Non-topographic photogrammetry:
Saved in:
| Other Authors: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Falls Church, Va.
1989
|
| Edition: | 2. ed. |
| Series: | Science and engineering series
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXIII, 445 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0944426107 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000zc 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV021896531 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20040301000000.0 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 910319s1989 a||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 0944426107 |9 0-944426-10-7 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)18289867 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV021896531 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-706 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a TR693 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 526.9/82 |2 19 | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Non-topographic photogrammetry |c American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Ed.-in-chief: H. M. Karara. Contr.: L. P. Adams |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Falls Church, Va. |c 1989 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 445 S. |b zahlr. Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Science and engineering series | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Photogrammétrie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Photogrammetry | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Fotogrammetrie |0 (DE-588)4045892-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Fotogrammetrie |0 (DE-588)4045892-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Karara, H. M. |4 edt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Adams, L. P. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 710 | 2 | |a American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)601409-4 |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HEBIS Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015111714&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015111714 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804135841525661696 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Non-Topographic Photogrammetry
Second Edition
Editor-in-Chief
H M Karara
Contributors:
L P Adams, R R Adams, K B Atkinson, R A Baldwin, Y Bar-Cohen, D C
Brown, A W Burner, Jr , M Carbonnell, S F El-Hakim, W Faig, C S Fraser, W
Frobin, J G Fryer, H Fuchs, S K Ghosh, R E Herron, E Hierholzer, Z Jaksic, H
M Karara, V Kratky, J C McGlone, E M Mikhail, C W Miles, F H Moffitt, I
Newton, F C Paderes, Jr ,JR Pekelsky, R J Pryputniewicz, R R Real, G R
Robertson, H Ruther, D B Sheffer, G C Tewinkel, AKI Torlegard, M C van
Wijk, S A Veress, W Wester-Ebbinghaus, J Whitnall
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR
PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Contents
FOREWORD v
EDITOR S PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii
CHAPTER 1
AN INTRODUCTION TO NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: H M Karara
1-1 Introduction I
1-2 The Development of Photogrammetry 1
1-2 1 The First Cycle: 1850-1900 2
The Origins of Non-Topographic Photogrammetry 2
1-2 2 The Era of Analog Photogrammetry, 1900-1960 2
1-2 3 The Evolution of Analytical Photogrammetry: 1960 Onward 3
1-2 4 From Analytical to Digital Photogrammetry: 1980 Onward 3
1-3 Emerging Trends in Non-Topographic Photogrammetry 4
1-4 References and Selected Bibliography 4
CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION TO METROLOGY CONCEPTS:
AUTHOR: Edward M Mikhail
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: J Chris McGlone and Fidel C Paderes, Jr
2-1 Introduction 7
2-2 Basic Geometric Concepts of Photogrammetry 7
2-2 1 Geometry of a Single Frame Photograph 8
2-2 2 Geometry of Multiple Frame Photographs 9
2-2 3 Multiple Theodolite/CCD Camera System 10
2-3 Photogrammetric Data-Reduction Systems 11
2-3 1 Analog Systems 11
2-3 2 Analytical Systems 11
2-3 3 Digital Systems 11
2-4 Photogrammetric Products 12
2-5 Specialized Metrology Systems 12
2-6 Concluding Remarks 13
2-7 References and Selected Bibliography 14
2-8 Acknowledgements 14
CHAPTER 3
INSTRUMENTATION FOR NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: K B Atkinson
3-1 Introduction • • • 15
3-2 Photographic Data Acquisition 15
3-2 1 Single Cameras 15
Single Cameras: Specific Details 17
Hasselblad MK70 17
Rolleiflex 6006 18
Zeiss (Jena) UMK 10/1318 18
Kelsh K-470 19
Wild P31 20
Wild P32 20
IX
CONTENTS
Polaroid 600SE 21
Geodetic Services CRC-1 21
Centrax Camera 22
3-2 2 Stereomatic Cameras 23
Stereometric Cameras: Specific Details 25
Zeiss (Jena) 10/13118 25
Kelsh K-460 26
Pentax ST-120V 26
3-2 3 Non-Metric Cameras 27
3-3 Data Reduction 27
3-3 1 The Analog Approach 28
3-3 2 The Analytical Approach 29
Monocomparators 29
Geodetic Services AutoSet-1 29
National Physical Laboratory Plate Measuring Facilities 29
Rollei RSI 30
Stereocomparators 30
Ross SFS-3 30
Minicomparator of the Royal Institute of Technology 31
Pentax PAMS 31
Suciba MPS-2 31
Analytical Plotters 31
MACO 35/70 32
Digital Sterophotogrammetric System 33
Unconventional Instrumentation 33
Reflex Metrograph and Reflex Microscope 33
Moire Contourgraph 34
Two-Dimensional Cartographic Digitizers 34
3-4 References and Selected Biography 35
CHAPTER 4
ANALYTIC DATA-REDUCTION SCHEMES IN NON-TOPOGRAPHIC
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: J Chris McGlone
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: Edward M Mikhail, Fidel C Paderes, Jr
4-1 Introduction _ 37
4-1 1 Description of the Problem 37
4-1 2 Overview of the Photogrammetric Problem 37
4-2 Correction of Systematic Errors 38
4-2 1 Comparator Calibration 38
4-2 2 Image Deformation 39
4-2 3 Lens Distortion 39
Radial Lens Distortion 40
Decentering Distortion 40
4-2 4 Atmospheric or Underwater Refraction 41
4-3 Collinearity Adjustment 41
4-3 1 Exterior Orientation 41
4-3 2 The Collinearity Equation 42
4-3 3 Solution of the Photogrammetric Problem (The Bundle Method) 43
4-3 4 Approximation Generation 45
4-3 5 The Coplanarity Equation 45
4-3 6 Parallax Equations 46
4-4 The Direct Linear Transformation 46
4-5 Other Mathematical Approaches 48
4-5 1 Homogeneous Coordinates 48
4-5 2 Single Photo Solutions 48
4-6 Coordinate Transformations 48
4-6 1 Two-Dimensional Coordinate Transformations 48
Two-Dimensional Similarity Transformation 48
Two-Dimensional Affine Transformation 49
x
CONTENTS
Two-Dimensional Projective Transformation 49
Two-Dimensional Polynomial Transformation 49
4-6 2 Three-Dimensional Similarity Transformation 49
Mathematical Model 49
Calculation of the Transformation 49
4-7 The Use of Constraints in Non-Topographic Photogrammetry 49
4-7 1 Camera Geometric Constraints 50
4-7 2 Object-Space Geometric Constraints 50
4-7 3 Object-Space Relative Constraints 50
4-7 4 Effect of Constraints on the Degrees of Freedom 51
4-8 Evaluation of the Results of a Solution 51
4-8 1 Evaluation of Accuracy 51
4-8 2 Evaluation of Precision 51
4-8 3 Evaluation of Reliability 52
4-8 4 Evaluation of Digital Imagery 53
Quantization of the Digital Image 53
Exploitation of Digital Imagery 54
Evaluation of the Acquisition of Digital Imagery 54
Evalution of the Effects of Image Processing 54
Evaluation of the Exploitation of the Imagery 54
4-9 Testing for Gross Errors 54
4-10 References and Selected Bibliography 55
CHAPTER 5
CAMERA CALIBRATION IN NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: John G Fryer
5-1 Introduction 59
5-2 Definitions 59
5-2 1 Principal Distance 59
5-2 2 Principal Point of Autocollimation 59
5-2 3 Fiducial Center 59
5-2 4 Radial Distortion 59
Description 59
Formulae 60
Variation with Focusing and within the Photographic Field 60
5-2 5 Decentering Distortion 61
Description 61
Formulae 61
5-3 Methods of Camera Calibration 62
5-3 1 Laboratory Calibration 62
Optical Laboratory Calibration 62
Test Range Calibration 62
5-3 2 On-the-job Calibration 64
5-3 3 Self-Calibration 65
5-3 4 Other Methods of Camera Calibration 66
Analytical Plumb-Line Calibration 66
Stellar Calibration 67
5-4 Summary 67
5-5 References and Selected Bibliography 68
CHAPTER 6
NON-METRIC AND SEMI-METRIC CAMERAS: DATA REDUCTION
AUTHOR: W Faig
6-1 Introduction 71
6-2 Associated Problems and Possible Solutions 71
6-2 1 Problems 71
6-2 2 Possible Solutions 72
CONTENTS
6-3 Concepts of Data Reduction and Evaluation of Non-Metric and Semi-Metric Photography 72
6-3 1 Analog Approaches 72
6-3 2 Analytical Approaches 73
6-3 3 Semi-Analytical Approaches 74
6-4 Selected Software Systems Designed for Non-Metric Photography 74
6-4-1 STARS (Simultaneous Triangulation and Resection System) 74
6-4 2 GEBAT-V (General Bundle Adjustment Triangulation—Photo-Variant) 75
6-4 3 BINGO (Bundelausgleichung fur INGenieurOBjekte—Bundle Adjustment for Engineering Applications 76
6-4-4 DLT (Direct Linear Transformation) 76
6-4 5 Some Other Software Packages 77
6-5 Concluding Remarks 77
6-6 References and Selected Bibliography 78
CHAPTER 7
THEORY OF IMAGE COORDINATE ERRORS
AUTHOR: A Kennert I Torlegard
7-1 Introduction 81
7-2 The Functional (Deterministic) Part of the Mathematical Model 81
7-3 The Stochastic Part of the Mathematical Model 82
7-4 Elementary Errors 83
7-4 1 Straightness of Rays 83
7-4 2 Emulsion Flatness 85
7-4-3 Film Shrinkage 85
7-4-4 Atmospheric Refraction 86
7-4-5 Instrument and Operator 87
7-4-6 Given Coordinates and Targeting 88
7-5 Variance Component Model 89
7-6 Distribution of the Coordinate Error 90
7-7 The Covariance of Errors of Pairs of Points 90
7-8 Correlation between Errors of Different Photographs 91
7-9 Conclusion 92
7-10 References and Selected Biography 92
CHAPTER 8
OPTIMIZATION OF NETWORKS IN NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: Clive S Fraser
8-1 Introduction 95
8-2 Classification of Design Stages 95
8-2 1 Mathematical Background 95
8-2 2 Zero-Order Design 96
8-2 3 First-Order Design 96
8-2 4 Second-Order Design 96
8-2 5 Third-Order Design 97
8-3 ZOD—The Datum Problem 97
8-3 1 Observables and the Coordinate Datum 97
8-3 2 The Main Solution 97
8-3 3 Limiting Error Propagation 97
8-3 4 S-Transformations 98
8-3 5 Variation in Precision with Changes in the Datum 98
8-4 FOD—The Configuration Problem 100
8-4-1 Introductory Remarks 100
8-4-2 Imaging Geometry 100
8-4-3 Reliability Consideration for Imaging Geometry 101
8-4-4 Base/Distance Ratio 102
8-4-5 Number of Camera Stations 102
8-4-6 Multiple Exposures 102
xii
CONTENTS
8-4 7 Number of Points 103
8-4 8 Target Clusters 103
8-4 9 Image Scale and Focal Length 103
8-4 10 Self-Calibration Parameters 103
8-5 SOD—The Weight Problem 104
8-6 TOD—The Densification Problem 104
8-7 Design Through Simulation 104
8-7 1 A Procedure for Design 104
8-7 2 The STARS Simulator 105
8-8 Concluding Remarks 105
8-9 References and Selected Bibliography 105
CHAPTER 9
ON-LINE NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: V Kratky
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: Z Jaksic , H Fuchs
9-1 On-Line Photogrammetric Systems 107
9-1 1 Background Information 107
Classification of Photogrammetric Processing 107
On-Line Analytical Systems 107
9-1 2 Main Operational Features of On-Line Photogrammetric Systems 108
Real-Time Positioning of Photographs 108
Modes of Operation 108
Stereocomparator Mode 108
Plotter Mode 108
Combined Mode 109
9 2 Characteristics of Close-Range Tasks 109
9-3 Analytical Formulations 110
9-3 1 General Concepts 110
9-3 2 Image Geometry 110
9-3 3 Model Reconstruction 110
Effects of the On-Line Operational Environment 110
Universal Mathematical Formulation Ill
Solution Constraints 112
9-3 4 Detailed CompilaTton 113
9-4 Additional Functions of Advanced On-Line Systems 114
9-4 1 Operator-System Interaction 114
9-4 2 Supporting Operations 114
Data Management 114
Data Editing 114
Data Quality Control 115
Ancillary Operations 115
9-4 3 Model Restoration 116
9-5 Universal Solutions 116
9-5 1 Concepts of Optimal System Design 116
Design Requirements for Universal Systems 116
Generalized Software Elements for Universal Solutions 117
Multi-Model Technique 117
9-5 2 Examples of Existing Software Systems 119
NRC Close-Range Software 119
Orientation with No Constraints 120
Orientation with Base Constraint 121
Orientation with Coordinate Constraints 121
Orientation with Relative Constraint 121
Orientation and Calibration 121
Relative Orientation 122
CRISP Close-Range Software 122
General Characteristics 123
Formulations 123
xiii
CONTENTS
Task Management 125
BINGO Close-Range Software 126
9-6 References and Selected Bibliography 126
CHAPTER 10
AN OVERVIEW OF SOFTWARE IN NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: H Ruther
10-1 Introduction 129
10-2 Description of Close-Range Software Packages 129
10-2 1 STAR 130
Pre-Processing 130
Mathematical Model 130
Normal Equation Formation and Inversion 130
Self-Calibration 130
Special Features 130
Simulation Mode 130
Supporting Software 130
10-2 2 CRABS-ESP 131
Mathematical Formulation 131
Normal Equation Formation and Solution 131
Simulation 131
Supporting Software 131
Program Supported Image Observation Subprogram 131
Concluding Remarks 131
10-2 3 GEBAT-V 131
Mathematical Formulation 131
Normal Equation Formation and Solution 131
Special Features of GEBAT-V 131
10-2 4 TBO, XYZBLC, and BUNGEN 132
10-2 5 BINGO 132
Pre-processing 132
Mathematical Formulation 132
Provisional Values 132
Geodetic Constraints 132
Formation of Normal-Equation Matrix and Solution 133
Concluding Remarks 133
10-2 6 BINGO—WILD Version 133
10-2 7 MOR 133
The Mathematical Model and Special Features 133
10-2 8 DLT 134
Mathematical Formulation 134
10-2 9 ORIENT 134
Pre-Analysis, Error Detection, and Provisional Unknowns 134
Mathematical Formulation 134
Special Features and Fictitious Observations 134
10-2 10 GENTRI, ISCS, IDAC, IDA3D, IDAP, PRECILYT 134
10-2 11 BITRI, BUND, IMOR, MBOP, PHANAL, PROTRAN, SPGA 135
10-2 12 CRISP, BLUH, MACO 35/70, TRIBA, ORI/SORA-PR 135
10-3 Table of Close-Range Photogrammetric Software 135
10-4 References and Selected Bibliography 142
CHAPTER 11
UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: I Newton
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: R A Baldwin, J G Fryer
11-1 Introduction 147
11-2 Optical Considerations 147
xiv
CONTENTS
11-2 1 Light Transmission in Water 147
11-2 2 Loss of Image Contrast and Resolution 147
11-2 3 The Refractive Index of Water 148
11-2 4 Optical Systems for In-Water Photogrammetry 148
Geometric Optics for Lenses in Water 148
Front Port Systems 149
Underwater Lenses 150
11-2 5 Optical Systems for Through-Water Photogrammetry 150
11-3 In-Water Photogrammetry 150
11-3 1 Data Acquisition 150
Underwater Cameras 150
Underwater Camera Calibration 151
Underwater Lighting 152
Films for Underwater Photography 152
Underwater Work Systems 153
Diving Operations 153
Underwater Vehicles 154
Selection of the Work System 154
Underwater Control 155
Taking the Photographs 155
11-3 2 Data Reduction 155
Analog Methods 155
Analytical Methods 156
Analytical Relative Orientation with Scaling 156
Projective Transformation and Intersection 156
Multi-Station Self-Calibration 157
11-3 3 Applications 157
Archeological Surveys 158
Marine Biological Surveys 158
Sea Bed Surveys 158
Submarine Structure Surveys 159
11-4 Through-Water Photogrammetry 160
11-4 1 Data Acquisition 160
11-4 2 Data Reduction 160
Geometry for a Planar Surface 160
Analog Instruments for Two-Media Photogrammetry 161
Two-Media Photogrammetry with an Analytical Plotter 161
Geometry for a Non-Planar Interface 162
Practical Estimates of the Accuracy of Through-Water Depths 162
11-4-3 Applications 163
11-5 Conclusions 163
11-6 References and Selected Bibliography 163
CHAPTER 12
X-RAY PHOTOGRAMMETRY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS
AUTHOR: S A Veress
12-1 Image Formation 167
12-2 Degradation of X-Ray Images 167
12-2 1 X-Ray Films 168
12-2 2 Film Unflatness 168
12-2 3 Effect of Double Emulsion 169
12-2 4 X-Ray Refraction 169
12-2 5 Penumbra Effect 169
12-3 Calibration of X-Ray Systems 170
12-3 1 McNeil s Method 170
12-3 2 Jonason and Hindmarsh Apparatus 170
12-3 3 Agnoletto-Pagani Method 171
12-3 4 Moffitt s Principal Point Locater 171
12-4 Object and Object-Space Control 172
XV
CONTENTS
12-4 1 Targeting the Object
12-4 2 Calibration Triangle
12-4-3 Bi Plane System
12-4-4 A Convergent System
12-4-5 Variable Geometry System
12-5 Reduction of Radiographs
12-5 1 Stereo X-Ray Photogrammetry
12-5 2 Measurement of Radiographs
12-5 3 Mathematical Models
Stereo X-Ray Mathematical Model
The Cleveland System
The Photogrammetric System
The Seattle System
12-6 Applications of X-Ray Photogrammetry
12-6 1 Deformation of Patellar Motion
12-6 2 Prosthesis Loosening in Joint Replacement
12-6 3 Spinal Analysis
12-6 4 Other Applications
12-7 References and Selected Bibliography
CHAPTER 13
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
AUTHOR: Sanjib K Ghosh
13-1 Introduction
13-1 1 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
13-1 2 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
13-2 Geometric Aspects
13-2 1 Coordinate Systems
Photo Coordinates (x,) )
Model Coordinates (X ,Y ,Z )
Object Coordinates (X,Y,Z)
13-2 2 Coordinate Transformations
Similarity Transformation
Polynomial Transformation
13-2 3 Projections and Distortions
Parallel Projection
Perspective Projection
Distortions
Perspective Distortion
Scale Distortion
Radial Distortion
Spiral Distortion
Tangential Distortion
13-2 4 Stereomodel
13-2 5 Calibration of an EM System
13-3 Measuring Instruments
13-3 1 Analog Instruments
Instruments Designed for EM Applications Only
Analog Stereo Instruments
13-3 2 Analytical Plotters
Precision Analytical Plotters
Approximate Analytical Plotters
Comparators
13-4 Photogrammetry for Single Specimens
13-4-1 SEM Applications
13-4-2 TEM Applications
13-4-3 Combining Data from both SEM and TEM
13-5 References and Selected Bibliography
xvi
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 14
HOLOGRAMMETRY: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
AUTHOR: RyszardJ Pryputniewicz
14-1 Introduction 203
14-2 Fundamentals of Hologrammetry 203
14-3 Types of Hologrammetry 204
14-3 1 Real-Time Hologrammetry 204
14-3 2 Time-Average Hologrammetry 204
14-3 3 Double-Exposure Hologrammetry 205
14-4 Quantitative Interpretation of Holograms 205
14-4 1 Projection Matrices: Definitions and Properties 205
14-4-2 Illumination and Observation Vectors 206
14-4-3 Determination of Displacements 206
14-4 4 Determination of Strains and Rotations 207
14-4 5 Determination of Rigid-Body Motions 208
14-4-6 Determination of Temperature 209
14-4 7 Interpretation of Time-Average Holograms 209
14-5 Automated Interpretation of Holograms 211
14-5 1 Video Digitization 211
14-5 2 Heterodyne Hologram Interferometry 211
14-5 3 Step Phase Hologrammetry 212
14-5 4 Electronic Hologrammetry 214
14-6 Typical Hologrammetric Systems 215
14-7 Applications of Hologrammetry 216
14-7 1 Finite Element Method Application 216
14-7 2 Heat Transfer Applications 217
14-7 3 Vibration Applications 218
14-7-4 Small-Component Applications 221
14-7 5 Biomedical Applications 223
14-8 Concluding Remarks 228
14-9 References and Selected Bibliography 229
CHAPTER 15
MOIRE TOPOGRAPHY: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
CO-AUTHORS: James R Pelcelsky, Marius C van Wijk
15-1 Introduction
15-1 1 The Moire Phenomenon
15-1 2 Brief Historical Outline
15-1 2 1 Origins of the Terminology
15-1 2 2 Early Applications
15-1 3 Moire Topography
15-1 4 Real-Time Aspects of Moire Topography
15-1 5 Sensitivity of Moire Topography
15-1 6 Chapter Organization
15-2 Principles of Moire Topography
15-2 1 The Moire Processes
Three-Dimensional Information from a Single Image
15-2 2 Terminology and Classification
Generic Systems
Grid Embodiments
Modulation Schemes
Fringe Profile Classes
Demodulation Schemes
15-2 3 Moire Pattern Analysis
Moire Fringes in Shadow-Moire Systems
Moire Fringes in Projection-Moire Systems
15-2 4 Topographic Moire Fringe Properties
xvii
CONTENTS
Topographic Loci 239
Fringes as Contours of Elevation 239
Fringes from Curved Sheets 239
Fringes from Surface Differences 239
Other Topographic Fringes 240
Fringe Contour Interval 240
Moire Fringe Localization 241
Moire Fringe Visibility 242
Coherent Noise 242
Contrast 242
Sharpness 243
Surface Slope Limits and Alias Moire Fringes 243
15-2 5 Grid Phase Shifting 243
Grid Translation Method 243
Demodulation Grid Phase-Shifting 244
15-2 6 Determination of the Relative Fringe Order 244
Techniques for Ordinary Moire Fringes 245
A Priori Knowledge 245
Object-Shifted Moire 245
Stereo Moire 245
Shape-from-Shading 246
Raster-Moire 247
Phase-Shift Moire 247
Phase-Disjoint Moire 248
Oblique Moire 248
Techniques for Asymmetric Moire Fringes 248
Intensity Modulation 248
Spectral Modulation 249
Techniques for Dynamic Moire Fringes 249
Object-and-Plate Translation 250
Object-and-Plate Rotation 250
Phase-Lock Moire 250
Holographic Moire 250
Holographic Phase-Lock Moire 250
Heterodyne Moire 251
Detector Grid Moire__ 251
Electronic-Grating Moire 251
Scanning Moire 252
Video-Electronic Moire 252
15-2 7 Absolute Fringe Ordering 253
Non-Linearity of the Fringe Interval 253
Calculation of the Fringe Interval 253
Methods of Determining the Absolute Fringe Order 253
Using a Reference Plane at a Known Distance 254
Using a Reference Plane with Control Points 254
Using a Reference Line 254
Correction of Perspective Distortions 254
15_4} Appendix B 395
15-5 Applications 255
15-5 1 Medical Applications 255
15-5 2 Engineering Applications 256
15-6 References and Selected Bibliography 257
CHAPTER 16
RASTER PHOTOGRAMMETRY: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
AUTHOR: E Hierholzer
CONTRIBUTING AUTHOR: W Frobin
16-1 Introduction 265
16-2 Photogrammetric Foundations of Raster Photogrammetry 266
xviii
CONTENTS
16-3 Generation of Light Raster
16-4 Line Rasterstereography with Automatic Image Processing
16-4-1 Preparation of a Line Rastersterograph
16-4 2 Image Digitization
16-4-3 Image Data Analysis
16-4-3 1 Peak Detection
Line Search
Line Sequence Analysis
Line Numeration
16-5 Model Reconstruction
16-6 Calibration
16-7 Aspects of Surface Data Representation, Smoothing, and Interpolation
16-8 References and Selected Bibliography
CHAPTER 17
VIDEO TECHNOLOGY AND REAL-TIME PHOTOGRAMMETRY
CO-AUTHORS: S F El-Hakim, A Burner, and R R Real
17-1 Introduction 279
17-2 Digital Image Acquisition Technology 279
17-2 1 Electron Beam Image Sensors: The Vidicon 279
Background 279
Potential of Tube Cameras for Photogrammetry 280
17-2 2 Early Solid-State Imagers 281
17-2 3 Solid-State Imager Technology 282
17-2 4 Criteria for Solid-State Imagers 284
17-2 5 Special Solid-State Sensors 285
17-2 6 Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC); Image Frame Grab and Storage 285
17-2 7 Illumination 287
17-3 Solid-State Camera Performance 288
17-3 1 Radiometric Performance 288
17-3 2 Geometric Performance 288
Use of Reticle to Determine Fixed Spacing 289
Sources of Error 289
Example of Measurements Made with a Reticle 290
17-4 Image Processing System Requirements 290
17-4-1 Hardware 290
17-4 2 Software 293
Pre-processing 293
Recognition 293
Metrology 293
Understanding 294
17-5 Examples of Techniques and Applications 294
17-5 1 Triangulation with Active Targeting 294
17-5 2 Measurement of Targeted Objects 295
17-5 3 Measurement of Low-Contrast Untargeted Objects 298
17-5 4 Structured-Light Techniques 299
Single-Line Scanning Approach 299
Multiple Coded-Line Approach 299
Field Screening Unit for Detection of Scoliosis in School Children 301
17-5 5 Aerospace Applications 301
Measurement of Wing Deflections 301
Measurement of Orbital Dynamics of Solar Array 301
17-6 Concluding Remarks 301
17-7 References and Selected Bibliography 302
CHAPTER 18
ULTRASONIC TECHNOLOGY: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
AUTHOR: G R Robertson
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: C W Miles, Y Bar-Cohen
18-1 Terminology of Diagnostic Ultrasound 305
CONTENTS
18-2 Introduction 307
18-3 Medical Applications 307
18-4 Future Photogrammetric Applications in Medical Ultrasound 310
18-5 Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Techniques in Aerospace 312
18-5 1 Introduction 312
18-6 Ultrasonic NDE—Fundamentals 313
18-7 Application to Metallic Structures 314
18-8 Ultrasonic NDE of Composites 315
18-9 Summary 319
18-10 References and Selected Bibliography 319
CHAPTER 19
ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: Maurice Carbonnell
19-1 Introduction: The Development of Architectural Applications of Photogrammetry 321
19-2 Sur% eys of Historic Monuments by Analog Methods 322
19-2 1 Rapid and Relatively Simple Surveys 322
19-2 2 Precise Surveys 322
Technical Aspects of Surveys 322
Fields of Application 324
19-2 3 Very Precise Surveys 326
19-3 Evolution of Methods in the Photogrammetric Surveys of Monuments 326
19-4 Use of Photogrammetry in Ancient Urban Centers 337
19-4-1 Group Stereophotogrammetric Surveys 337
19-4 2 Studies of Development and Protection 339
19-5 References and Selected Bibliography 346
CHAPTER 20
INDUSTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: L P Adams
20-1 Introduction
20-2 Factors of Industrial Photogrammetry
20-2 1 Benefits of Photogrammetry in Industry
20-2 2 Data-Acquisition Systems
20-2 3 Camera Positioning and Network Design
20-2 4 Targeting
20-2 5 Measurement Procedures
20-2 6 Data Reduction
20-3 Examples of Industrial Photogrammetry
20-3 1 Aerospace
20-3 2 Automobile Industry
20-3 3 Measuring Communication Antennas
20-3 4 Deformation of Engineering Structures
20-3 5 Modeling Harbors and Ship Design Parameters
20-3 6 Industrial Pipe Systems
20-3 7 The Control and Calibration of Industrial Robots
20-3 8 Shipbuilding and Marine Structures
Dimensional Quality Control
Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Cargo Tank Measurements
Survey of Marine Structures
Small-Ship Surveys
Marine Propellers
20-3 9 Measurement of Storage Tanks
20-3 10 Tunnel Surveys
20-3 11 Cooling Towers
20-4 Conclusions
20-5 References and Selected Bibliography
XX
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 21
BIOSTEREOMETRICS
CO-AUTHORS: D B Sheffer and R E Herron
21-1 Introduction 359
21-1 1 Rationale 359
21-2 Definition 359
21-3 The Origins of Biostereometrics and Medical Stereophotogrammetry 359
21-3 1 Medical Stereophotogrammetry 360
21-4 Scope of Biostereometrics 360
21-4 1 Data Acquisition: Stereometric Sensor 360
21-4-2 Data Reduction: Stereoplotting Process 361
21-4 3 Data Analysis 361
21-5 Accuracy and Reliability 361
21-6 Stereophotogrammetric Applications in Biology and Medicine 361
21-6 1 Special Considerations 361
21-6 2 Whole Body Form 361
21-6 3 Trunks and Limbs 362
21-6 4 Cranio-Facial and Teeth 363
21-6 5 Eye 364
21-6 6 Four-Dimensional Applications 364
21-6 7 Non-Photogrammetric Biostereometric Measurement 364
21-7 Conclusion 364
21-8 References and Selected Bibliography 364
CHAPTER 22
EMERGING TRENDS IN NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: Duane C Brown
22-1 Introduction 367
22-2 Review and Projections of Non-Topographic Stereophotogrammetry 367
22-2 1 Reduction of Analog Stereocompilers 367
22-2 2 Reduction of Analytical Stereocompilers 367
22-2 3 Impact of Analytical Stereocompilers on Design of Metric Cameras 368
22-2 4 Automation of Stereocompilation 368
22-2 5 Automation Through Videophotogrammetry 368
22-2 6 Emerging Trends in Non-Topographic Stereophotogrammetry 368
22-3 Review and Projection of Analytical Non-Topographic Photogrammetry 369
22-3 1 Early Development of the Bundle Method 369
22-3 2 Early Non-Topographic Applications of the Bundle Method 369
22-3 3 Photogrammetric Triangulation Without Control Points 370
22-3 4 Impact of Progress in Computers 370
22-3 5 Analytical Pre-correction of Systematic Error 370
22-3 6 Analytical Self-Calibration 371
22-3 7 Strategies for In Situ Calibration 371
22-3 8 Proper Use of Terminology 371
22-3 9 Self-Calibration and Traceability to National Bureau of Standards 372
22-3 10 Plates versus Film in Analytical Photogrammetry 372
22-3 11 Emergence of the Reseau Camera 372
22-3 12 Progress During the 1970 s 373
22-3 13 The Resurgence of the 1980 s 373
22-3 14 Emerging Trends in Non-Topographic Analytical Photogrammetry 374
CHAPTER 23
TRENDS IN NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY SYSTEMS
AUTHOR: Wilfred Wester-Ebbinghaus
23-1 Introduction 377
23-2 Combined Bundle Adjustment 377
xxi
CONTENTS
23-3 The Photogrammetric Camera 378
23-4 Simultaneous Camera Calibration 380
23-5 Data-Reduction Systems 382
23-6 Digital On-Line Recording Techniques and Real-Time Systems 384
23-7 References and Selected Bibliography 386
APPENDIX A
THE REVERSE PROJECTION TECHNIQUE IN FORENSIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
CO-AUTHORS: J Whitnall, F H Moffitt
A-l Introduction 389
A-2 The Reverse Projection Technique 389
A-2 1 Resection 389
A-2 2 Intersection 391
A-3 Courtroom Presentation 391
A-4 A Case History 392
A-5 Conclusion 393
APPENDIX B
MOIRE TOPOGRAPHY: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
(Sections 15-3 and 15-4 of Chapter 15)
CO-AUTHORS: James R Pekelsky, Marius C van Wijk
15-3 Instrumental Considerations 395
15-3 1 Grid Design 395
String Grids 395
Stringing Techniques 395
Orientation 396
Pitch and Size 397
Reflections 397
Non-planar Grids 397
Printed Grids 397
Lenticular Grids 398
Polarization Grids T 398
Projection Grids 398
Ronchi Rulings 398
Sinusoidal Grids 399
Distortion-free Projection 399
Perspective Projection 399
Gridded Detectors 399
Virtual Grids 400
Coherence Grids 400
Transform Grids 401
Scanned Grids 402
15-3 2 Survey of Instrument Types 403
Demonstrative Arrangements 403
Coupled Components 403
Integrated Systems 404
15-3 3 Light Sources 406
Light Sources for Projection-Moire 407
Light Distribution for Shadow-Moire 407
Light Sources for Shadow-Moire 408
Temporal Considerations 408
Special Considerations 409
15-3 4 Object Surface Considerations 409
Surface Reflectance 409
Skin Effects 410
15-3 5 Image Recording 410
xxii
CONTENTS
Cameras and Film 411
Lenses and Apertures 411
Peripheral Moire Cameras 411
15-3 6 Geometrical Accuracy 412
Instrumental Components 412
The Recording Camera 412
Adopting Standards 413
Accuracies Reported 413
15-4 Evaluation of Moire Topographic Images 413
15-4-1 Systems for Evaluation 413
15-4 2 Photogrammetric Control for Off-Line Evaluation 414
15-4 3 Pattern Interpretation 414
Visual Interpretation 415
Menu of Patterns 415
Fringe Counting 416
Graphical Aids 416
Optical Pattern Processing 416
Digital Pattern Processing 417
Correlation for Asymmetry 417
Fringe Counting for Defects 417
15-4 4 Digital Elevation Determination 418
15-4 5 Densitometric Fringe Tracking 419
Manual Contour Digitization 419
Automated Fringe Tracking 419
Tracking Noisy Fringes 420
Ordering Tracked Fringes 420
15—4-6 Densitometric Fringe Profiling 421
Sparse Profiles 421
Ordering Profiled Fringes 423
15-4 7 Phase-lock Analysis 424
Optical Phase-Lock Methods 424
Mechanical Phase-Lock Methods 425
Electronic Phase-Lock-Methods 426
15-4 8 Height Interpolation 427
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 428
INDEX 77 431
xxiii
|
| adam_txt |
Non-Topographic Photogrammetry
Second Edition
Editor-in-Chief
H M Karara
Contributors:
L P Adams, R R Adams, K B Atkinson, R A Baldwin, Y Bar-Cohen, D C
Brown, A W Burner, Jr , M Carbonnell, S F El-Hakim, W Faig, C S Fraser, W
Frobin, J G Fryer, H Fuchs, S K Ghosh, R E Herron, E Hierholzer, Z Jaksic, H
M Karara, V Kratky, J C McGlone, E M Mikhail, C W Miles, F H Moffitt, I
Newton, F C Paderes, Jr ,JR Pekelsky, R J Pryputniewicz, R R Real, G R
Robertson, H Ruther, D B Sheffer, G C Tewinkel, AKI Torlegard, M C van
Wijk, S A Veress, W Wester-Ebbinghaus, J Whitnall
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR
PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Contents
FOREWORD v
EDITOR'S PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii
CHAPTER 1
AN INTRODUCTION TO NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: H M Karara
1-1 Introduction I
1-2 The Development of Photogrammetry 1
1-2 1 The First Cycle: 1850-1900 2
The Origins of Non-Topographic Photogrammetry 2
1-2 2 The Era of Analog Photogrammetry, 1900-1960 2
1-2 3 The Evolution of Analytical Photogrammetry: 1960 Onward 3
1-2 4 From Analytical to Digital Photogrammetry: 1980 Onward 3
1-3 Emerging Trends in Non-Topographic Photogrammetry 4
1-4 References and Selected Bibliography 4
CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION TO METROLOGY CONCEPTS:
AUTHOR: Edward M Mikhail
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: J Chris McGlone and Fidel C Paderes, Jr
2-1 Introduction 7
2-2 Basic Geometric Concepts of Photogrammetry 7
2-2 1 Geometry of a Single Frame Photograph 8
2-2 2 Geometry of Multiple Frame Photographs 9
2-2 3 Multiple Theodolite/CCD Camera System 10
2-3 Photogrammetric Data-Reduction Systems 11
2-3 1 Analog Systems 11
2-3 2 Analytical Systems 11
2-3 3 Digital Systems 11
2-4 Photogrammetric Products 12
2-5 Specialized Metrology Systems 12
2-6 Concluding Remarks 13
2-7 References and Selected Bibliography 14
2-8 Acknowledgements 14
CHAPTER 3
INSTRUMENTATION FOR NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: K B Atkinson
3-1 Introduction • • • 15
3-2 Photographic Data Acquisition 15
3-2 1 Single Cameras 15
Single Cameras: Specific Details 17
Hasselblad MK70 17
Rolleiflex 6006 18
Zeiss (Jena) UMK 10/1318 18
Kelsh K-470 19
Wild P31 20
Wild P32 20
IX
CONTENTS
Polaroid 600SE 21
Geodetic Services CRC-1 21
Centrax Camera 22
3-2 2 Stereomatic Cameras 23
Stereometric Cameras: Specific Details 25
Zeiss (Jena) 10/13118 25
Kelsh K-460 26
Pentax ST-120V 26
3-2 3 Non-Metric Cameras 27
3-3 Data Reduction 27
3-3 1 The Analog Approach 28
3-3 2 The Analytical Approach 29
Monocomparators 29
Geodetic Services AutoSet-1 29
National Physical Laboratory Plate Measuring Facilities 29
Rollei RSI 30
Stereocomparators 30
Ross SFS-3 30
Minicomparator of the Royal Institute of Technology 31
Pentax PAMS 31
Suciba MPS-2 31
Analytical Plotters 31
MACO 35/70 32
Digital Sterophotogrammetric System 33
Unconventional Instrumentation 33
Reflex Metrograph and Reflex Microscope 33
Moire Contourgraph 34
Two-Dimensional Cartographic Digitizers 34
3-4 References and Selected Biography 35
CHAPTER 4
ANALYTIC DATA-REDUCTION SCHEMES IN NON-TOPOGRAPHIC
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: J Chris McGlone
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: Edward M Mikhail, Fidel C Paderes, Jr
4-1 Introduction _ 37
4-1 1 Description of the Problem 37
4-1 2 Overview of the Photogrammetric Problem 37
4-2 Correction of Systematic Errors 38
4-2 1 Comparator Calibration 38
4-2 2 Image Deformation 39
4-2 3 Lens Distortion 39
Radial Lens Distortion 40
Decentering Distortion 40
4-2 4 Atmospheric or Underwater Refraction 41
4-3 Collinearity Adjustment 41
4-3 1 Exterior Orientation 41
4-3 2 The Collinearity Equation 42
4-3 3 Solution of the Photogrammetric Problem (The Bundle Method) 43
4-3 4 Approximation Generation 45
4-3 5 The Coplanarity Equation 45
4-3 6 Parallax Equations 46
4-4 The Direct Linear Transformation 46
4-5 Other Mathematical Approaches 48
4-5 1 Homogeneous Coordinates 48
4-5 2 Single Photo Solutions 48
4-6 Coordinate Transformations 48
4-6 1 Two-Dimensional Coordinate Transformations 48
Two-Dimensional Similarity Transformation 48
Two-Dimensional Affine Transformation 49
x
CONTENTS
Two-Dimensional Projective Transformation 49
Two-Dimensional Polynomial Transformation 49
4-6 2 Three-Dimensional Similarity Transformation 49
Mathematical Model 49
Calculation of the Transformation 49
4-7 The Use of Constraints in Non-Topographic Photogrammetry 49
4-7 1 Camera Geometric Constraints 50
4-7 2 Object-Space Geometric Constraints 50
4-7 3 Object-Space Relative Constraints 50
4-7 4 Effect of Constraints on the Degrees of Freedom 51
4-8 Evaluation of the Results of a Solution 51
4-8 1 Evaluation of Accuracy 51
4-8 2 Evaluation of Precision 51
4-8 3 Evaluation of Reliability 52
4-8 4 Evaluation of Digital Imagery 53
Quantization of the Digital Image 53
Exploitation of Digital Imagery 54
Evaluation of the Acquisition of Digital Imagery 54
Evalution of the Effects of Image Processing 54
Evaluation of the Exploitation of the Imagery 54
4-9 Testing for Gross Errors 54
4-10 References and Selected Bibliography 55
CHAPTER 5
CAMERA CALIBRATION IN NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: John G Fryer
5-1 Introduction 59
5-2 Definitions 59
5-2 1 Principal Distance 59
5-2 2 Principal Point of Autocollimation 59
5-2 3 Fiducial Center 59
5-2 4 Radial Distortion 59
Description 59
Formulae 60
Variation with Focusing and within the Photographic Field 60
5-2 5 Decentering Distortion 61
Description 61
Formulae 61
5-3 Methods of Camera Calibration 62
5-3 1 Laboratory Calibration 62
Optical Laboratory Calibration 62
Test Range Calibration 62
5-3 2 On-the-job Calibration 64
5-3 3 Self-Calibration 65
5-3 4 Other Methods of Camera Calibration 66
Analytical Plumb-Line Calibration 66
Stellar Calibration 67
5-4 Summary 67
5-5 References and Selected Bibliography 68
CHAPTER 6
NON-METRIC AND SEMI-METRIC CAMERAS: DATA REDUCTION
AUTHOR: W Faig
6-1 Introduction 71
6-2 Associated Problems and Possible Solutions 71
6-2 1 Problems 71
6-2 2 Possible Solutions 72
CONTENTS
6-3 Concepts of Data Reduction and Evaluation of Non-Metric and Semi-Metric Photography 72
6-3 1 Analog Approaches 72
6-3 2 Analytical Approaches 73
6-3 3 Semi-Analytical Approaches 74
6-4 Selected Software Systems Designed for Non-Metric Photography 74
6-4-1 STARS (Simultaneous Triangulation and Resection System) 74
6-4 2 GEBAT-V (General Bundle Adjustment Triangulation—Photo-Variant) 75
6-4 3 BINGO (Bundelausgleichung fur INGenieurOBjekte—Bundle Adjustment for Engineering Applications 76
6-4-4 DLT (Direct Linear Transformation) 76
6-4 5 Some Other Software Packages 77
6-5 Concluding Remarks 77
6-6 References and Selected Bibliography 78
CHAPTER 7
THEORY OF IMAGE COORDINATE ERRORS
AUTHOR: A Kennert I Torlegard
7-1 Introduction 81
7-2 The Functional (Deterministic) Part of the Mathematical Model 81
7-3 The Stochastic Part of the Mathematical Model 82
7-4 Elementary Errors 83
7-4 1 Straightness of Rays 83
7-4 2 Emulsion Flatness 85
7-4-3 Film Shrinkage 85
7-4-4 Atmospheric Refraction 86
7-4-5 Instrument and Operator 87
7-4-6 Given Coordinates and Targeting 88
7-5 Variance Component Model 89
7-6 Distribution of the Coordinate Error 90
7-7 The Covariance of Errors of Pairs of Points 90
7-8 Correlation between Errors of Different Photographs 91
7-9 Conclusion 92
7-10 References and Selected Biography 92
CHAPTER 8
OPTIMIZATION OF NETWORKS IN NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: Clive S Fraser
8-1 Introduction 95
8-2 Classification of Design Stages 95
8-2 1 Mathematical Background 95
8-2 2 Zero-Order Design 96
8-2 3 First-Order Design 96
8-2 4 Second-Order Design 96
8-2 5 Third-Order Design 97
8-3 ZOD—The Datum Problem 97
8-3 1 Observables and the Coordinate Datum 97
8-3 2 The Main Solution 97
8-3 3 Limiting Error Propagation 97
8-3 4 S-Transformations 98
8-3 5 Variation in Precision with Changes in the Datum 98
8-4 FOD—The Configuration Problem 100
8-4-1 Introductory Remarks 100
8-4-2 Imaging Geometry 100
8-4-3 Reliability Consideration for Imaging Geometry 101
8-4-4 Base/Distance Ratio 102
8-4-5 Number of Camera Stations 102
8-4-6 Multiple Exposures 102
xii
CONTENTS
8-4 7 Number of Points 103
8-4 8 Target Clusters 103
8-4 9 Image Scale and Focal Length 103
8-4 10 Self-Calibration Parameters 103
8-5 SOD—The Weight Problem 104
8-6 TOD—The Densification Problem 104
8-7 Design Through Simulation 104
8-7 1 A Procedure for Design 104
8-7 2 The STARS Simulator 105
8-8 Concluding Remarks 105
8-9 References and Selected Bibliography 105
CHAPTER 9
ON-LINE NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: V Kratky
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: Z Jaksic , H Fuchs
9-1 On-Line Photogrammetric Systems 107
9-1 1 Background Information 107
Classification of Photogrammetric Processing 107
On-Line Analytical Systems 107
9-1 2 Main Operational Features of On-Line Photogrammetric Systems 108
Real-Time Positioning of Photographs 108
Modes of Operation 108
Stereocomparator Mode 108
Plotter Mode 108
Combined Mode 109
9 2 Characteristics of Close-Range Tasks 109
9-3 Analytical Formulations 110
9-3 1 General Concepts 110
9-3 2 Image Geometry 110
9-3 3 Model Reconstruction 110
Effects of the On-Line Operational Environment 110
Universal Mathematical Formulation Ill
Solution Constraints 112
9-3 4 Detailed CompilaTton 113
9-4 Additional Functions of Advanced On-Line Systems 114
9-4 1 Operator-System Interaction 114
9-4 2 Supporting Operations 114
Data Management 114
Data Editing 114
Data Quality Control 115
Ancillary Operations 115
9-4 3 Model Restoration 116
9-5 Universal Solutions 116
9-5 1 Concepts of Optimal System Design 116
Design Requirements for Universal Systems 116
Generalized Software Elements for Universal Solutions 117
Multi-Model Technique 117
9-5 2 Examples of Existing Software Systems 119
NRC Close-Range Software 119
Orientation with No Constraints 120
Orientation with Base Constraint 121
Orientation with Coordinate Constraints 121
Orientation with Relative Constraint 121
Orientation and Calibration 121
Relative Orientation 122
CRISP Close-Range Software 122
General Characteristics 123
Formulations 123
xiii
CONTENTS
Task Management 125
BINGO Close-Range Software 126
9-6 References and Selected Bibliography 126
CHAPTER 10
AN OVERVIEW OF SOFTWARE IN NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: H Ruther
10-1 Introduction 129
10-2 Description of Close-Range Software Packages 129
10-2 1 STAR 130
Pre-Processing 130
Mathematical Model 130
Normal Equation Formation and Inversion 130
Self-Calibration 130
Special Features 130
Simulation Mode 130
Supporting Software 130
10-2 2 CRABS-ESP 131
Mathematical Formulation 131
Normal Equation Formation and Solution 131
Simulation 131
Supporting Software 131
Program Supported Image Observation Subprogram 131
Concluding Remarks 131
10-2 3 GEBAT-V 131
Mathematical Formulation 131
Normal Equation Formation and Solution 131
Special Features of GEBAT-V 131
10-2 4 TBO, XYZBLC, and BUNGEN 132
10-2 5 BINGO 132
Pre-processing 132
Mathematical Formulation 132
Provisional Values 132
Geodetic Constraints 132
Formation of Normal-Equation Matrix and Solution 133
Concluding Remarks 133
10-2 6 BINGO—WILD Version 133
10-2 7 MOR 133
The Mathematical Model and Special Features 133
10-2 8 DLT 134
Mathematical Formulation 134
10-2 9 ORIENT 134
Pre-Analysis, Error Detection, and Provisional Unknowns 134
Mathematical Formulation 134
Special Features and Fictitious Observations 134
10-2 10 GENTRI, ISCS, IDAC, IDA3D, IDAP, PRECILYT 134
10-2 11 BITRI, BUND, IMOR, MBOP, PHANAL, PROTRAN, SPGA 135
10-2 12 CRISP, BLUH, MACO 35/70, TRIBA, ORI/SORA-PR 135
10-3 Table of Close-Range Photogrammetric Software 135
10-4 References and Selected Bibliography 142
CHAPTER 11
UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: I Newton
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: R A Baldwin, J G Fryer
11-1 Introduction 147
11-2 Optical Considerations 147
xiv
CONTENTS
11-2 1 Light Transmission in Water 147
11-2 2 Loss of Image Contrast and Resolution 147
11-2 3 The Refractive Index of Water 148
11-2 4 Optical Systems for In-Water Photogrammetry 148
Geometric Optics for Lenses in Water 148
Front Port Systems 149
Underwater Lenses 150
11-2 5 Optical Systems for Through-Water Photogrammetry 150
11-3 In-Water Photogrammetry 150
11-3 1 Data Acquisition 150
Underwater Cameras 150
Underwater Camera Calibration 151
Underwater Lighting 152
Films for Underwater Photography 152
Underwater Work Systems 153
Diving Operations 153
Underwater Vehicles 154
Selection of the Work System 154
Underwater Control 155
Taking the Photographs 155
11-3 2 Data Reduction 155
Analog Methods 155
Analytical Methods 156
Analytical Relative Orientation with Scaling 156
Projective Transformation and Intersection 156
Multi-Station Self-Calibration 157
11-3 3 Applications 157
Archeological Surveys 158
Marine Biological Surveys 158
Sea Bed Surveys 158
Submarine Structure Surveys 159
11-4 Through-Water Photogrammetry 160
11-4 1 Data Acquisition 160
11-4 2 Data Reduction 160
Geometry for a Planar Surface 160
Analog Instruments for Two-Media Photogrammetry 161
Two-Media Photogrammetry with an Analytical Plotter 161
Geometry for a Non-Planar Interface 162
Practical Estimates of the Accuracy of Through-Water Depths 162
11-4-3 Applications 163
11-5 Conclusions 163
11-6 References and Selected Bibliography 163
CHAPTER 12
X-RAY PHOTOGRAMMETRY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS
AUTHOR: S A Veress
12-1 Image Formation 167
12-2 Degradation of X-Ray Images 167
12-2 1 X-Ray Films 168
12-2 2 Film Unflatness 168
12-2 3 Effect of Double Emulsion 169
12-2 4 X-Ray Refraction 169
12-2 5 Penumbra Effect 169
12-3 Calibration of X-Ray Systems 170
12-3 1 McNeil's Method 170
12-3 2 Jonason and Hindmarsh Apparatus 170
12-3 3 Agnoletto-Pagani Method 171
12-3 4 Moffitt's Principal Point Locater 171
12-4 Object and Object-Space Control 172
XV
CONTENTS
12-4 1 Targeting the Object
12-4 2 Calibration Triangle
12-4-3 Bi'Plane System
12-4-4 A Convergent System
12-4-5 Variable Geometry System
12-5 Reduction of Radiographs
12-5 1 Stereo X-Ray Photogrammetry
12-5 2 Measurement of Radiographs
12-5 3 Mathematical Models
Stereo X-Ray Mathematical Model
The Cleveland System
The Photogrammetric System
The Seattle System
12-6 Applications of X-Ray Photogrammetry
12-6 1 Deformation of Patellar Motion
12-6 2 Prosthesis Loosening in Joint Replacement
12-6 3 Spinal Analysis
12-6 4 Other Applications
12-7 References and Selected Bibliography
CHAPTER 13
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
AUTHOR: Sanjib K Ghosh
13-1 Introduction
13-1 1 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
13-1 2 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
13-2 Geometric Aspects
13-2 1 Coordinate Systems
Photo Coordinates (x,)')
Model Coordinates (X',Y',Z')
Object Coordinates (X,Y,Z)
13-2 2 Coordinate Transformations
Similarity Transformation
Polynomial Transformation
13-2 3 Projections and Distortions
Parallel Projection
Perspective Projection
Distortions
Perspective Distortion
Scale Distortion
Radial Distortion
Spiral Distortion
Tangential Distortion
13-2 4 Stereomodel
13-2 5 Calibration of an EM System
13-3 Measuring Instruments
13-3 1 Analog Instruments
Instruments Designed for EM Applications Only
Analog Stereo Instruments
13-3 2 Analytical Plotters
Precision Analytical Plotters
Approximate Analytical Plotters
Comparators
13-4 Photogrammetry for Single Specimens
13-4-1 SEM Applications
13-4-2 TEM Applications
13-4-3 Combining Data from both SEM and TEM
13-5 References and Selected Bibliography
xvi
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 14
HOLOGRAMMETRY: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
AUTHOR: RyszardJ Pryputniewicz
14-1 Introduction 203
14-2 Fundamentals of Hologrammetry 203
14-3 Types of Hologrammetry 204
14-3 1 Real-Time Hologrammetry 204
14-3 2 Time-Average Hologrammetry 204
14-3 3 Double-Exposure Hologrammetry 205
14-4 Quantitative Interpretation of Holograms 205
14-4 1 Projection Matrices: Definitions and Properties 205
14-4-2 Illumination and Observation Vectors 206
14-4-3 Determination of Displacements 206
14-4 4 Determination of Strains and Rotations 207
14-4 5 Determination of Rigid-Body Motions 208
14-4-6 Determination of Temperature 209
14-4 7 Interpretation of Time-Average Holograms 209
14-5 Automated Interpretation of Holograms 211
14-5 1 Video Digitization 211
14-5 2 Heterodyne Hologram Interferometry 211
14-5 3 Step Phase Hologrammetry 212
14-5 4 Electronic Hologrammetry 214
14-6 Typical Hologrammetric Systems 215
14-7 Applications of Hologrammetry 216
14-7 1 Finite Element Method Application 216
14-7 2 Heat Transfer Applications 217
14-7 3 Vibration Applications 218
14-7-4 Small-Component Applications 221
14-7 5 Biomedical Applications 223
14-8 Concluding Remarks 228
14-9 References and Selected Bibliography 229
CHAPTER 15
MOIRE TOPOGRAPHY: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
CO-AUTHORS: James R Pelcelsky, Marius C van Wijk
15-1 Introduction
15-1 1 The Moire Phenomenon
15-1 2 Brief Historical Outline
15-1 2 1 Origins of the Terminology
15-1 2 2 Early Applications
15-1 3 Moire Topography
15-1 4 Real-Time Aspects of Moire Topography
15-1 5 Sensitivity of Moire Topography
15-1 6 Chapter Organization
15-2 Principles of Moire Topography
15-2 1 The Moire Processes
Three-Dimensional Information from a Single Image
15-2 2 Terminology and Classification
Generic Systems
Grid Embodiments
Modulation Schemes
Fringe Profile Classes
Demodulation Schemes
15-2 3 Moire Pattern Analysis
Moire Fringes in Shadow-Moire Systems
Moire Fringes in Projection-Moire Systems
15-2 4 Topographic Moire Fringe Properties
xvii
CONTENTS
Topographic Loci 239
Fringes as Contours of Elevation 239
Fringes from Curved Sheets 239
Fringes from Surface Differences 239
Other Topographic Fringes 240
Fringe Contour Interval 240
Moire Fringe Localization 241
Moire Fringe Visibility 242
Coherent Noise 242
Contrast 242
Sharpness 243
Surface Slope Limits and Alias Moire Fringes 243
15-2 5 Grid Phase Shifting 243
Grid Translation Method 243
Demodulation Grid Phase-Shifting 244
15-2 6 Determination of the Relative Fringe Order 244
Techniques for Ordinary Moire Fringes 245
A Priori Knowledge 245
Object-Shifted Moire 245
Stereo Moire 245
Shape-from-Shading 246
Raster-Moire 247
Phase-Shift Moire 247
Phase-Disjoint Moire 248
Oblique Moire 248
Techniques for Asymmetric Moire Fringes 248
Intensity Modulation 248
Spectral Modulation 249
Techniques for Dynamic Moire Fringes 249
Object-and-Plate Translation 250
Object-and-Plate Rotation 250
Phase-Lock Moire 250
Holographic Moire 250
Holographic Phase-Lock Moire 250
Heterodyne Moire 251
Detector Grid Moire_ 251
Electronic-Grating Moire 251
Scanning Moire 252
Video-Electronic Moire 252
15-2 7 Absolute Fringe Ordering 253
Non-Linearity of the Fringe Interval 253
Calculation of the Fringe Interval 253
Methods of Determining the Absolute Fringe Order 253
Using a Reference Plane at a Known Distance 254
Using a Reference Plane with Control Points 254
Using a Reference Line 254
Correction of Perspective Distortions 254
15_4} Appendix B 395
15-5 Applications 255
15-5 1 Medical Applications 255
15-5 2 Engineering Applications 256
15-6 References and Selected Bibliography 257
CHAPTER 16
RASTER PHOTOGRAMMETRY: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
AUTHOR: E Hierholzer
CONTRIBUTING AUTHOR: W Frobin
16-1 Introduction 265
16-2 Photogrammetric Foundations of Raster Photogrammetry 266
xviii
CONTENTS
16-3 Generation of Light Raster
16-4 Line Rasterstereography with Automatic Image Processing
16-4-1 Preparation of a Line Rastersterograph
16-4 2 Image Digitization
16-4-3 Image Data Analysis
16-4-3 1 Peak Detection
Line Search
Line Sequence Analysis
Line Numeration
16-5 Model Reconstruction
16-6 Calibration
16-7 Aspects of Surface Data Representation, Smoothing, and Interpolation
16-8 References and Selected Bibliography
CHAPTER 17
VIDEO TECHNOLOGY AND REAL-TIME PHOTOGRAMMETRY
CO-AUTHORS: S F El-Hakim, A Burner, and R R Real
17-1 Introduction 279
17-2 Digital Image Acquisition Technology 279
17-2 1 Electron Beam Image Sensors: The Vidicon 279
Background 279
Potential of Tube Cameras for Photogrammetry 280
17-2 2 Early Solid-State Imagers 281
17-2 3 Solid-State Imager Technology 282
17-2 4 Criteria for Solid-State Imagers 284
17-2 5 Special Solid-State Sensors 285
17-2 6 Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC); Image Frame Grab and Storage 285
17-2 7 Illumination 287
17-3 Solid-State Camera Performance 288
17-3 1 Radiometric Performance 288
17-3 2 Geometric Performance 288
Use of Reticle to Determine Fixed Spacing 289
Sources of Error 289
Example of Measurements Made with a Reticle 290
17-4 Image Processing System Requirements 290
17-4-1 Hardware 290
17-4 2 Software 293
Pre-processing 293
Recognition 293
Metrology 293
Understanding 294
17-5 Examples of Techniques and Applications 294
17-5 1 Triangulation with Active Targeting 294
17-5 2 Measurement of Targeted Objects 295
17-5 3 Measurement of Low-Contrast Untargeted Objects 298
17-5 4 Structured-Light Techniques 299
Single-Line Scanning Approach 299
Multiple Coded-Line Approach 299
Field Screening Unit for Detection of Scoliosis in School Children 301
17-5 5 Aerospace Applications 301
Measurement of Wing Deflections 301
Measurement of Orbital Dynamics of Solar Array 301
17-6 Concluding Remarks 301
17-7 References and Selected Bibliography 302
CHAPTER 18
ULTRASONIC TECHNOLOGY: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
AUTHOR: G R Robertson
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: C W Miles, Y Bar-Cohen
18-1 Terminology of Diagnostic Ultrasound 305
CONTENTS
18-2 Introduction 307
18-3 Medical Applications 307
18-4 Future Photogrammetric Applications in Medical Ultrasound 310
18-5 Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Techniques in Aerospace 312
18-5 1 Introduction 312
18-6 Ultrasonic NDE—Fundamentals 313
18-7 Application to Metallic Structures 314
18-8 Ultrasonic NDE of Composites 315
18-9 Summary 319
18-10 References and Selected Bibliography 319
CHAPTER 19
ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: Maurice Carbonnell
19-1 Introduction: The Development of Architectural Applications of Photogrammetry 321
19-2 Sur%'eys of Historic Monuments by Analog Methods 322
19-2 1 Rapid and Relatively Simple Surveys 322
19-2 2 Precise Surveys 322
Technical Aspects of Surveys 322
Fields of Application 324
19-2 3 Very Precise Surveys 326
19-3 Evolution of Methods in the Photogrammetric Surveys of Monuments 326
19-4 Use of Photogrammetry in Ancient Urban Centers 337
19-4-1 Group Stereophotogrammetric Surveys 337
19-4 2 Studies of Development and Protection 339
19-5 References and Selected Bibliography 346
CHAPTER 20
INDUSTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: L P Adams
20-1 Introduction
20-2 Factors of Industrial Photogrammetry
20-2 1 Benefits of Photogrammetry in Industry
20-2 2 Data-Acquisition Systems
20-2 3 Camera Positioning and Network Design
20-2 4 Targeting
20-2 5 Measurement Procedures
20-2 6 Data Reduction
20-3 Examples of Industrial Photogrammetry
20-3 1 Aerospace
20-3 2 Automobile Industry
20-3 3 Measuring Communication Antennas
20-3 4 Deformation of Engineering Structures
20-3 5 Modeling Harbors and Ship Design Parameters
20-3 6 Industrial Pipe Systems
20-3 7 The Control and Calibration of Industrial Robots
20-3 8 Shipbuilding and Marine Structures
Dimensional Quality Control
Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Cargo Tank Measurements
Survey of Marine Structures
Small-Ship Surveys
Marine Propellers
20-3 9 Measurement of Storage Tanks
20-3 10 Tunnel Surveys
20-3 11 Cooling Towers
20-4 Conclusions
20-5 References and Selected Bibliography
XX
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 21
BIOSTEREOMETRICS
CO-AUTHORS: D B Sheffer and R E Herron
21-1 Introduction 359
21-1 1 Rationale 359
21-2 Definition 359
21-3 The Origins of Biostereometrics and Medical Stereophotogrammetry 359
21-3 1 Medical Stereophotogrammetry 360
21-4 Scope of Biostereometrics 360
21-4 1 Data Acquisition: Stereometric Sensor 360
21-4-2 Data Reduction: Stereoplotting Process 361
21-4 3 Data Analysis 361
21-5 Accuracy and Reliability 361
21-6 Stereophotogrammetric Applications in Biology and Medicine 361
21-6 1 Special Considerations 361
21-6 2 Whole Body Form 361
21-6 3 Trunks and Limbs 362
21-6 4 Cranio-Facial and Teeth 363
21-6 5 Eye 364
21-6 6 Four-Dimensional Applications 364
21-6 7 Non-Photogrammetric Biostereometric Measurement 364
21-7 Conclusion 364
21-8 References and Selected Bibliography 364
CHAPTER 22
EMERGING TRENDS IN NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AUTHOR: Duane C Brown
22-1 Introduction 367
22-2 Review and Projections of Non-Topographic Stereophotogrammetry 367
22-2 1 Reduction of Analog Stereocompilers 367
22-2 2 Reduction of Analytical Stereocompilers 367
22-2 3 Impact of Analytical Stereocompilers on Design of Metric Cameras 368
22-2 4 Automation of Stereocompilation 368
22-2 5 Automation Through Videophotogrammetry 368
22-2 6 Emerging Trends in Non-Topographic Stereophotogrammetry 368
22-3 Review and Projection of Analytical Non-Topographic Photogrammetry 369
22-3 1 Early Development of the Bundle Method 369
22-3 2 Early Non-Topographic Applications of the Bundle Method 369
22-3 3 Photogrammetric Triangulation Without Control Points 370
22-3 4 Impact of Progress in Computers 370
22-3 5 Analytical Pre-correction of Systematic Error 370
22-3 6 Analytical Self-Calibration 371
22-3 7 Strategies for In Situ Calibration 371
22-3 8 Proper Use of Terminology 371
22-3 9 Self-Calibration and Traceability to National Bureau of Standards 372
22-3 10 Plates versus Film in Analytical Photogrammetry 372
22-3 11 Emergence of the Reseau Camera 372
22-3 12 Progress During the 1970's 373
22-3 13 The Resurgence of the 1980's 373
22-3 14 Emerging Trends in Non-Topographic Analytical Photogrammetry 374
CHAPTER 23
TRENDS IN NON-TOPOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY SYSTEMS
AUTHOR: Wilfred Wester-Ebbinghaus
23-1 Introduction 377
23-2 Combined Bundle Adjustment 377
xxi
CONTENTS
23-3 The Photogrammetric Camera 378
23-4 Simultaneous Camera Calibration 380
23-5 Data-Reduction Systems 382
23-6 Digital On-Line Recording Techniques and Real-Time Systems 384
23-7 References and Selected Bibliography 386
APPENDIX A
THE REVERSE PROJECTION TECHNIQUE IN FORENSIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
CO-AUTHORS: J Whitnall, F H Moffitt
A-l Introduction 389
A-2 The Reverse Projection Technique 389
A-2 1 Resection 389
A-2 2 Intersection 391
A-3 Courtroom Presentation 391
A-4 A Case History 392
A-5 Conclusion 393
APPENDIX B
MOIRE TOPOGRAPHY: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
(Sections 15-3 and 15-4 of Chapter 15)
CO-AUTHORS: James R Pekelsky, Marius C van Wijk
15-3 Instrumental Considerations 395
15-3 1 Grid Design 395
String Grids 395
Stringing Techniques 395
Orientation 396
Pitch and Size 397
Reflections 397
Non-planar Grids 397
Printed Grids 397
Lenticular Grids 398
Polarization Grids T 398
Projection Grids 398
Ronchi Rulings 398
Sinusoidal Grids 399
Distortion-free Projection 399
Perspective Projection 399
Gridded Detectors 399
Virtual Grids 400
Coherence Grids 400
Transform Grids 401
Scanned Grids 402
15-3 2 Survey of Instrument Types 403
Demonstrative Arrangements 403
Coupled Components 403
Integrated Systems 404
15-3 3 Light Sources 406
Light Sources for Projection-Moire 407
Light Distribution for Shadow-Moire 407
Light Sources for Shadow-Moire 408
Temporal Considerations 408
Special Considerations 409
15-3 4 Object Surface Considerations 409
Surface Reflectance 409
Skin Effects 410
15-3 5 Image Recording 410
xxii
CONTENTS
Cameras and Film 411
Lenses and Apertures 411
Peripheral Moire Cameras 411
15-3 6 Geometrical Accuracy 412
Instrumental Components 412
The Recording Camera 412
Adopting Standards 413
Accuracies Reported 413
15-4 Evaluation of Moire Topographic Images 413
15-4-1 Systems for Evaluation 413
15-4 2 Photogrammetric Control for Off-Line Evaluation 414
15-4 3 Pattern Interpretation 414
Visual Interpretation 415
Menu of Patterns 415
Fringe Counting 416
Graphical Aids 416
Optical Pattern Processing 416
Digital Pattern Processing 417
Correlation for Asymmetry 417
Fringe Counting for Defects 417
15-4 4 Digital Elevation Determination 418
15-4 5 Densitometric Fringe Tracking 419
Manual Contour Digitization 419
Automated Fringe Tracking 419
Tracking Noisy Fringes 420
Ordering Tracked Fringes 420
15—4-6 Densitometric Fringe Profiling 421
Sparse Profiles 421
Ordering Profiled Fringes 423
15-4 7 Phase-lock Analysis 424
Optical Phase-Lock Methods 424
Mechanical Phase-Lock Methods 425
Electronic Phase-Lock-Methods 426
15-4 8 Height Interpolation 427
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 428
INDEX 77 431
xxiii |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author2 | Karara, H. M. |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | h m k hm hmk |
| author_facet | Karara, H. M. |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021896531 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TR693 |
| callnumber-raw | TR693 |
| callnumber-search | TR693 |
| callnumber-sort | TR 3693 |
| callnumber-subject | TR - Photography |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)18289867 (DE-599)BVBBV021896531 |
| dewey-full | 526.9/82 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 526 - Mathematical geography |
| dewey-raw | 526.9/82 |
| dewey-search | 526.9/82 |
| dewey-sort | 3526.9 282 |
| dewey-tens | 520 - Astronomy and allied sciences |
| discipline | Physik |
| discipline_str_mv | Physik |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01484nam a2200397zc 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV021896531</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20040301000000.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">910319s1989 a||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">0944426107</subfield><subfield code="9">0-944426-10-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)18289867</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV021896531</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-706</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">TR693</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">526.9/82</subfield><subfield code="2">19</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Non-topographic photogrammetry</subfield><subfield code="c">American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Ed.-in-chief: H. M. Karara. Contr.: L. P. Adams</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">2. ed.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Falls Church, Va.</subfield><subfield code="c">1989</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XXIII, 445 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">zahlr. Ill.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Science and engineering series</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Photogrammétrie</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Photogrammetry</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Fotogrammetrie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045892-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Fotogrammetrie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045892-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Karara, H. M.</subfield><subfield code="4">edt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Adams, L. P.</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="710" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)601409-4</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HEBIS Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015111714&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015111714</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV021896531 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:04:24Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:46:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)601409-4 |
| isbn | 0944426107 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015111714 |
| oclc_num | 18289867 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-706 |
| owner_facet | DE-706 |
| physical | XXIII, 445 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| publishDate | 1989 |
| publishDateSearch | 1989 |
| publishDateSort | 1989 |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Science and engineering series |
| spelling | Non-topographic photogrammetry American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Ed.-in-chief: H. M. Karara. Contr.: L. P. Adams 2. ed. Falls Church, Va. 1989 XXIII, 445 S. zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Science and engineering series Photogrammétrie Photogrammetry Fotogrammetrie (DE-588)4045892-1 gnd rswk-swf Fotogrammetrie (DE-588)4045892-1 s DE-604 Karara, H. M. edt Adams, L. P. Sonstige oth American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Sonstige (DE-588)601409-4 oth HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015111714&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Non-topographic photogrammetry Photogrammétrie Photogrammetry Fotogrammetrie (DE-588)4045892-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045892-1 |
| title | Non-topographic photogrammetry |
| title_auth | Non-topographic photogrammetry |
| title_exact_search | Non-topographic photogrammetry |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Non-topographic photogrammetry |
| title_full | Non-topographic photogrammetry American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Ed.-in-chief: H. M. Karara. Contr.: L. P. Adams |
| title_fullStr | Non-topographic photogrammetry American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Ed.-in-chief: H. M. Karara. Contr.: L. P. Adams |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-topographic photogrammetry American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Ed.-in-chief: H. M. Karara. Contr.: L. P. Adams |
| title_short | Non-topographic photogrammetry |
| title_sort | non topographic photogrammetry |
| topic | Photogrammétrie Photogrammetry Fotogrammetrie (DE-588)4045892-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Photogrammétrie Photogrammetry Fotogrammetrie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015111714&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kararahm nontopographicphotogrammetry AT adamslp nontopographicphotogrammetry AT americansocietyforphotogrammetryandremotesensing nontopographicphotogrammetry |