Senescence processes in plants:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Ames, Iowa [u.a.]
Blackwell Publ.
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Annual plant reviews
26 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 332 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1405139846 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Senescence processes in plants |c edited by Susheng Gan |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Ames, Iowa [u.a.] |b Blackwell Publ. |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 332 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Annual plant reviews |v 26 | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Plantes - Vieillissement | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Plants |x Aging | |
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| 830 | 0 | |a Annual plant reviews |v 26 |w (DE-604)BV012859776 |9 26 | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015033582&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135747043721216 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Contributors xv
Preface xvii
1 Mitotic senescence in plants 1
SUSHENG GAN
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Terminology and types of senescence 1
1.3 Plants exhibit mitotic senescence, postmitotic senescence and
cell quiescence 3
1.4 Mitotic senescence: arrest of SAM 4
1.4.1 Initiation of SAM 4
1.4.2 Maintenance of SAM 4
1.4.3 Arrest of SAM: a mitotic senescence in nature 5
1.4.3.1 Physiological regulation 5
1.4.3.2 Genetic regulation 7
1.5 Role of telomere and telomerase in mitotic senescence 7
1.5.1 Telomere 7
1.5.2 Telomerase 7
1.5.3 Telomere shortening and replicative senescence in
animals 8
1.5.4 Telomere biology in plants 8
1.6 Closing remarks 9
Acknowledgment 10
References 10
2 Chlorophyll catabolism and leaf coloration 12
STEFAN HORTENSTEINER AND DAVID W. LEE
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Chlorophyll catabolites 12
2.2.1 Green catabolites 12
2.2.1.1 Chlorins 12
2.2.1.2 Phytol 15
2.2.2 Catabolites with a tetrapyrrolic structure 15
2.2.2.1 Red chlorophyll catabolites 15
2.2.2.2 Fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites 16
vi CONTENTS
2.2.2.3 Nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites 16
2.2.2.4 Are NCCs degraded further? 17
2.3 The chlorophyll degradation pathway 18
2.3.1 Chlorophyll cycle 18
2.3.2 Reactions on green pigments 18
2.3.2.1 ChlorophyUase 18
2.3.2.2 Mg dechelation 19
2.3.3 Loss of green color 20
2.3.3.1 Pheophorbide a oxygenase 20
2.3.3.2 Red chlorophyll catabolite reductase 21
2.3.4 Reactions on pFCC 21
2.3.4.1 Hydroxylation 21
2.3.4.2 Glucosylation 22
2.3.4.3 Malonylation 22
2.3.4.4 Demethylation 22
2.3.4.5 Tautomerization 22
2.4 Chlorophyll catabolic mutants 23
2.5 Significance of chlorophyll breakdown 23
2.5.1 Topology of chlorophyll breakdown 23
2.5.2 Chi breakdown and cell death 24
2.5.3 Chi breakdown and nitrogen economy 25
2.6 The pigments of senescing leaves 26
2.7 The function of anthocyanins in leaf senescence 28
2.7.1 Physiological explanations 28
2.7.2 Ecological explanations 29
2.7.3 Reconciling these explanations 30
2.8 Conclusions and perspectives 30
References 31
3 Membrane dynamics and regulation of subcellular changes
during senescence 39
MARIANNE HOPKINS, LINDA McNAMARA, CATHERINE
TAYLOR, TZANN-WEI WANG AND JOHN THOMPSON
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Loss of membrane structural integrity during senescence 40
3.2.1 Senescence-associated changes in the molecular
organization of membrane lipid bilayers 40
3.2.2 Role of lipases 42
3.2.2.1 Initial fate of de-esterified fatty acids in
senescing membranes 43
3.2.2.2 Autocatalytic nature of membrane fatty acid
de-esterification 44
3.2.3 Role of galactolipases 45
3.3 Role of proteolysis in membrane senescence 48
CONTENTS Vli
3.4 Dismantling of membranes in senescing tissue 51
3.4.1 Plastoglobuli 51
3.4.2 Cytosolic lipid-protein particles 54
3.4.2.1 Sites of cytosolic lipid-protein particle
ontogeny 54
3.5 Role of autophagy 55
3.6 Metabolism of membrane fatty acids in senescing tissues 57
3.6.1 Galactolipid fatty acids 58
3.6.2 Fate of thylakoid fatty acids during stress-induced
senescence 59
3.7 Translational regulation of senescence 61
References 62
4 Oxidative stress and leaf senescence 69
ULRIKE ZENTGRAF
4.1 Introduction 69
4.2 Antioxidative capacity, oxidative stress and life span 71
4.3 Antioxidants 72
4.4 ROS signaling 74
4.5 Role of different cell compartments 77
4.5.1 Peroxisomes 77
4.5.2 Chloroplasts 78
4.5.3 Mitochondria 79
4.5.4 Nucleus 80
4.6 Concluding remarks 81
References 81
5 Nutrient remobilization during leaf senescence 87
ANDREAS M. FISCHER
5.1 Overview 87
5.2 Macro- and micronutrient remobilization 88
5.2.1 Carbon 89
5.2.2 Sulfur 90
5.2.3 Phosphorus 90
5.2.4 Potassium 91
5.2.5 Magnesium, calcium and micronutrients 91
5.3 Nitrogen remobilization 92
5.3.1 Protein degradation in senescing leaves 93
5.3.1.1 Classification of peptidases 93
5.3.1.2 Compartmentation of peptidases 94
5.3.1.3 Regulation of peptidases during leaf
senescence 96
5.3.2 Amino acid metabolism in senescing leaves 98
5.3.3 Nitrogen transport to developing sinks 99
viii CONTENTS
5.4 Outlook 101
Acknowledgments 102
References 102
Environmental regulation of leaf senescence 108
AMNON LERS
6.1 Introduction 108
6.2 Light irradiance 111
6.2.1 Light intensity 111
6.2.1.1 Low light 111
6.2.1.2 Darkness 112
6.2.1.3 Highlight 113
6.2.2 Photoperiod 114
6.2.3 Wavelength 114
6.2.3.1 Red/Far red 114
6.2.3.2 Blue light 116
6.2.3.3 Ultraviolet 116
6.3 Ozone 118
6.4 Temperature 119
6.5 Drought stress 120
6.6 Flooding 121
6.7 Salinity 122
6.8 Environmental pollution - toxic materials 123
6.9 Oxidative stress involvement in environmental regulation of
senescence 124
6.10 Nutrient/mineral shortage 125
6.11 Atmospheric CO2 126
6.12 Biotic stress 127
6.13 Concluding remarks 130
Refer snnes 133
Developmental and hormonal control of leaf senescence 145
JOS H.M. SCHIPPERS, HAI-CHUN JING, JACQUES HILLE
AND PAUL P. DIJKWEL
7.1 Introduction 145
7.2 Developmental senescence: a plant genome is optimised for
early survival and reproduction 145
7.3 Developmental processes that regulate leaf senescence 147
7.3.1 Reactive oxygen species 147
7.3.2 Metabolic flux 148
7.3.3 Protein degradation 148
7.4 Hormonal control of leaf senescence 149
7.4.1 Hormones that delay leaf senescence 150
7.4.1.1 Gibberellic acid 150
7.4.1.2 Auxin 150
7.4.1.3 Cytokinins 151
CONTENTS
Hormones that induce leaf senescence
7.4.2.1 ABA
7.4.2.2 Brassinosteroids
7.4.2.3 Ethylene
7.4.2.4 Jasmonic acid
7.4.2.5 Salicylic acid
IX
7.4.2 Hormones that induce leaf senescence 152
152
153
154
156
157
7.5 Involvement of genome programmes in the regulation of
senescence-associated genes 157
7.6 Integrating hormonal action into developmental
senescence 161
7.7 Outlook and perspectives 163
References 164
The genetic control of senescence revealed by mapping
quantitative trait loci 171
HELEN OUGHAM, IAN ARMSTEAD, CATHERINE HOWARTH,
ISAAC GALYUON, IAIN DONNISON AND HOWARD THOMAS
8.1 Quantitative traits - what they are and how they are
mapped 171
8.1.1 Genetic mapping 171
8.1.2 Major genes and QTL 171
8.1.3 QTL mapping 171
8.1.4 QTL for talk 173
8.2 Biomarkers of the senescence process 174
8.2.1 Senescence is polygenic and quantitative 174
8.2.2 Trait measurement in senescence 174
8.2.3 Pseudosenescence 174
8.2.4 Senescence-specific metabolism 175
8.3 Correlated developmental events as second-order
senescence traits 175
8.3.1 Remote control of senescence 175
8.3.2 Allometry and QTL 175
8.3.3 QTL mapping as a tool for holistic analysis of
development 177
8.4 G x E and the contribution of biotic and abiotic factors 177
8.4.1 Elasticity and plasticity 177
8.4.2 G x E and the now-you-see-it. now-you-don t QTL 177
8.4.3 Implications for the design and conduct of QTL
experiments 177
8.5 Case studies 178
8.5.1 Rice 178
8.5.2 Sorghum and millet 181
8.5.3 Maize 184
8.5.4 Wheat and barley 186
8.5.5 Other species 188
CONTENTS
8.6 Exploitation of QTL mapping for senescence traits 189
8.6.1 Model species, comparative mapping and the role
of bioinformatics 189
8.6.2 Introgression landing 192
8.6.3 Integration with omics and other technologies 193
8.6.4 QTL as breeding tools 194
8.7 QTL, senescence, ageing and death 195
Acknowledgments 195
References 195
Genomics and proteomics of leaf senescence 202
MARIE-JEANNE CARP AND SHIMON GEPSTEIN
9.1 Introduction 202
9.2 Transcriptomics of leaf senescence 203
9.2.1 Technologies 203
9.2.1.1 Differential display, in situ hybridization and
subtractive hybridization 203
9.2.1.2 Microarrays 204
9.2.2 Altering the expression of senescence-specific genes
may extend the lifespan of annual plants 205
9.2.3 From single to global gene expression studies of
leaf senescence 206
9.2.4 Kinetics studies of gene expression define sequential
changes in the pathway of the senescence program 207
9.2.5 Classification of the SAGs into functional classes
suggests potential regulatory and biochemical
pathways occurring during senescence 209
9.2.6 Stress-induced and developmental senescence can be
compared by genomic studies 211
9.2.7 Signaling pathways of the senescence program can be
elucidated by global gene expression studies 213
9.2.8 Global gene expression studies reveal that autumn
leaf senescence has much in common with the
senescence in annual plants 215
9.3 Proteomics of leaf senescence 216
9.3.1 Technologies 216
9.3.1.1 Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 216
9.3.1.2 Liquid chromatography 217
9.3.1.3 Mass spectrometry 217
9.3.1.4 ESI mass spectrometry 219
9.3.2 Current information on leaf senescence proteomic
is limited 219
9.3.3 Functional categories of senescence-enhanced
proteins 223
CONTENTS xi
9.3.4 Senescence upregulated proteins involved in
respiration and various associated metabolic
processes 223
9.3.5 Degradation and transport processes 224
9.3.6 Upregulated proteins related to stress and defense
mechanisms 225
9.3.7 Comparison between pattern of changes in mRNA
and protein levels during senescence indicates partial
correlation 225
9.4 Conclusions 227
References 227
10 Molecular regulation of leaf senescence 231
HYO JUNG KIM, PYUNG OK LIM AND HONG GIL NAM
10.1 Introduction 231
10.1.1 Leaf senescence 231
10.1.2 Senescence-associated genes 231
10.2 Isolation and classification of SAGs 232
10.2.1 Isolation of SAGs 232
10.2.2 Functional classification of SAGs 233
10.2.2.1 Macromolecule degradation 233
10.2.2.2 Nutrient salvage and translocation 234
10.2.2.3 Defence and detoxification genes 234
10.2.2.4 Regulatory genes 234
10.2.3 Comparison of SAGs in various plant species 236
10.3 Regulatory modes of SAGs 237
10.3.1 Temporal regulation of SAGs during senescence 238
10.3.2 Regulation of SAGs by various endogenous and
external factors 239
10.3.3 Gs-acting regulatory elements of SAGs 240
10.4 Molecular regulatory mechanisms of leaf senescence 241
10.4.1 Developmental ageing 242
10.4.2 Internal factors 245
10.4.2.1 Phytohormones 245
10.4.2.2 Sugar signalling 247
10.4.3 External factors 248
10.4.4 Regulatory role of protein degradation 248
10.5 Conclusions and future challenges 249
Acknowledgment 250
References 250
11 Flower senescence 256
MICHAEL S. REID AND JEN-CHTH CHEN
11.1 Introduction 256
11.2 Rower opening and senescence 256
xii CONTENTS
11.3 Model systems 257
11.4 Hormonal regulation of flower senescence 258
11.4.1 Ethylene 258
11.4.2 Abscisicacid 259
11.4.3 Cytokinins 260
11.4.4 Gibberellic acid 260
11.4.5 Auxin 261
11.4.6 Jasmonic acid 261
11.4.7 Polyamines 261
11.4.8 Sugars 262
11.5 Flower senescence and remobilization of resources 263
11.5.1 Protein degradation 263
11.5.2 Nucleic acid degradation 264
11.5.3 Membrane degradation 264
11.5.4 Cell wall changes 265
11.6 Petal senescence as programmed cell death 265
11.7 Molecular biology of petal senescence 267
11.7.1 Senescence-associated genes 267
11.7.2 Functional analysis of SAGs 268
11.7.2.1 Ethylene-dependent senescence 269
W.I.2.2 Ethylene-independent senescence 269
11.7.3 Regulation of petal senescence - a regulatory
network? 270
11.7.4 New frontier: prohibitins - mitochondrial proteins
with a possible role in floral senescence 272
References 272
12 Fruit ripening and its manipulation 278
JAMES J. GIOVANNON1
12.1 Introduction 278
12.2 Physiologies of ripening fruit 279
12.2.1 Climacteric ripening 279
12.2.2 Nonclimacteric ripening 279
12.3 Model ripening systems 280
12.3.1 Tomato - the model for climacteric ripening 280
12.3.1.1 Tomato genomic resources facilitate
ripening research 282
12.3.2 Additional model systems for ripening research 282
12.4 Ripening processes and their manipulation 285
12.4.1 Cell-wall metabolism 285
12.4.2 Ethylene biosynthesis and perception 288
12.4.3 Global ripening control 291
12.4.4 Modification of specific ripening pathways:
pigmentation 292
CONTENTS xiii
12.5 Summary 294
References 295
13 Genetic manipulation of leaf senescence 304
YONGFENG GUO AND SUSHENG GAN
13.1 Introduction 304
13.2 Strategies of manipulating leaf senescence 304
13.3 IPT-based transgenic techniques for manipulation of
cytokinin production 305
13.4 Development of the SAG 12-IPT autoregulatory cytokinin
production system 306
13.5 Use of the SAG 12-IPT to manipulate senescence in crops 307
13.5.1 1PTexpression and cytokinin production in transgenic
plants 312
13.5.2 Delayed leaf senescence in the SAG-IPT plants 313
13.5.3 Delayed floral senescence in the SAG 12-IPTplants 314
13.5.4 Delayed postharvest senescence in the SAG12-/P7
plants 314
13.5.5 Increased yield and biomass production in the
SAG 12-IPT plants 315
13.5.6 Increased stress tolerance in the SAG 12-IPT plants 315
13.6 Other strategies for manipulation of leaf senescence 316
13.7 Closing remarks 317
Acknowledgment 317
References 317
Index 323
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Contributors xv
Preface xvii
1 Mitotic senescence in plants 1
SUSHENG GAN
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Terminology and types of senescence 1
1.3 Plants exhibit mitotic senescence, postmitotic senescence and
cell quiescence 3
1.4 Mitotic senescence: arrest of SAM 4
1.4.1 Initiation of SAM 4
1.4.2 Maintenance of SAM 4
1.4.3 Arrest of SAM: a mitotic senescence in nature 5
1.4.3.1 Physiological regulation 5
1.4.3.2 Genetic regulation 7
1.5 Role of telomere and telomerase in mitotic senescence 7
1.5.1 Telomere 7
1.5.2 Telomerase 7
1.5.3 Telomere shortening and replicative senescence in
animals 8
1.5.4 Telomere biology in plants 8
1.6 Closing remarks 9
Acknowledgment 10
References 10
2 Chlorophyll catabolism and leaf coloration 12
STEFAN HORTENSTEINER AND DAVID W. LEE
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Chlorophyll catabolites 12
2.2.1 Green catabolites 12
2.2.1.1 Chlorins 12
2.2.1.2 Phytol 15
2.2.2 Catabolites with a tetrapyrrolic structure 15
2.2.2.1 Red chlorophyll catabolites 15
2.2.2.2 Fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites 16
vi CONTENTS
2.2.2.3 Nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites 16
2.2.2.4 Are NCCs degraded further? 17
2.3 The chlorophyll degradation pathway 18
2.3.1 Chlorophyll cycle 18
2.3.2 Reactions on green pigments 18
2.3.2.1 ChlorophyUase 18
2.3.2.2 Mg dechelation 19
2.3.3 Loss of green color 20
2.3.3.1 Pheophorbide a oxygenase 20
2.3.3.2 Red chlorophyll catabolite reductase 21
2.3.4 Reactions on pFCC 21
2.3.4.1 Hydroxylation 21
2.3.4.2 Glucosylation 22
2.3.4.3 Malonylation 22
2.3.4.4 Demethylation 22
2.3.4.5 Tautomerization 22
2.4 Chlorophyll catabolic mutants 23
2.5 Significance of chlorophyll breakdown 23
2.5.1 Topology of chlorophyll breakdown 23
2.5.2 Chi breakdown and cell death 24
2.5.3 Chi breakdown and nitrogen economy 25
2.6 The pigments of senescing leaves 26
2.7 The function of anthocyanins in leaf senescence 28
2.7.1 Physiological explanations 28
2.7.2 Ecological explanations 29
2.7.3 Reconciling these explanations 30
2.8 Conclusions and perspectives 30
References 31
3 Membrane dynamics and regulation of subcellular changes
during senescence 39
MARIANNE HOPKINS, LINDA McNAMARA, CATHERINE
TAYLOR, TZANN-WEI WANG AND JOHN THOMPSON
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Loss of membrane structural integrity during senescence 40
3.2.1 Senescence-associated changes in the molecular
organization of membrane lipid bilayers 40
3.2.2 Role of lipases 42
3.2.2.1 Initial fate of de-esterified fatty acids in
senescing membranes 43
3.2.2.2 Autocatalytic nature of membrane fatty acid
de-esterification 44
3.2.3 Role of galactolipases 45
3.3 Role of proteolysis in membrane senescence 48
CONTENTS Vli
3.4 Dismantling of membranes in senescing tissue 51
3.4.1 Plastoglobuli 51
3.4.2 Cytosolic lipid-protein particles 54
3.4.2.1 Sites of cytosolic lipid-protein particle
ontogeny 54
3.5 Role of autophagy 55
3.6 Metabolism of membrane fatty acids in senescing tissues 57
3.6.1 Galactolipid fatty acids 58
3.6.2 Fate of thylakoid fatty acids during stress-induced
senescence 59
3.7 Translational regulation of senescence 61
References 62
4 Oxidative stress and leaf senescence 69
ULRIKE ZENTGRAF
4.1 Introduction 69
4.2 Antioxidative capacity, oxidative stress and life span 71
4.3 Antioxidants 72
4.4 ROS signaling 74
4.5 Role of different cell compartments 77
4.5.1 Peroxisomes 77
4.5.2 Chloroplasts 78
4.5.3 Mitochondria 79
4.5.4 Nucleus 80
4.6 Concluding remarks 81
References 81
5 Nutrient remobilization during leaf senescence 87
ANDREAS M. FISCHER
5.1 Overview 87
5.2 Macro- and micronutrient remobilization 88
5.2.1 Carbon 89
5.2.2 Sulfur 90
5.2.3 Phosphorus 90
5.2.4 Potassium 91
5.2.5 Magnesium, calcium and micronutrients 91
5.3 Nitrogen remobilization 92
5.3.1 Protein degradation in senescing leaves 93
5.3.1.1 Classification of peptidases 93
5.3.1.2 Compartmentation of peptidases 94
5.3.1.3 Regulation of peptidases during leaf
senescence 96
5.3.2 Amino acid metabolism in senescing leaves 98
5.3.3 Nitrogen transport to developing sinks 99
viii CONTENTS
5.4 Outlook 101
Acknowledgments 102
References 102
Environmental regulation of leaf senescence 108
AMNON LERS
6.1 Introduction 108
6.2 Light irradiance 111
6.2.1 Light intensity 111
6.2.1.1 Low light 111
6.2.1.2 Darkness 112
6.2.1.3 Highlight 113
6.2.2 Photoperiod 114
6.2.3 Wavelength 114
6.2.3.1 Red/Far red 114
6.2.3.2 Blue light 116
6.2.3.3 Ultraviolet 116
6.3 Ozone 118
6.4 Temperature 119
6.5 Drought stress 120
6.6 Flooding 121
6.7 Salinity 122
6.8 Environmental pollution - toxic materials 123
6.9 Oxidative stress involvement in environmental regulation of
senescence 124
6.10 Nutrient/mineral shortage 125
6.11 Atmospheric CO2 126
6.12 Biotic stress 127
6.13 Concluding remarks 130
Refer snnes 133
Developmental and hormonal control of leaf senescence 145
JOS H.M. SCHIPPERS, HAI-CHUN JING, JACQUES HILLE
AND PAUL P. DIJKWEL
7.1 Introduction 145
7.2 Developmental senescence: a plant genome is optimised for
early survival and reproduction 145
7.3 Developmental processes that regulate leaf senescence 147
7.3.1 Reactive oxygen species 147
7.3.2 Metabolic flux 148
7.3.3 Protein degradation 148
7.4 Hormonal control of leaf senescence 149
7.4.1 Hormones that delay leaf senescence 150
7.4.1.1 Gibberellic acid 150
7.4.1.2 Auxin 150
7.4.1.3 Cytokinins 151
CONTENTS
Hormones that induce leaf senescence
7.4.2.1 ABA
7.4.2.2 Brassinosteroids
7.4.2.3 Ethylene
7.4.2.4 Jasmonic acid
7.4.2.5 Salicylic acid
IX
7.4.2 Hormones that induce leaf senescence 152
152
153
154
156
157
7.5 Involvement of genome programmes in the regulation of
senescence-associated genes 157
7.6 Integrating hormonal action into developmental
senescence 161
7.7 Outlook and perspectives 163
References 164
The genetic control of senescence revealed by mapping
quantitative trait loci 171
HELEN OUGHAM, IAN ARMSTEAD, CATHERINE HOWARTH,
ISAAC GALYUON, IAIN DONNISON AND HOWARD THOMAS
8.1 Quantitative traits - what they are and how they are
mapped 171
8.1.1 Genetic mapping 171
8.1.2 Major genes and QTL 171
8.1.3 QTL mapping 171
8.1.4 'QTL for'talk 173
8.2 Biomarkers of the senescence process 174
8.2.1 Senescence is polygenic and quantitative 174
8.2.2 Trait measurement in senescence 174
8.2.3 Pseudosenescence 174
8.2.4 Senescence-specific metabolism 175
8.3 Correlated developmental events as second-order
senescence traits 175
8.3.1 Remote control of senescence 175
8.3.2 Allometry and QTL 175
8.3.3 QTL mapping as a tool for holistic analysis of
development 177
8.4 G x E and the contribution of biotic and abiotic factors 177
8.4.1 Elasticity and plasticity 177
8.4.2 G x E and the now-you-see-it. now-you-don't QTL 177
8.4.3 Implications for the design and conduct of QTL
experiments 177
8.5 Case studies 178
8.5.1 Rice 178
8.5.2 Sorghum and millet 181
8.5.3 Maize 184
8.5.4 Wheat and barley 186
8.5.5 Other species 188
CONTENTS
8.6 Exploitation of QTL mapping for senescence traits 189
8.6.1 Model species, comparative mapping and the role
of bioinformatics 189
8.6.2 Introgression landing 192
8.6.3 Integration with omics and other technologies 193
8.6.4 QTL as breeding tools 194
8.7 QTL, senescence, ageing and death 195
Acknowledgments 195
References 195
Genomics and proteomics of leaf senescence 202
MARIE-JEANNE CARP AND SHIMON GEPSTEIN
9.1 Introduction 202
9.2 Transcriptomics of leaf senescence 203
9.2.1 Technologies 203
9.2.1.1 Differential display, in situ hybridization and
subtractive hybridization 203
9.2.1.2 Microarrays 204
9.2.2 Altering the expression of senescence-specific genes
may extend the lifespan of annual plants 205
9.2.3 From single to global gene expression studies of
leaf senescence 206
9.2.4 Kinetics studies of gene expression define sequential
changes in the pathway of the senescence program 207
9.2.5 Classification of the SAGs into functional classes
suggests potential regulatory and biochemical
pathways occurring during senescence 209
9.2.6 Stress-induced and developmental senescence can be
compared by genomic studies 211
9.2.7 Signaling pathways of the senescence program can be
elucidated by global gene expression studies 213
9.2.8 Global gene expression studies reveal that autumn
leaf senescence has much in common with the
senescence in annual plants 215
9.3 Proteomics of leaf senescence 216
9.3.1 Technologies 216
9.3.1.1 Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 216
9.3.1.2 Liquid chromatography 217
9.3.1.3 Mass spectrometry 217
9.3.1.4 ESI mass spectrometry 219
9.3.2 Current information on leaf senescence proteomic
is limited 219
9.3.3 Functional categories of senescence-enhanced
proteins 223
CONTENTS xi
9.3.4 Senescence upregulated proteins involved in
respiration and various associated metabolic
processes 223
9.3.5 Degradation and transport processes 224
9.3.6 Upregulated proteins related to stress and defense
mechanisms 225
9.3.7 Comparison between pattern of changes in mRNA
and protein levels during senescence indicates partial
correlation 225
9.4 Conclusions 227
References 227
10 Molecular regulation of leaf senescence 231
HYO JUNG KIM, PYUNG OK LIM AND HONG GIL NAM
10.1 Introduction 231
10.1.1 Leaf senescence 231
10.1.2 Senescence-associated genes 231
10.2 Isolation and classification of SAGs 232
10.2.1 Isolation of SAGs 232
10.2.2 Functional classification of SAGs 233
10.2.2.1 Macromolecule degradation 233
10.2.2.2 Nutrient salvage and translocation 234
10.2.2.3 Defence and detoxification genes 234
10.2.2.4 Regulatory genes 234
10.2.3 Comparison of SAGs in various plant species 236
10.3 Regulatory modes of SAGs 237
10.3.1 Temporal regulation of SAGs during senescence 238
10.3.2 Regulation of SAGs by various endogenous and
external factors 239
10.3.3 Gs-acting regulatory elements of SAGs 240
10.4 Molecular regulatory mechanisms of leaf senescence 241
10.4.1 Developmental ageing 242
10.4.2 Internal factors 245
10.4.2.1 Phytohormones 245
10.4.2.2 Sugar signalling 247
10.4.3 External factors 248
10.4.4 Regulatory role of protein degradation 248
10.5 Conclusions and future challenges 249
Acknowledgment 250
References 250
11 Flower senescence 256
MICHAEL S. REID AND JEN-CHTH CHEN
11.1 Introduction 256
11.2 Rower opening and senescence 256
xii CONTENTS
11.3 Model systems 257
11.4 Hormonal regulation of flower senescence 258
11.4.1 Ethylene 258
11.4.2 Abscisicacid 259
11.4.3 Cytokinins 260
11.4.4 Gibberellic acid 260
11.4.5 Auxin 261
11.4.6 Jasmonic acid 261
11.4.7 Polyamines 261
11.4.8 Sugars 262
11.5 Flower senescence and remobilization of resources 263
11.5.1 Protein degradation 263
11.5.2 Nucleic acid degradation 264
11.5.3 Membrane degradation 264
11.5.4 Cell wall changes 265
11.6 Petal senescence as programmed cell death 265
11.7 Molecular biology of petal senescence 267
11.7.1 Senescence-associated genes 267
11.7.2 Functional analysis of SAGs 268
11.7.2.1 Ethylene-dependent senescence 269
W.I.2.2 Ethylene-independent senescence 269
11.7.3 Regulation of petal senescence - a regulatory
network? 270
11.7.4 New frontier: prohibitins - mitochondrial proteins
with a possible role in floral senescence 272
References 272
12 Fruit ripening and its manipulation 278
JAMES J. GIOVANNON1
12.1 Introduction 278
12.2 Physiologies of ripening fruit 279
12.2.1 Climacteric ripening 279
12.2.2 Nonclimacteric ripening 279
12.3 Model ripening systems 280
12.3.1 Tomato - the model for climacteric ripening 280
12.3.1.1 Tomato genomic resources facilitate
ripening research 282
12.3.2 Additional model systems for ripening research 282
12.4 Ripening processes and their manipulation 285
12.4.1 Cell-wall metabolism 285
12.4.2 Ethylene biosynthesis and perception 288
12.4.3 Global ripening control 291
12.4.4 Modification of specific ripening pathways:
pigmentation 292
CONTENTS xiii
12.5 Summary 294
References 295
13 Genetic manipulation of leaf senescence 304
YONGFENG GUO AND SUSHENG GAN
13.1 Introduction 304
13.2 Strategies of manipulating leaf senescence 304
13.3 IPT-based transgenic techniques for manipulation of
cytokinin production 305
13.4 Development of the SAG 12-IPT autoregulatory cytokinin
production system 306
13.5 Use of the SAG 12-IPT to manipulate senescence in crops 307
13.5.1 1PTexpression and cytokinin production in transgenic
plants 312
13.5.2 Delayed leaf senescence in the SAG-IPT plants 313
13.5.3 Delayed floral senescence in the SAG 12-IPTplants 314
13.5.4 Delayed postharvest senescence in the SAG12-/P7"
plants 314
13.5.5 Increased yield and biomass production in the
SAG 12-IPT plants 315
13.5.6 Increased stress tolerance in the SAG 12-IPT plants 315
13.6 Other strategies for manipulation of leaf senescence 316
13.7 Closing remarks 317
Acknowledgment 317
References 317
Index 323 |
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| discipline | Biologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Biologie |
| edition | 1. publ. |
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| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV021821446 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T15:54:23Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:45:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1405139846 |
| language | English |
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| series | Annual plant reviews |
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| spelling | Senescence processes in plants edited by Susheng Gan 1. publ. Ames, Iowa [u.a.] Blackwell Publ. 2007 XVIII, 332 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Annual plant reviews 26 Includes bibliographical references and index Plantes - Vieillissement Plants Aging Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd rswk-swf Altern (DE-588)4068596-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 s Altern (DE-588)4068596-2 s b DE-604 Gan, Susheng Sonstige oth Annual plant reviews 26 (DE-604)BV012859776 26 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0618/2006025504.html Table of contents only HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015033582&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Senescence processes in plants |
| title_auth | Senescence processes in plants |
| title_exact_search | Senescence processes in plants |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Senescence processes in plants |
| title_full | Senescence processes in plants edited by Susheng Gan |
| title_fullStr | Senescence processes in plants edited by Susheng Gan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Senescence processes in plants edited by Susheng Gan |
| title_short | Senescence processes in plants |
| title_sort | senescence processes in plants |
| topic | Plantes - Vieillissement Plants Aging Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd Altern (DE-588)4068596-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Plantes - Vieillissement Plants Aging Pflanzen Altern Aufsatzsammlung |
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