The state immunity controversy in international law: private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York
Springer
2005
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 517 - 526 |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 541 S. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783540256953 3540256954 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Bankas, Ernest K. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The state immunity controversy in international law |b private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts |c Ernest K. Bankas |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York |b Springer |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 541 S. |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 517 - 526 | ||
| 502 | |a Teilw. zugl.: Durham, Univ., Diss.,1999 u.d.T.: International law : state immunity and the controversy of private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Immunités des États étrangers | |
| 650 | 4 | |a État - Responsabilité (Droit international) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Immunities of foreign states | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Government liability (International law) | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Staatenimmunität |0 (DE-588)4230755-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |a Hochschulschrift |2 gnd-content | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136201522774016 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
1 THE ORIGINS OF ABSOLUTE IMMUNITY OF STATES 1
1.1 SOURCE ANALYSIS 1
1.2 JEAN BODIN S PHILOSOPHY ON SOVEREIGNTY 2
1.3 THOMAS HOBBES 4
1.4 THE INFLUENCE OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF THOMAS HOBBES 5
1.5 CLAIMS AND COUNTERCLAIMS 9
1.6 FINAL REMARKS 11
2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY 13
2.1 FRANCE BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS AND ITS AFTEREFFECTS 13
2.2 JUSTICE MARSHALL AND HIS GROUND BREAKING RULE 14
2.3 ANALYSIS OF CHIEF JUSTICE MARSHALL S THESIS 15
2.4 THE INFLUENCE OF JUSTICE MARSHALL S DECISION 21
2.5 THE INFLUENCE OF JUSTICE MARSHALL S JUDGMENT ON ENGLISH COURTS 22
2.5.1 ENGLISH COURTS AND THE SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY QUESTION 22
2.6 CIVIL LAW COUNTRIES AND SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY 25
2.7 RUSSIA AND THE SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY QUESTION 27
2.8 IS SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY AN INTERNATIONAL CUSTOM? 28
2.8.1 A CONTROVERSY 28
3 THE PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF STATES 33
3.1 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 33
3.2 THE RATIONAL FOUNDATION OF STATE IMMUNITY 37
3.3 DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITIES AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY 40
3.4 COMITY OF NATIONS, RECIPROCITY AND PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE 41
3.5 THE EQUALITY OF STATES IN THE SPHERE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 43
3.6 BENEFICIARIES OF STATE IMMUNITIES 46
3.6.1 STATE IMMUNITY- CLAIMS IN ENGLISH COURTS 49
3.6.2 STATE IMMUNITY IN AMERICAN COURTS 58
3.6.3 STATE IMMUNITY AND THE MIXED COURTS OF EGYPT 61
3.6.4 STATE IMMUNITY BEFORE SOUTH AFRICAN COURTS 63
3.6.5 STATE IMMUNITY IN BRITISH COMMONWEALTH STATES 66
4 RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY IN U.S. AND U.K. COURTS 69
4.1 A MOVE TOWARDS ANEW RULE 69
4.2 BACKGROUND 69
4.3 EARLY PRACTICE IN BELGIUM AND ITALIAN COURTS 70
4.4 A MOVE TOWARDS RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY 72
XIV CONTENTS
4.5 RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY AND ITS IMPLICATION 74
4.6 THE CHANGE OF HEART IN AMERICAN PRACTICE 77
4.7 SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY ACT OF 1976: CURRENT U.S. LAW 78
4.8 JURISDICTION OF THE FEDERAL COURTS 79
4.9 ISSUES WITH RESPECT TO COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION 79
4.10 COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY UNDER FSIA 80
4.11 CONTACTS AND DIRECT EFFECT APPROACH 81
4.12 ARBITRATION CLAUSES 82
4.12.1 EXPROPRIATION CLAIMS 83
4.12.2 NON-COMMERCIAL TORTS 84
4.12.3 COUNTERCLAIMS 84
4.12.4 ATTACHMENT AND EXECUTION 85
4.13 THE CHANGE OF HEART IN BRITISH PRACTICE 86
4.13.1 THE STATE IMMUNITY ACT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM (1978) 87
4.13.2 EXCEPTIONS TO IMMUNITY UNDER THE 1978 ACT 88
4.13.3 INDIRECT IMPLEADING 90
4.13.4 WAIVERS OF IMMUNITY AND COUNTERCLAIMS 91
4.13.5 EXECUTION 91
4.13.6 MISCELLANEOUS CONSIDERATIONS 92
4.14 DIFFICULTIES IN APPLYING RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY 94
4.14.1 DIFFICULTIES ASSOCIATED WITH POLITICAL ACTS OF STATE 96
4.14.2 THOUGHTS ON NATIONALIZATION AND RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY 97
5 PRIVATE SUITS AGAINST AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN FOREIGN COURTS 101
5.1 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS 101
5.2 EVIDENCE OF RESISTANCE TO THE RESTRICTIVE RULE 104
5.3 NIGERIA BEFORE ENGLISH COURTS 105
5.3.1 TRENDTEX TRADING CORP V. CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA 105
5.3.2 NIGERIA BEFORE GERMAN COURTS 109
5.3.3 NIGERIA BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS: PART ONE 111
5.3.4 NIGERIA BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS: PART TWO 113
5.4 UGANDA BEFORE ENGLISH COURTS 115
5.5 EGYPT BEFORE INDIAN COURTS 116
5.6 UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 117
5.7 TUNISIA BEFORE UNITED STATES COURTS 118
5.8 ZAIRE BEFORE ENGLISH COURTS 119
5.9 SOMALI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 120
5.10 LIBYA BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 120
5.11 THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO BEFORE CANADIAN COURTS 122
5.12 ARBITRATION, DEFAULT JUDGMENT AND ENFORCEMENT 123
5.12.1 NIGERIA BEFORE SWITZERLAND AND AMERICAN COURTS 123
5.12.2 TANZANIA BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 124
5.12.3 THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 127
5.12.4 IS RESISTANCE BY AFRICAN STATES LEGALLY JUSTIFIED? 128
6 AFRICAN STATES AND THE PRACTICE OF STATE IMMUNITY 133
6.1 IS IT STILL STATE IMMUNITY OR RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY? 133
CONTENTS XV
6.2 PRE-COLONIAL AFRICA AND EARLY AFRICAN DYNASTIES 133
6.2.1 SOME CONCRETE EXAMPLES OF PERSONAL SOVEREIGNS 134
6.3 THE COLONIAL ERA 137
6.4 ENGLISH SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY LAW IN AFRICA STATES 141
6.5 FRENCH SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY LAW IN AFRICAN STATES 148
6.6 AFRICA, SELF-DETERMINATION AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 150
6.7 REFLECTIONS ON STATE PRACTICE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS 153
6.7.1 WHAT DO WE MEAN BY STATE PRACTICE? 154
6.7.2 MUNICIPAL COURTS AND LEGAL ARGUMENTS OF A DEFENDANT STATE 156
6.7.3 SUMMARY OF RULES 159
6.8 CUSTOM AND THE CONCEPT OF PERSISTENT OBJECTOR 160
6.8.1 ARE AFRICAN STATES BOUND BY RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY? 161
6.9 SOME THOUGHTS ON THE PERSISTENT OBJECTOR RULE 165
6.10 THE POSITION OF AFRICAN STATES ON STATE IMMUNITY 168
6.11 PRECEDING OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 171
7 THE ILC REPORT ON JURISDICTIONAL IMMUNITIES OF STATES 175
7.1 COMPOSITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION 175
7.2 SOME PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS 176
7.3 SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS TO IMMUNITY OF STATES 178
7.3.1 COMMERCIAL ELEMENTS AND JURISDICTIONAL COMPETENCE 178
7.4 PRINCIPLES OF STATE IMMUNITY UNDER THE DRAFT ARTICLES 181
7.5 EXECUTION AGAINST A FOREIGN STATE 182
7.6 PERSONAL INJURY OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY 184
7.7 EFFECTS OF DRAFT ARTICLE 2.2 ON RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY 187
7.8 THIRD WORLD INFLUENCE ON THE ILC DELIBERATIONS 189
7.8.1 DISAGREEMENT OVER THE DRAFT ARTICLES 192
7.9 THE UNCERTAINTY OF STATE PRACTICE 202
8 STATE IMMUNITY AND CERTAIN UNRESOLVED PROBLEMS 209
8.1 SOME LINGERING PROBLEMS 209
8.2 THE PROBLEMS OF TERRITORIAL NEXUS OR CONNECTION 210
8.3 PROBLEMS OF THE NATURE AND PURPOSE TESTS 215
8.4 MIXED ACTIVITIES OF STATES INVOLVING PRIVATE TRADERS 224
8.5 THE CONTINUING PROBLEMS OF ARBITRATION 230
8.6 CENTRAL BANKS AND CERTAIN UNSETTLED PROBLEMS 234
8.7 SOME PROBLEMS RELATING TO THE ACT OF STATE DOCTRINE 241
8.7.1 NATIONAL COURTS AND FOREIGN ACTS OF STATE 241
8.8 THE OVERLAP OF ACT OF STATE AND SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY 243
8.9 FINAL REMARKS 249
9 STATE IMMUNITY AND THE VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 251
9.1 PRELIMINARY MATTERS 251
9.2 PRIVATE SUITS AGAINST STATES FOR VIOLATING HUMAN RIGHTS 251
9.3 THE STATE, RECOGNITION AND JURIDICAL EQUALITY 253
9.3.1 IMMUNITIES OF HEADS OF STATES AND SENIOR STATE OFFICIALS 254
9.4 RECENT CASE LAW ON INTERNATIONAL LAW CRIMES 256
XVI CONTENTS
9.4.1 GENERAL PINOCHET BEFORE ENGLISH COURTS 257
9.4.2 EX-PRESIDENT HABRE BEFORE THE COURTS OF SENEGAL AND FRANCE 261
9.4.3 COLONEL QADAFFI BEFORE THE COURTS OF FRANCE 262
9.4.4 A BRIEF STUDY OF JUS COGENS AND THE OBLIGATIONES ERGA OMNES. 265
9.5 UK AND IRELAND BEFORE THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS 268
9.6 STATE IMMUNITY AND WORLD WAR TWO DAMAGE CLAIMS 270
9.6.1 GERMANY BEFORE GREEK COURTS 271
9.7 SOME SALIENT LEGAL ISSUES BEFORE THE ICJ 273
9.7.1 THE LEGALITY OF USE OF FORCE BEFORE THE ICJ 273
9.7.2 CONGO V. THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM 279
9.7.3 THE IMMUNITY OF A FOREIGN MINISTER IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 279
9.8 IMMUNITY, INTERNATIONAL CRIMES AND AMERICAN COURTS 287
9.8.1 USSR BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 288
9.8.2 HUGO PRINCZ V. GERMANY BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 289
9.9 AMENDMENT TO US FSIA OF 1976 293
9.10 FINAL REMARKS 295
10. UN DRAFT CONVENTION ON STATE IMMUNITY 301
10.1 ACCEPTANCE OF THE PROPOSED DRAFT CONVENTION 301
10.2 THE CONCEPT OF THE STATE FOR PURPOSE OF IMMUNITY 302
10.3 STATE ENTERPRISE AND COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS 303
10.4 COMMERCIAL CHARACTER OF A CONTRACT OR TRANSACTION 305
10.5 CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT 307
10.6 MEASURES OF CONSTRAINT AGAINST THE STATE 308
10.7 A PERSPECTIVE SKETCH OF POSSIBLE FUTURE PROBLEMS 312
10.8 CONCLUSION 314
11 THE CURRENT LAW OF STATE IMMUNITY 317
11.1 SOME THOUGHTS ON THE LAW 317
11.2 THE CURRENT STATE OF THE LAW 317
11.3 THE CHANGING SCOPE OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY 319
11.4 A LOOK AT CURRENT STATE PRACTICE 324
11.4.1 SOME EVIDENCE OF STATE PRACTICE 327
11.5 ASIAN-AFRICAN LEGAL CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE S REPORT 339
11.6 FURTHER REFLECTIONS ON THE STATE OF THE LAW 341
11.6.1 SOME SALIENT ISSUES 341
11.7 EMBASSY BANK ACCOUNTS AND FOREIGN RESERVES 344
11.8 EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS AND RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY 347
11.9 THE FUTURE OF THE LAW OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY 356
12 CONCLUSION: 361
12.1 A PROPOSAL FOR RESOLVING THE CONTROVERSY 361
APPENDIX 369
TREATY OF WESTPHALIA 369
THE SCHOONER EXCHANGE DECISION 399
JUDGE WEISS CONCEPT OF RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY (1922) 407
THE TATE LETTER 409
CONTENTS XVII
EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON STATE IMMUNITY 411
US: FOREIGN IMMUNITIES ACT OF 1976 423
UK: IMMUNITY ACT OF 1978 431
THE SINGAPORE STATE IMMUNITY ACT OF 1979 443
THE PAKISTANI STATE IMMUNITY ORDINANCE 1981 449
SOUTH AFRICAN FOREIGN STATE IMMUNITIES ACT 1981 455
THE ILA MONTREAL DRAFT CONVENTION 461
FOREIGN STATES IMMUNITIES ACT NO. 196 OF 1985 467
STATE IMMUNITIES ACT, CHAPTER S-18 485
ILC DRAFT ARTICLES ON JURISDICTIONAL IMMUNITIES 491
UN DRAFT CONVENTION ON STATE IMMUNITY 501
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 517
INDEX 535
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| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
1 THE ORIGINS OF ABSOLUTE IMMUNITY OF STATES 1
1.1 SOURCE ANALYSIS 1
1.2 JEAN BODIN'S PHILOSOPHY ON SOVEREIGNTY 2
1.3 THOMAS HOBBES 4
1.4 THE INFLUENCE OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF THOMAS HOBBES 5
1.5 CLAIMS AND COUNTERCLAIMS 9
1.6 FINAL REMARKS 11
2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY 13
2.1 FRANCE BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS AND ITS AFTEREFFECTS 13
2.2 JUSTICE MARSHALL AND HIS GROUND BREAKING RULE 14
2.3 ANALYSIS OF CHIEF JUSTICE MARSHALL'S THESIS 15
2.4 THE INFLUENCE OF JUSTICE MARSHALL'S DECISION 21
2.5 THE INFLUENCE OF JUSTICE MARSHALL'S JUDGMENT ON ENGLISH COURTS 22
2.5.1 ENGLISH COURTS AND THE SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY QUESTION 22
2.6 CIVIL LAW COUNTRIES AND SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY 25
2.7 RUSSIA AND THE SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY QUESTION 27
2.8 IS SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY AN INTERNATIONAL CUSTOM? 28
2.8.1 A CONTROVERSY 28
3 THE PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF STATES 33
3.1 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 33
3.2 THE RATIONAL FOUNDATION OF STATE IMMUNITY 37
3.3 DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITIES AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY 40
3.4 COMITY OF NATIONS, RECIPROCITY AND PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE 41
3.5 THE EQUALITY OF STATES IN THE SPHERE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 43
3.6 BENEFICIARIES OF STATE IMMUNITIES 46
3.6.1 STATE IMMUNITY- CLAIMS IN ENGLISH COURTS 49
3.6.2 STATE IMMUNITY IN AMERICAN COURTS 58
3.6.3 STATE IMMUNITY AND THE MIXED COURTS OF EGYPT 61
3.6.4 STATE IMMUNITY BEFORE SOUTH AFRICAN COURTS 63
3.6.5 STATE IMMUNITY IN BRITISH COMMONWEALTH STATES 66
4 RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY IN U.S. AND U.K. COURTS 69
4.1 A MOVE TOWARDS ANEW RULE 69
4.2 BACKGROUND 69
4.3 EARLY PRACTICE IN BELGIUM AND ITALIAN COURTS 70
4.4 A MOVE TOWARDS RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY 72
XIV CONTENTS
4.5 RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY AND ITS IMPLICATION 74
4.6 THE CHANGE OF HEART IN AMERICAN PRACTICE 77
4.7 SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY ACT OF 1976: CURRENT U.S. LAW 78
4.8 JURISDICTION OF THE FEDERAL COURTS 79
4.9 ISSUES WITH RESPECT TO COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION 79
4.10 COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY UNDER FSIA 80
4.11 CONTACTS AND DIRECT EFFECT APPROACH 81
4.12 ARBITRATION CLAUSES 82
4.12.1 EXPROPRIATION CLAIMS 83
4.12.2 NON-COMMERCIAL TORTS 84
4.12.3 COUNTERCLAIMS 84
4.12.4 ATTACHMENT AND EXECUTION 85
4.13 THE CHANGE OF HEART IN BRITISH PRACTICE 86
4.13.1 THE STATE IMMUNITY ACT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM (1978) 87
4.13.2 EXCEPTIONS TO IMMUNITY UNDER THE 1978 ACT 88
4.13.3 INDIRECT IMPLEADING 90
4.13.4 WAIVERS OF IMMUNITY AND COUNTERCLAIMS 91
4.13.5 EXECUTION 91
4.13.6 MISCELLANEOUS CONSIDERATIONS 92
4.14 DIFFICULTIES IN APPLYING RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY 94
4.14.1 DIFFICULTIES ASSOCIATED WITH POLITICAL ACTS OF STATE 96
4.14.2 THOUGHTS ON NATIONALIZATION AND RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY 97
5 PRIVATE SUITS AGAINST AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN FOREIGN COURTS 101
5.1 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS 101
5.2 EVIDENCE OF RESISTANCE TO THE RESTRICTIVE RULE 104
5.3 NIGERIA BEFORE ENGLISH COURTS 105
5.3.1 TRENDTEX TRADING CORP V. CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA 105
5.3.2 NIGERIA BEFORE GERMAN COURTS 109
5.3.3 NIGERIA BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS: PART ONE 111
5.3.4 NIGERIA BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS: PART TWO 113
5.4 UGANDA BEFORE ENGLISH COURTS 115
5.5 EGYPT BEFORE INDIAN COURTS 116
5.6 UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 117
5.7 TUNISIA BEFORE UNITED STATES COURTS 118
5.8 ZAIRE BEFORE ENGLISH COURTS 119
5.9 SOMALI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 120
5.10 LIBYA BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 120
5.11 THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO BEFORE CANADIAN COURTS 122
5.12 ARBITRATION, DEFAULT JUDGMENT AND ENFORCEMENT 123
5.12.1 NIGERIA BEFORE SWITZERLAND AND AMERICAN COURTS 123
5.12.2 TANZANIA BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 124
5.12.3 THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 127
5.12.4 IS RESISTANCE BY AFRICAN STATES LEGALLY JUSTIFIED? 128
6 AFRICAN STATES AND THE PRACTICE OF STATE IMMUNITY 133
6.1 IS IT STILL STATE IMMUNITY OR RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY? 133
CONTENTS XV
6.2 PRE-COLONIAL AFRICA AND EARLY AFRICAN DYNASTIES 133
6.2.1 SOME CONCRETE EXAMPLES OF PERSONAL SOVEREIGNS 134
6.3 THE COLONIAL ERA 137
6.4 ENGLISH SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY LAW IN AFRICA STATES 141
6.5 FRENCH SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY LAW IN AFRICAN STATES 148
6.6 AFRICA, SELF-DETERMINATION AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 150
6.7 REFLECTIONS ON STATE PRACTICE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS 153
6.7.1 WHAT DO WE MEAN BY STATE PRACTICE? 154
6.7.2 MUNICIPAL COURTS AND LEGAL ARGUMENTS OF A DEFENDANT STATE 156
6.7.3 SUMMARY OF RULES 159
6.8 CUSTOM AND THE CONCEPT OF PERSISTENT OBJECTOR 160
6.8.1 ARE AFRICAN STATES BOUND BY RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY? 161
6.9 SOME THOUGHTS ON THE PERSISTENT OBJECTOR RULE 165
6.10 THE POSITION OF AFRICAN STATES ON STATE IMMUNITY 168
6.11 PRECEDING OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 171
7 THE ILC REPORT ON JURISDICTIONAL IMMUNITIES OF STATES 175
7.1 COMPOSITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION 175
7.2 SOME PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS 176
7.3 SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS TO IMMUNITY OF STATES 178
7.3.1 COMMERCIAL ELEMENTS AND JURISDICTIONAL COMPETENCE 178
7.4 PRINCIPLES OF STATE IMMUNITY UNDER THE DRAFT ARTICLES 181
7.5 EXECUTION AGAINST A FOREIGN STATE 182
7.6 PERSONAL INJURY OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY 184
7.7 EFFECTS OF DRAFT ARTICLE 2.2 ON RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY 187
7.8 THIRD WORLD INFLUENCE ON THE ILC DELIBERATIONS 189
7.8.1 DISAGREEMENT OVER THE DRAFT ARTICLES 192
7.9 THE UNCERTAINTY OF STATE PRACTICE 202
8 STATE IMMUNITY AND CERTAIN UNRESOLVED PROBLEMS 209
8.1 SOME LINGERING PROBLEMS 209
8.2 THE PROBLEMS OF TERRITORIAL NEXUS OR CONNECTION 210
8.3 PROBLEMS OF THE NATURE AND PURPOSE TESTS 215
8.4 MIXED ACTIVITIES OF STATES INVOLVING PRIVATE TRADERS 224
8.5 THE CONTINUING PROBLEMS OF ARBITRATION 230
8.6 CENTRAL BANKS AND CERTAIN UNSETTLED PROBLEMS 234
8.7 SOME PROBLEMS RELATING TO THE ACT OF STATE DOCTRINE 241
8.7.1 NATIONAL COURTS AND FOREIGN ACTS OF STATE 241
8.8 THE OVERLAP OF ACT OF STATE AND SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY 243
8.9 FINAL REMARKS 249
9 STATE IMMUNITY AND THE VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 251
9.1 PRELIMINARY MATTERS 251
9.2 PRIVATE SUITS AGAINST STATES FOR VIOLATING HUMAN RIGHTS 251
9.3 THE STATE, RECOGNITION AND JURIDICAL EQUALITY 253
9.3.1 IMMUNITIES OF HEADS OF STATES AND SENIOR STATE OFFICIALS 254
9.4 RECENT CASE LAW ON INTERNATIONAL LAW CRIMES 256
XVI CONTENTS
9.4.1 GENERAL PINOCHET BEFORE ENGLISH COURTS 257
9.4.2 EX-PRESIDENT HABRE BEFORE THE COURTS OF SENEGAL AND FRANCE 261
9.4.3 COLONEL QADAFFI BEFORE THE COURTS OF FRANCE 262
9.4.4 A BRIEF STUDY OF JUS COGENS AND THE OBLIGATIONES ERGA OMNES. 265
9.5 UK AND IRELAND BEFORE THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS 268
9.6 STATE IMMUNITY AND WORLD WAR TWO DAMAGE CLAIMS 270
9.6.1 GERMANY BEFORE GREEK COURTS 271
9.7 SOME SALIENT LEGAL ISSUES BEFORE THE ICJ 273
9.7.1 THE LEGALITY OF USE OF FORCE BEFORE THE ICJ 273
9.7.2 CONGO V. THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM 279
9.7.3 THE IMMUNITY OF A FOREIGN MINISTER IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 279
9.8 IMMUNITY, INTERNATIONAL CRIMES AND AMERICAN COURTS 287
9.8.1 USSR BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 288
9.8.2 HUGO PRINCZ V. GERMANY BEFORE AMERICAN COURTS 289
9.9 AMENDMENT TO US FSIA OF 1976 293
9.10 FINAL REMARKS 295
10. UN DRAFT CONVENTION ON STATE IMMUNITY 301
10.1 ACCEPTANCE OF THE PROPOSED DRAFT CONVENTION 301
10.2 THE CONCEPT OF THE STATE FOR PURPOSE OF IMMUNITY 302
10.3 STATE ENTERPRISE AND COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS 303
10.4 COMMERCIAL CHARACTER OF A CONTRACT OR TRANSACTION 305
10.5 CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT 307
10.6 MEASURES OF CONSTRAINT AGAINST THE STATE 308
10.7 A PERSPECTIVE SKETCH OF POSSIBLE FUTURE PROBLEMS 312
10.8 CONCLUSION 314
11 THE CURRENT LAW OF STATE IMMUNITY 317
11.1 SOME THOUGHTS ON THE LAW 317
11.2 THE CURRENT STATE OF THE LAW 317
11.3 THE CHANGING SCOPE OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY 319
11.4 A LOOK AT CURRENT STATE PRACTICE 324
11.4.1 SOME EVIDENCE OF STATE PRACTICE 327
11.5 ASIAN-AFRICAN LEGAL CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE'S REPORT 339
11.6 FURTHER REFLECTIONS ON THE STATE OF THE LAW 341
11.6.1 SOME SALIENT ISSUES 341
11.7 EMBASSY BANK ACCOUNTS AND FOREIGN RESERVES 344
11.8 EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS AND RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY 347
11.9 THE FUTURE OF THE LAW OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY 356
12 CONCLUSION: 361
12.1 A PROPOSAL FOR RESOLVING THE CONTROVERSY 361
APPENDIX 369
TREATY OF WESTPHALIA 369
THE SCHOONER EXCHANGE DECISION 399
JUDGE WEISS CONCEPT OF RESTRICTIVE IMMUNITY (1922) 407
THE TATE LETTER 409
CONTENTS XVII
EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON STATE IMMUNITY 411
US: FOREIGN IMMUNITIES ACT OF 1976 423
UK: IMMUNITY ACT OF 1978 431
THE SINGAPORE STATE IMMUNITY ACT OF 1979 443
THE PAKISTANI STATE IMMUNITY ORDINANCE 1981 449
SOUTH AFRICAN FOREIGN STATE IMMUNITIES ACT 1981 455
THE ILA MONTREAL DRAFT CONVENTION 461
FOREIGN STATES IMMUNITIES ACT NO. 196 OF 1985 467
STATE IMMUNITIES ACT, CHAPTER S-18 485
ILC DRAFT ARTICLES ON JURISDICTIONAL IMMUNITIES 491
UN DRAFT CONVENTION ON STATE IMMUNITY 501
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 517
INDEX 535 |
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| author | Bankas, Ernest K. |
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| dewey-ones | 341 - Law of nations |
| dewey-raw | 341.26 |
| dewey-search | 341.26 |
| dewey-sort | 3341.26 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV022218930 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:28:27Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:52:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783540256953 3540256954 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015430176 |
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| physical | XVII, 541 S. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2005 |
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| spelling | Bankas, Ernest K. Verfasser aut The state immunity controversy in international law private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts Ernest K. Bankas Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York Springer 2005 XVII, 541 S. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 517 - 526 Teilw. zugl.: Durham, Univ., Diss.,1999 u.d.T.: International law : state immunity and the controversy of private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts Immunités des États étrangers État - Responsabilité (Droit international) Immunities of foreign states Government liability (International law) Staatenimmunität (DE-588)4230755-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Staatenimmunität (DE-588)4230755-7 s DE-604 text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2668729&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015430176&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bankas, Ernest K. The state immunity controversy in international law private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts Immunités des États étrangers État - Responsabilité (Droit international) Immunities of foreign states Government liability (International law) Staatenimmunität (DE-588)4230755-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4230755-7 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | The state immunity controversy in international law private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts |
| title_auth | The state immunity controversy in international law private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts |
| title_exact_search | The state immunity controversy in international law private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The state immunity controversy in international law private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts |
| title_full | The state immunity controversy in international law private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts Ernest K. Bankas |
| title_fullStr | The state immunity controversy in international law private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts Ernest K. Bankas |
| title_full_unstemmed | The state immunity controversy in international law private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts Ernest K. Bankas |
| title_short | The state immunity controversy in international law |
| title_sort | the state immunity controversy in international law private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts |
| title_sub | private suits against sovereign states in domestic courts |
| topic | Immunités des États étrangers État - Responsabilité (Droit international) Immunities of foreign states Government liability (International law) Staatenimmunität (DE-588)4230755-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Immunités des États étrangers État - Responsabilité (Droit international) Immunities of foreign states Government liability (International law) Staatenimmunität Hochschulschrift |
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