.3.6 FORMING OF THE EXTRUDED PROFILES
373 22.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 375 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 375 REFERENCES 376
SUBJECT INDEX 377
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| adam_txt |
VIRTUAL FABRICATION OF ALUMINUM PRODUCTS MICROSTRUCTURAL MODELING IN
INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM PRODUCTION EDITED BY JUERGEN HIRSCH WILEY- VCH
WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA CONTENTS PREFACE XVII LIST OF
CONTRIBUTORS XIX INTRODUCTION 1 JUERGEN HIRSCH (EDITOR) PART I MAIN AL
ALLOYS & PRODUCTS 5 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING AND TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 1 DC
CASTING 7 MICROSTRUCTURE AND GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS WOLFGANG SCHNEIDER
AND GERD- ULRICH GRUEN 1.1 INTRODUCTION 7 1.2 OVERVIEW ON MICROSTRUCTURE
RELATED SPECIFICATIONS OF AS-CAST MATERIAL 7 1.3 STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS
IN D.C. CASTING OF ALUMINIUM AND ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 8 1.4 SUMMARY 12
REFERENCES 12 2 AL 99,5 FOR PACKAGING AND FOIL APPLICATIONS 13 EN-AW
1XXX PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR FOIL PRODUCTS & RELATIONSHIP TO
MICROSTRUCTURE, ALLOY COMPOSITION AND PROCESSING RICHARD HAMERTON 2.1
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 13 2.2 MATERIAL QUALITY REQUIREMENTS 15 2.3
ALUMINIUM ALLOY CLASS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS 1 5 2.4 MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES AT FINAL GAUGE 15 2.5 TYPICAL PROCESS ROUTE FOR DC CAST EN-AW
1200 FOIL PRODUCTS 16 2.6 RELATIONSHIP OF PERFORMANCE TO MICROSTRUCTURE
AND PROCESSING 16 2.6.1 MICROSTRUCTURAL FEATURES CONTROLLING PRODUCT
PERFORMANCE 16 VIRTUAL FABRICATION OF ALUMINUM PRODUCTS. MICROSTRUCTURAL
MODELING IN INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM PRODUCTION. EDITED BY JURGEN HIRSCH
COPYRIGHT 2006 WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA, WEINHEIM ISBN:
3-527-31363-X VI 2.6.2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.4 3.5 4
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.5.5 4.6 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
EFFECT OF COMPOSITION AND PROCESSING ON MICROSTRUCTURE OF EN-AW 1200 18
REFERENCES 18 AL-MN BRAZING SHEET FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS 19 EN AW-3XXX
PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE, AND PROPERTIES HANS-ERIK EKSTROEM PRODUCT
DESCRIPTION 1 9 ALUMINIUM ALLOY CLASS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS 20
MATERIAL QUALITY REQUIREMENTS 20 BRAZEABILITY 21 MECHANICAL STRENGTH 22
FORMABILITY 22 CORROSION RESISTANCE 22 PRODUCTION ROUTE AND PROCESS
DETAILS 23 CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE ON MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION AND
PROPERTIES 24 REFERENCES 26 AIMN1 MGL FOR BEVERAGE CANS 27 EN-AW 3104
PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE, SIMULATION AND PROPERTY CONTROL JUERGEN
HIRSCH PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 27 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS 28 ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
USED AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS 28 QUALITY PARAMETERS 29 PRODUCTION ROUTE
AND PROCESS DETAILS 31 DC-INGOT CASTING 32 HOMOGENIZATION 32 HOT ROLLING
33 COLD ROLLING 34 ANNEALING/PAINT BAKING 34 SIMULATION OF
MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION AND PROPERTIES 35 REFERENCES 36 AL-MG SHEET FOR
AUTOMOTIVE AND ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS 37 EN-AW 5XXX PROCESSING,
MICROSTRUCTURE, SIMULATION AND PROPERTY CONTROL TIM J. HURD AND MENNO R.
VAN DER WINDEN PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 37 MATERIAL QUALITY REQUIREMENT 37
ALUMINIUM ALLOY CLASS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS 39 QUALITY PARAMETERS
AND TYPICAL CUSTOMER SPECIFICATIONS FOR EN-AW 5005 40 CONTENTS VII 5.4.1
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 40 5.4.2 GRAIN STRUCTURE 41 5.4.3 EARING/TEXTURE
41 5.4.4 ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES 42 5.4.5 CORROSION PROPERTIES
42 5.4.6 JOINING PROPERTIES 42 5.5 PRODUCTION ROUTE AND PROCESS DETAILS
43 5.5.1 DC-INGOT CASTING 44 5.5.2 PREHEATING/HOMOGENISATION 44 5.5.3
HOT ROLLING 44 5.5.4 COLD ROLLING 44 5.5.5 ANNEALING AND INTERANNEALING
45 5.5.6 FURTHER PROCESSING 4 5 5.6 MICROSTRUCTURE /PROPERTIES
RELATIONSHIPS 45 5.7 SIMULATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION AND
PROPERTIES 48 5.8 SUMMARY 48 REFERENCES 49 6 AL-MG-SI SHEET ALLOYS FOR
AUTOBODY APPLICATIONS 51 EN AW-6XXX PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE AND
PROPERTY CONTROL EIKE BRUENGER, OLAF ENGLER AND JUERGEN HIRSCH 6.1 PRODUCT
DESCRIPTION 51 6.2 ALUMINIUM ALLOY CLASS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS 53
6.3 MATERIAL QUALITY REQUIREMENTS 54 6.3.1 STAMPING AND HEMMING
PERFORMANCE 54 6.4 SURFACE APPEARANCE AFTER FORMING 56 6.5 STRENGTH
AFTER BAKE HARDENING 57 6.6 PRODUCTION ROUTE AND PROCESS DETAILS 58
REFERENCES 61 7 EXTRUSIONS FROM HEAT TREATABLE ALLOYS 65 EN AW-6063, EN
AW-6082 AND EN AW-7108 - PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE, SIMULATION AND
PROPERTY CONTROL TANJA PETTERSEN AND TROND FURU 7.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
AND APPLICATIONS 65 7.2 MATERIAL (QUALITY) REQUIREMENTS AND TYPICAL
CUSTOMER SPECIFICATIONS 67 7.3 ALUMINIUM ALLOY CLASS AND CHEMICAL
COMPOSITIONS 67 7.4 PRODUCTION ROUTE AND PROCESS DETAILS 68 7.5
MICROSTRUCTURE EFFECTS AND PROPERTIES 69 7.5.1 EN-AW6063 69 7.5.1.1
THERMO-MECHANICAL PROCESSING 70 7.5.1.2 THE AS-DEFORMED MATERIAL 72
7.5.1.3 RECRYSTALLIZED MATERIAL 73 7.5.2 EN-AW 6082 75 VIII CONTENTS
7.5.2.1 7.5.3 7.6 PART II 8 8.1 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.3 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.1.1
8.4.1.2 8.5 8.6 8.6.1 8.6.2 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 9 9.1 9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2
9.2.3 9.2.4 9.3 9.3.1 THE AS-DEFORMED MATERIAL 75 EN-AW 7108 78
MODELLING FLOW STRESS, RECRYSTALLIZATION, MICROSTRUCTURES AND TEXTURES
79 REFERENCES 81 MATERIAL MODELS 83 INTEGRATED PROCESS SIMULATIONS
PHYSICAL METALLURGY 85 FUNDAMENTALS OF THROUGH-PROCESS MODELLING GUENTER
GOTTSTEIN THE PROBLEM 85 HOMOGENIZATION 8 6 THERMODYNAMICS 86 DIFFUSION
88 ROUGHING OR BREAK-DOWN ROLLING 91 HOT ROLLING 92 CRYSTAL PLASTICITY
92 DISLOCATIONS 92 HARDENING MECHANISMS 93 RECOVERY 96 RECRYSTALLIZATION
97 INTRODUCTION 97 INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES AND PARTICLES 100 GRAIN GROWTH
103 TEXTURE 106 COLD ROLLING 108 BACK ANNEALING 109 SUMMARY 109
REFERENCES 110 SOLIDIFICATION MICROSTRUCTURES IN ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 111
REVIEW OF MODELLING APPROACHES ALAIN JACOT INTRODUCTION 111 MODELLING OF
GRAIN STRUCTURES ON THE PROCESS SCALE 112 THE DETERMINISTIC APPROACH 112
THE STOCHASTIC APPROACH 113 MODELLING THE GRAIN STRUCTURE IN DC CASTING
OF ALUMINIUM 115 THE VIRCAST MODEL 11 5 MODELLING OF INTERNAL GRAIN
STRUCTURES 116 THE PRIMARY PHASE FORMATION 117 CONTENTS IX 9.3.2 THE
PHASE FIELD METHOD 118 9.3.3 LEVEL SET AND PSEUDO-FRONT TRACKING METHODS
9.3.4 THE VIRCAST PRIMARY PHASE MODEL 120 9.3.5 THE FORMATION OF
INTERDENDRITIC PHASES 121 9.3.6 THE VIRCAST SECONDARY PHASE MODEL 122
9.4 CONCLUSION 125 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 125 REFERENCES 126 120 10 WORK
HARDENING OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 129 A REVIEW OF SELECTED WORK HARDENING
MODELS BJORN HOLMEDAL, ERIK NES AND KNUT MARTHINSEN ABSTRACT 129 10.1
INTRODUCTION 129 10.2 REVIEW OF MODELS 131 10.2.1 THE MTS-MODEL 131
10.2.2 THE MMP-MODEL 133 10.2.3 THE 3IV-MODEL 136 10.2.4 OTHER MODELS
138 10.3 DISCUSSION AND APPLICATION 139 10.3.1 THE FLOW STRESS MODELS
140 10.3.2 ATHERMAL STORAGE OF DISLOCATIONS 141 10.3.3 DYNAMIC RECOVERY
141 10.3.4 THE DIFFERENT STAGES OF WORK HARDENING 143 10.3.5 MODELLING
WORK HARDENING AND HOT DEFORMATION BEHAVIOUR OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 147
10.4 SUMMARY 253 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 153 REFERENCES 154 11 RECOVERY,
RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH 157 REVIEW OF SOFTENING MODELS GUNTER
GOTTSTEIN 11.1 INTRODUCTION 157 11.2 PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS 158 11.3
GEOMETRICAL MICROSTRUCTURE MODELS 159 11.4 VERTEX MODELS 161 11.5
DISCRETE MODELS 163 11.6 RECOVERY 167 11.6.1 DISLOCATION REARRANGEMENT
167 11.6.2 SUBGRAIN COARSENING 168 11.7 TEXTURE MODELS 169 11.8 SUMMARY
173 REFERENCES 173 X CONTENTS 12 SIMULATION OF DEFORMATION TEXTURES 177
A REVIEW OF LATEST GRAIN-INTERACTION MODELS PAUL VAN HOUTTE, SAIYI LI
AND OLAFENGLER ABSTRACT 177 12.1 INTRODUCTION 177 12.1 DESCRIPTION OF
MODELS 178 12.3 MODEL VALIDATION 183 12.4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 185
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 187 REFERENCES 188 13 SIMULATION OF SHEET ANISOTROPY 189
POLYCRYSTAL-PLASTICITY SIMULATION OF EARING PROFILES FROM TEXTURE DATA
OLAF ENGLER, JUERGEN HIRSCH AND STEFAN KALZ ABSTRACT 189 13.1
INTRODUCTION 189 13.2 POLYCRYSTAL-PLASTICITY MODELLING OF EARING
PROFILES 191 13.3 APPLICATION OF THE EARING MODEL AND ASSESSMENT OF THE
PREDICTIONS 193 13.3.1 VIR[FORM] SHEET ALLOYS 193 13.3.2 EN-AW 3104 CAN
BODY STOCK 194 13.3.3 PSN TEXTURE WITH 25/70 EARING PROFILES 195 13.4
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 196 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 197 REFERENCES 198 14
MODELLING MICROCHEMISTRY 199 SIMULATION OF ALLOY EFFECTS IN ALUMINIUM
ALEXIS MIROUX, RIAS (Z.J.) LOK, ERICA ANSELMINO AND SYBRAND VAN DER
ZWAAG 14.1 INTRODUCTION 199 14.2 MICROCHEMISTRY INTERACTION WITH
MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 200 14.2.1 INTERACTION
MECHANISMS AND IMPORTANT PARAMETERS TO EXCHANGE 200 14.2.1.1 SOLUTES AND
PRECIPITATES INFLUENCE ON WORK-HARDENING 200 14.2.1.2 SOLUTES AND
PRECIPITATES INFLUENCE ON RECOVERY AND RECRYSTALLISATION 201 14.2.1.3
INFLUENCE OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE ON PRECIPITATION 202 14.2.2 EXAMPLES OF
SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES WHERE COUPLING IS NECESSARY 203 14.3
MICROCHEMISTRY MODELS 204 14.3.1 THERMODYNAMIC MODELS 204 14.3.2 MODELS
AT THE ATOMIC SCALE 205 14.3.3 CLASSICAL ANALYTICAL MODELS 205 14.3.4
MODEL WITH A MESOSCOPIC SPATIAL RESOLUTION 208 CONTENTS \ XI 14.4
INTEGRATED MODELLING 208 14.5 CONCLUSION 210 REFERENCES 211 15 ROLLING
OF ALUMINIUM - 1 213 THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING AND FEM SIMULATION
JESUS TALAMANTES-SILVA, JOHN H. BEYNON AND CHRISTOPHE PINNA 15.1
INTRODUCTION 213 15.1.1 THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING: THE NEED FOR A
BETTER UNDERSTANDING 213 15.2 THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING OF ALUMINIUM
ALLOYS 214 15.2.1 HOT ROLLING 214 15.2.2 COLD ROLLING 215 15.2.3
THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING (TMP) 215 15.2.4 PRIMARY CONCEPTS OF HOT
ROLLING 216 15.2.4.1 THE ARC OF CONTACT AND THE ANGLE OF BITE 216
15.2.4.2 REDUCTION, ELONGATION AND SPREAD 217 15.2.4.3 FRICTION AND THE
NEUTRAL ZONE 218 15.2.4.4 RELATIVE SLIP 218 15.2.4.5 PRESSURE AND SHEAR
STRESS DISTRIBUTION 219 15.2.4.6 FORCE, TORQUE, AND POWER 219 15.2.5
CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS AND FLOW STRESS FOR HOT ROLLING 222 15.2.5.1
DETERMINATION OF FLOW CURVES 222 15.2.5.2 THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE
AND STRAIN RATE 223 15.2.5.3 COMMON RELATIONSHIPS FOR FLOW STRESS DURING
ROLLING 224 15.2.5.4 A SIMPLE RELATIONSHIP TO EVALUATE THE STRESS DURING
ROLLING 225 15.3 THE TOOL-STOCK INTERFACE 225 15.3.1 INTRODUCTION 225
15.3.2 FRICTION 226 15.3.2.1 THE INFLUENCE OF FRICTION 226 15.3.2.2
FRICTION THEORIES 226 15.3.2.3 IMPORTANCE OF LUBRICATION 227 15.3.3 HEAT
TRANSFER PHENOMENA 228 15.3.3.1 HEAT GENERATION DURING ROLLING 229
15.3.3.2 HEAT CONDUCTION WITHIN THE STOCK 229 15.3.3.3 HEAT LOST THROUGH
FREE SURFACES DURING ROLLING 230 15.3.3.4 THERMAL RESISTANCE AT THE
INTERFACE 230 15.3.3.5 PROCESS AND MATERIAL PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE
THERMAL INTERFACE 232 15.4 THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING USING THE FINITE
ELEMENT METHOD 232 15.4.1 INTRODUCTION 232 15.4.2 NUMERICAL METHODS IN
CONTINUUM MECHANICS 233 15.4.2.1 THE FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD (FD) 233
15.4.2.2 THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT APPROACH (BE) 234 15.4.2.3 THE FINITE
ELEMENT APPROACH (FE) 234 15.4.3 BASICS OF FINITE ELEMENT THEORY 235 XII
CONTENTS 15.4.3.1 BACKGROUND TO THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD 235 15.4.3.2
BASIC STEPS IN THE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS 235 15.4.3.3 LINEAR FE
ANALYSIS 237 15.4.3.4 NON-LINEAR FE ANALYSIS 237 15.4.3.5 FINITE ELEMENT
FORMULATIONS 238 15.4.3.6 ORIGIN OF NON-LINEARITY 239 15.4.3.7 THE
INTEGRATION SCHEME: IMPLICIT VS EXPLICIT 241 15.4.3.8 FRICTION CONTACT
242 15.4.4 FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION FOR HEAT TRANSFER 243 15.4.5 THE
NEED FOR THERMO-MECHANICAL COUPLING 244 15.4.6 CLOSING REMARKS 244
REFERENCES 245 16 ROLLING OF ALUMINIUM - 2 247 PRACTICAL ASPECTS FOR
FINITE ELEMENT MODEL DEVELOPMENT JESUS TALAMANTES-SILVA AND JOHN H.
BEYNON 16.1 INTRODUCTION 247 16.1.1 THERMO-MECHANICALCOUPLING 247 16.2
SELECTING AN APPROPRIATE FINITE ELEMENT CODE 248 16.2.1 CODES AVAILABLE
FOR THIS STUDY 248 16.3 THE FINITE ELEMENT CODE 248 16.4 MODELLING
APPROACH TO HOT ROLLING 249 16.4.1 MODELLING A MULTI-PASS ROLLING MILL:
AN INDUSTRIAL EXAMPLE 249 16.4.2 MODELLING A MULTI-PASS RESEARCH MILL:
EXPERIMENTAL TRIALS 260 16.4.3 MODELLING BREAKDOWN AND FINISHING
ROLLING: INDUSTRIAL CASE 268 16.5 CLOSING REMARKS 274 17 FORMING
SIMULATION 275 NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND MATERIAL MODELS OF ALUMINIUM
SHEET FORMING DOREL BANABIC AND A. ERMAN TEKKAYA ABSTRACT 275 17.1
INTRODUCTION 275 17.2 HISTORY OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION METHODS 276 17.3
INDUSTRIAL REQUIREMENTS TO SIMULATION OF SHEET METAL FORMING 278 17.4
VARIOUS APPROACHES OF APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS 280 17.4.I ELEMENT TYPES 280
17.4.2 QUASI-STATIC IMPLICIT APPROACH 281 17.4.3 DYNAMIC EXPLICIT
APPROACH 281 17.4.4 INVERSE APPROACH (ONE-STEP-METHODS) 283 17.5 CURRENT
STATE 283 17.6 MATERIAL MODELS 286 17.6.1 BBC YIELD CRITERIA 288 17.6.2
YLD2000-2D YIELD CRITERION 289 17.6.3 CAZACU-BARLAT YIELD CRITERION
(CB2001) 290 CONTENTS XIII 17.6.4 VALIDATION OF THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL
YIELD CRITERIA OR TWO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 290 17.7 PREDICTION OF FORMING
LIMIT 292 17.7.1 SWIFT MODEL 293 17.7.2 HILL MODEL 293 17.7.3
MARCINIAK-KUCZYNSKI MODEL 294 17.7.4 LINEAR PERTURBATION THEORY 296
17.7.5 EMPIRICAL MODELS FOR THE FLC CALCULATION 296 17.8 EXPECTED FUTURE
DEVELOPMENTS 297 17.9 CONCLUSIONS 298 REFERENCES 299 PART III MODEL
APPLICATION AND SIMULATION EXERCISES THE "VIRFABTPM TRIALS" 303 18 18.1
18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.3 .1 .2 .3 THE VI R[*] PROJECTS 305 A EUROPEAN
EAA R&D INITIATIVE 2000-2004 MENNO R. VAN DER WINDEN, GERD- ULRICH
GRTIN, TROND FURU AND KOLSTEIN ASBOELL INTRODUCTION 305 THE VIR[*]
PROJECTS 305 VIR[CAST] 306 VIR[FAB] 308 VIR[FORM] 309 CONCLUSIONS 310
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 310 REFERENCES 311 19 CHALLENGES FOR THROUGH PROCESS
MODELLING 315 PROPERTY SIMULATION REQUIREMENTS FOR CONVENTIONAL
ALUMINIUM ALLOYS AND PRODUCTS KAI F. KARHAUSEN AND JUERGEN HIRSCH 19.1
CHALLENGES FOR INTEGRATED PROCESS AND MICROSTRUCTURE SIMULATION 315 19.2
MODELLING OF RESULTING PROPERTIES 318 20 THROUGH PROCESS SIMULATION OF
EN AW-5182 SHEET PRODUCTION 323 INTEGRATED SIMULATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE
AND RESULTING PROPERTIES KAI F. KARHAUSEN, MISCHA CRUMHACH, LUC NEUMANN,
JUERGEN HIRSCH, MATTHIAS GOERDELER, GUNTER GOTTSTEIN AND REINER KOPP
ABSTRACT 323 20.1 INTRODUCTION 323 20.2 BACKGROUND AND COUPLING OF
SUB-MODELS FOR THROUGH PROCESS MODELLING (TPM) 324 XIV CONTENTS 20.2.1
THERMAL/MECHANICAL MODELS (LARSTRAN/SHAPE, ROSEROLL AND ROSETEM) 324
20.2.2 MODELS FOR WORK HARDENING AND DYNAMIC SOFTENING (3IVM AND 4IVM)
326 20.2.3 TRACING OF STATE VARIABLES (STRUCSIM) 327 20.2.4 FULL
CONSTRAINTS TAYLOR TEXTURE MODEL 327 20.2.5 GRAIN INTERACTION TEXTURE
MODEL (GIA) 328 20.2.6 STATIC RECRYSTALLISATION TEXTURE MODEL (START)
WITH NUCLEATION TEXTURE MODEL (RENUC) 329 20.3 VERTICAL MACRO-MICRO
MODEL INTEGRATION 329 20.4 INTEGRATED THERMO-MECHANICAL SIMULATION OF
SHEET FABRICATION PROESSES 330 20.5 SIMULATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE,
TEXTURE AND RESULTING PROPERTIES 334 20.6 CONCLUSIONS 340
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 341 REFERENCES 341 21 THROUGH PROCESS SIMULATION OF EN
AW-3103 SHEET PRODUCTION 343 MODELLING THE EVOLUTION OF MICROSTRUCTURE,
TEXTURE, MICROCHEMISTRY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES KNUT MARTHINSEN,
SHARIAR ABTAHI, BJORN HOLMEDAL, ERIK NES, ARVE JOHANSEN, TROND FURU,
OLAF ENGLER, ZACHARIASJ. LOK, ALEXIS MIROUX AND JESUS TALAMANTES-SILVA
ABSTRACT 343 21.1 INTRODUCTION 343 21.2 PRESENTATION OF SUB-MODELS 345
21.2.1 SOLIDIFICATION AND HOMOGENIZATION 345 21.2.2 DEFORMATION
SUB-STRUCTURE AND WORK HARDENING 345 21.2.3 RECOVERY AND
RECRYSTALLIZATION 346 21.2.4 MICROCHEMISTRY 346 21.2.5 DEFORMATION AND
RECRYSTALLIZATION TEXTURES 347 21.2.6 FEM AND COUPLING OF SUB-MODELS 348
21.3 THROUGH PROCESS MODELLING 348 21.3.1 CASTING, HOMOGENIZATION AND
PREHEATING 349 21.3.2 MULTI-PASS HOT ROLLING 349 21.3.3 COIL COOLING AND
COLD ROLLING 354 21.3.4 FINAL ANNEALING 356 21.3.5 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
358 21.3.6 FORMING AND FORMABILITY 359 21.4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
359 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 361 REFERENCES 36 1 CONTENTS XV 22 THROUGH PROCESS
SIMULATION OF EXTRUSION 363 MODELLING THE EVOLUTION OF MICROSTRUCTURE
AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES THROUGH THE PROCESS CHAIN TROND FURU, ANNE
LISE DONS, TORODD BERSTAD, BJORN HOLMEDAL AND KNUT MARTHINSEN ABSTRACT
363 22.1 INTRODUCTION 363 22.2 MODELLING APPROACH 364 22.3 THROUGH
PROCESS MODELLING (TPM), APPLICATION AND DISCUSSION 365 22.3.1 AS CAST
MICROSTRUCTURE 366 22.3.2 AS HOMOGENISED MICROSTRUCTURE 367 22.3.3 FLOW
STRESS AND SUBSTRUCTURE DURING AND AFTER EXTRUSION 369 22.3.4
DEFORMATION TEXTURE AFTER EXTRUSION 371 22.3.5 RECRYSTALLIZATION GRAIN
STRUCTURE AFTER EXTRUSION 371 22.3.6 FORMING OF THE EXTRUDED PROFILES
373 22.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 375 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 375 REFERENCES 376
SUBJECT INDEX 377 |
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| id | DE-604.BV022236032 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:34:11Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:53:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783527313631 352731363X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015447042 |
| oclc_num | 180891337 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29T DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-703 DE-83 DE-92 |
| owner_facet | DE-29T DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-703 DE-83 DE-92 |
| physical | XXIV, 381 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH-Verl. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Virtual fabrication of aluminum products microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production ed. by Jürgen Hirsch Weinheim Wiley-VCH-Verl. 2006 XXIV, 381 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Aluminum alloys Aluminum, Structural Fertigung (DE-588)4016899-2 gnd rswk-swf Aluminiumlegierung (DE-588)4001586-5 gnd rswk-swf Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 gnd rswk-swf Simulation (DE-588)4055072-2 gnd rswk-swf Mikrostruktur (DE-588)4131028-7 gnd rswk-swf Knetlegierung (DE-588)4133898-4 gnd rswk-swf Aluminiumlegierung (DE-588)4001586-5 s Knetlegierung (DE-588)4133898-4 s Fertigung (DE-588)4016899-2 s Mikrostruktur (DE-588)4131028-7 s Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 s Simulation (DE-588)4055072-2 s DE-604 Hirsch, Jürgen Sonstige oth text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2713067&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015447042&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Virtual fabrication of aluminum products microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production Aluminum alloys Aluminum, Structural Fertigung (DE-588)4016899-2 gnd Aluminiumlegierung (DE-588)4001586-5 gnd Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 gnd Simulation (DE-588)4055072-2 gnd Mikrostruktur (DE-588)4131028-7 gnd Knetlegierung (DE-588)4133898-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4016899-2 (DE-588)4001586-5 (DE-588)4192147-1 (DE-588)4055072-2 (DE-588)4131028-7 (DE-588)4133898-4 |
| title | Virtual fabrication of aluminum products microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production |
| title_auth | Virtual fabrication of aluminum products microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production |
| title_exact_search | Virtual fabrication of aluminum products microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Virtual fabrication of aluminum products microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production |
| title_full | Virtual fabrication of aluminum products microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production ed. by Jürgen Hirsch |
| title_fullStr | Virtual fabrication of aluminum products microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production ed. by Jürgen Hirsch |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virtual fabrication of aluminum products microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production ed. by Jürgen Hirsch |
| title_short | Virtual fabrication of aluminum products |
| title_sort | virtual fabrication of aluminum products microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production |
| title_sub | microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production |
| topic | Aluminum alloys Aluminum, Structural Fertigung (DE-588)4016899-2 gnd Aluminiumlegierung (DE-588)4001586-5 gnd Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 gnd Simulation (DE-588)4055072-2 gnd Mikrostruktur (DE-588)4131028-7 gnd Knetlegierung (DE-588)4133898-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Aluminum alloys Aluminum, Structural Fertigung Aluminiumlegierung Stoffeigenschaft Simulation Mikrostruktur Knetlegierung |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2713067&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015447042&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hirschjurgen virtualfabricationofaluminumproductsmicrostructuralmodelinginindustrialaluminumproduction |