Medical imaging physics:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Wiley-Liss
2002
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents only Publisher description Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xix, 512 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 29 cm |
| ISBN: | 0471382264 |
Internformat
MARC
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|---|---|---|---|
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| 003 | DE-604 | ||
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| 010 | |a 2005272083 | ||
| 015 | |a GBA2-50453 |2 dnb | ||
| 020 | |a 0471382264 |c alk. paper |9 0-471-38226-4 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)50270575 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV022216668 | ||
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| 084 | |a MED 540f |2 stub | ||
| 084 | |a MED 385f |2 stub | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Hendee, William R. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Medical imaging physics |c William R. Hendee, E. Russell Ritenour |
| 250 | |a 4. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York |b Wiley-Liss |c 2002 | |
| 300 | |a xix, 512 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 29 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Diagnóstico por imagem |2 larpcal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Medical physics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Diagnostic imaging | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Radiology, Medical | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Imaging systems in medicine | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biophysics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Diagnostic Imaging | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nuclear Medicine | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Radiobiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ultrasonics | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Medizin |0 (DE-588)4038243-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Physikalische Medizin |0 (DE-588)4138724-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Physik |0 (DE-588)4045956-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Ultraschalltechnik |0 (DE-588)4232362-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Biophysik |0 (DE-588)4006891-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Computertomografie |0 (DE-588)4113240-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Medizinische Radiologie |0 (DE-588)4038268-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Ritenour, E. Russell |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136198294208512 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | corsn
PREFACE xv
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xvii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix
1 ¦ IMAGING IN MEDICINE 1
OBJECTIVES 2
INTRODUCTION 2
CONCLUSIONS 9
REFERENCES 9
2 II STRUCTURE OF MATTER 11 OBJECTIVES 12
THE ATOM 12
SOLIDS 17
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 18
THE NUCLEUS 19
NUCLEAR FISSION AND FUSION 21
NUCLEAR SPIN AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC MOMENTS 22
NUCLEAR NOMENCLATURE 23
PROBLEMS 23
SUMMARY 24
REFERENCES 25
3 ¦ RADIOACTIVE DECAY 27
OBJECTIVES 28
NUCLEAR STABILITY AND DECAY 28
ALPHA DECAY 29
DECAY SCHEMES 29
BETA DECAY 30
ISOMERIC TRANSITIONS 33
MATHEMATICS OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY 33
FENTS DECAY EQUATIONS AND HALF LIFE 35
TRANSIENT EQUILIBRIUM 37
ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF RADIONUCLIDES 39
MATHEMATICS OF NUCLIDE PRODUCTION BY NEUTRON
BOMBARDMENT 40
INFORMATION ABOUT RADIOACTIVE NUCLIDES 41
PROBLEMS 41
SUMMARY 42
REFERENCES 43
4 H INTERACTIONS OF RADIATION 45 OBJECTIVES 46
CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERACTIONS 46
DIRECTLY IONIZING RADIATION 46
INTERACTIONS OF ELECTRONS 48
INTERACTIONS OF HEAVY, CHARGED PARTICLES 50
INDIRECTLY IONIZING RADIATION 50
INTERACTIONS OF NEUTRONS 50
ATTENUATION OF X AND y RADIATION 51
NONIONIZINC RADIATION 64
INTERACTIONS OF NONIONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC
RADIATION 66
PROBLEMS 67
SUMMARY 67
REFERENCES 68
5 II PRODUCTION OF X RAYS 69 OBJECTIVES 70
INTRODUCTION 70
CONVENTIONAL X RAY TUBES 70
ELECTRON SOURCE 70
TUBE VOLTAGE AND VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS 71
ix
X I CONTENTS
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FILAMENT CURRENT AND TUBE
CURRENT 73
EMISSION SPECTRA 73
FILTRATION 74
TUBE VACUUM 79
ENVELOPE AND HOUSING 79
SPECIAL PURPOSE X RAY TUBES 81
RATINGS FOR X RAY TUBES 82
PROBLEMS 88
SUMMARY 88
REFERENCES 89
6 ¦ RADIATION QUANTITY AND QUALITY 91
OBJECTIVES 92
INTENSITY 92
TRADITIONAL VERSUS SYSTEME INTERNATIONAL
UNITS 94
RADIATION EXPOSURE 95
UNITS OF RADIATION DOSE 98
DOSE EQUIVALENT 100
MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION DOSE 102
HALF VALUE LAYER 111
VARIATION IN QUALITY ACROSS AN X RAY BEAM 112
SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF AN X RAY BEAM 113
PROBLEMS 113
SUMMARY 114
REFERENCES 115
7 ¦ INTERACTION OF X AND y RAYS
IN THE BODY 117
OBJECTIVES 118
INTRODUCTION 118
F FACTOR 118
ATTENUATION OF X AND y RAYS
IN TISSUE 119
DOSE TO SOFT TISSUE BEYOND BONE 121
HIGH VOLTAGE RADIOGRAPHY 122
LOW VOLTAGE RADIOGRAPHY 122
CONTRAST MEDIA 123
PROBLEMS 125
SUMMARY 125
REFERENCES 125
8 ¦ RADIATION DETECTORS FOR QUANTITATIVE
MEASUREMENT 127
OBJECTIVES 128
IONIZATION CHAMBERS 128
PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS 131
GEIGER MULLER TUBES 132
SOLID SCINTILLATION DETECTORS 134
LIQUID SCINTILLATION DETECTORS 136
SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTORS 138
PROBLEMS 140
SUMMARY 140
REFERENCES 141
9 ¦ ACCUMULATION AND ANALYSIS
OF NUCLEAR DATA 143 OBJECTIVES 144
INTRODUCTION 144
COUNTING SYSTEMS 144
DETERMINATE ERRORS IN RADIOACTIVITY
MEASUREMENTS 149
GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETRY 152
PULSE HEIGHT SPECTRA 152
PHOTOPEAK COUNTING 156
RADIOACTIVE AGENTS FOR CLINICAL STUDIES 157
PROBLEMS 158
SUMMARY 159
REFERENCES 160
10 1 COMPUTERS AND IMAGE NETWORKING 161
OBJECTIVES 162
HISTORY 162
MACHINE REPRESENTATION OF DATA 163
COMPUTER SYSTEM HARDWARE 168
SOFTWARE 173
NETWORKING 173
PROBLEMS 177
SUMMARY 177
REFERENCES 178
11 II PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS 179 OBJECTIVES 180
INTRODUCTION 180
NATURE OF ERROR 180
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 181
SIGNAL AND NOISE 183
METHODS TO DESCRIBE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 184
PROPAGATION OF ERROR 188
OTHER METHODS FOR DESCRIBING PRECISION 190
SELECTED STATISTICAL TESTS 192
SUMMARY 195
PROBLEMS 195
REFERENCES 195
12 B INSTRUMENTATION FOR NUCLEAR IMAGING 197
OBJECTIVES 198
INTRODUCTION 198
MEASUREMENT OF ACCUMULATION AND EXCRETION
RATES 198
SINGLE CRYSTAL SCINTILLATION CAMERA 201
PRINCIPLES OF SCINTILLATION CAMERA OPERATION 202
MULTIPLE CRYSTAL SCINTILLATION CAMERA 209
SOLID STATE CAMERA 209
RECTILINEAR SCANNER 210
EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 210
PROBLEMS 214
SUMMARY 215
REFERENCES 215
13 M RADIOGRAPHY 217 OBJECTIVES 218
X RAY FILM 218
INTENSIFYING SCREENS 223
RADIOGRAPHIC GRIDS 226
MAGNIFICATION RADIOGRAPHY 229
CONTENTS | Xi
DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY 230
PROBLEMS 233
SUMMARY 234
REFERENCES 234
14 I FLUOROSCOPY 235
OBJECTIVES 236
FLUOROSCOPY AND IMAGE INTENSIFICATION 236
TELEVISION DISPLAY OF THE FLUOROSCOPIC IMAGE 241
DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY 244
AUTOMATIC BRIGHTNESS CONTROL 245
CINEFLUOROGRAPHY 247
PROBLEMS 248
SUMMARY 249
REFERENCES 249
15 ¦ COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 251
OBJECTIVES 252
INTRODUCTION 252
HISTORY 252
PRINCIPLE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING 253
RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHMS 254
SCAN MOTIONS 255
X RAY SOURCES 258
COLLIMATION 258
X RAY DETECTORS 258
VIEWING SYSTEMS 258
PATIENT DOSE 259
QUALITY CONTROL 260
SUMMARY 262
PROBLEMS 262
REFERENCES 262
16 H INFLUENCES ON IMAGE QUALITY 265
OBJECTIVES 266
INTRODUCTION 266
UNSHARPNESS 266
CONTRAST 270
XU | CONTENTS
IMAGE NOISE 274
IMAGE DISTORTION AND ARTIFACTS 276
SUMMARY 278
PROBLEMS 278
REFERENCES 279
171 ANALYTIC DESCRIPTION OF IMAGE QUALITY 281
OBJECTIVES 282
INTRODUCTION 282
POINT RESPONSE 282
LINE RESPONSE 282
CONTRAST RESPONSE 283
MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTION 284
QUANTUM LEVELS AND CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES 286
SUMMARY 286
PROBLEMS 287
REFERENCES 287
18 1 VISUAL PERCEPTION 289 OBJECTIVES 290
INTRODUCTION 290
HUMAN VISION 292
DETECTION OF VISUAL INFORMATION 295
VISUAL ACUITY 296
CONTRAST DISCRIMINATION 296
RECOGNITION AND INTERPRETATION OF VISUAL
INFORMATION 298
EXPRESSIONS OF VISUAL PERFORMANCE 298
SUMMARY 300
PROBLEMS 301
REFERENCES 301
19 ¦ ULTRASOUND WAVES 303
OBJECTIVES 304
INTRODUCTION 304
HISTORY 304
WAVE MOTION 304
WAVE CHARACTERISTICS 305
ULTRASOUND INTENSITY 306
ULTRASOUND VELOCITY 307
ATTENUATION OF ULTRASOUND 308
REFLECTION 311
REFRACTION 313
ABSORPTION 314
SUMMARY 315
PROBLEMS 316
REFERENCES 316
20 B ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCERS 317 OBJECTIVES 318
INTRODUCTION 318
PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT 318
TRANSDUCER DESIGN 319
FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF TRANSDUCERS 320
ULTRASOUND BEAMS 321
PROBLEMS 329
SUMMARY 329
REFERENCES 329
21 ¦ ULTRASOUND INSTRUMENTATION 331
OBJECTIVES 332
PRESENTATION MODES 332
TIME REQUIRED TO OBTAIN IMAGES 333
SYSTEM COMPONENTS 335
SIGNAL PROCESSING 335
DYNAMIC RANGE 337
ULTRASOUND IMAGE ARTIFACTS 338
QUALITY CONTROL 338
PROBLEMS 340
SUMMARY 341
REFERENCES 341
22 II DOPPLER EFFECT 343 OBJECTIVES 344
ORIGIN OF DOPPLER SHIFT 344
LIMITATIONS OF DOPPLER SYSTEMS 351
PROBLEMS 352
SUMMARY 352
REFERENCES 353
23 B FUNDAMENTALS OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE 355
OBJECTIVES 356
INTERACTION OF NUCLEI WITH A STATIC MAGNETIC
FIELD 356
ROTATION AND PRECESSION 356
INTERACTION OF NUCLEI WITH A RADIO FREQUENCY WAVE:
NUTATION 357
INDUCTION OF A MAGNETIC RESONANCE SIGNAL
IN A COIL 358
QUANTUM MECHANICAL INTERPRETATION 359
BULK MAGNETIZATION 360
RELAXATION PROCESSES: T1 AND T2 361
RELAXATION TIMES (T1 AND T2) FOR BIOLOGIC
MATERIALS 363
PROBLEMS 364
SUMMARY 364
REFERENCES 364
24 ¦ MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
AND SPECTROSCOPY 367 OBJECTIVES 368
OVERVIEW: MAGNETIC RESONANCE AS A PROBE
OF THE BODY 368
PULSE SEQUENCES 368
SPATIAL ENCODING OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
SIGNAL 370
MOTION SUPPRESSION TECHNIQUES 374
CONTRAST AGENTS 376
TISSUE CONTRAST IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 377
MRANGIOGRAPHY 380
SPECTROSCOPY 380
CHEMICAL SHIFT IMAGING 383
PROBLEMS 384
SUMMARY 384
REFERENCES 385
25 ¦ MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING:
INSTRUMENTATION, BIOEFFECTS, AND
SITE PLANNING 389 OBJECTIVES 390
MAIN SYSTEM MAGNET 390
GRADIENT MAGNETIC FIELDS 391
CONTENTS | Xiii
RADIO FREQUENCY COILS 391
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS 392
COMPUTER 393
ARTIFACTS 393
QUALITY ASSURANCE 395
BIOEFFECTS 395
SITE PLANNING 398
SUMMARY 400
REFERENCES 401
26 ¦ EXPERIMENTAL RADIOBIOLOCY 403
OBJECTIVES 404
INTRODUCTION 404
INTERACTIONS AT THE CELL AND TISSUE LEVELS 405
CELL SURVIVAL STUDIES 405
MODIFICATION OF CELLULAR RESPONSES 406
ANIMAL STUDIES 409
CONCLUSIONS 411
REFERENCES 411
27 ¦ HUMAN RADIOBIOLOCY 413 OBJECTIVES 414
STOCHASTIC EFFECTS OF RADIATION 414
NONSTOCHASTIC EFFECTS OF RADIATION 414
DOSIMETRY IN INDIVIDUALS AND POPULATIONS 416
BACKGROUND RADIATION 417
HUMAN POPULATIONS THAT HAVE BEEN EXPOSED
TO UNUSUAL LEVELS OF RADIATION 419
DOSE EFFECT MODELS 423
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DOSE EFFECT MODELS 425
ESTIMATING RISKS OF RADIATION: BEIR REPORT 426
SOURCES OF INFORMATION 429
SUMMARY 431
REFERENCES 431
28 ¦ PROTECTION FROM EXTERNAL SOURCES
OF RADIATION 435 OBJECTIVES 436
REGULATORY AUTHORITY FOR RADIATION
PROTECTION 437
Xiv | CONTENTS
EFFECTIVE DOSE LIMITS 438
SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SOURCES OF X AND
y RADIATION 442
PROTECTIVE BARRIERS FOR RADIATION SOURCES 442
AREA AND PERSONNEL MONITORING 450
PROBLEMS 452
SUMMARY 452
REFERENCES 453
29 ¦ PROTECTION FROM INTERNAL SOURCES
OF RADIATION 455 OBJECTIVES 456
INTRODUCTION 456
COMMITTED DOSE EQUIVALENT 456
ESTIMATING INTERNAL DOSE 457
RADIATION DOSE FROM INTERNAL RADIOACTIVITY 458
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SAFE USE OF RADIOACTIVE
NUCLIDES 465
SUMMARY 465
REFERENCES 465
30 ¦ FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN MEDICAL
IMAGING 467 OBJECTIVES 468
INTRODUCTION 468
NEW IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES 468
PHASE CONTRAST X RAY IMAGING 471
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION 471
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 473
TECHNICAL EXPERTISE IN RADIOLOGY 474
SUMMARY 474
REFERENCES 475
¦ APPENDIX I
REVIEW OF MATHEMATICS 477
m APPENDIX II FOURIER TRANSFORM 483
DOPPLER ULTRASOUND 483
MAGNETIC RESONANCE 483
m APPENDIX III MULTIPLES AND PREFIXES 485
II APPENDIX IV MASSES IN ATOMIC MASS UNITS FOR NEUTRAL ATOMS OF
STABLE NUCLIDES AND A FEW UNSTABLE NUCLIDES 487
ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS 491
INDEX 495
|
| adam_txt |
corsn
PREFACE xv
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xvii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix
1 ¦ IMAGING IN MEDICINE 1
OBJECTIVES 2
INTRODUCTION 2
CONCLUSIONS 9
REFERENCES 9
2 II STRUCTURE OF MATTER 11 OBJECTIVES 12
THE ATOM 12
SOLIDS 17
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 18
THE NUCLEUS 19
NUCLEAR FISSION AND FUSION 21
NUCLEAR SPIN AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC MOMENTS 22
NUCLEAR NOMENCLATURE 23
PROBLEMS 23
SUMMARY 24
REFERENCES 25
3 ¦ RADIOACTIVE DECAY 27
OBJECTIVES 28
NUCLEAR STABILITY AND DECAY 28
ALPHA DECAY 29
DECAY SCHEMES 29
BETA DECAY 30
ISOMERIC TRANSITIONS 33
MATHEMATICS OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY 33
FENTS DECAY EQUATIONS AND HALF LIFE 35
TRANSIENT EQUILIBRIUM 37
ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF RADIONUCLIDES 39
MATHEMATICS OF NUCLIDE PRODUCTION BY NEUTRON
BOMBARDMENT 40
INFORMATION ABOUT RADIOACTIVE NUCLIDES 41
PROBLEMS 41
SUMMARY 42
REFERENCES 43
4 H INTERACTIONS OF RADIATION 45 OBJECTIVES 46
CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERACTIONS 46
DIRECTLY IONIZING RADIATION 46
INTERACTIONS OF ELECTRONS 48
INTERACTIONS OF HEAVY, CHARGED PARTICLES 50
INDIRECTLY IONIZING RADIATION 50
INTERACTIONS OF NEUTRONS 50
ATTENUATION OF X AND y RADIATION 51
NONIONIZINC RADIATION 64
INTERACTIONS OF NONIONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC
RADIATION 66
PROBLEMS 67
SUMMARY 67
REFERENCES 68
5 II PRODUCTION OF X RAYS 69 OBJECTIVES 70
INTRODUCTION 70
CONVENTIONAL X RAY TUBES 70
ELECTRON SOURCE 70
TUBE VOLTAGE AND VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS 71
ix
X I CONTENTS
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FILAMENT CURRENT AND TUBE
CURRENT 73
EMISSION SPECTRA 73
FILTRATION 74
TUBE VACUUM 79
ENVELOPE AND HOUSING 79
SPECIAL PURPOSE X RAY TUBES 81
RATINGS FOR X RAY TUBES 82
PROBLEMS 88
SUMMARY 88
REFERENCES 89
6 ¦ RADIATION QUANTITY AND QUALITY 91
OBJECTIVES 92
INTENSITY 92
TRADITIONAL VERSUS SYSTEME INTERNATIONAL
UNITS 94
RADIATION EXPOSURE 95
UNITS OF RADIATION DOSE 98
DOSE EQUIVALENT 100
MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION DOSE 102
HALF VALUE LAYER 111
VARIATION IN QUALITY ACROSS AN X RAY BEAM 112
SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF AN X RAY BEAM 113
PROBLEMS 113
SUMMARY 114
REFERENCES 115
7 ¦ INTERACTION OF X AND y RAYS
IN THE BODY 117
OBJECTIVES 118
INTRODUCTION 118
F FACTOR 118
ATTENUATION OF X AND y RAYS
IN TISSUE 119
DOSE TO SOFT TISSUE BEYOND BONE 121
HIGH VOLTAGE RADIOGRAPHY 122
LOW VOLTAGE RADIOGRAPHY 122
CONTRAST MEDIA 123
PROBLEMS 125
SUMMARY 125
REFERENCES 125
8 ¦ RADIATION DETECTORS FOR QUANTITATIVE
MEASUREMENT 127
OBJECTIVES 128
IONIZATION CHAMBERS 128
PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS 131
GEIGER MULLER TUBES 132
SOLID SCINTILLATION DETECTORS 134
LIQUID SCINTILLATION DETECTORS 136
SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTORS 138
PROBLEMS 140
SUMMARY 140
REFERENCES 141
9 ¦ ACCUMULATION AND ANALYSIS
OF NUCLEAR DATA 143 OBJECTIVES 144
INTRODUCTION 144
COUNTING SYSTEMS 144
DETERMINATE ERRORS IN RADIOACTIVITY
MEASUREMENTS 149
GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETRY 152
PULSE HEIGHT SPECTRA 152
PHOTOPEAK COUNTING 156
RADIOACTIVE AGENTS FOR CLINICAL STUDIES 157
PROBLEMS 158
SUMMARY 159
REFERENCES 160
10 1 COMPUTERS AND IMAGE NETWORKING 161
OBJECTIVES 162
HISTORY 162
MACHINE REPRESENTATION OF DATA 163
COMPUTER SYSTEM HARDWARE 168
SOFTWARE 173
NETWORKING 173
PROBLEMS 177
SUMMARY 177
REFERENCES 178
11 II PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS 179 OBJECTIVES 180
INTRODUCTION 180
NATURE OF ERROR 180
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 181
SIGNAL AND NOISE 183
METHODS TO DESCRIBE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 184
PROPAGATION OF ERROR 188
OTHER METHODS FOR DESCRIBING PRECISION 190
SELECTED STATISTICAL TESTS 192
SUMMARY 195
PROBLEMS 195
REFERENCES 195
12 B INSTRUMENTATION FOR NUCLEAR IMAGING 197
OBJECTIVES 198
INTRODUCTION 198
MEASUREMENT OF ACCUMULATION AND EXCRETION
RATES 198
SINGLE CRYSTAL SCINTILLATION CAMERA 201
PRINCIPLES OF SCINTILLATION CAMERA OPERATION 202
MULTIPLE CRYSTAL SCINTILLATION CAMERA 209
SOLID STATE CAMERA 209
RECTILINEAR SCANNER 210
EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 210
PROBLEMS 214
SUMMARY 215
REFERENCES 215
13 M RADIOGRAPHY 217 OBJECTIVES 218
X RAY FILM 218
INTENSIFYING SCREENS 223
RADIOGRAPHIC GRIDS 226
MAGNIFICATION RADIOGRAPHY 229
CONTENTS | Xi
DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY 230
PROBLEMS 233
SUMMARY 234
REFERENCES 234
14 I FLUOROSCOPY 235
OBJECTIVES 236
FLUOROSCOPY AND IMAGE INTENSIFICATION 236
TELEVISION DISPLAY OF THE FLUOROSCOPIC IMAGE 241
DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY 244
AUTOMATIC BRIGHTNESS CONTROL 245
CINEFLUOROGRAPHY 247
PROBLEMS 248
SUMMARY 249
REFERENCES 249
15 ¦ COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 251
OBJECTIVES 252
INTRODUCTION 252
HISTORY 252
PRINCIPLE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING 253
RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHMS 254
SCAN MOTIONS 255
X RAY SOURCES 258
COLLIMATION 258
X RAY DETECTORS 258
VIEWING SYSTEMS 258
PATIENT DOSE 259
QUALITY CONTROL 260
SUMMARY 262
PROBLEMS 262
REFERENCES 262
16 H INFLUENCES ON IMAGE QUALITY 265
OBJECTIVES 266
INTRODUCTION 266
UNSHARPNESS 266
CONTRAST 270
XU | CONTENTS
IMAGE NOISE 274
IMAGE DISTORTION AND ARTIFACTS 276
SUMMARY 278
PROBLEMS 278
REFERENCES 279
171 ANALYTIC DESCRIPTION OF IMAGE QUALITY 281
OBJECTIVES 282
INTRODUCTION 282
POINT RESPONSE 282
LINE RESPONSE 282
CONTRAST RESPONSE 283
MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTION 284
QUANTUM LEVELS AND CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES 286
SUMMARY 286
PROBLEMS 287
REFERENCES 287
18 1 VISUAL PERCEPTION 289 OBJECTIVES 290
INTRODUCTION 290
HUMAN VISION 292
DETECTION OF VISUAL INFORMATION 295
VISUAL ACUITY 296
CONTRAST DISCRIMINATION 296
RECOGNITION AND INTERPRETATION OF VISUAL
INFORMATION 298
EXPRESSIONS OF VISUAL PERFORMANCE 298
SUMMARY 300
PROBLEMS 301
REFERENCES 301
19 ¦ ULTRASOUND WAVES 303
OBJECTIVES 304
INTRODUCTION 304
HISTORY 304
WAVE MOTION 304
WAVE CHARACTERISTICS 305
ULTRASOUND INTENSITY 306
ULTRASOUND VELOCITY 307
ATTENUATION OF ULTRASOUND 308
REFLECTION 311
REFRACTION 313
ABSORPTION 314
SUMMARY 315
PROBLEMS 316
REFERENCES 316
20 B ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCERS 317 OBJECTIVES 318
INTRODUCTION 318
PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT 318
TRANSDUCER DESIGN 319
FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF TRANSDUCERS 320
ULTRASOUND BEAMS 321
PROBLEMS 329
SUMMARY 329
REFERENCES 329
21 ¦ ULTRASOUND INSTRUMENTATION 331
OBJECTIVES 332
PRESENTATION MODES 332
TIME REQUIRED TO OBTAIN IMAGES 333
SYSTEM COMPONENTS 335
SIGNAL PROCESSING 335
DYNAMIC RANGE 337
ULTRASOUND IMAGE ARTIFACTS 338
QUALITY CONTROL 338
PROBLEMS 340
SUMMARY 341
REFERENCES 341
22 II DOPPLER EFFECT 343 OBJECTIVES 344
ORIGIN OF DOPPLER SHIFT 344
LIMITATIONS OF DOPPLER SYSTEMS 351
PROBLEMS 352
SUMMARY 352
REFERENCES 353
23 B FUNDAMENTALS OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE 355
OBJECTIVES 356
INTERACTION OF NUCLEI WITH A STATIC MAGNETIC
FIELD 356
ROTATION AND PRECESSION 356
INTERACTION OF NUCLEI WITH A RADIO FREQUENCY WAVE:
NUTATION 357
INDUCTION OF A MAGNETIC RESONANCE SIGNAL
IN A COIL 358
QUANTUM MECHANICAL INTERPRETATION 359
BULK MAGNETIZATION 360
RELAXATION PROCESSES: T1 AND T2 361
RELAXATION TIMES (T1 AND T2) FOR BIOLOGIC
MATERIALS 363
PROBLEMS 364
SUMMARY 364
REFERENCES 364
24 ¦ MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
AND SPECTROSCOPY 367 OBJECTIVES 368
OVERVIEW: MAGNETIC RESONANCE AS A PROBE
OF THE BODY 368
PULSE SEQUENCES 368
SPATIAL ENCODING OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
SIGNAL 370
MOTION SUPPRESSION TECHNIQUES 374
CONTRAST AGENTS 376
TISSUE CONTRAST IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 377
MRANGIOGRAPHY 380
SPECTROSCOPY 380
CHEMICAL SHIFT IMAGING 383
PROBLEMS 384
SUMMARY 384
REFERENCES 385
25 ¦ MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING:
INSTRUMENTATION, BIOEFFECTS, AND
SITE PLANNING 389 OBJECTIVES 390
MAIN SYSTEM MAGNET 390
GRADIENT MAGNETIC FIELDS 391
CONTENTS | Xiii
RADIO FREQUENCY COILS 391
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS 392
COMPUTER 393
ARTIFACTS 393
QUALITY ASSURANCE 395
BIOEFFECTS 395
SITE PLANNING 398
SUMMARY 400
REFERENCES 401
26 ¦ EXPERIMENTAL RADIOBIOLOCY 403
OBJECTIVES 404
INTRODUCTION 404
INTERACTIONS AT THE CELL AND TISSUE LEVELS 405
CELL SURVIVAL STUDIES 405
MODIFICATION OF CELLULAR RESPONSES 406
ANIMAL STUDIES 409
CONCLUSIONS 411
REFERENCES 411
27 ¦ HUMAN RADIOBIOLOCY 413 OBJECTIVES 414
STOCHASTIC EFFECTS OF RADIATION 414
NONSTOCHASTIC EFFECTS OF RADIATION 414
DOSIMETRY IN INDIVIDUALS AND POPULATIONS 416
BACKGROUND RADIATION 417
HUMAN POPULATIONS THAT HAVE BEEN EXPOSED
TO UNUSUAL LEVELS OF RADIATION 419
DOSE EFFECT MODELS 423
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DOSE EFFECT MODELS 425
ESTIMATING RISKS OF RADIATION: BEIR REPORT 426
SOURCES OF INFORMATION 429
SUMMARY 431
REFERENCES 431
28 ¦ PROTECTION FROM EXTERNAL SOURCES
OF RADIATION 435 OBJECTIVES 436
REGULATORY AUTHORITY FOR RADIATION
PROTECTION 437
Xiv | CONTENTS
EFFECTIVE DOSE LIMITS 438
SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SOURCES OF X AND
y RADIATION 442
PROTECTIVE BARRIERS FOR RADIATION SOURCES 442
AREA AND PERSONNEL MONITORING 450
PROBLEMS 452
SUMMARY 452
REFERENCES 453
29 ¦ PROTECTION FROM INTERNAL SOURCES
OF RADIATION 455 OBJECTIVES 456
INTRODUCTION 456
COMMITTED DOSE EQUIVALENT 456
ESTIMATING INTERNAL DOSE 457
RADIATION DOSE FROM INTERNAL RADIOACTIVITY 458
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SAFE USE OF RADIOACTIVE
NUCLIDES 465
SUMMARY 465
REFERENCES 465
30 ¦ FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN MEDICAL
IMAGING 467 OBJECTIVES 468
INTRODUCTION 468
NEW IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES 468
PHASE CONTRAST X RAY IMAGING 471
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION 471
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 473
TECHNICAL EXPERTISE IN RADIOLOGY 474
SUMMARY 474
REFERENCES 475
¦ APPENDIX I
REVIEW OF MATHEMATICS 477
m APPENDIX II FOURIER TRANSFORM 483
DOPPLER ULTRASOUND 483
MAGNETIC RESONANCE 483
m APPENDIX III MULTIPLES AND PREFIXES 485
II APPENDIX IV MASSES IN ATOMIC MASS UNITS FOR NEUTRAL ATOMS OF
STABLE NUCLIDES AND A FEW UNSTABLE NUCLIDES 487
ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS 491
INDEX 495 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Hendee, William R. Ritenour, E. Russell |
| author_facet | Hendee, William R. Ritenour, E. Russell |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Hendee, William R. |
| author_variant | w r h wr wrh e r r er err |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022216668 |
| callnumber-first | R - Medicine |
| callnumber-label | R895 |
| callnumber-raw | R895 |
| callnumber-search | R895 |
| callnumber-sort | R 3895 |
| callnumber-subject | R - General Medicine |
| classification_rvk | YR 1701 |
| classification_tum | MED 540f MED 385f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)50270575 (DE-599)BVBBV022216668 |
| dewey-full | 616.07/54 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 616 - Diseases |
| dewey-raw | 616.07/54 |
| dewey-search | 616.07/54 |
| dewey-sort | 3616.07 254 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Medizintechnik Medizin |
| discipline_str_mv | Medizintechnik Medizin |
| edition | 4. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV022216668 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:27:36Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:52:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0471382264 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2005272083 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015427954 |
| oclc_num | 50270575 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29T DE-91 DE-BY-TUM |
| owner_facet | DE-29T DE-91 DE-BY-TUM |
| physical | xix, 512 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 29 cm |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publishDateSearch | 2002 |
| publishDateSort | 2002 |
| publisher | Wiley-Liss |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Hendee, William R. Verfasser aut Medical imaging physics William R. Hendee, E. Russell Ritenour 4. ed. New York Wiley-Liss 2002 xix, 512 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 29 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Diagnóstico por imagem larpcal Medical physics Diagnostic imaging Radiology, Medical Imaging systems in medicine Biophysics Diagnostic Imaging Nuclear Medicine Radiobiology Ultrasonics Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 gnd rswk-swf Physikalische Medizin (DE-588)4138724-7 gnd rswk-swf Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd rswk-swf Ultraschalltechnik (DE-588)4232362-9 gnd rswk-swf Biophysik (DE-588)4006891-2 gnd rswk-swf Computertomografie (DE-588)4113240-3 gnd rswk-swf Medizinische Radiologie (DE-588)4038268-0 gnd rswk-swf Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd rswk-swf Bildgebendes Verfahren (DE-588)4006617-4 gnd rswk-swf Biophysik (DE-588)4006891-2 s Physikalische Medizin (DE-588)4138724-7 s Bildgebendes Verfahren (DE-588)4006617-4 s DE-604 Medizinische Radiologie (DE-588)4038268-0 s Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 s Ultraschalltechnik (DE-588)4232362-9 s Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 s Computertomografie (DE-588)4113240-3 s Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 s 1\p DE-604 Ritenour, E. Russell Verfasser aut http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0601/2005272083.html Table of contents only http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0626/2005272083-d.html Publisher description HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015427954&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Hendee, William R. Ritenour, E. Russell Medical imaging physics Diagnóstico por imagem larpcal Medical physics Diagnostic imaging Radiology, Medical Imaging systems in medicine Biophysics Diagnostic Imaging Nuclear Medicine Radiobiology Ultrasonics Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 gnd Physikalische Medizin (DE-588)4138724-7 gnd Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd Ultraschalltechnik (DE-588)4232362-9 gnd Biophysik (DE-588)4006891-2 gnd Computertomografie (DE-588)4113240-3 gnd Medizinische Radiologie (DE-588)4038268-0 gnd Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd Bildgebendes Verfahren (DE-588)4006617-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4038243-6 (DE-588)4138724-7 (DE-588)4045956-1 (DE-588)4232362-9 (DE-588)4006891-2 (DE-588)4113240-3 (DE-588)4038268-0 (DE-588)4120806-7 (DE-588)4006617-4 |
| title | Medical imaging physics |
| title_auth | Medical imaging physics |
| title_exact_search | Medical imaging physics |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Medical imaging physics |
| title_full | Medical imaging physics William R. Hendee, E. Russell Ritenour |
| title_fullStr | Medical imaging physics William R. Hendee, E. Russell Ritenour |
| title_full_unstemmed | Medical imaging physics William R. Hendee, E. Russell Ritenour |
| title_short | Medical imaging physics |
| title_sort | medical imaging physics |
| topic | Diagnóstico por imagem larpcal Medical physics Diagnostic imaging Radiology, Medical Imaging systems in medicine Biophysics Diagnostic Imaging Nuclear Medicine Radiobiology Ultrasonics Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 gnd Physikalische Medizin (DE-588)4138724-7 gnd Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd Ultraschalltechnik (DE-588)4232362-9 gnd Biophysik (DE-588)4006891-2 gnd Computertomografie (DE-588)4113240-3 gnd Medizinische Radiologie (DE-588)4038268-0 gnd Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd Bildgebendes Verfahren (DE-588)4006617-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Diagnóstico por imagem Medical physics Diagnostic imaging Radiology, Medical Imaging systems in medicine Biophysics Diagnostic Imaging Nuclear Medicine Radiobiology Ultrasonics Medizin Physikalische Medizin Physik Ultraschalltechnik Biophysik Computertomografie Medizinische Radiologie Kernspintomografie Bildgebendes Verfahren |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0601/2005272083.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0626/2005272083-d.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015427954&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hendeewilliamr medicalimagingphysics AT ritenourerussell medicalimagingphysics |