The Bantu languages:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Routledge
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | Reprint. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge language family series
4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 708 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 041541265x 9780415412650 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The Bantu languages |c ed. by Derek Nurse ... |
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| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b Routledge |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 708 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135781583814656 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: The Bantu languages
Autor: Nurse, Derek
Jahr: 2006
CONTENTS
List of illustrations xi
Lust of contributors x
List of abbreviations xvi
1 Introduction Derek Surse and Gerard Philippson I
1 Identifying the Bantu languages I
2 Referring to the Bantu languages 3
3 What is a Bantu language 3
4 The intended audience 10
5 The contents 10
6 Geographical coverage 11
PART 1 13
2 The sounds of the Bantu languages Ian Maddieson 15
1 Introduction 15
2 Vowels 15
3 Consonants 24
4 Laryngeal action in consonants 28
5 Clicks 31
6 Nasals and nasality 37
7 Pmsodic characteristics 40
3 Segmental phonology Larry M Hxman 42
1 Introduction 42
2 Proto-Bantu 42
3 Vowel phonology 45
4 Consonant phonology 49
5 Conclusion 58
4 Tone Charles Kisseherth and David Odden 59
1 introduction 59
2 Nominal tonology 60
3 Verbal tonology 61
4 Tonal phenomena in Bantu 62
5 Nonphonological factors 68
6 Conclusion 70
vi CONTENTS
5 Derivation ThihCSchadeberg 7»
1 Introduction stem, base, radical, extension 71
2 Verb-to-verb derivation 72
3 Verb-to-noun derivation ^
4 Noun-to-noun derivation 82
5 Noun-to-verb derivation **
6 Compounding So
6 Aspect aad tease la Baara bwguages Derek Nurse 90
1 Purpose, data base 90
2 Verb structures 90
3 Categories expressed in die verb 91
4 How tense and aspect are encoded 92
5 Aspect and tense categories 94
6 Summary, agenda 102
7 Baata aoasiaai morphology Francis Kaiumba 03
1 Introduction 103
2 History of noun classification 103
3 Bantu and Niger-Congo noun classes 105
4 The augment 107
5 Canonical vs. reduced noun class systems 108
6 Distribution and pairing of noun classes 109
7 Concord 111
8 Ciewter conflict resolution 113
9 Semantics of noun classes 114
10 Conclusion 120
8 Syntax Thomas Bearth 121
1 Introduction and preview 121
2 Verb valency - a key to elementary sentence structure 122
3 Word order, affix order and the topicality metric 126
4 Word order variation and canonical word order 128
5 Pragmatkfunctiom of wad order m core Baia^ 130
6 Passtvization 135
7 Inversion 139
9 Historical linguistics ThihCSchadeberg 143
1 Introduction 143
2 Proto-Bantu reconstructions 146
3 Bantu historical linguistics and history 154
19 Towards a historical classification of the Bantu
languages Derek Nurse and Gerard Philippson 164
1 Aim 164
2 Models 164
3 Previous studies 166
4 Methodology 167
CONTENTS vti
5 Preliminary results 168
6 Historical implications, future directions 179
11 Crl?artfaaliatiaa Tom (hUdemamt 182
1 Introduction 182
2 Bantu word forms, morphology and their gramnuncalization history 183
3 Grammatical i/auon and phonctK-phonological properties 190
4 Grantmabcalizatxm research and historical Bantu linguistics 191
12 Contact fauMam to the Baa** area Satikoko S Mufwem 195
1 Introduction 195
2 The variable role of contact: exogenous vs. endogenous lexifiers 1%
3 Conclusions 208
13 Th* acqaisMM af Basra laagaagrs Kathmnt Demmtk 209
i Introduction 209
2 The acquisition of Bantu noun class and agreement systems 211
3 The acquisition of Bantu verbal morphology and syt«actic structure* 214
4 The acquisition of phonology 219
5 Discussion 22°
tUKT 2 223
14 CroafWMs Baa*. JokmR Hbaer* 225
1 Introduction 225
2 Phonology 233
3 Morphology 239
4 Syntax 247
5 Conclusion 25S
» Bat*a(A43) Larry UHyman 257
1 introduction 257
2 Phonology 257
3 The noun and noun phrase **2
4 Verb derivation 272
5 Basic clause structure 2~
?? Nea(A44) Maarttn Mom
17 * a?(AS3) O i^CMriMid
3
283
1 Introttucoon ?**
2 Phonetics and phonology ,fj
3 Verbs 288
4 Nouna and trammab ?*?
5 Syntax M3
30?
2 SSET m
313
CONTENTS vii
5 Preliminary results 168
6 Historical implications, future directions I 79
11 Grammaticalization Tom tiuldemann 182
1 Introduction 182
2 Bantu word forms, morphology and their grammaticalization history ! 83
.3 Grammaticali/ation and phonetic-phonological properties 190
4 Grammaticalization research and historical Bantu linguistics 191
12 Contact languages in the Bantu area Salikokm S Mufwenc 195
1 Introduction 195
2 The variable role of contact: exogenous vs endogenous lexifiers 1 %
3 Conclusions 208
13 The acquisition of Bantu languages Kathenne Dcmuth 209
1 Introduction 209
2 The acquisition of Bantu noun class and agreement systems 211
3 The acquisition of Bantu verbal morphology and syntactic structures 214
4 The acquisition of phonology 219
5 Discussion 220
pari 2 223
14 Grassfields Bantu John R Walters 225
1 Introduction 225
2 Phonology 233
3 Morphology 239
4 Syntax 247
5 Conclusion 255
15 Basaa(A43) Larry M Hyman 257
1 Introduction 257
2 Phonology 257
3 The noun and noun phrase 262
4 Verb derivation 272
5 Basic clause structure 277
16 Nen (A44) Maarten Mom 283
1 Introduction 283
2 Phonetics and phonology 284
3 Verbs 288
4 Nouns and nominals 299
5 Syntax 303
17 Jt d?(A53) Gladys Guarisma 307
1 Introduction 307
2 Phonology 308
3 Noun classes 313
nil CONTENTS
4 Diminutive and augmentative I
5 Verb morphology 318
6 Sentence structure 3-8
18 Makaa (A83) Teresa Heath 335
1 Introduction 335
2 Phonology 335
3 Nouns and noun phrases 338
4 Verb 342
5 Syntax 346
6 Conclusion 348
19 The Banra language* of the torwt Claire Gregmre 349
1 Introduction 349
2 Phonology 3 51
3 Morphology 358
4 Conclusion 368
20 The B30 langaage group lolke J van dfr Veen 37!
1 Introduction 3 I
2 Phonology 377
3 Noun morphology 382
4 Verb morphology 38?
5 Conclusion 390
21 Baboie(CIOl) Myles Isntch 392
1 Speech community, classification, and dialects 39*
2 Phonology 393
3 Morphology 399
4 Syntax 415
22 Lejra (Beya dialect) (D25) Robert Botne 422
! Introduction 422
2 Phonology 423
3 Noun morphology 427
4 Verb morphology 435
5 Syntax 44*1
23 Bill (D32) Constance KuUch l^jenga 450
1 Introduction 45°
2 Phonology 45.3
3 Nomina) morphology 458
4 Verbal morphology 465
5 Summary 473
24 Kilimanjaro Bantu (EM and K74) Gerard Phihpptson and 475
Mane-Laure Montlakuc
1 General 475
2 Segmental phonology 476
CONTENTS ix
3 Tone 479
4 Noun morphology 5 Verb morphology 6 Conclusion 482 490 500
25 The lnterlacustrine zone (Zone J) Yvonne Bosun 501
1 Introduction 502
2 Phonology 3 Morphology 4 Conclusions 504 515 527
26 Ruiiji-Ruvuma (N10, P10-20) David Odder, 529
1 Introduction 529
2 Phonology .3 Morphology 4 Syntax 529 535 543
5 Summary 544
27 Makhuwa (P30) Charles Kisseberth 546
1 Zone P30 546
2 Makhuwa: geographical distribution and dialect differentiation 547
3 Makhuwa phonology 4 The verbal system 5 The nominal system 548 555 560
6 Syntax 565
28 Western Savanna (K. R) Gabnele Sommer 566
1 Demography and classification 2 Phonology, morphophonology and tone 3 Morphology and syntax 566 568 571
29 Herero (R31) Edward D Elderktn 581
1 Introduction 581
2 Phonology 3 Inflectional morphology 4 Lexicon 583 586 596
5 Phrases 603
6 Sentences 605
30 Zone S Derek Gmvlett 609
1 Geolinguisttc situation 2 Orthography 3 Phonology 4 Noun classes 609 611 611 620
5 Aspects of nominal derivation 6 Qualificatives 7 Verbal radical structure 624 626 630
x CONTENTS
8 Verba! inflection 631
9 Syntax 636
31 A classification of the Bantu language*: an update of Guthrie t
referential system Joum Sfaho 639
1 Introduction what, why and how 639
2 The new updated Guthrie list 641
BtNlogniphy 652
Language index 687
Sub/eel index 695
ILLUSTRATIONS
MAPS
I I Niger-Congo languages 2
I 2 Bantu languages 4
9 1 Guthrie s zones 145
9 2 The distribution of the locative suffix *-mi 157
12.1 Contact languages in the Bantu area 195
12.2 Labor migrations 198
14.1 Grassfields Bantu 226
19.1 The main Bantu languages of the Forest (Zones B. C and D) 350
20 1 Map of Gabon 372
21.1 Congo (Brazzaville) and Babole language area 392
22 1 Locauon of Lcga in the DRC 422
22.2 Approximate Lega dialect areas 423
23.1 Bila and its neighbors 451
25.1 The Interlacustnne languages 503
FIGURES
2.1 Xhosa vowel formant means 16
2.2 Kalanga vowel formant means 17
2.3 Nyamwezi vowel formant means 18
2.4 Vovc vowel formant means 19
2.5 Articulatory positions of six of the vowels of Fang (dialect of Bitam) 21
2.6 Fang vowel formant means 22
2 7 Nandc vowel formant means 23
2.8 Spectrogram of Nyarwanda tmwa imgadog 26
2 9 Spectrogram of Nyarwanda akahwa akabga dog (diminutive) 26
2.10 Spectrogram of Nyarwanda ugutMi ugutkwt/ ear 27
2 11 Spectrogram of Kalanga hapkha armpit 28
2.12 Waveform of the middle part of the GiTonga word babe/ fattier 29
2.13 Pitch contours illustrating effects of non-depressor and depressor /hi in S wati 30
2.14 Pitch effects of depressor nasals in the Giryama words /nhane/ eight and
ideophone /nho/ 30
2.15 Bantu languages with clicks 31
2.16 Spectrogram of the first part of the Ndebele word fjkd:[$a) slice!* 32
2.17 Closure durations and timing relations in the three click types of Zulu 33
2.18 EPG frames showing a dental click spoken by a male Zulu speaker 34
xi
xii ILLUSTRATIONS
2.19 EPG frames showing a lateral click spoken by a male Zulu speaker 35
2.20 EPG frames showing the releasing phase of a post-alveolar click spoken by
a male Zulu speaker 35
2.21 Peak negative pressure in the three click types of Zulu 36
2.22 Comparison of selected vowel and consonants lengths in Ganda and Sukuma 38
2.23 Spectrogram of the Nyamwezi word/rjapo/ basket 39
2.24 Spectrogram of the Nyamwezi word /lopa/ to suck 39
7.1 A semantic network for class 3 117
7.2 Swahili class 3/4 structure 119
9.1 The position of Bantu within Niger-Congo 155
11.1 The morphological structure of finite verb forms in Bantu 184
14.1 Piron s internal classification of Wide Grassfields 228
TABLES
2.1 Spirantization in four languages 20
2.2 Nasalized vowels in r/gungwel 24
2.3 IPA symbols and Zulu orthography for clicks 37
2.4 Comparison of mean vowel durations in three languages 38
7.1 Four often-cited lists of reconstructed PB noun prefixes 104
7.2 Summary of reconstructions of likely PB noun classes 105
7.3 The augment in selected languages 107
7.4 Comparative table of noun classes 109
7.5 Bantu paired noun classes 110
7.6 The most widely occurring noun class pairings 110
7.7 Bantu concords 112
7.8 Semantic content of noun classes 115
9.1 Morphologically defined word categories 149
9.2 PB nominal and pronominal prefixes 149
9.3 Verbal prefixes for participants and class 1 151
14.1 Seven isoglosses distinguish Eastern Grassfields from Momo and Ring 240
14.2 Reconstructed noun class formatives for Proto-Eastern Grassfields
and Proto-Momo and Ring 240
14.3 Third person subject markers in Bamoun 243
15.1 Noun class marking in Basaa 262
15.2 Noun class marking on nouns 263
15.3 Possessive pronouns 266
15.4 Connective and demonstratives 267
15.5 H tone prefix on noun + demonstrative this 267
15.6 Noun class concord on numerals 1 - 7 268
15.7 Adjectival nouns 268
15.8 Simplex pronouns 269
15.9 Complex pronouns 270
15.10 Verb extensions and their allomorphs 274
15.11 Vowel raising with causative --s and applicative--1 274
15.12 Extension combinations reports by Lemb and deGastines (1973:35) 276
15.13 Verb tenses + subjunctive and imperative 281
15.14 Progressive aspect 281
ILLUSTRATIONS xiii
15.15 Other periphrastic forms 282
16.1 Consonant phonemes 284
16.2 Vowel phonemes and harmony sets 285
16.3 Examples with recessive and dominant verb suffix 285
16.4 Tone and final vowel reduction in disyllabic noun roots 287
16.5 The final H shape 292
16.6 Examples of High tone shapes 293
16.7 The simple tenses 295
16.8 Semantic scheme of tenses 296
16.9 Nominal and pronominal prefixes 300
16.10 Modifiers with a numeral prefix 301
16.11 Pronominals with independent pronominal prefixes 301
16.12 The modifiers and pronominals with pronominal prefixes 301
16.13 Personal pronouns 302
18.1 Vowels (underlying) 336
18.2 Consonants 336
18.3 Makaa noun class prefixes 338
18.4 Summary of noun derivation in Makaa 339
18.5 Makaa noun compounding processes 339
18.6 Possessive concord 340
18.7 Noun modifier and copula concord 340
18.8 Associative noun phrase concord 341
18.9 Object pronouns and subject and object markers 342
18.10 Makaa verbal unit 343
18.11 Tense in the indicative 344
20.1 B30 noun class markers 383
20.2 B30 noun class pairings 384
20.3 Possessive determiners 386
20.4 Indefinite determiners 386
20.5 Some interrogative markers 386
20.6 Numeral determiners 387
20.7 Subject markers that formally differ from the corresponding noun
class markers 388
20.8 Subject pronouns 388
20.9 Object markers that formally differ from the corresponding noun
class markers 389
20.10 Predicative markers 390
22.1 Noun class prefixes 427
22.2 Noun genders: paired singular/plural classes 428
22.3 Noun genders: non-paired noun classes 428
22.4 Agreement prefixes 432
22.5 Templates for non-nasal prefixes 433
22.6 Demonstrative prefixes based on template forms for each non-nasal
class 433
22.7 Templates for nasal classes 433
22.8 Demonstrative forms based on nasal class prefixes 434
22.9 Adjective roots 434
22.10 -C(G)V stems 436
xiv ULl STRATH »NS
22 11 Some -CV ( VC VC )- roots 4 36
24 ! Consonant chart tor KB languages 4~X
24 2 Via and W lexical tone 4 79
24 3 Via class 9 nominal* in isolation and in come*! 480
24 4 Via nominal stems with syllabic prefix 480
24 5 Independent nominal prefixes 4X3
24 6 (lasses I and 3 IPs in KB 483
247 Dependent prefixes 48^
24 8 Possessive stems 489
24 9 Numeral stems 489
24 10 Nominal stems for numerals 7 to 10 490
24 11 KB subject prefixes 492
24 12 Independent personal pronouns 493
27 1 Rusuma Viakhuwa consonants M9
28 1 Some demographic information on selected Western Savanna languages 567
28 2 Consonant inventories (excluding click consonantsi 568
28-3 Click consonants in Ngamdand Ycyi (R411 A9
28 4 Vowel alternations in verbal contexts 570
28.5 Pre-prefix and nominal prefix (NP) forms 572
28 6 Nominal derivation 573
28 7 Pronominal concords (numerals, possessive* tin three sample languages 574
28.8 Concordia! elements on demonstratives in N gam t land Yeyi and in I uyana 574
28.9 Subject (SC) and object (OC-) concord elements 575
28.10 Independent personal pronouns 576
28.11 Constituent elements of non-compound inflected verb forms 576
28.12 Tense, aspect and mood in Ndonga (R 22) and I uyana (K31) 577
28.13 Verbal extensions 578
29 I Correlation between IPA letters and the letter groups of the
representation of Herero used here 582
29 2 Syllable structure of Herero 583
30.1 Phuim 613
30 2 Copt 615
30.3 Xhosa 615
30 4 Tsonga 616
30 5 Venda 616
30 6 Zulu 616
30.7 Zone S noun class system 620
30.8 Southern Sotho 622
30.9 GiTonga 623
30 10 Twnga 623
30 1 i Venda 624
30 12 Zulu and Tswana 624
30 13 Reflexive prefixes 624
30.14 Absolute (or emphatic) pronouns 625
30 15 Demonstratives 629
30.16 Zulu 629
|
| adam_txt |
Titel: The Bantu languages
Autor: Nurse, Derek
Jahr: 2006
CONTENTS
List of illustrations xi
Lust of contributors x\
List of abbreviations xvi
1 Introduction Derek Surse and Gerard Philippson I
1 Identifying the Bantu languages I
2 Referring to the Bantu languages 3
3 What is a Bantu language'' 3
4 The intended audience 10
5 The contents 10
6 Geographical coverage 11
PART 1 13
2 The sounds of the Bantu languages Ian Maddieson 15
1 Introduction 15
2 Vowels 15
3 Consonants 24
4 Laryngeal action in consonants 28
5 Clicks 31
6 Nasals and nasality 37
7 Pmsodic characteristics 40
3 Segmental phonology Larry M Hxman 42
1 Introduction 42
2 Proto-Bantu 42
3 Vowel phonology 45
4 Consonant phonology 49
5 Conclusion 58
4 Tone Charles Kisseherth and David Odden 59
1 introduction 59
2 Nominal tonology 60
3 Verbal tonology 61
4 Tonal phenomena in Bantu 62
5 Nonphonological factors 68
6 Conclusion 70
vi CONTENTS
5 Derivation ThihCSchadeberg 7»
1 Introduction stem, base, radical, extension 71
2 Verb-to-verb derivation 72
3 Verb-to-noun derivation ^
4 Noun-to-noun derivation 82
5 Noun-to-verb derivation **
6 Compounding So
6 Aspect aad tease la Baara bwguages Derek Nurse 90
1 Purpose, data base 90
2 Verb structures 90
3 Categories expressed in die verb 91
4 How tense and aspect are encoded 92
5 Aspect and tense categories 94
6 Summary, agenda 102
7 Baata aoasiaai morphology Francis Kaiumba 03
1 Introduction 103
2 History of noun classification 103
3 Bantu and Niger-Congo noun classes 105
4 The augment 107
5 Canonical vs. reduced noun class systems 108
6 Distribution and pairing of noun classes 109
7 Concord 111
8 Ciewter conflict resolution 113
9 Semantics of noun classes 114
10 Conclusion 120
8 Syntax Thomas Bearth 121
1 Introduction and preview 121
2 Verb valency - a key to elementary sentence structure 122
3 Word order, affix order and the topicality metric 126
4 Word order variation and canonical word order 128
5 Pragmatkfunctiom of wad order m core Baia^ 130
6 Passtvization 135
7 Inversion 139
9 Historical linguistics ThihCSchadeberg 143
1 Introduction 143
2 Proto-Bantu reconstructions 146
3 Bantu historical linguistics and history 154
19 Towards a historical classification of the Bantu
languages Derek Nurse and Gerard Philippson 164
1 Aim 164
2 Models 164
3 Previous studies 166
4 Methodology 167
CONTENTS vti
5 Preliminary results 168
6 Historical implications, future directions 179
11 Crl?artfaaliatiaa Tom (hUdemamt 182
1 Introduction 182
2 Bantu word forms, morphology and their gramnuncalization history 183
3 Grammatical i/auon and phonctK-phonological properties 190
4 Grantmabcalizatxm research and historical Bantu linguistics 191
12 Contact fauMam to the Baa** area Satikoko S Mufwem 195
1 Introduction 195
2 The variable role of contact: exogenous vs. endogenous lexifiers 1%
3 Conclusions 208
13 Th* acqaisMM af Basra laagaagrs Kathmnt Demmtk 209
i Introduction 209
2 The acquisition of Bantu noun class and agreement systems 211
3 The acquisition of Bantu verbal morphology and syt«actic structure* 214
4 The acquisition of phonology 219
5 Discussion 22°
tUKT 2 223
14 CroafWMs Baa*. JokmR Hbaer* 225
1 Introduction 225
2 Phonology 233
3 Morphology 239
4 Syntax 247
5 Conclusion 25S
» Bat*a(A43) Larry UHyman 257
1 introduction 257
2 Phonology 257
3 The noun and noun phrase **2
4 Verb derivation 272
5 Basic clause structure 2~
?? Nea(A44) Maarttn Mom
17 * a?(AS3) O'i^CMriMid
3
283
1 Introttucoon ?**
2 Phonetics and phonology ,fj
3 Verbs 288
4 Nouna and trammab ?*?
5 Syntax M3
30?
2 SSET m
313
CONTENTS vii
5 Preliminary results 168
6 Historical implications, future directions I 79
11 Grammaticalization Tom tiuldemann 182
1 Introduction 182
2 Bantu word forms, morphology and their grammaticalization history ! 83
.3 Grammaticali/ation and phonetic-phonological properties 190
4 Grammaticalization research and historical Bantu linguistics 191
12 Contact languages in the Bantu area Salikokm S Mufwenc 195
1 Introduction 195
2 The variable role of contact: exogenous vs endogenous lexifiers 1 %
3 Conclusions 208
13 The acquisition of Bantu languages Kathenne Dcmuth 209
1 Introduction 209
2 The acquisition of Bantu noun class and agreement systems 211
3 The acquisition of Bantu verbal morphology and syntactic structures 214
4 The acquisition of phonology 219
5 Discussion 220
pari 2 223
14 Grassfields Bantu John R Walters 225
1 Introduction 225
2 Phonology 233
3 Morphology 239
4 Syntax 247
5 Conclusion 255
15 Basaa(A43) Larry M Hyman 257
1 Introduction 257
2 Phonology 257
3 The noun and noun phrase 262
4 Verb derivation 272
5 Basic clause structure 277
16 Nen (A44) Maarten Mom 283
1 Introduction 283
2 Phonetics and phonology 284
3 Verbs 288
4 Nouns and nominals 299
5 Syntax 303
17 Jt d?(A53) Gladys Guarisma 307
1 Introduction 307
2 Phonology 308
3 Noun classes 313
nil CONTENTS
4 Diminutive and augmentative ' I"
5 Verb morphology 318
6 Sentence structure 3-8
18 Makaa (A83) Teresa Heath 335
1 Introduction 335
2 Phonology 335
3 Nouns and noun phrases 338
4 Verb 342
5 Syntax 346
6 Conclusion 348
19 The Banra language* of the torwt Claire Gregmre 349
1 Introduction 349
2 Phonology 3 51
3 Morphology 358
4 Conclusion 368
20 The B30 langaage group lolke J van dfr Veen 37!
1 Introduction 3' I
2 Phonology 377
3 Noun morphology 382
4 Verb morphology 38?
5 Conclusion 390
21 Baboie(CIOl) Myles Isntch 392
1 Speech community, classification, and dialects 39*
2 Phonology 393
3 Morphology 399
4 Syntax 415
22 Lejra (Beya dialect) (D25) Robert Botne 422
! Introduction 422
2 Phonology 423
3 Noun morphology 427
4 Verb morphology 435
5 Syntax 44*1
23 Bill (D32) Constance KuUch l^jenga 450
1 Introduction 45°
2 Phonology 45.3
3 Nomina) morphology 458
4 Verbal morphology 465
5 Summary 473
24 Kilimanjaro Bantu (EM and K74) Gerard Phihpptson and 475
Mane-Laure Montlakuc
1 General 475
2 Segmental phonology 476
CONTENTS ix
3 Tone 479
4 Noun morphology 5 Verb morphology 6 Conclusion 482 490 500
25 The lnterlacustrine zone (Zone J) Yvonne Bosun 501
1 Introduction 502
2 Phonology 3 Morphology 4 Conclusions 504 515 527
26 Ruiiji-Ruvuma (N10, P10-20) David Odder, 529
1 Introduction 529
2 Phonology .3 Morphology 4 Syntax 529 535 543
5 Summary 544
27 Makhuwa (P30) Charles Kisseberth 546
1 Zone P30 546
2 Makhuwa: geographical distribution and dialect differentiation 547
3 Makhuwa phonology 4 The verbal system 5 The nominal system 548 555 560
6 Syntax 565
28 Western Savanna (K. R) Gabnele Sommer 566
1 Demography and classification 2 Phonology, morphophonology and tone 3 Morphology and syntax 566 568 571
29 Herero (R31) Edward D Elderktn 581
1 Introduction 581
2 Phonology 3 Inflectional morphology 4 Lexicon 583 586 596
5 Phrases 603
6 Sentences 605
30 Zone S Derek Gmvlett 609
1 Geolinguisttc situation 2 Orthography 3 Phonology 4 Noun classes 609 611 611 620
5 Aspects of nominal derivation 6 Qualificatives 7 Verbal radical structure 624 626 630
x CONTENTS
8 Verba! inflection 631
9 Syntax 636
31 A classification of the Bantu language*: an update of Guthrie't
referential system Joum Sfaho 639
1 Introduction what, why and how 639
2 The new updated Guthrie list 641
BtNlogniphy 652
Language index 687
Sub/eel index 695
ILLUSTRATIONS
MAPS
I I Niger-Congo languages 2
I 2 Bantu languages 4
9 1 Guthrie's zones 145
9 2 The distribution of the locative suffix *-mi 157
12.1 Contact languages in the Bantu area 195
12.2 Labor migrations 198
14.1 Grassfields Bantu 226
19.1 The main Bantu languages of the Forest (Zones B. C and D) 350
20 1 Map of Gabon 372
21.1 Congo (Brazzaville) and Babole language area 392
22 1 Locauon of Lcga in the DRC 422
22.2 Approximate Lega dialect areas 423
23.1 Bila and its neighbors 451
25.1 The Interlacustnne languages 503
FIGURES
2.1 Xhosa vowel formant means 16
2.2 Kalanga vowel formant means 17
2.3 Nyamwezi vowel formant means 18
2.4 Vovc vowel formant means 19
2.5 Articulatory positions of six of the vowels of Fang (dialect of Bitam) 21
2.6 Fang vowel formant means 22
2 7 Nandc vowel formant means 23
2.8 Spectrogram of Nyarwanda tmwa imgadog' 26
2 9 Spectrogram of Nyarwanda akahwa akabga 'dog (diminutive)' 26
2.10 Spectrogram of Nyarwanda ugutMi 'ugutkwt/ 'ear' 27
2 11 Spectrogram of Kalanga hapkha 'armpit" 28
2.12 Waveform of the middle part of the GiTonga word babe/ ' fattier' 29
2.13 Pitch contours illustrating effects of non-depressor and depressor /hi in S wati 30
2.14 Pitch effects of depressor nasals in the Giryama words /nhane/ 'eight' and
ideophone /nho/ 30
2.15 Bantu languages with clicks 31
2.16 Spectrogram of the first part of the Ndebele word fjkd:[$a) 'slice!* 32
2.17 Closure durations and timing relations in the three click types of Zulu 33
2.18 EPG frames showing a dental click spoken by a male Zulu speaker 34
xi
xii ILLUSTRATIONS
2.19 EPG frames showing a lateral click spoken by a male Zulu speaker 35
2.20 EPG frames showing the releasing phase of a post-alveolar click spoken by
a male Zulu speaker 35
2.21 Peak negative pressure in the three click types of Zulu 36
2.22 Comparison of selected vowel and consonants lengths in Ganda and Sukuma 38
2.23 Spectrogram of the Nyamwezi word/rjapo/'basket' 39
2.24 Spectrogram of the Nyamwezi word /lopa/ 'to suck' 39
7.1 A semantic network for class 3 117
7.2 Swahili class 3/4 structure 119
9.1 The position of Bantu within Niger-Congo 155
11.1 The morphological structure of finite verb forms in Bantu 184
14.1 Piron's internal classification of Wide Grassfields 228
TABLES
2.1 Spirantization in four languages 20
2.2 Nasalized vowels in r/gungwel 24
2.3 IPA symbols and Zulu orthography for clicks 37
2.4 Comparison of mean vowel durations in three languages 38
7.1 Four often-cited lists of reconstructed PB noun prefixes 104
7.2 Summary of reconstructions of likely PB noun classes 105
7.3 The augment in selected languages 107
7.4 Comparative table of noun classes 109
7.5 Bantu paired noun classes 110
7.6 The most widely occurring noun class pairings 110
7.7 Bantu concords 112
7.8 Semantic content of noun classes 115
9.1 Morphologically defined word categories 149
9.2 PB nominal and pronominal prefixes 149
9.3 Verbal prefixes for participants and class 1 151
14.1 Seven isoglosses distinguish Eastern Grassfields from Momo and Ring 240
14.2 Reconstructed noun class formatives for Proto-Eastern Grassfields
and Proto-Momo and Ring 240
14.3 Third person subject markers in Bamoun 243
15.1 Noun class marking in Basaa 262
15.2 Noun class marking on nouns 263
15.3 Possessive pronouns 266
15.4 Connective and demonstratives 267
15.5 H tone prefix on noun + demonstrative 'this' 267
15.6 Noun class concord on numerals ' 1 '-'7' 268
15.7 Adjectival nouns 268
15.8 Simplex pronouns 269
15.9 Complex pronouns 270
15.10 Verb extensions and their allomorphs 274
15.11 Vowel raising with causative --s and applicative--1 274
15.12 Extension combinations reports by Lemb and deGastines (1973:35) 276
15.13 Verb tenses + subjunctive and imperative 281
15.14 Progressive aspect 281
ILLUSTRATIONS xiii
15.15 Other periphrastic forms 282
16.1 Consonant phonemes 284
16.2 Vowel phonemes and harmony sets 285
16.3 Examples with recessive and dominant verb suffix 285
16.4 Tone and final vowel reduction in disyllabic noun roots 287
16.5 The final H shape 292
16.6 Examples of High tone shapes 293
16.7 The simple tenses 295
16.8 Semantic scheme of tenses 296
16.9 Nominal and pronominal prefixes 300
16.10 Modifiers with a numeral prefix 301
16.11 Pronominals with independent pronominal prefixes 301
16.12 The modifiers and pronominals with pronominal prefixes 301
16.13 Personal pronouns 302
18.1 Vowels (underlying) 336
18.2 Consonants 336
18.3 Makaa noun class prefixes 338
18.4 Summary of noun derivation in Makaa 339
18.5 Makaa noun compounding processes 339
18.6 Possessive concord 340
18.7 Noun modifier and copula concord 340
18.8 Associative noun phrase concord 341
18.9 Object pronouns and subject and object markers 342
18.10 Makaa verbal unit 343
18.11 Tense in the indicative 344
20.1 B30 noun class markers 383
20.2 B30 noun class pairings 384
20.3 Possessive determiners 386
20.4 Indefinite determiners 386
20.5 Some interrogative markers 386
20.6 Numeral determiners 387
20.7 Subject markers that formally differ from the corresponding noun
class markers 388
20.8 Subject pronouns 388
20.9 Object markers that formally differ from the corresponding noun
class markers 389
20.10 Predicative markers 390
22.1 Noun class prefixes 427
22.2 Noun genders: paired singular/plural classes 428
22.3 Noun genders: non-paired noun classes 428
22.4 Agreement prefixes 432
22.5 Templates for non-nasal prefixes 433
22.6 Demonstrative prefixes based on template forms for each non-nasal
class 433
22.7 Templates for nasal classes 433
22.8 Demonstrative forms based on nasal class prefixes 434
22.9 Adjective roots 434
22.10 -C(G)V stems 436
xiv ULl'STRATH »NS
22 11 Some -CV ( VC VC )- roots 4 36
24 ! Consonant chart tor KB languages 4~X
24 2 Via and W lexical tone 4 79
24 3 Via class 9 nominal* in isolation and in come*! 480
24 4 Via nominal stems with syllabic prefix 480
24 5 Independent nominal prefixes 4X3
24 6 (lasses I and 3 IPs in KB 483
247 Dependent prefixes 48^
24 8 Possessive stems 489
24 9 Numeral stems 489
24 10 Nominal stems for numerals 7 to 10 490
24 11 KB subject prefixes 492
24 12 Independent personal pronouns 493
27 1 Rusuma Viakhuwa consonants M9
28 1 Some demographic information on selected Western Savanna languages 567
28 2 Consonant inventories (excluding click consonantsi 568
28-3 Click consonants in Ngamdand Ycyi (R411 A9
28 4 Vowel alternations in verbal contexts 570
28.5 Pre-prefix and nominal prefix (NP) forms 572
28 6 Nominal derivation 573
28 7 Pronominal concords (numerals, possessive* tin three sample languages 574
28.8 Concordia! elements on demonstratives in N gam t land Yeyi and in I uyana 574
28.9 Subject (SC) and object (OC-) concord elements 575
28.10 Independent personal pronouns 576
28.11 Constituent elements of non-compound inflected verb forms 576
28.12 Tense, aspect and mood in Ndonga (R 22) and I uyana (K31) 577
28.13 Verbal extensions 578
29 I Correlation between IPA letters and the letter groups of the
representation of Herero used here 582
29 2 Syllable structure of Herero 583
30.1 Phuim 613
30 2 Copt 615
30.3 Xhosa 615
30 4 Tsonga 616
30 5 Venda 616
30 6 Zulu 616
30.7 Zone S noun class system 620
30.8 Southern Sotho 622
30.9 GiTonga 623
30 10 Twnga 623
30 1 i Venda 624
30 12 Zulu and Tswana 624
30 13 Reflexive prefixes 624
30.14 Absolute (or emphatic) pronouns 625
30 15 Demonstratives 629
30.16 Zulu 629 |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:01:49Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:45:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 041541265x 9780415412650 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | The Bantu languages ed. by Derek Nurse ... Reprint. London [u.a.] Routledge 2006 XVII, 708 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge language family series 4 Langues bantoues ram Bantu languages Bantusprachen (DE-588)4112668-3 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Bantusprachen (DE-588)4112668-3 s DE-604 Nurse, Derek Sonstige oth Routledge language family series 4 (DE-604)BV017403594 4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015057144&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | The Bantu languages Routledge language family series Langues bantoues ram Bantu languages Bantusprachen (DE-588)4112668-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4112668-3 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | The Bantu languages |
| title_auth | The Bantu languages |
| title_exact_search | The Bantu languages |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Bantu languages |
| title_full | The Bantu languages ed. by Derek Nurse ... |
| title_fullStr | The Bantu languages ed. by Derek Nurse ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Bantu languages ed. by Derek Nurse ... |
| title_short | The Bantu languages |
| title_sort | the bantu languages |
| topic | Langues bantoues ram Bantu languages Bantusprachen (DE-588)4112668-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Langues bantoues Bantu languages Bantusprachen Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015057144&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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