Prywatyzacja w krajach postkomunistycznych:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Inst. Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akad. Nauk
2006
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Privatization in post-communist countries |
| Beschreibung: | 323 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 8388490834 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135757476003840 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis
tresei
1.
Ogólnie o problemie i metodzie
............................................ 9
2.
Punkt wyjścia: kryzys systemu nakazowo-
-rozdzielczego
............................................................................ 23
2.1.
System nakazowo-rozdzielczy i
j
ego dwa filary
................... 23
2.2.
Próby zreformowania realnego socjalizmu
.......................... 28
2.3.
Warunki startu reform, systemowych
.................................. 37
2.4.
Podsumowanie
...................................................................... 51
3.
Pry
watyzacja jako wybór strategiczny
............................... 55
3.1.
Koncepcje reform systemowych
........................................... 55
3.2.
Własność prywatna jako jeden z filarów transformacji
...... 58
3.3.
Nadzór korporacyjny
............................................................. 66
3.4.
Cele prywatyzacji
.................................................................. 73
3.5.
Prywatyzacja a inne elementy reform systemowych.
Sekwencja, tempo i zakres
................................................... 80
3.6.
Podsumowanie
...................................................................... 84
4.
Strategia i taktyka prywatyzacji w krajach
postkomunistycznych
.............................................................. 91
4.1.
Polityka prywatyzacyjna a kierunek transformacji
systemowej
............................................................................ 91
4.2.
Ewolucja sposobów podejścia do polityki prywatyzacyjnej
... 100
4.3.
Metody i techniki prywatyzacji
............................................ 104
4.4.
Typologia modeli polityki prywatyzacyjnej
......................... 129
4.5.
Podsumowanie
...................................................................... 131
5.
Efekty prywatyzacji
................................................................. 135
5.1.
Metodologia oceny wyników prywatyzacji
........................... 135
5.2.
Osiągnięcie systemowego celu prywatyzacji
........................ 137
5.3.
Osiągnięcie ekonomicznego celu prywatyzacji
..................... 154
5.4.
Osiągnięcie pozostałych celów prywatyzacji
........................ 174
5.5.
Podsumowanie
....................................................................... 191
6.
Źródła sukcesów i porażek prywatyzacji
............................ 199
6.1.
Powszechne dylematy transformacji
.................................... 199
6.2.
Szczebel mikro: przezwyciężenie „spadku
po przedsiębiorstwie państwowym
....................................... 204
6.3.
Szczebel makro: warunki powodzenia prywatyzacji
........... 214
6.4.
Pułapki transformacji
........................................................... 240
6.5.
Podsumowanie
....................................................................... 255
7.
Konkluzje
.................................................................................... 265
7.1.
Prywatyzacja: jej przebieg, sukcesy i porażki
...................... 266
7.2.
W poszukiwaniu dróg wyjścia
............................................... 282
7.3.
Zamiast podsumowania: kilka wniosków i zaleceń
dla hipotetycznego rządu
...................................................... 295
Bibliografia
..................................................................................... 301
Summary
......................................................................................... 321
Privatization in Post-Communist Countries
Summary
The book presents an attempt to show privatization in the post-communist
countries as one of the pillars of the transition, being a part of a sophisticated
process in which all its main elements are bound together and all their
successes and failures are mutually dependent. The research shows that
privatization is not a mere technical task, but a multidimensional process,
on a scale unprecedented in the history of mankind, that includes a wide
range of economic, political, social, institutional, organizational, cultural,
and intellectual problems. Regardless all the diversity of goals, course and
outcome of privatization in each country, there are certain universal
regularities that apply to all the post-communist transformation: e.g., forming
of various interest groups and their impact on the reform process.
There were two main goals of the analysis. The first one, cognitive,
presented an attempt to answer two questions: on the outcome of
privatization in terms of its successes and failures, and on the role and the
place of privatization in the course of post-communist reforms. This may be
regarded as a contribution to creation of medium-term theory of post-
communist transformation. The second, applied goal was to elaborate
recommendations for politicians and policy makers aimed at improvement
of privatization processes (and, to a certain extent, at improvement of the
whole transition process).
The book covers the whole period of the post-communist transformation:
since its beginning in
1989-1991
till the end of
2005.
Besides, in the
framework of the analysis of the historic heritage of the reforms, the whole
epoch of the real socialism from its emergence till collapse has been briefly
presented. The study covers virtually all the post-communist countries analyzed
separately and in groups that reflect the advancement of the reforms.
The book starts with analysis of the initial conditions of privatization as
an integral part of the transition which includes the description of the
command system, attempts to modify it and its evolution up to the outbreak
322
Summary
of the systemic crisis and the ultimate collapse of communism. Other initial
conditions were also analyzed, including historic and
socio-cultural
factors.
Next, the main dilemmas of privatization strategies were analyzed in the
context of setting the goals and character of the post-communist
transformation. Both transformation and privatization concepts were
presented, together with the goals and instruments of privatization, and the
place of privatization in the post-communist reforms. At this stage of the
research, mainly theoretical and hypothetical aspects of these topics were
shown. In the next sections of the book, they were verified by the real course
of the ownership transformation. Special attention was paid to privatization
outcomes from the perspective of the goals that had been set by the reformers.
Interdependence between realization of these goals and their impact on the
course of post-communist transformation were also analyzed. The next step
was an attempt to identify the main sources of privatization successes and
failures on macro- and micro-levels, and in the context of the successes
and failures of the whole reform process. This made possible, using
privatization as an example, not only to evaluate the relevance of the choices
made by the reformers, but also the relevance of formulated dilemmas. The
last section of the book is devoted to the perspectives of getting out of the
traps in which privatization and the whole reform process had been caught.
Possible ways to unlock the reforms, to overcome the piles of dysfunctions
were examined.
One of the main lessons derived from the analysis is the following: the
sixteen-year history of privatization in post-communist countries (and
the whole reform process as well) shows that the main question is not
whether to privatize but how to privatize in the most efficient way. The
fact that privatization is an integral part of the post-communist reforms that
cover all the essential spheres of the economic, social, and political life, means
that the success of privatization is determined not only by adoption of efficient
strategy and tactics of privatization, but also by efficient reforms of other
spheres of economy and society, and by the existence of the broad social base
that actively supports the reforms. Comparative analysis shows that those
countries that enjoy the most successful transformation are characterized by
the combination of political will of the government, coherent and complex
reform design and implementation, and historical and cultural preconditions
that have facilitated acquisition of market behavior. On the other hand, those
countries where there was no such a political will, where reforms were formal,
and where the society had no traditions and skills that would help to build
market economy and civil society, were among the greatest losers of
transformation.
Transformation processes in all the post-communist countries were to
greater or lesser extent dysfunctional. In almost all these countries, including
those widely acknowledged as the leaders of the reforms, this led to formation
__________________________
Summary
_______________________323
of powerful interest groups ( early winners ) who benefited extremely at the
beginning of the transformation due to the fact that they controlled
the redistribution of various resources, mainly property and capital flows.
Continuation of the reform process may jeopardize their rent-seeking
capabilities and in most countries under research, these groups proved to be
strong enough to lock further reforms. In the book, a model of the partial
reform equilibrium trap has been presented which explained the dynamics
of the transition by interrelations between the main interest groups. Analysis
of the model brings at most moderately optimistic conclusions: at present
time, there are almost no capabilities for a considerable acceleration of the
reform process, because it would violate interests of the early winners who
exert strong influence on the government s policy or even have captured the
state. One should rather expect slow and gradual changes that reflect
evolution of attitudes and behavior of the main interest groups. There is
a chance that, from time to time, changing opportunity costs would force some
early winners to enter the camp of the reform supporters. This would lead
to a new equilibrium of interests, with more advanced reforms and with less
powerful opposition towards transformation. There is a hope that after
a number of such steps, in some more close or distant future, this would lead
to a successful completion of the post-communist transformation.
|
| adam_txt |
Spis
tresei
1.
Ogólnie o problemie i metodzie
. 9
2.
Punkt wyjścia: kryzys systemu nakazowo-
-rozdzielczego
. 23
2.1.
System nakazowo-rozdzielczy i
j
ego dwa filary
. 23
2.2.
Próby zreformowania realnego socjalizmu
. 28
2.3.
Warunki startu reform, systemowych
. 37
2.4.
Podsumowanie
. 51
3.
Pry
watyzacja jako wybór strategiczny
. 55
3.1.
Koncepcje reform systemowych
. 55
3.2.
Własność prywatna jako jeden z filarów transformacji
. 58
3.3.
Nadzór korporacyjny
. 66
3.4.
Cele prywatyzacji
. 73
3.5.
Prywatyzacja a inne elementy reform systemowych.
Sekwencja, tempo i zakres
. 80
3.6.
Podsumowanie
. 84
4.
Strategia i taktyka prywatyzacji w krajach
postkomunistycznych
. 91
4.1.
Polityka prywatyzacyjna a kierunek transformacji
systemowej
. 91
4.2.
Ewolucja sposobów podejścia do polityki prywatyzacyjnej
. 100
4.3.
Metody i techniki prywatyzacji
. 104
4.4.
Typologia modeli polityki prywatyzacyjnej
. 129
4.5.
Podsumowanie
. 131
5.
Efekty prywatyzacji
. 135
5.1.
Metodologia oceny wyników prywatyzacji
. 135
5.2.
Osiągnięcie systemowego celu prywatyzacji
. 137
5.3.
Osiągnięcie ekonomicznego celu prywatyzacji
. 154
5.4.
Osiągnięcie pozostałych celów prywatyzacji
. 174
5.5.
Podsumowanie
. 191
6.
Źródła sukcesów i porażek prywatyzacji
. 199
6.1.
Powszechne dylematy transformacji
. 199
6.2.
Szczebel mikro: przezwyciężenie „spadku"
po przedsiębiorstwie państwowym
. 204
6.3.
Szczebel makro: warunki powodzenia prywatyzacji
. 214
6.4.
Pułapki transformacji
. 240
6.5.
Podsumowanie
. 255
7.
Konkluzje
. 265
7.1.
Prywatyzacja: jej przebieg, sukcesy i porażki
. 266
7.2.
W poszukiwaniu dróg wyjścia
. 282
7.3.
Zamiast podsumowania: kilka wniosków i zaleceń
dla hipotetycznego rządu
. 295
Bibliografia
. 301
Summary
. 321
Privatization in Post-Communist Countries
Summary
The book presents an attempt to show privatization in the post-communist
countries as one of the pillars of the transition, being a part of a sophisticated
process in which all its main elements are bound together and all their
successes and failures are mutually dependent. The research shows that
privatization is not a mere technical task, but a multidimensional process,
on a scale unprecedented in the history of mankind, that includes a wide
range of economic, political, social, institutional, organizational, cultural,
and intellectual problems. Regardless all the diversity of goals, course and
outcome of privatization in each country, there are certain universal
regularities that apply to all the post-communist transformation: e.g., forming
of various interest groups and their impact on the reform process.
There were two main goals of the analysis. The first one, cognitive,
presented an attempt to answer two questions: on the outcome of
privatization in terms of its successes and failures, and on the role and the
place of privatization in the course of post-communist reforms. This may be
regarded as a contribution to creation of medium-term theory of post-
communist transformation. The second, applied goal was to elaborate
recommendations for politicians and policy makers aimed at improvement
of privatization processes (and, to a certain extent, at improvement of the
whole transition process).
The book covers the whole period of the post-communist transformation:
since its beginning in
1989-1991
till the end of
2005.
Besides, in the
framework of the analysis of the "historic heritage" of the reforms, the whole
epoch of the "real socialism" from its emergence till collapse has been briefly
presented. The study covers virtually all the post-communist countries analyzed
separately and in groups that reflect the advancement of the reforms.
The book starts with analysis of the initial conditions of privatization as
an integral part of the transition which includes the description of the
command system, attempts to modify it and its evolution up to the outbreak
322
Summary
of the systemic crisis and the ultimate collapse of communism. Other initial
conditions were also analyzed, including historic and
socio-cultural
factors.
Next, the main dilemmas of privatization strategies were analyzed in the
context of setting the goals and character of the post-communist
transformation. Both transformation and privatization concepts were
presented, together with the goals and instruments of privatization, and the
place of privatization in the post-communist reforms. At this stage of the
research, mainly theoretical and hypothetical aspects of these topics were
shown. In the next sections of the book, they were verified by the real course
of the ownership transformation. Special attention was paid to privatization
outcomes from the perspective of the goals that had been set by the reformers.
Interdependence between realization of these goals and their impact on the
course of post-communist transformation were also analyzed. The next step
was an attempt to identify the main sources of privatization successes and
failures on macro- and micro-levels, and in the context of the successes
and failures of the whole reform process. This made possible, using
privatization as an example, not only to evaluate the relevance of the choices
made by the reformers, but also the relevance of formulated dilemmas. The
last section of the book is devoted to the perspectives of getting out of the
traps in which privatization and the whole reform process had been caught.
Possible ways to unlock the reforms, to overcome the piles of dysfunctions
were examined.
One of the main lessons derived from the analysis is the following: the
sixteen-year history of privatization in post-communist countries (and
the whole reform process as well) shows that the main question is not
"whether to privatize" but "how to privatize" in the most efficient way. The
fact that privatization is an integral part of the post-communist reforms that
cover all the essential spheres of the economic, social, and political life, means
that the success of privatization is determined not only by adoption of efficient
strategy and tactics of privatization, but also by efficient reforms of other
spheres of economy and society, and by the existence of the broad social base
that actively supports the reforms. Comparative analysis shows that those
countries that enjoy the most successful transformation are characterized by
the combination of political will of the government, coherent and complex
reform design and implementation, and historical and cultural preconditions
that have facilitated acquisition of market behavior. On the other hand, those
countries where there was no such a political will, where reforms were formal,
and where the society had no traditions and skills that would help to build
market economy and civil society, were among the greatest losers of
transformation.
Transformation processes in all the post-communist countries were to
greater or lesser extent dysfunctional. In almost all these countries, including
those widely acknowledged as the leaders of the reforms, this led to formation
_
Summary
_323
of powerful interest groups ("early winners") who benefited extremely at the
beginning of the transformation due to the fact that they controlled
the redistribution of various resources, mainly property and capital flows.
Continuation of the reform process may jeopardize their rent-seeking
capabilities and in most countries under research, these groups proved to be
strong enough to lock further reforms. In the book, a model of the partial
reform equilibrium trap has been presented which explained the dynamics
of the transition by interrelations between the main interest groups. Analysis
of the model brings at most moderately optimistic conclusions: at present
time, there are almost no capabilities for a considerable acceleration of the
reform process, because it would violate interests of the "early winners" who
exert strong influence on the government's policy or even have captured the
state. One should rather expect slow and gradual changes that reflect
evolution of attitudes and behavior of the main interest groups. There is
a chance that, from time to time, changing opportunity costs would force some
"early winners" to enter the camp of the reform supporters. This would lead
to a new equilibrium of interests, with more advanced reforms and with less
powerful opposition towards transformation. There is a hope that after
a number of such steps, in some more close or distant future, this would lead
to a successful completion of the post-communist transformation. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Kozarzewski, Piotr 1960- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)171576918 |
| author_facet | Kozarzewski, Piotr 1960- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kozarzewski, Piotr 1960- |
| author_variant | p k pk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021828624 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)69306337 (DE-599)BVBBV021828624 |
| era | Geschichte 1989-2005 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1989-2005 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Transformationsländer (DE-588)4651141-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Transformationsländer |
| id | DE-604.BV021828624 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T15:56:32Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:45:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 8388490834 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015040651 |
| oclc_num | 69306337 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 323 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Inst. Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akad. Nauk |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kozarzewski, Piotr 1960- Verfasser (DE-588)171576918 aut Prywatyzacja w krajach postkomunistycznych Piotr Kozarzewski Warszawa Inst. Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akad. Nauk 2006 323 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Privatization in post-communist countries Geschichte 1989-2005 gnd rswk-swf Privatisierung (DE-588)4047297-8 gnd rswk-swf Transformationsländer (DE-588)4651141-6 gnd rswk-swf Transformationsländer (DE-588)4651141-6 g Privatisierung (DE-588)4047297-8 s Geschichte 1989-2005 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015040651&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015040651&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Kozarzewski, Piotr 1960- Prywatyzacja w krajach postkomunistycznych Privatisierung (DE-588)4047297-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4047297-8 (DE-588)4651141-6 |
| title | Prywatyzacja w krajach postkomunistycznych |
| title_auth | Prywatyzacja w krajach postkomunistycznych |
| title_exact_search | Prywatyzacja w krajach postkomunistycznych |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Prywatyzacja w krajach postkomunistycznych |
| title_full | Prywatyzacja w krajach postkomunistycznych Piotr Kozarzewski |
| title_fullStr | Prywatyzacja w krajach postkomunistycznych Piotr Kozarzewski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prywatyzacja w krajach postkomunistycznych Piotr Kozarzewski |
| title_short | Prywatyzacja w krajach postkomunistycznych |
| title_sort | prywatyzacja w krajach postkomunistycznych |
| topic | Privatisierung (DE-588)4047297-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Privatisierung Transformationsländer |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015040651&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015040651&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kozarzewskipiotr prywatyzacjawkrajachpostkomunistycznych |