Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Stuttgart
Univ. Hohenheim
2003
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Schriftenreihe: | Hohenheimer bodenkundliche Hefte
70 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Zugl.: Hohenheim, Univ., Diss., 2003. -Zsfassung in dt. und span. Sprache |
Beschreibung: | IV, 194 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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adam_text |
Titel: Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes
Autor: Thierfelder, Christian
Jahr: 2003
loble of Conrenfs
CONTENTS
1. Introduction. 1
2. Soil degradation - a challenge and duty for the future_._._2
2.1 Global extent of soil degradation_._._._._2
2.2 Soil erosion, its influencing factors and extent in Andean hillsides._3
13 Research objective of a former German Aid-Project_5
2.4 Definition of soil crusting and sealing._~.-.—_._._.6
2.5 Objectives of this study™_._^._„._._._._™_8
2.6 Review of literature and means of verification in this study. 9
2.6.1 Land-use and fertilization in the Andean region and possible effects on soil
crusting and sealing.9
2.6.2 Soils' modification on the soil surface due to structural changes.10
2.6.3 Form, type and kind of soil crusts and seals.10
2.6.4 Organic matter content in the first centimetres.11
2.6.5 Soil nutrients and electrical conductivity and its influences on soil crusting and
sealing.12
2.6.6 Humid tropical climate in the research region and its influence on soils
especially on the soil surface.12
2.6.7 Water balance and its influencing factors.13
2.6.8 Growth and yield of regional adapted crops.14
2.6.9 Means of verification.14
3. Material and Methods_16
3.1 Research Area and Location_.16
3.1.1 Traditional land-use systems.17
3.1.2 Climate and vegetation.17
3.1.3 Soils description.18
3.2 Layout of field experiments-------------------------------------------------------------------19
3.2.1 Structure of experimental plots.19
3.2.2 Treatments.21
I
To Die ot Con fen's
3.3 Agronomic practices .•.••••.•.•.•.•••.•.•.••••••.•.•.•.••»««««««««««.•««.»««¦¦••••¦• 23
3.3.1 Soil preparation and planting.23
3.3.2 Fertilization.23
3.3.3 Crop management.24
3.4 Field methods_25
3.4.1 Penetration resistance measurements.25
3.4.2 Shear strength.26
3.4.3 Analysis of climate.26
3.4.4 Soil water content.26
3.4.5 Tensiometer measurements.27
3.4.6 Infiltration.28
3.4.7 Collection of erosion and run-off data.28
3.4.8 Harvest yield.28
3.4.9 Soil samplings for laboratory analysis.30
3.5 Physical soil analyses_30
3.5.1 Texture.30
3.5.2 Aggregate size and distribution.30
3.5.3 Aggregate stability.31
3.5.4 Bulk density.31
3.5.5 Measurement of soil crusts and seals.31
3.6 Chemical soil analyses_32
3.6.1 Soil reaction.32
3.6.2 Organic matter.32
3.6.3 Concentration of nutrients.32
3.6.4 Electrical conductivity.33
3.7 Statistical analyses_.^_m_.33
3.8 Photographkal Documentation_34
j t N_, C' 1
4. Influence of cropping systems on soil crusting and sealing: physical
and chemical constraints and effects on soil erosion and run-off_43
4.1 Physical properties of the superficial soil matrix in each treatment_._43
4.1.1 Results of penetrometer measurements.43
4.1.2 Outcome of shear strength measurements.48
4.1.3 Aggregate distribution and stability.52
4.1.4 Texture and bulk density.57
4.1.5 Direct visual observation of soil crusts and seals.58
4.2 Results of chemical soil analyses.».».».61
4.2.1 Concentration of nutrients and soil reaction on the soil surface.61
4.2.2 Influence of crop management on electrical conductivity (EC)
and its relation to chemical dispersion.66
4.2.3 Extent and amount of organic matter within the topsoil.67
4.3 Influence of treatment on soil erosion and run-off during
the research period.H.H.«.«.u«.«.«.71
4.3.1 Run-off.71
4.3.2 Soil erosion.72
4.4 Causes of crusting and sealing and impacts on superficial soil structure -_74
5. Impact of soil crusting and sealing on water resources._._.--------77
5.1 Analysis of climate._„„_.~_._™._™™.~._„.„_.„._.«.-. 77
5.1.1 Annual rainfall.78
5.1.1 Evaporation.81
5.2 Effects of crop management on soil water status._¦¦—.—¦¦¦—.¦_.¦¦.-.83
5.2.1 Development of soil water status within the research period.83
5.2.2 Soil water tension in five selected treatments.88
53 Impact of soil structural status on infiltration_.--------------94
5.3.1 Results of mini-rain-simulation and implications for infiltration.94
5.4 Influence of soil crusting on water regime---------------------------------------------------97
III
6. Effects of crop management and structural deterioration on
cassava crop yield_.------------------------.101
6.1 Influence of different fertilizers and tillage techniques on
fresh cassava root yield.101
6.1.1 Cassava yield in plots with chicken manure.'01
6.1.2 Yields in plots fertilized with mineral fertilizer.103
6.1.3 Influence of long-term treatment without fertilization on yield.104
6.1.4 Effects of tillage system on yield.105
6.1.5 Yields of plots planted with forage and legumes in 2001.105
62. Analysis of yield-characterizing factors_._.1W
6.2.1 Differences in root characteristics.107
6.2.2 Yield of biomass and Harvest Index (HI).108
6.2.3 Results of Leaf Area Index (LAI) investigation.109
63 Economic evaluation of cropping systems_._._11"
6.4 Consequences of crop management and soil structural deterioration
on cassava crop yield .*.»«.„.«.«.*."*» 11^
7. Lessons learned and recommendations for farmers and scientists_118
8. Summary - Zusammenfassung - Resumen_~_~_125
8.1 Summary: Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of
the Colombian Andes_125
8.2 Zusammenfassung: Bodenverkrustung und -verschlammung in
Landnutzungssystemen der Anden Kolumbiens_129
83 Resumen: Costramiento y sellamiento en sistemas de production
agricultura en los Andes Colombianos._«™™_._„„_133
9. Bibliography_137
APPENDIX Al_147
APPENDIX A2_165
Acknowledgement ~~~~~~~~™™~~™™.™™™,^™.^_™._M™.m^^.™.~ 194
rv |
adam_txt |
Titel: Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes
Autor: Thierfelder, Christian
Jahr: 2003
loble of Conrenfs
CONTENTS
1. Introduction. 1
2. Soil degradation - a challenge and duty for the future_._._2
2.1 Global extent of soil degradation_._._._._2
2.2 Soil erosion, its influencing factors and extent in Andean hillsides._3
13 Research objective of a former German Aid-Project_5
2.4 Definition of soil crusting and sealing._~.-.—_._._.6
2.5 Objectives of this study™_._^._„._._._._™_8
2.6 Review of literature and means of verification in this study. 9
2.6.1 Land-use and fertilization in the Andean region and possible effects on soil
crusting and sealing.9
2.6.2 Soils' modification on the soil surface due to structural changes.10
2.6.3 Form, type and kind of soil crusts and seals.10
2.6.4 Organic matter content in the first centimetres.11
2.6.5 Soil nutrients and electrical conductivity and its influences on soil crusting and
sealing.12
2.6.6 Humid tropical climate in the research region and its influence on soils
especially on the soil surface.12
2.6.7 Water balance and its influencing factors.13
2.6.8 Growth and yield of regional adapted crops.14
2.6.9 Means of verification.14
3. Material and Methods_16
3.1 Research Area and Location_.16
3.1.1 Traditional land-use systems.17
3.1.2 Climate and vegetation.17
3.1.3 Soils description.18
3.2 Layout of field experiments-------------------------------------------------------------------19
3.2.1 Structure of experimental plots.19
3.2.2 Treatments.21
I
To Die ot Con fen's
3.3 Agronomic practices .•.••••.•.•.•.•••.•.•.••••••.•.•.•.••»««««««««««.•««.»««¦¦••••¦• 23
3.3.1 Soil preparation and planting.23
3.3.2 Fertilization.23
3.3.3 Crop management.24
3.4 Field methods_25
3.4.1 Penetration resistance measurements.25
3.4.2 Shear strength.26
3.4.3 Analysis of climate.26
3.4.4 Soil water content.26
3.4.5 Tensiometer measurements.27
3.4.6 Infiltration.28
3.4.7 Collection of erosion and run-off data.28
3.4.8 Harvest yield.28
3.4.9 Soil samplings for laboratory analysis.30
3.5 Physical soil analyses_30
3.5.1 Texture.30
3.5.2 Aggregate size and distribution.30
3.5.3 Aggregate stability.31
3.5.4 Bulk density.31
3.5.5 Measurement of soil crusts and seals.31
3.6 Chemical soil analyses_32
3.6.1 Soil reaction.32
3.6.2 Organic matter.32
3.6.3 Concentration of nutrients.32
3.6.4 Electrical conductivity.33
3.7 Statistical analyses_.^_m_.33
3.8 Photographkal Documentation_34
j t N_, C' 1
4. Influence of cropping systems on soil crusting and sealing: physical
and chemical constraints and effects on soil erosion and run-off_43
4.1 Physical properties of the superficial soil matrix in each treatment_._43
4.1.1 Results of penetrometer measurements.43
4.1.2 Outcome of shear strength measurements.48
4.1.3 Aggregate distribution and stability.52
4.1.4 Texture and bulk density.57
4.1.5 Direct visual observation of soil crusts and seals.58
4.2 Results of chemical soil analyses.».».».61
4.2.1 Concentration of nutrients and soil reaction on the soil surface.61
4.2.2 Influence of crop management on electrical conductivity (EC)
and its relation to chemical dispersion.66
4.2.3 Extent and amount of organic matter within the topsoil.67
4.3 Influence of treatment on soil erosion and run-off during
the research period.H.H.«.«.u«.«.«.71
4.3.1 Run-off.71
4.3.2 Soil erosion.72
4.4 Causes of crusting and sealing and impacts on superficial soil structure -_74
5. Impact of soil crusting and sealing on water resources._._.--------77
5.1 Analysis of climate._„„_.~_._™._™™.~._„.„_.„._.«.-. 77
5.1.1 Annual rainfall.78
5.1.1 Evaporation.81
5.2 Effects of crop management on soil water status._¦¦—.—¦¦¦—.¦_.¦¦.-.83
5.2.1 Development of soil water status within the research period.83
5.2.2 Soil water tension in five selected treatments.88
53 Impact of soil structural status on infiltration_.--------------94
5.3.1 Results of mini-rain-simulation and implications for infiltration.94
5.4 Influence of soil crusting on water regime---------------------------------------------------97
III
6. Effects of crop management and structural deterioration on
cassava crop yield_.------------------------.101
6.1 Influence of different fertilizers and tillage techniques on
fresh cassava root yield.101
6.1.1 Cassava yield in plots with chicken manure.'01
6.1.2 Yields in plots fertilized with mineral fertilizer.103
6.1.3 Influence of long-term treatment without fertilization on yield.104
6.1.4 Effects of tillage system on yield.105
6.1.5 Yields of plots planted with forage and legumes in 2001.105
62. Analysis of yield-characterizing factors_._.1W
6.2.1 Differences in root characteristics.107
6.2.2 Yield of biomass and Harvest Index (HI).108
6.2.3 Results of Leaf Area Index (LAI) investigation.109
63 Economic evaluation of cropping systems_._._11"
6.4 Consequences of crop management and soil structural deterioration
on cassava crop yield .*.»«.„.«.«.*."*» 11^
7. Lessons learned and recommendations for farmers and scientists_118
8. Summary - Zusammenfassung - Resumen_~_~_125
8.1 Summary: Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of
the Colombian Andes_125
8.2 Zusammenfassung: Bodenverkrustung und -verschlammung in
Landnutzungssystemen der Anden Kolumbiens_129
83 Resumen: Costramiento y sellamiento en sistemas de production
agricultura en los Andes Colombianos._«™™_._„„_133
9. Bibliography_137
APPENDIX Al_147
APPENDIX A2_165
Acknowledgement ~~~~~~~~™™~~™™.™™™,^™.^_™._M™.m^^.™.~ 194
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spelling | Thierfelder, Christian Verfasser aut Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes Christian Thierfelder Stuttgart Univ. Hohenheim 2003 IV, 194 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hohenheimer bodenkundliche Hefte 70 Zugl.: Hohenheim, Univ., Diss., 2003. -Zsfassung in dt. und span. Sprache Bodennutzung (DE-588)4007389-0 gnd rswk-swf Verkrustung Boden (DE-588)4331624-4 gnd rswk-swf Kolumbien (DE-588)4031812-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Kolumbien (DE-588)4031812-6 g DE-604 Bodennutzung (DE-588)4007389-0 s Verkrustung Boden (DE-588)4331624-4 s Hohenheimer bodenkundliche Hefte 70 (DE-604)BV035362756 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015376941&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Thierfelder, Christian Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes Hohenheimer bodenkundliche Hefte Bodennutzung (DE-588)4007389-0 gnd Verkrustung Boden (DE-588)4331624-4 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4007389-0 (DE-588)4331624-4 (DE-588)4031812-6 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
title | Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes |
title_auth | Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes |
title_exact_search | Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes |
title_exact_search_txtP | Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes |
title_full | Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes Christian Thierfelder |
title_fullStr | Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes Christian Thierfelder |
title_full_unstemmed | Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes Christian Thierfelder |
title_short | Soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the Colombian Andes |
title_sort | soil crusting and sealing in cropping systems of the colombian andes |
topic | Bodennutzung (DE-588)4007389-0 gnd Verkrustung Boden (DE-588)4331624-4 gnd |
topic_facet | Bodennutzung Verkrustung Boden Kolumbien Hochschulschrift |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015376941&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV035362756 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT thierfelderchristian soilcrustingandsealingincroppingsystemsofthecolombianandes |