History of shock waves, explosions and impact: a chronological and biographical reference
Emphasizing phenomenological aspects, the encyclopedia comprehensively examines the evolution and current status of science dealing with percussion, shock wave physics and detonation. Many plates from original publications help to tell the story and convey the author?s fascination with the motivatio...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2009
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Emphasizing phenomenological aspects, the encyclopedia comprehensively examines the evolution and current status of science dealing with percussion, shock wave physics and detonation. Many plates from original publications help to tell the story and convey the author?s fascination with the motivations of pioneer researchers, their significant contributions and ingenious discoveries. Short biographies of eminent researchers are given, supplemented by a list of their publications plus secondary literature. A catalogue of general references provides the reader with additional biographical and bibliographical sources while more than 700 figures and 2500 references supply readers with the field?s historical roots. A must for anyone interested in the history of science and engineering, the volume provides an intelligible overview of the whole field while making every effort to clarify the concepts and terminology in this interdisciplinary field. TOC:From the Contents: 1. Introduction: Terminology and Scope.- Initiation of Percussion Research.- Early Speculations on Supersonic Phenomena.- Evolution of Shock Wave Physics.- Piercing the Sound Barrier: Myth and Reality.- Evolution of Detonation Physics.- Evolution of Seismology.- High-Speed Diagnostics.- Evolution of Computational Analyses.- Concluding Remarks.- 2. Chronology of Milestones.- 3. Picture Gallery: Shock and Percussion in Nature.- Percussion in the Technical Evolution.- Percussion Studies.- Percussion and Shock Wave Models.- Shock Wave Visualization.- Head Wave Studies.- Laval Nozzle.- Supersonic Flow Phenomena.- Supersonic Wind Tunnels.- Shock Tubes.- Shock Wave Generation.- Shock Front Analysis.- Mach Effect.- Shock Wave Effects |
| Beschreibung: | Anfangs angekündigt u.d.T.: Encyclopedia of percussion, explosions and shock waves |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 1288 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9783540206781 |
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| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Encyclopedia of percussion, explosions and shock waves |
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| 500 | |a Anfangs angekündigt u.d.T.: Encyclopedia of percussion, explosions and shock waves | ||
| 520 | |a Emphasizing phenomenological aspects, the encyclopedia comprehensively examines the evolution and current status of science dealing with percussion, shock wave physics and detonation. Many plates from original publications help to tell the story and convey the author?s fascination with the motivations of pioneer researchers, their significant contributions and ingenious discoveries. Short biographies of eminent researchers are given, supplemented by a list of their publications plus secondary literature. A catalogue of general references provides the reader with additional biographical and bibliographical sources while more than 700 figures and 2500 references supply readers with the field?s historical roots. A must for anyone interested in the history of science and engineering, the volume provides an intelligible overview of the whole field while making every effort to clarify the concepts and terminology in this interdisciplinary field. TOC:From the Contents: 1. Introduction: Terminology and Scope.- Initiation of Percussion Research.- Early Speculations on Supersonic Phenomena.- Evolution of Shock Wave Physics.- Piercing the Sound Barrier: Myth and Reality.- Evolution of Detonation Physics.- Evolution of Seismology.- High-Speed Diagnostics.- Evolution of Computational Analyses.- Concluding Remarks.- 2. Chronology of Milestones.- 3. Picture Gallery: Shock and Percussion in Nature.- Percussion in the Technical Evolution.- Percussion Studies.- Percussion and Shock Wave Models.- Shock Wave Visualization.- Head Wave Studies.- Laval Nozzle.- Supersonic Flow Phenomena.- Supersonic Wind Tunnels.- Shock Tubes.- Shock Wave Generation.- Shock Front Analysis.- Mach Effect.- Shock Wave Effects | ||
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| adam_text | Table of contents
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................... 1
GENERAL SURVEY.......................................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 TERMINOLOGY AND SCOPE................................................................................................................ 11
2.1.1 Percussion, Concussion, Impact, and Collision............................................................................ 12
2.1.2 Explosion and Implosion.............................................................................................................. 18
2.1.3 Conflagration, Deflagration, Detonation, and Detonics............................................................... 22
2.1.4 Hydraulic Jump, Bore, Surge, Tsunami, Seiche, Sea Shock, and Rogue Wave........................... 25
2.1.5 Shock and Shock Wave................................................................................................................ 28
2.1.6 Collisionless Shock Waves........................................................................................................... 33
2.1.7 Shock and Vibration..................................................................................................................... 34
2.1.8 Blast Wave, Blast, and Blasting................................................................................................... 34
2.1.9 Gas Dynamics, Rarefied Gas Dynamics, Magnetogasdynamics,
and Cosmical Gas Dynamics........................................................................................................ 36
2.2 INITIATION OF PERCUSSION RESEARCH.......................................................................................... 38
2.2.1 NaturaNon Facit Saltum.............................................................................................................. 38
2.2.2 Foundation of Dynamics.............................................................................................................. 41
Classical Percussion Research • Center of Percussion • Vis Viva Controversy
¦ Corpuscular Models • Newtonian Demonstrator
2.2.3 Further Investigations................................................................................................................... 46
Hertzian Cone • Bulb of Percussion • Conchoidal Fracture • Percussion Figures
• Percussion Marks • Percussion Force and Contact Time • Billiards • Ballistic Pendulum
22 A Applications of Percussion........................................................................................................... 49
Pile Driving, Steam Hammer • Percussion Drilling • Crushing, Fragmentation
• Fluid Jet Impact • Firearms ¦ Intense Sound Generation • Medical Diagnostics
• Biomechanics
2.3 EARLY SPECULATIONS ON SUPERSONIC PHENOMENA................................................................ 52
2.3.1 Observations in Nature: Stimulating Riddles............................................................................... 54
Thunder • Hydrometeors • Bores • Tsunamis • Surges • Earthquakes and Seaquakes
• Explosive Volcanic Eruptions • Meteorite Impact • Cosmic Shock Wave Phenomena
• Cosmic Explosion Phenomena • Cosmogonv
2.3.2 Early Man-Made Shock Generators: Tools and Toys................................................................... 69
Clapping of Hands ¦ Whip-Cracking • Snapping Belts and Snapping Towel ¦ Electric Sparks
• Musical Instruments
2.3.3 Ballistic Studies: Birth of Supersonics......................................................................................... 71
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.4 EVOLUTION OF SHOCK WAVE PHYSICS........................................................................................... 72
2.4.1 Nonlinear Acoustics..................................................................................................................... 72
2.4.2 Main Periods of Evolution........................................................................................................... 73
From 1746 to 1808 • From 1808 to 1869 ¦ From 1822 to 1893 ¦ From 1888 to 1930
• From 1930 to 1939 • From 1939 to 1949 ¦ From 1950 to the Present ¦ Documentation
and Dissemination
2.4.3 Aerial Waves of Finite Amplitude: a Challenge for Mathematicians........................................... 76
Water Waves • Approach to Shock Waves • Motivations • Superposition of Shock Waves
2.4.4 Shock Waves in Gases: First Experimental Proofs of Their Existence........................................ 80
The Roots of Gas Dynamics • First Studies of Intense Air Waves • Mach Reflection
• First Laboratory-Scale Supersonic Experiments ¦ Studies of Nozzle Outflow ¦ Wind Tunnels
• Shock Tubes
2.4.5 Shock Waves in a Liquid: the Peculiar Fluid............................................................................... 86
Shock-Induced Freezing • Liquefaction • Water Hammer, Water Ram, Hydraulic Ram
and Hydrodynamic Ram ¦ Underwater Explosions • Water Ricochets • Cavitation
• Supercavitation • Photodisruptive Effect ¦ Sonoluminescence • Electrohydraulic Effect
2.4.6 Solid-State Shock Wave Physics: Initiation by Nuclear Weaponeers.......................................... 93
Roots • Establishment and Motivations • Materials Dynamics • Dynamic Fracture
• Equations of State • Off-Hugoniot States • Stimulation of Secondary Effects
2.5 PIERCING THE SOUND BARRIER: MYTH AND REALITY................................................................ 100
2.5.1 Unmanned Vehicles: First Demonstrations of Practicability....................................................... 101
2.5.2 Manned Vehicles: from Venture to Routine................................................................................. 103
2.5.3 New Challenges, New Threats..................................................................................................... 104
2.6 EVOLUTION OF DETONATION PHYSICS........................................................................................... 105
2.6.1 Black Powder: the Maid of All Work........................................................................................... 106
2.6.2 The Riddle of Detonation: Steps Toward an Understanding........................................................ 108
High Explosives • Firing Devices ¦ Firedamp Explosions • Coal Dust Explosions
• Detonation Wave • Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) Theory • Zel dovich-von Neumann-
Doring (2ND) Theory • Complex Detonation Processes • Evolution of Chemical Kinetics
2.6.3 Detonics: the Key to Ultrahigh Shock Pressures, and New Applications.................................... 114
2.6.4 Nuclear and Thermonuclear Explosions: the Ultimate Man-Made Shock Phenomena................ 115
Milestones in Nuclear Physics • The First Types of Nuclear Bomb • U.S. Plowshare Program
• Soviet Plowshare Program • New Generations of Nuclear Weapons • Dirty Bomb Explosion
2.7 EVOLUTION OF SEISMOLOGY............................................................................................................ 119
2.7.1 Explosion Seismology Vibroseis.............................................................................................. 119
2.7.2 Seismoscopes, Seismographs, and Seismometers........................................................................ 120
2.7.3 Seismic Prospecting and Research............................................................................................... 121
2.8 HIGH-SPEED DIAGNOSTICS................................................................................................................. 122
2.8.1 Precise Time Measurement: the Crucial Condition...................................................................... 123
Chronoscopes and Chronographs • Electronic Timing Devices • Triggering
• Prerigger Framing Photography
2.8.2 Optical Methods of Visualization: the Key to a Better Understanding........................................ 127
Schlieren Methods • Shadowgraphy • Interferometry • Other Methods
2.8.3 The Soot Technique: Ingenious Black Magic ............................................................................ 130
2.8.4 High-Speed Photography and Photonics: Freezing the Instant.................................................... 130
Single-Shot Photography • High-Speed Cinematography
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.8.5 Flash X-Ray Techniques: Visualizing the Hidden........................................................................ 132
Flash Radiography • Flash X-Rav Diffraction Analysis
2.8.6 The Correct Measurement of Shock Pressure: an Evergreen Problem......................................... 133
Mechanical Gauges • Piezoelectric Gauges • Piezoresistive Gauges
• Examples of Other Methods
2.9 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS................................................................................ 137
2.9.1 The Pre-Computer Era: Triumph of Mechanical and Graphical Methods.................................... 138
Digital Mechanical Machines • Analog Mechanical Machines • Graphical Concepts
2.9.2 Revolution in Calculation: the Automatic Digital Computer....................................................... 141
Digital Electromechanical Computers • Digital Electronic Computers
2.9.3 The Tricky Problem: Treating Flow Discontinuities Numerically............................................... 144
2.10 CONCLUDING REMARKS...................................................................................................................... 146
CHRONOLOGY................................................................................................................................................. 169
Natural Shock, Explosion Impact Phenomena: Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial
Chronology: ¦ Prehistoric Times • Antiquity • Middle Ages • Modern Times
PICTURE GALLERY........................................................................................................................................ 845
4.1 SHOCK AND PERCUSSION IN NATURE........................................................................................... X47
Lunar Surface, a Result of Meteorite Impacts • Meteor Crater and Shock Metamorphism
• Asteroid Impact: Ries Basin and Steinheim Basin • Two Famous Meteorites: Ensisheim
and Murchison • Great Earthquakes: Lisbon (1755) • Great Earthquakes: San Francisco (1906)
• Explosive Volcanic Eruption: Krakatau (1883) • Explosive Volcanic Eruption: Mount St. Helens
(1980) • Plate Tectonics • Lightning and Thunder • The Riddle of Ball Lightning • Tidal Bores
• Hydraulic Jumps • Tsunami Caused by Submarine Volcanic Eruption • Tsunami Caused
by Subduction • Examples of Early Tsunami Research • The Tsunami in Indian Mythology
• Destructive Tsunami Effects • Rogue or Freak Waves • Sunspots, Solar Flares, and Prominences
• Solar Flares and Solar Quakes • Big Bang Portrait • Earth s Bow Shock ¦ Cosmic Jets, Shock Waves,
and Mach Cones ¦ Animal World
4.2 PERCUSSION IN THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY............................................................... 876
Basic Tool of Civilization • Early War Machines • Devices Based on Rapid Expansion • Devices
Based on Rapid Compression • Periodically Operating Devices • Pile Driver • Forge Steam Ram
and Explosion Ram ¦ Explosion Tamper and Wrecking Ball • Percussion Boring • Ricocheting
• Big Guns of the 19th Century • Superguns of the 20th Century
4.3 PERCUSSION STUDIES........................................................................................................................ 888
17th Century: The Pioneering Era of Percussion Research • 18th Century: Percussion Machine
for Demonstrating Central Percussion • 18th Century: Percussion Machine for Demonstrating
Oblique Percussion • 18th Century: First Ballistic Pendulum • 19th Century: Measurement
of Shock Duration • 19th Century: Corious Mathematical Studies on Billiards ¦ Oldest Known
Seismoscope and 19th-century Seismograph} ¦ 19th Century: Percussion Figures • 20th Century:
Measurement of Deformation and Force • 20th Century: Pressure-Bar Devices • 20th Century:
Taylor Test • 20th Century: Examples of Ball Percussion Studies • 20th Century: Liquids under Impact
• 20th Century: Sweet Spots of Sports Equipment ¦ 20th Century: Seismology of Nuclear Explosions
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.4 PERCUSSION AND SHOCK WAVE MODELS................................................................................... 906
Corpuscular Models and Nekton s Cradle • Shock Wave Demonstration Apparatus
• One-Dimensional Shock Wave Models • Apparatus for Demonstrating Hydraulic Jumps
• Traffic Shocks ¦ Amusing Cartoons
4.5 SHOCK WAVE VISUALIZATION....................................................................................................... 910
Toepler s Stroboscopy of Propagating Shock Waves • Antolik s Soot Method • Examples of Shock
Wave Photography in Gases • Shock Tube Studies • Whip Cracking • Muzzle Blast and Head Wave
¦ Color Schlieren Photography
4.6 HEAD WAVE STUDIES......................................................................................................................... 918
Huygens Principle of Wave-Front Construction • Doppler, Father of the Head Wave Phenomenon
• Surface Wave Pattern Produced by a Moving Body in Water • Mach and Salcher: Prelude to
a Pioneering Ballistic Experiment ¦ First Experimental Evidence • Other Optical Methods ¦ Model
Sonic Boom Studies • Pressure Measurements Around a Flying Projectile • Blunt Body Concept
• Phenomena at Hypersonic Velocities
4.7 NOZZLE STUDIES AND APPLICATIONS......................................................................................... 926
Early Safety Valve Constructions • Predecessors of Steam Turbines • Forerunners of the Laval Nozzle
• Use of the Venturi Nozzle in the First Wind Tunnel • First Use of Laval Nozzle in a Steam Turbine
m Steam Flow in a Divergent Nozzle • Laval Nozzles as Power Generators in Aeronautics
4.8 SUPERSONIC JET PHENOMENA....................................................................................................... 931
Salcher and MaCH s First Free Air Jet Studies • Emden s First Steam Jet Studies • Prandtl and
Meyer s Nozzle and Jet Studies • Thomer s First Radiographs of Detonating Shaped Charges
• Formation and Structure of Liquid Jets • Generation of Microjets • Astrophysical Jets
4.9 WIND TUNNELS..................................................................................................................................... 938
Pioneering Supersonic Devices in France and England ¦ Prewar Supersonic Facility at TH Aachen
• Continuous-Flow Closed-Circuit Supersonic Facility at ETH Zurich • Supersonic Intermittent Indraft
Facility at the German Rocket Center, Peenemunde • Slotted Throat of Supersonic Facility at NACA,
Hampton, VA • Ludwieg Tube Facility at A VA, Gottingen • First Hypervelocity Facilities
4.10 SHOCK TUBES....................................................................................................................................... 944
Vieille s Pioneering Setup • Bleakney s Triggerable Shock Tube • Special Types
4.11 SHOCK WAVE GENERATION............................................................................................................ 950
Snapping Belts and Whip Cracking • Plane-Wave Generators • Gun-Type High-Velocity Accelerators
• Other Methods • Laser-Induced Spark • Laser-Supported Detonation (LSD) ¦ Laser-Propelled
Lightcraft
4.12 SHOCK FRONT ANALYSIS.................................................................................................................. 954
In Gaseous Matter • In Space • In Solid Matter • Hydraulic Jumps in Water
4.13 MACH EFFECT...................................................................................................................................... 958
Interactions of Hydrodynamic Jumps • Shock Interactions in Gases • Shock Interactions in Liquids
• Shock Interactions in Solids
4.14 SHOCK WAVE EFFECTS..................................................................................................................... 966
Shock-Induced Creation ofPrebiotic Substances • Cavitation • Supercavitation • Condensation
• Aerodynamic Shock Heating • A-Shock Configuration • Shock Focusing • Transonic Shock
Phenomena • Aerodynamic Drag • Whitcomb s Area Rule ¦ Pseudo Supersonic Wave Effects
• Gasdynamic Laser • Shock-On-Shock Problem • Shock Wave Interactions in Metals • Shock-Induced
Solidification • Other Phenomena
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.15 SHOCK WAVE APPLICATIONS.......................................................................................................... 978
Miscellaneous • Determination of Seismic Wave Velocities • Explosion Seismology: the Mintrop Wave
• Medical Therapy ¦ Materials Research and Metal Working Industry • Oil Production Industry
4.16 EXPLOSION, IMPLOSION, AND DETONATION............................................................................. 984
Early Use of Black Powder ¦ Hollow Charge Effect • Underwater Explosions • Implosion and
Explosion in a Gas • Nuclear Implosion Device: The Gadget ¦ Examples of Nuclear Explosions
• Electric Guns ¦ Exploding Wires • Large Yield Surface Detonations • Precursor Detonation
Phenomenon • One-Dimensional Detonation Front Models • Spinning Detonation • Periodic Cell
Structure • Other Explosion Phenomena • Explosive Ablation of Biological Tissue
4.11 EXPLOSION AND DETONATION DIAGNOSTICS........................................................................... 998
Maximum Pressure of Fired Gunpowder • Maximum Pressure and Temperature • Chamber Pressure
of a Detonating Explosive • Brisance Test of Gunpowder ¦ Brisance Test of a High Explosive • Test of
Explosives Used in Mining • Dust Explosion Tester ¦ Detonation Velocity of a High Explosive
• Detonation Velocity of a Gaseous Explosion • Interior Ballistic Studies • Blast Wave Recording
• Streak Photography in Detonics ¦ Reflected-Light Photography in Detonics
4.18 OPTICAL METHODS FOR FLOW VISUALIZING........................................................................... 1008
Schlieren Photography • Shadowgraphy • Interferometry • Holography ¦ Surface Thermography
4.19 HIGH-SPEED DIAGNOSTICS.............................................................................................................. 1012
Chronoscopes and Chronographs ¦ Cathode-Ray Oscilloscopes • Time-Delay Generators • Triggered
Snapshot Photography • Rotating Mirror • Spark Chronograph}1 of a Flying Projectile • Rotating
Mirror Streak Cameras • High-Speed Cinematography
4.20 HIGH-SPEED VEHICLES...................................................................................................................... 1020
Mythologies • First Supersonic Rocket Flight • First Hypersonic Rocket Flight • First Transonic
Rocket Plane • First Supersonic Rocket Plane • Supersonic Propeller • Supersonic Transport (SST)
• Hypersonic Aircraft • Manned Spacecraft: Reentry Capsules ¦ Manned Spacecraft: Shuttles
• Rocket Sleds • Supersonic Car
4.21 MAN-MADE DISASTERS...................................................................................................................... 1028
Steam-Boiler Explosions • Firedamp Explosions • Gun Barrel Bursts • Grain Dust Explosions
• Nuclear Reactor Explosion ¦ World Trade Center: Terrorist Bomb Attack • World Trade Center:
Terrorist Aircraft Attack
BIOGRAPHIES INDEX..................................................................................................................................... 1035
F.A. Abel • J. Ackeret • G.B. Airy ¦ L. V. Al tshuler ¦ K. Astouk ¦ R.A. Becker • D. Berxoilli
• P.E.M. Berthelot ¦ HA. Bethe • W. Bleakney • C. V. Boys • P. W. Bridgmas • R. W.E. Busses
• A. Busemann• L. Carre• H. Cavendish ¦ J. Challis• D.L. Chapmas• G.G. deCor/ous¦ R. Colrant
• C.J. Cranz • L.M. Crocco ¦ H. Davy • H.B. Dixon • C.A. Doppler • W.S. Dorisc • H.L. Drydes
• P.M.M. Dvhem • G.E. Duvall • S. Earnshaw¦ L. Eui.er ¦ A. Ferri • A.A. Friedmaxs • K.O. Friedrichs
Y.A. Gagarin • G.A. Gamow • I.I. Glass • H. Glauert • V. Goldberg ¦ J.S. Hadamard • C. Haeussermaw
• R. Hermans • H.R. Hertz • A. Hertzberg • B. Hopkisson • E.P. Hubble • P.H. Hugosiot • C. Hurros
• C. HUYGENS ¦ W. JOHSSOS • J.C.E. JOUGUET • I. KANT ¦ T. VOS KaRMAS • G.B. KlSTIAKOHSKY ¦ K. KOBES
• H. Lamb • O. Laporte • C.G.P. de Laval • P.E. Le Boulesge • H.L. Le Chateuer • H.J.E. Lemaitre
• N. Lemery M.J. Lighthill • E. WJ. W. Mach • L Mach • N. V. Maiyevskii ¦ F.E. Mallard • R. Mallet
• J. M. Marc/ von Kronland • E. Mariotte • L. H.F. Melsens • M. Mersesse • V.A. Mikhel sos • L. Mintrop
¦ C.E. Munroe ¦ J.L. von Neumann • A.B. Nobel • A. Noble • A.K. Oppenheim • K. Oswatitsch • D. Papin
• W.H. Payman • S.D. Po/sson ¦ T.C. Poulter • L. Prandtl • W.J.M. Rankine • LordRayleigh o
J. W. Strutt • H. V. Regnault • G.F.B. Riemann • B. Robins • T.J. Rodman • J.S. Russell
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• A.J.C. de Saint- Venant ¦ P. Salcher ¦ R.J. Schall ¦ H. Schardin • O. von Schmidt ¦ P. Schmidt
¦ F.C. Schultz-Grunow ¦ L.I. Sedov ¦ N.N. Semenov• E.M. Shoemaker • R.I. Soloukhin • T.E. Stanton
• K.P. Stanyukovich • A.B. Stodola • G.G. Stokes • J. W. Strutt• B. Sturtevant • P.G. Tait ¦ A.H. Taub
• G.I. Taylor • A.J.I. Toepler ¦ M.A. Toepler • A.N. Tupolev ¦ P.M.E. Vieille • J. Wallis • H.M. Weber
• C. WlESELSBERGER • R. W. WOOD • C. WREN • C.E. YEAGER • Y.B. ZEL DOVICH • G. V. ZEMPLEN
¦ N.E. Zhukovsky
6 SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES............................................................................................................... 1201
6.1 GENERAL ENCYCLOPEDIAS................................................................................................................ 1203
6.2 SPECIAL ENCYCLOPEDIAS, DICTIONARIES GLOSSARIES........................................................ 1203
6.3 HANDBOOKS.......................................................................................................................................... 1205
6.4 BIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUES, DICTIONARIES, ENCYCLOPEDIAS PERIODICALS............. 1205
6.5 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUES.................................................................................................... 1207
6.6 BOOKS REVIEW ARTICLES WITH HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE................................................. 1207
Acoustics Nonlinear Acoustics • Aerodynamics, Aeronautics Astronautics • Astronomy
Astrophysics • Ballistics • Bores, Hydraulic Jumps, Solitary Waves Tsunamis • Chemistry
• Collision, Percussion Impact • Combustion Research • Computer, Early Developments
Applications ¦ Diagnostics, High-Speed Photography Scientific Instruments • Earthquakes
Seaquakes • Explosions Detonations • Fluid Dynamics Gas Dynamics • General Reviews
¦ Geology Geophysics • Hydraulics Hydrodynamics • Mathematics • Mechanics • Mining
Industry • Nuclear Weapons Development • Physics ¦ Seismology Geophysical Prospecting
• Shock Waves Blast Waves • Shock Waves in Biology Medicine • Steam Boiler Explosions
• Thermodynamics • Thunder • Volcanoes
6.7 INTERNET HOMEPAGES....................................................................................................................... 1214
Research Institutions • Technical Museums
NAME INDEX................................................................................................................................................................ 1217
SUBJECT INDEX.......................................................................................................................................................... 1257
|
| adam_txt |
Table of contents
INTRODUCTION. 1
GENERAL SURVEY. 9
2.1 TERMINOLOGY AND SCOPE. 11
2.1.1 Percussion, Concussion, Impact, and Collision. 12
2.1.2 Explosion and Implosion. 18
2.1.3 Conflagration, Deflagration, Detonation, and Detonics. 22
2.1.4 Hydraulic Jump, Bore, Surge, Tsunami, Seiche, Sea Shock, and Rogue Wave. 25
2.1.5 Shock and Shock Wave. 28
2.1.6 Collisionless Shock Waves. 33
2.1.7 Shock and Vibration. 34
2.1.8 Blast Wave, Blast, and Blasting. 34
2.1.9 Gas Dynamics, Rarefied Gas Dynamics, Magnetogasdynamics,
and Cosmical Gas Dynamics. 36
2.2 INITIATION OF PERCUSSION RESEARCH. 38
2.2.1 NaturaNon Facit Saltum. 38
2.2.2 Foundation of Dynamics. 41
Classical Percussion Research • Center of Percussion • Vis Viva Controversy
¦ Corpuscular Models • Newtonian Demonstrator
2.2.3 Further Investigations. 46
Hertzian Cone • Bulb of Percussion • Conchoidal Fracture • Percussion Figures
• Percussion Marks • Percussion Force and Contact Time • Billiards • Ballistic Pendulum
22 A Applications of Percussion. 49
Pile Driving, Steam Hammer • Percussion Drilling • Crushing, Fragmentation
• Fluid Jet Impact • Firearms ¦ Intense Sound Generation • Medical Diagnostics
• Biomechanics
2.3 EARLY SPECULATIONS ON SUPERSONIC PHENOMENA. 52
2.3.1 Observations in Nature: Stimulating Riddles. 54
Thunder • Hydrometeors • Bores • Tsunamis • Surges • Earthquakes and Seaquakes
• Explosive Volcanic Eruptions • Meteorite Impact • Cosmic Shock Wave Phenomena
• Cosmic Explosion Phenomena • Cosmogonv
2.3.2 Early Man-Made Shock Generators: Tools and Toys. 69
Clapping of Hands ¦ Whip-Cracking • Snapping Belts and Snapping Towel ¦ Electric Sparks
• Musical Instruments
2.3.3 Ballistic Studies: Birth of Supersonics. 71
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.4 EVOLUTION OF SHOCK WAVE PHYSICS. 72
2.4.1 Nonlinear Acoustics. 72
2.4.2 Main Periods of Evolution. 73
From 1746 to 1808 • From 1808 to 1869 ¦ From 1822 to 1893 ¦ From 1888 to 1930
• From 1930 to 1939 • From 1939 to 1949 ¦ From 1950 to the Present ¦ Documentation
and Dissemination
2.4.3 Aerial Waves of Finite Amplitude: a Challenge for Mathematicians. 76
Water Waves • Approach to Shock Waves • Motivations • Superposition of Shock Waves
2.4.4 Shock Waves in Gases: First Experimental Proofs of Their Existence. 80
The Roots of Gas Dynamics • First Studies of Intense Air Waves • Mach Reflection
• First Laboratory-Scale Supersonic Experiments ¦ Studies of Nozzle Outflow ¦ Wind Tunnels
• Shock Tubes
2.4.5 Shock Waves in a Liquid: the Peculiar Fluid. 86
Shock-Induced Freezing • Liquefaction • Water Hammer, Water Ram, Hydraulic Ram
and Hydrodynamic Ram ¦ Underwater Explosions • Water Ricochets • Cavitation
• Supercavitation • Photodisruptive Effect ¦ Sonoluminescence • Electrohydraulic Effect
2.4.6 Solid-State Shock Wave Physics: Initiation by Nuclear Weaponeers. 93
Roots • Establishment and Motivations • Materials Dynamics • Dynamic Fracture
• Equations of State • Off-Hugoniot States • Stimulation of Secondary Effects
2.5 PIERCING THE SOUND BARRIER: MYTH AND REALITY. 100
2.5.1 Unmanned Vehicles: First Demonstrations of Practicability. 101
2.5.2 Manned Vehicles: from Venture to Routine. 103
2.5.3 New Challenges, New Threats. 104
2.6 EVOLUTION OF DETONATION PHYSICS. 105
2.6.1 Black Powder: the Maid of All Work. 106
2.6.2 The Riddle of Detonation: Steps Toward an Understanding. 108
High Explosives • Firing Devices ¦ Firedamp Explosions • Coal Dust Explosions
• Detonation Wave • Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) Theory • Zel'dovich-von Neumann-
Doring (2ND) Theory • Complex Detonation Processes • Evolution of Chemical Kinetics
2.6.3 Detonics: the Key to Ultrahigh Shock Pressures, and New Applications. 114
2.6.4 Nuclear and Thermonuclear Explosions: the Ultimate Man-Made Shock Phenomena. 115
Milestones in Nuclear Physics • The First Types of Nuclear Bomb • U.S. Plowshare Program
• Soviet Plowshare Program • New Generations of Nuclear Weapons • 'Dirty Bomb' Explosion
2.7 EVOLUTION OF SEISMOLOGY. 119
2.7.1 Explosion Seismology Vibroseis. 119
2.7.2 Seismoscopes, Seismographs, and Seismometers. 120
2.7.3 Seismic Prospecting and Research. 121
2.8 HIGH-SPEED DIAGNOSTICS. 122
2.8.1 Precise Time Measurement: the Crucial Condition. 123
Chronoscopes and Chronographs • Electronic Timing Devices • Triggering
• Prerigger Framing Photography
2.8.2 Optical Methods of Visualization: the Key to a Better Understanding. 127
Schlieren Methods • Shadowgraphy • Interferometry • Other Methods
2.8.3 The Soot Technique: Ingenious 'Black Magic'. 130
2.8.4 High-Speed Photography and Photonics: Freezing the Instant. 130
Single-Shot Photography • High-Speed Cinematography
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.8.5 Flash X-Ray Techniques: Visualizing the Hidden. 132
Flash Radiography • Flash X-Rav Diffraction Analysis
2.8.6 The Correct Measurement of Shock Pressure: an Evergreen Problem. 133
Mechanical Gauges • Piezoelectric Gauges • Piezoresistive Gauges
• Examples of Other Methods
2.9 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS. 137
2.9.1 The Pre-Computer Era: Triumph of Mechanical and Graphical Methods. 138
Digital Mechanical Machines • Analog Mechanical Machines • Graphical Concepts
2.9.2 Revolution in Calculation: the Automatic Digital Computer. 141
Digital Electromechanical Computers • Digital Electronic Computers
2.9.3 The Tricky Problem: Treating Flow Discontinuities Numerically. 144
2.10 CONCLUDING REMARKS. 146
CHRONOLOGY. 169
Natural Shock, Explosion Impact Phenomena: Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial
Chronology: ¦ Prehistoric Times • Antiquity • Middle Ages • Modern Times
PICTURE GALLERY. 845
4.1 SHOCK AND PERCUSSION IN NATURE. X47
Lunar Surface, a Result of Meteorite Impacts • Meteor Crater and Shock Metamorphism
• Asteroid Impact: Ries Basin and Steinheim Basin • Two Famous Meteorites: Ensisheim
and Murchison • Great Earthquakes: Lisbon (1755) • Great Earthquakes: San Francisco (1906)
• Explosive Volcanic Eruption: Krakatau (1883) • Explosive Volcanic Eruption: Mount St. Helens
(1980) • Plate Tectonics • Lightning and Thunder • The Riddle of Ball Lightning • Tidal Bores
• Hydraulic Jumps • Tsunami Caused by Submarine Volcanic Eruption • Tsunami Caused
by Subduction • Examples of Early Tsunami Research • The Tsunami in Indian Mythology
• Destructive Tsunami Effects • Rogue or Freak Waves • Sunspots, Solar Flares, and Prominences
• Solar Flares and Solar Quakes • Big Bang Portrait • Earth's Bow Shock ¦ Cosmic Jets, Shock Waves,
and Mach Cones ¦ Animal World
4.2 PERCUSSION IN THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY. 876
Basic Tool of Civilization • Early War Machines • Devices Based on Rapid Expansion • Devices
Based on Rapid Compression • Periodically Operating Devices • Pile Driver • Forge Steam Ram
and Explosion Ram ¦ Explosion Tamper and Wrecking Ball • Percussion Boring • Ricocheting
• Big Guns of the 19th Century • Superguns of the 20th Century
4.3 PERCUSSION STUDIES. 888
17th Century: The Pioneering Era of Percussion Research • 18th Century: Percussion Machine
for Demonstrating Central Percussion • 18th Century: Percussion Machine for Demonstrating
Oblique Percussion • 18th Century: First Ballistic Pendulum • 19th Century: Measurement
of Shock Duration • 19th Century: Corious ' Mathematical Studies on Billiards ¦ Oldest Known
Seismoscope and 19th-century Seismograph}' ¦ 19th Century: Percussion Figures • 20th Century:
Measurement of Deformation and Force • 20th Century: Pressure-Bar Devices • 20th Century:
Taylor Test • 20th Century: Examples of Ball Percussion Studies • 20th Century: Liquids under Impact
• 20th Century: Sweet Spots of Sports Equipment ¦ 20th Century: Seismology of Nuclear Explosions
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.4 PERCUSSION AND SHOCK WAVE MODELS. 906
Corpuscular Models and Nekton 's 'Cradle' • Shock Wave Demonstration Apparatus
• One-Dimensional Shock Wave Models • Apparatus for Demonstrating Hydraulic Jumps
• Traffic Shocks ¦ Amusing Cartoons
4.5 SHOCK WAVE VISUALIZATION. 910
Toepler 's Stroboscopy of Propagating Shock Waves • Antolik 's Soot Method • Examples of Shock
Wave Photography in Gases • Shock Tube Studies • Whip Cracking • Muzzle Blast and Head Wave
¦ Color Schlieren Photography
4.6 HEAD WAVE STUDIES. 918
Huygens ' Principle of Wave-Front Construction • Doppler, Father of the Head Wave Phenomenon
• Surface Wave Pattern Produced by a Moving Body in Water • Mach and Salcher: Prelude to
a Pioneering Ballistic Experiment ¦ First Experimental Evidence • Other Optical Methods ¦ Model
Sonic Boom Studies • Pressure Measurements Around a Flying Projectile • Blunt Body Concept
• Phenomena at Hypersonic Velocities
4.7 NOZZLE STUDIES AND APPLICATIONS. 926
Early Safety Valve Constructions • Predecessors of Steam Turbines • Forerunners of the Laval Nozzle
• Use of the Venturi Nozzle in the First Wind Tunnel • First Use of Laval Nozzle in a Steam Turbine
m Steam Flow in a Divergent Nozzle • Laval Nozzles as Power Generators in Aeronautics
4.8 SUPERSONIC JET PHENOMENA. 931
Salcher and MaCH's First Free Air Jet Studies • Emden's First Steam Jet Studies • Prandtl and
Meyer 's Nozzle and Jet Studies • Thomer s First Radiographs of Detonating Shaped Charges
• Formation and Structure of Liquid Jets • Generation of Microjets • Astrophysical Jets
4.9 WIND TUNNELS. 938
Pioneering Supersonic Devices in France and England ¦ Prewar Supersonic Facility at TH Aachen
• Continuous-Flow Closed-Circuit Supersonic Facility at ETH Zurich • Supersonic Intermittent Indraft
Facility at the German Rocket Center, Peenemunde • Slotted Throat of Supersonic Facility at NACA,
Hampton, VA • Ludwieg Tube Facility at A VA, Gottingen • First Hypervelocity Facilities
4.10 SHOCK TUBES. 944
Vieille 's Pioneering Setup • Bleakney 's Triggerable Shock Tube • Special Types
4.11 SHOCK WAVE GENERATION. 950
Snapping Belts and Whip Cracking • Plane-Wave Generators • Gun-Type High-Velocity Accelerators
• Other Methods • Laser-Induced Spark • Laser-Supported Detonation (LSD) ¦ Laser-Propelled
Lightcraft'
4.12 SHOCK FRONT ANALYSIS. 954
In Gaseous Matter • In Space • In Solid Matter • Hydraulic Jumps in Water
4.13 MACH EFFECT. 958
Interactions of Hydrodynamic Jumps • Shock Interactions in Gases • Shock Interactions in Liquids
• Shock Interactions in Solids
4.14 SHOCK WAVE EFFECTS. 966
Shock-Induced Creation ofPrebiotic Substances • Cavitation • Supercavitation • Condensation
• Aerodynamic Shock Heating • A-Shock Configuration • Shock Focusing • Transonic Shock
Phenomena • Aerodynamic Drag • Whitcomb 's Area Rule ¦ Pseudo Supersonic Wave Effects
• Gasdynamic Laser • Shock-On-Shock Problem • Shock Wave Interactions in Metals • Shock-Induced
Solidification • Other Phenomena
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.15 SHOCK WAVE APPLICATIONS. 978
Miscellaneous • Determination of Seismic Wave Velocities • Explosion Seismology: the Mintrop Wave
• Medical Therapy ¦ Materials Research and Metal Working Industry • Oil Production Industry
4.16 EXPLOSION, IMPLOSION, AND DETONATION. 984
Early Use of Black Powder ¦ Hollow Charge Effect • Underwater Explosions • Implosion and
Explosion in a Gas • Nuclear Implosion Device: The 'Gadget' ¦ Examples of Nuclear Explosions
• Electric Guns ¦ Exploding Wires • Large Yield Surface Detonations • Precursor Detonation
Phenomenon • One-Dimensional Detonation Front Models • Spinning Detonation • Periodic Cell
Structure • Other Explosion Phenomena • Explosive Ablation of Biological Tissue
4.11 EXPLOSION AND DETONATION DIAGNOSTICS. 998
Maximum Pressure of Fired Gunpowder • Maximum Pressure and Temperature • Chamber Pressure
of a Detonating Explosive • Brisance Test of Gunpowder ¦ Brisance Test of a High Explosive • Test of
Explosives Used in Mining • Dust Explosion Tester ¦ Detonation Velocity of a High Explosive
• Detonation Velocity of a Gaseous Explosion • Interior Ballistic Studies • Blast Wave Recording
• Streak Photography in Detonics ¦ Reflected-Light Photography in Detonics
4.18 OPTICAL METHODS FOR FLOW VISUALIZING. 1008
Schlieren Photography • Shadowgraphy • Interferometry • Holography ¦ Surface Thermography
4.19 HIGH-SPEED DIAGNOSTICS. 1012
Chronoscopes and Chronographs ¦ Cathode-Ray Oscilloscopes • Time-Delay Generators • Triggered
Snapshot Photography • Rotating Mirror • Spark Chronograph}1 of a Flying Projectile • Rotating
Mirror Streak Cameras • High-Speed Cinematography
4.20 HIGH-SPEED VEHICLES. 1020
Mythologies • First Supersonic Rocket Flight • First Hypersonic Rocket Flight • First Transonic
Rocket Plane • First Supersonic Rocket Plane • Supersonic Propeller • Supersonic Transport (SST)
• Hypersonic Aircraft • Manned Spacecraft: Reentry Capsules ¦ Manned Spacecraft: Shuttles
• Rocket Sleds • Supersonic Car
4.21 MAN-MADE DISASTERS. 1028
Steam-Boiler Explosions • Firedamp Explosions • Gun Barrel Bursts • Grain Dust Explosions
• Nuclear Reactor Explosion ¦ World Trade Center: Terrorist Bomb Attack • World Trade Center:
Terrorist Aircraft Attack
BIOGRAPHIES INDEX. 1035
F.A. Abel • J. Ackeret • G.B. Airy ¦ L. V. Al 'tshuler ¦ K. Astouk ¦ R.A. Becker • D. Berxoilli
• P.E.M. Berthelot ¦ HA. Bethe • W. Bleakney • C. V. Boys • P. W. Bridgmas • R. W.E. Busses
• A. Busemann• L. Carre• H. Cavendish ¦ J. Challis• D.L. Chapmas• G.G. deCor/ous¦ R. Colrant
• C.J. Cranz • L.M. Crocco ¦ H. Davy • H.B. Dixon • C.A. Doppler • W.S. Dorisc • H.L. Drydes
• P.M.M. Dvhem • G.E. Duvall • S. Earnshaw¦ L. Eui.er ¦ A. Ferri • A.A. Friedmaxs • K.O. Friedrichs
' Y.A. Gagarin • G.A. Gamow • I.I. Glass • H. Glauert • V. Goldberg ¦ J.S. Hadamard • C. Haeussermaw
• R. Hermans • H.R. Hertz • A. Hertzberg • B. Hopkisson • E.P. Hubble • P.H. Hugosiot • C. Hurros
• C. HUYGENS ¦ W. JOHSSOS • J.C.E. JOUGUET • I. KANT ¦ T. VOS KaRMAS • G.B. KlSTIAKOHSKY ¦ K. KOBES
• H. Lamb • O. Laporte • C.G.P. de Laval • P.E. Le Boulesge • H.L. Le Chateuer • H.J.E. Lemaitre
• N. Lemery ' M.J. Lighthill • E. WJ. W. Mach • L Mach • N. V. Maiyevskii ¦ F.E. Mallard • R. Mallet
• J. M. Marc/ von Kronland • E. Mariotte • L. H.F. Melsens • M. Mersesse • V.A. Mikhel 'sos • L. Mintrop
¦ C.E. Munroe ¦ J.L. von Neumann • A.B. Nobel • A. Noble • A.K. Oppenheim • K. Oswatitsch • D. Papin
• W.H. Payman • S.D. Po/sson ¦ T.C. Poulter • L. Prandtl • W.J.M. Rankine • LordRayleigh o
J. W. Strutt • H. V. Regnault • G.F.B. Riemann • B. Robins • T.J. Rodman • J.S. Russell
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• A.J.C. de Saint- Venant ¦ P. Salcher ¦ R.J. Schall ¦ H. Schardin • O. von Schmidt ¦ P. Schmidt
¦ F.C. Schultz-Grunow ¦ L.I. Sedov ¦ N.N. Semenov• E.M. Shoemaker • R.I. Soloukhin • T.E. Stanton
• K.P. Stanyukovich • A.B. Stodola • G.G. Stokes • J. W. Strutt• B. Sturtevant • P.G. Tait ¦ A.H. Taub
• G.I. Taylor • A.J.I. Toepler ¦ M.A. Toepler • A.N. Tupolev ¦ P.M.E. Vieille • J. Wallis • H.M. Weber
• C. WlESELSBERGER • R. W. WOOD • C. WREN • C.E. YEAGER • Y.B. ZEL 'DOVICH • G. V. ZEMPLEN
¦ N.E. Zhukovsky
6 SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES. 1201
6.1 GENERAL ENCYCLOPEDIAS. 1203
6.2 SPECIAL ENCYCLOPEDIAS, DICTIONARIES GLOSSARIES. 1203
6.3 HANDBOOKS. 1205
6.4 BIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUES, DICTIONARIES, ENCYCLOPEDIAS PERIODICALS. 1205
6.5 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUES. 1207
6.6 BOOKS REVIEW ARTICLES WITH HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE. 1207
Acoustics Nonlinear Acoustics • Aerodynamics, Aeronautics Astronautics • Astronomy
Astrophysics • Ballistics • Bores, Hydraulic Jumps, Solitary Waves Tsunamis • Chemistry
• Collision, Percussion Impact • Combustion Research • Computer, Early Developments
Applications ¦ Diagnostics, High-Speed Photography Scientific Instruments • Earthquakes
Seaquakes • Explosions Detonations • Fluid Dynamics Gas Dynamics • General Reviews
¦ Geology Geophysics • Hydraulics Hydrodynamics • Mathematics • Mechanics • Mining
Industry • Nuclear Weapons Development • Physics ¦ Seismology Geophysical Prospecting
• Shock Waves Blast Waves • Shock Waves in Biology Medicine • Steam Boiler Explosions
• Thermodynamics • Thunder • Volcanoes
6.7 INTERNET HOMEPAGES. 1214
Research Institutions • Technical Museums
NAME INDEX. 1217
SUBJECT INDEX. 1257 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Krehl, Peter O. K. |
| author_facet | Krehl, Peter O. K. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Krehl, Peter O. K. |
| author_variant | p o k k pok pokk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021998601 |
| classification_rvk | UF 6400 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)271634317 (DE-599)BVBBV021998601 |
| dewey-full | 541.361 531.1133 660.2961 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 541 - Physical chemistry 531 - Classical mechanics 660 - Chemical engineering |
| dewey-raw | 541.361 531.1133 660.2961 |
| dewey-search | 541.361 531.1133 660.2961 |
| dewey-sort | 3541.361 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences 530 - Physics 660 - Chemical engineering |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV021998601 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:11:13Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:49:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783540206781 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015213222 |
| oclc_num | 271634317 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-706 DE-210 DE-12 DE-703 DE-83 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-706 DE-210 DE-12 DE-703 DE-83 DE-11 |
| physical | XXII, 1288 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Krehl, Peter O. K. Verfasser aut History of shock waves, explosions and impact a chronological and biographical reference Peter O. K. Krehl Encyclopedia of percussion, explosions and shock waves Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2009 XXII, 1288 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Anfangs angekündigt u.d.T.: Encyclopedia of percussion, explosions and shock waves Emphasizing phenomenological aspects, the encyclopedia comprehensively examines the evolution and current status of science dealing with percussion, shock wave physics and detonation. Many plates from original publications help to tell the story and convey the author?s fascination with the motivations of pioneer researchers, their significant contributions and ingenious discoveries. Short biographies of eminent researchers are given, supplemented by a list of their publications plus secondary literature. A catalogue of general references provides the reader with additional biographical and bibliographical sources while more than 700 figures and 2500 references supply readers with the field?s historical roots. A must for anyone interested in the history of science and engineering, the volume provides an intelligible overview of the whole field while making every effort to clarify the concepts and terminology in this interdisciplinary field. TOC:From the Contents: 1. Introduction: Terminology and Scope.- Initiation of Percussion Research.- Early Speculations on Supersonic Phenomena.- Evolution of Shock Wave Physics.- Piercing the Sound Barrier: Myth and Reality.- Evolution of Detonation Physics.- Evolution of Seismology.- High-Speed Diagnostics.- Evolution of Computational Analyses.- Concluding Remarks.- 2. Chronology of Milestones.- 3. Picture Gallery: Shock and Percussion in Nature.- Percussion in the Technical Evolution.- Percussion Studies.- Percussion and Shock Wave Models.- Shock Wave Visualization.- Head Wave Studies.- Laval Nozzle.- Supersonic Flow Phenomena.- Supersonic Wind Tunnels.- Shock Tubes.- Shock Wave Generation.- Shock Front Analysis.- Mach Effect.- Shock Wave Effects Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Explosions Shock waves Wissenschaft (DE-588)4066562-8 gnd rswk-swf Explosion (DE-588)4016009-9 gnd rswk-swf Stoßwelle (DE-588)4057760-0 gnd rswk-swf Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd rswk-swf Wellenlehre (DE-588)4322769-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Stoßwelle (DE-588)4057760-0 s Geschichte z DE-604 Explosion (DE-588)4016009-9 s Wellenlehre (DE-588)4322769-7 s Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 s Wissenschaft (DE-588)4066562-8 s b DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015213222&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Krehl, Peter O. K. History of shock waves, explosions and impact a chronological and biographical reference Explosions Shock waves Wissenschaft (DE-588)4066562-8 gnd Explosion (DE-588)4016009-9 gnd Stoßwelle (DE-588)4057760-0 gnd Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd Wellenlehre (DE-588)4322769-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4066562-8 (DE-588)4016009-9 (DE-588)4057760-0 (DE-588)4017894-8 (DE-588)4322769-7 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | History of shock waves, explosions and impact a chronological and biographical reference |
| title_alt | Encyclopedia of percussion, explosions and shock waves |
| title_auth | History of shock waves, explosions and impact a chronological and biographical reference |
| title_exact_search | History of shock waves, explosions and impact a chronological and biographical reference |
| title_exact_search_txtP | History of shock waves, explosions and impact a chronological and biographical reference |
| title_full | History of shock waves, explosions and impact a chronological and biographical reference Peter O. K. Krehl |
| title_fullStr | History of shock waves, explosions and impact a chronological and biographical reference Peter O. K. Krehl |
| title_full_unstemmed | History of shock waves, explosions and impact a chronological and biographical reference Peter O. K. Krehl |
| title_short | History of shock waves, explosions and impact |
| title_sort | history of shock waves explosions and impact a chronological and biographical reference |
| title_sub | a chronological and biographical reference |
| topic | Explosions Shock waves Wissenschaft (DE-588)4066562-8 gnd Explosion (DE-588)4016009-9 gnd Stoßwelle (DE-588)4057760-0 gnd Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd Wellenlehre (DE-588)4322769-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Explosions Shock waves Wissenschaft Explosion Stoßwelle Forschung Wellenlehre Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015213222&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT krehlpeterok historyofshockwavesexplosionsandimpactachronologicalandbiographicalreference AT krehlpeterok encyclopediaofpercussionexplosionsandshockwaves |