Assessing the hazard of metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems: proceedings from the Workshop on Hazard Identification Approach for Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances, 3 - 8 May 2003, Pensacola Beach, Florida USA
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Tagungsbericht Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton
CRC Press [u.a.]
2007
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| Schriftenreihe: | SETAC publications
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | 146 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1420044400 9781420044409 1880611899 9781880611890 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Assessing the hazard of metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems |b proceedings from the Workshop on Hazard Identification Approach for Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances, 3 - 8 May 2003, Pensacola Beach, Florida USA |c ed. by William J. Adams ... |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Métaux - Toxicologie |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Metals |x Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental risk assessment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Metals |x Toxicology | |
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| adam_text | Table of Contents
Acknowledgments.....................................................................................................xi
Editors.....................................................................................................................xiii
Workshop Participants.............................................................................................xv
Chapter 1 A Pellston Workshop on Metals Hazard Assessment..........................1
William J. Adams and Peter M. Chapman
1.1 Introduction to the Workshop..........................................................................1
1.2 Hazard Identification, Classification, and Assessment....................................2
1.3 Workshop Purpose and Goals..........................................................................4
References..................................................................................................................4
Chapter 2 Executive Summary.............................................................................7
William J. Adams and Peter M. Chapman
2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................7
2.2 Persistence........................................................................................................7
2.3 Bioaccumulation...............................................................................................8
2.4 Toxicity.............................................................................................................8
2.5 Terrestrial Environment....................................................................................9
2.6 Conclusion......................................................................................................10
Chapter 3 Integrated Approach for Hazard Assessment of Metals and
Inorganic Metal Substances: The Unit World Model Approach.......11
Adam Peters, William J. Adams, Miriam L. Diamond, William Davison,
Dominic M. Di Torn, Patrick J. Doyle, Donald Mackay, Jerome Nriagu,
Carol Ptacek, James M. Skeaff, Edward Tipping, and Hugo Waeterschoot
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................11
3.1.1 Background........................................................................................11
3.1.2 A Unifying Model..............................................................................13
3.2 The Unit World Model (UWM)....................................................................14
3.3 Hazard Assessment Framework for a Generic Environment........................16
3.3.1 Generalized Model Framework.........................................................16
3.3.2 Water Column/Sediment Model........................................................17
3.3.3 Soil Model..........................................................................................21
3.3.4 Key Processes.....................................................................................23
3.4 Source Term...................................................................................................23
3.4.1 Natural Occurrence of Metals............................................................24
3.4.2 Determining the Input Term..............................................................24
3.4.2.1 Measuring Tool for the Aquatic Compartment..................26
3.4.2.2 Measuring Tool for the Soil Compartment........................26
3.4.3 Combinations of Commercial Compounds.......................................28
3.4.4 Generic Data Needs...........................................................................28
3.5 Application of the UWM...............................................................................28
3.5.1 Application to Classification..............................................................30
3.5.2 Application to Ranking......................................................................30
3.5.3 Application to Screening Assessment...............................................31
3.5.4 Distribution of the Mass Input into Compartments for
Different Assessment Levels..............................................................31
3.5.5 Precautionary Approach.....................................................................31
3.6 Illustrations of Hazard Assessments..............................................................32
3.6.1 Example 1: The Generic Environment (Unit World)........................32
3.6.1.1 Organic Compounds...........................................................34
3.6.1.2 2 Metals..............................................................................41
3.6.2 Example 2: A Simple Approach for Soils.........................................41
3.6.2.1 Denning a Unit World Soil................................................41
3.6.2.2 Scoping Calculations..........................................................45
3.6.2.3 Application..........................................................................46
3.6.3 Example 3: The Water Column/Sediment Model.............................46
3.7 Steps Required to Proceed from a Prototype to a Workable Model............48
3.7.1 Implementation...................................................................................48
3.7.2 UWM Evaluation and Validation.......................................................49
Acknowledgments....................................................................................................51
References................................................................................................................51
Chapter 4 Bioaccumulation: Hazard Identification of Metals and
Inorganic Metal Substances...............................................................55
Christian E. Schlekat, James C. McGeer, Ronny Blust, Uwe Borgmann,
Kevin V. Brix, Nicolas Bury, Yves Couillard, Robert L. Dwyer, Samuel N. Luoma,
Steve Robertson, Keith G. Sappington, Use Schoeters, and Dick T.H.M. Sijm
4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................55
4.2 Regulatory Objectives of Bioaccumulation in Hazard Assessment..............56
4.2.1 European Union (EU)........................................................................56
4.2.2 United States......................................................................................56
4.2.3 Canada................................................................................................57
4.3 Scientific Basis of Metal Bioaccumulation: Current State of
Understanding................................................................................................57
4.3.1 Mechanisms of Metal Uptake............................................................57
4.3.2 Gill vs. Gut Environments.................................................................58
4.3.3 Chemical Speciation and Biological Availability..............................59
4.3.4 Bioaccumulation and Toxicity...........................................................60
4.3.5 Metal Exposure Concentrations and Accumulation..........................62
4.4 Limitations of Current Approach to Bioconcentration Factors (BCFs)
and Bioaccumulation Factors (BAFs)...........................................................63
4.4.1 Metal Bioaccumulation, Toxicity, and Trophic Transfer...................63
4.4.1.1 Inverse Relationships..........................................................63
4.4.1.2 Bioaccumulation in Relation to Chronic Toxicity.............64
4.4.1.3 Trophic Transfer.................................................................65
4.4.2 Implication.........................................................................................65
4.5 Further Guidance on Bioaccumulation..........................................................65
4.5.1 Biodynamic Models...........................................................................65
4.5.2 Application of BCF and BAF Data...................................................66
4.5.2.1 Linking BCF with Chronic Lethality.................................66
4.5.2.2 Accounting for Accumulation from Background
Concentrations....................................................................71
4.5.2.3 Calculating BCF and BAF Values over a Limited
Range of Concentrations....................................................71
4.5.2.4 Bioaccumulation in Relation to Dietary Toxicity..............72
4.6 Integration of Chronic Thresholds and Trophic Transfer into the Unit
World Model...................................................................................................72
4.6.1 Introduction........................................................................................72
4.6.2 Trophic Transfer Models....................................................................73
4.6.2.1 Conceptual Framework.......................................................73
4.6.2.2 Biodynamic Bioaccumulation Models...............................75
4.6.2.3 Use of Model Outputs........................................................78
4.6.3 Uncertainties.......................................................................................79
4.6.3.1 Bioaccumulation Models....................................................79
4.6.3.2 Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs).....................................81
4.6.3.3 Protectiveness of Environmental Quality Standards..........81
4.7 Conclusions....................................................................................................82
References................................................................................................................83
Chapter 5 Aquatic Toxicity for Hazard Identification of Metals and
Inorganic Metal Substances...............................................................89
Andrew S. Green, Peter M. Chapman, Herbert E. Allen, Peter G.C. Campbell,
Rick D. Cardwell, Karel De Schamphelaere, Katrien M. Delbeke, David R. Mount,
and William A. Stubblefield
5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................89
5.2 Data Acceptability..........................................................................................90
5.2.1 Data Evaluation and Species Selection Criteria................................90
5.2.2 Culture and Test Conditions..............................................................92
5.2.2.1 Background and Essentiality..............................................92
5.2.2.2 Other Relevant Test System Characteristics......................94
5.2.2.3 Algal Tests..........................................................................95
5.3 Sediment Effect Thresholds...........................................................................95
5.4 Dietary Exposure............................................................................................97
5.5 Bioavailability................................................................................................98
5.5.1 Speciation...........................................................................................98
5.5.2 Biotic Ligand Model (BLM).............................................................99
5.5.3 Algae..................................................................................................99
5.5.4 BLM Data Gaps and Future Directions..........................................101
5.5.5 Taking Bioavailability into Account................................................101
5.6 Integrated Approach for Risk/Hazard Assessments Using Toxicity...........103
5.6.1 Approach..........................................................................................103
5.6.2 Examples..........................................................................................105
5.7 Conclusions and Recommendations............................................................106
Acknowledgment...................................................................................................107
References..............................................................................................................107
Chapter 6 Hazard Assessment of Inorganic Metals and Metal Substances
in Terrestrial Systems.......................................................................113
Erik Smolders, Steve McGrath, Anne Fairbrother, Beverley A. Hale, Enzo Lombi,
Michael McLaughlin, Michiel Rutgers, and Leana Van der Vliet
6.1 Foreword.......................................................................................................113
6.2 Introduction..................................................................................................113
6.3 Persistence of Metals in Soil.......................................................................114
6.3.1 Residence Time of Metals in Soil...................................................114
6.3.2 Critical Loads of Metals..................................................................114
6.3.3 Aging of Metals in Soil...................................................................115
6.3.4 Transformation of Sparingly Soluble Compounds..........................118
6.4 Bioaccumulation of Metals in the Terrestrial Food Chain..........................119
6.4.1 Defining Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) and Bioconcentration
Factor (BCF) in the Terrestrial Environment...................................119
6.4.2 Measuring BAF/BCFs — The Denominator...................................120
6.4.3 Interpreting BAF/BCFs....................................................................121
6.4.4 Trophic Transfer Factors..................................................................121
6.4.5 Trophic Transfer of Metals..............................................................122
6.4.6 Proposed Approach for Incorporation of BAF into Hazard
Assessment.......................................................................................122
6.5 Ranking Metal Toxicity in Terrestrial Systems...........................................123
6.6 Conclusions and Recommendations............................................................129
References..............................................................................................................130
Appendix A: A Unit World Model for Hazard Assessment of Organics
and Metals..............................................................................................................135
A.I The Aquivalence Approach..........................................................................135
A.2 Unit World Parameters.................................................................................136
A.3 Mass Balance Equations..............................................................................137
References..............................................................................................................140
Index......................................................................................................................141
|
| adam_txt |
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments.xi
Editors.xiii
Workshop Participants.xv
Chapter 1 A Pellston Workshop on Metals Hazard Assessment.1
William J. Adams and Peter M. Chapman
1.1 Introduction to the Workshop.1
1.2 Hazard Identification, Classification, and Assessment.2
1.3 Workshop Purpose and Goals.4
References.4
Chapter 2 Executive Summary.7
William J. Adams and Peter M. Chapman
2.1 Introduction.7
2.2 Persistence.7
2.3 Bioaccumulation.8
2.4 Toxicity.8
2.5 Terrestrial Environment.9
2.6 Conclusion.10
Chapter 3 Integrated Approach for Hazard Assessment of Metals and
Inorganic Metal Substances: The Unit World Model Approach.11
Adam Peters, William J. Adams, Miriam L. Diamond, William Davison,
Dominic M. Di Torn, Patrick J. Doyle, Donald Mackay, Jerome Nriagu,
Carol Ptacek, James M. Skeaff, Edward Tipping, and Hugo Waeterschoot
3.1 Introduction.11
3.1.1 Background.11
3.1.2 A Unifying Model.13
3.2 The Unit World Model (UWM).14
3.3 Hazard Assessment Framework for a Generic Environment.16
3.3.1 Generalized Model Framework.16
3.3.2 Water Column/Sediment Model.17
3.3.3 Soil Model.21
3.3.4 Key Processes.23
3.4 Source Term.23
3.4.1 Natural Occurrence of Metals.24
3.4.2 Determining the Input Term.24
3.4.2.1 Measuring Tool for the Aquatic Compartment.26
3.4.2.2 Measuring Tool for the Soil Compartment.26
3.4.3 Combinations of Commercial Compounds.28
3.4.4 Generic Data Needs.28
3.5 Application of the UWM.28
3.5.1 Application to Classification.30
3.5.2 Application to Ranking.30
3.5.3 Application to Screening Assessment.31
3.5.4 Distribution of the Mass Input into Compartments for
Different Assessment Levels.31
3.5.5 Precautionary Approach.31
3.6 Illustrations of Hazard Assessments.32
3.6.1 Example 1: The Generic Environment (Unit World).32
3.6.1.1 Organic Compounds.34
3.6.1.2 2 Metals.41
3.6.2 Example 2: A Simple Approach for Soils.41
3.6.2.1 Denning a Unit World Soil.41
3.6.2.2 Scoping Calculations.45
3.6.2.3 Application.46
3.6.3 Example 3: The Water Column/Sediment Model.46
3.7 Steps Required to Proceed from a Prototype to a Workable Model.48
3.7.1 Implementation.48
3.7.2 UWM Evaluation and Validation.49
Acknowledgments.51
References.51
Chapter 4 Bioaccumulation: Hazard Identification of Metals and
Inorganic Metal Substances.55
Christian E. Schlekat, James C. McGeer, Ronny Blust, Uwe Borgmann,
Kevin V. Brix, Nicolas Bury, Yves Couillard, Robert L. Dwyer, Samuel N. Luoma,
Steve Robertson, Keith G. Sappington, Use Schoeters, and Dick T.H.M. Sijm
4.1 Introduction.55
4.2 Regulatory Objectives of Bioaccumulation in Hazard Assessment.56
4.2.1 European Union (EU).56
4.2.2 United States.56
4.2.3 Canada.57
4.3 Scientific Basis of Metal Bioaccumulation: Current State of
Understanding.57
4.3.1 Mechanisms of Metal Uptake.57
4.3.2 Gill vs. Gut Environments.58
4.3.3 Chemical Speciation and Biological Availability.59
4.3.4 Bioaccumulation and Toxicity.60
4.3.5 Metal Exposure Concentrations and Accumulation.62
4.4 Limitations of Current Approach to Bioconcentration Factors (BCFs)
and Bioaccumulation Factors (BAFs).63
4.4.1 Metal Bioaccumulation, Toxicity, and Trophic Transfer.63
4.4.1.1 Inverse Relationships.63
4.4.1.2 Bioaccumulation in Relation to Chronic Toxicity.64
4.4.1.3 Trophic Transfer.65
4.4.2 Implication.65
4.5 Further Guidance on Bioaccumulation.65
4.5.1 Biodynamic Models.65
4.5.2 Application of BCF and BAF Data.66
4.5.2.1 Linking BCF with Chronic Lethality.66
4.5.2.2 Accounting for Accumulation from Background
Concentrations.71
4.5.2.3 Calculating BCF and BAF Values over a Limited
Range of Concentrations.71
4.5.2.4 Bioaccumulation in Relation to Dietary Toxicity.72
4.6 Integration of Chronic Thresholds and Trophic Transfer into the Unit
World Model.72
4.6.1 Introduction.72
4.6.2 Trophic Transfer Models.73
4.6.2.1 Conceptual Framework.73
4.6.2.2 Biodynamic Bioaccumulation Models.75
4.6.2.3 Use of Model Outputs.78
4.6.3 Uncertainties.79
4.6.3.1 Bioaccumulation Models.79
4.6.3.2 Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs).81
4.6.3.3 Protectiveness of Environmental Quality Standards.81
4.7 Conclusions.82
References.83
Chapter 5 Aquatic Toxicity for Hazard Identification of Metals and
Inorganic Metal Substances.89
Andrew S. Green, Peter M. Chapman, Herbert E. Allen, Peter G.C. Campbell,
Rick D. Cardwell, Karel De Schamphelaere, Katrien M. Delbeke, David R. Mount,
and William A. Stubblefield
5.1 Introduction.89
5.2 Data Acceptability.90
5.2.1 Data Evaluation and Species Selection Criteria.90
5.2.2 Culture and Test Conditions.92
5.2.2.1 Background and Essentiality.92
5.2.2.2 Other Relevant Test System Characteristics.94
5.2.2.3 Algal Tests.95
5.3 Sediment Effect Thresholds.95
5.4 Dietary Exposure.97
5.5 Bioavailability.98
5.5.1 Speciation.98
5.5.2 Biotic Ligand Model (BLM).99
5.5.3 Algae.99
5.5.4 BLM Data Gaps and Future Directions.101
5.5.5 Taking Bioavailability into Account.101
5.6 Integrated Approach for Risk/Hazard Assessments Using Toxicity.103
5.6.1 Approach.103
5.6.2 Examples.105
5.7 Conclusions and Recommendations.106
Acknowledgment.107
References.107
Chapter 6 Hazard Assessment of Inorganic Metals and Metal Substances
in Terrestrial Systems.113
Erik Smolders, Steve McGrath, Anne Fairbrother, Beverley A. Hale, Enzo Lombi,
Michael McLaughlin, Michiel Rutgers, and Leana Van der Vliet
6.1 Foreword.113
6.2 Introduction.113
6.3 Persistence of Metals in Soil.114
6.3.1 Residence Time of Metals in Soil.114
6.3.2 Critical Loads of Metals.114
6.3.3 Aging of Metals in Soil.115
6.3.4 Transformation of Sparingly Soluble Compounds.118
6.4 Bioaccumulation of Metals in the Terrestrial Food Chain.119
6.4.1 Defining Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) and Bioconcentration
Factor (BCF) in the Terrestrial Environment.119
6.4.2 Measuring BAF/BCFs — The Denominator.120
6.4.3 Interpreting BAF/BCFs.121
6.4.4 Trophic Transfer Factors.121
6.4.5 Trophic Transfer of Metals.122
6.4.6 Proposed Approach for Incorporation of BAF into Hazard
Assessment.122
6.5 Ranking Metal Toxicity in Terrestrial Systems.123
6.6 Conclusions and Recommendations.129
References.130
Appendix A: A Unit World Model for Hazard Assessment of Organics
and Metals.135
A.I The Aquivalence Approach.135
A.2 Unit World Parameters.136
A.3 Mass Balance Equations.137
References.140
Index.141 |
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| id | DE-604.BV021825419 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T15:55:32Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:45:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)10160885-8 |
| isbn | 1420044400 9781420044409 1880611899 9781880611890 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2006022030 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015037500 |
| oclc_num | 470898158 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | 146 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | CRC Press [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | SETAC publications |
| spelling | Adams, William J. Verfasser aut Assessing the hazard of metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems proceedings from the Workshop on Hazard Identification Approach for Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances, 3 - 8 May 2003, Pensacola Beach, Florida USA ed. by William J. Adams ... Boca Raton CRC Press [u.a.] 2007 146 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier SETAC publications Includes bibliographical references and index Environnement - Évaluation du risque ram Métaux - Aspect de l'environnement ram Métaux - Toxicologie ram Umwelt Metals Environmental aspects Environmental risk assessment Metals Toxicology Toxizität (DE-588)4078372-8 gnd rswk-swf Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd rswk-swf Metall (DE-588)4038860-8 gnd rswk-swf Metall (DE-588)4038860-8 s Toxizität (DE-588)4078372-8 s DE-604 Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 s Workshop on Hazard Identification Approach for Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances 2003 Pensacola Beach, Fla. Sonstige (DE-588)10160885-8 oth http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0617/2006022030.html Table of contents only HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015037500&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Adams, William J. Assessing the hazard of metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems proceedings from the Workshop on Hazard Identification Approach for Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances, 3 - 8 May 2003, Pensacola Beach, Florida USA Environnement - Évaluation du risque ram Métaux - Aspect de l'environnement ram Métaux - Toxicologie ram Umwelt Metals Environmental aspects Environmental risk assessment Metals Toxicology Toxizität (DE-588)4078372-8 gnd Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd Metall (DE-588)4038860-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4078372-8 (DE-588)4061619-8 (DE-588)4038860-8 |
| title | Assessing the hazard of metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems proceedings from the Workshop on Hazard Identification Approach for Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances, 3 - 8 May 2003, Pensacola Beach, Florida USA |
| title_auth | Assessing the hazard of metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems proceedings from the Workshop on Hazard Identification Approach for Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances, 3 - 8 May 2003, Pensacola Beach, Florida USA |
| title_exact_search | Assessing the hazard of metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems proceedings from the Workshop on Hazard Identification Approach for Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances, 3 - 8 May 2003, Pensacola Beach, Florida USA |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Assessing the hazard of metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems proceedings from the Workshop on Hazard Identification Approach for Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances, 3 - 8 May 2003, Pensacola Beach, Florida USA |
| title_full | Assessing the hazard of metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems proceedings from the Workshop on Hazard Identification Approach for Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances, 3 - 8 May 2003, Pensacola Beach, Florida USA ed. by William J. Adams ... |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the hazard of metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems proceedings from the Workshop on Hazard Identification Approach for Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances, 3 - 8 May 2003, Pensacola Beach, Florida USA ed. by William J. Adams ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the hazard of metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems proceedings from the Workshop on Hazard Identification Approach for Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances, 3 - 8 May 2003, Pensacola Beach, Florida USA ed. by William J. Adams ... |
| title_short | Assessing the hazard of metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems |
| title_sort | assessing the hazard of metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems proceedings from the workshop on hazard identification approach for metals and inorganic metal substances 3 8 may 2003 pensacola beach florida usa |
| title_sub | proceedings from the Workshop on Hazard Identification Approach for Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances, 3 - 8 May 2003, Pensacola Beach, Florida USA |
| topic | Environnement - Évaluation du risque ram Métaux - Aspect de l'environnement ram Métaux - Toxicologie ram Umwelt Metals Environmental aspects Environmental risk assessment Metals Toxicology Toxizität (DE-588)4078372-8 gnd Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd Metall (DE-588)4038860-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Environnement - Évaluation du risque Métaux - Aspect de l'environnement Métaux - Toxicologie Umwelt Metals Environmental aspects Environmental risk assessment Metals Toxicology Toxizität Umweltbelastung Metall |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0617/2006022030.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015037500&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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