Fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge Univ. Press
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Beschreibung für Leser Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 249 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 052185637x 9780521856379 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics |c James C. McWilliams |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135725262700544 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface page ix
Symbols xi
1 Purposes and value of geophysical fluid dynamics 1
2 Fundamental dynamics 8
2.1 Fluid dynamics 8
2.1.1 Representations 8
2.1.2 Governing equations 9
2.1.3 Boundary and initial conditions 13
2.1.4 Energy conservation 14
2.1.5 Divergence, vorticity, and strain rate 16
2.2 Oceanic approximations 18
2.2.1 Mass and density 19
2.2.2 Momentum 22
2.2.3 Boundary conditions 24
2.3 Atmospheric approximations 27
2.3.1 Equation of state for an ideal gas 27
2.3.2 A stratified resting state 29
2.3.3 Buoyancy oscillations and convection 31
2.3.4 Hydrostatic balance 34
2.3.5 Pressure coordinates 35
2.4 Earth s rotation 39
2.4.1 Rotating coordinates 41
2.4.2 Geostrophic balance 43
2.4.3 Inertia] oscillations 47
v
vi Contents
3 Barotropic and vortex dynamics 49
3.1 Barotropic equations 50
3.1.1 Circulation 51
3.1.2 Vorticity and potential vorticity 54
3.1.3 Divergence and diagnostic force balance 57
3.1.4 Stationary, inviscid flows 59
3.2 Vortex movement 64
3.2.1 Point vortices 64
3.2.2 Chaos and limits of predictability 72
3.3 Barotropic and centrifugal instability 73
3.3.1 Rayleigh s criterion for vortex stability 73
3.3.2 Centrifugal instability 75
3.3.3 Barotropic instability of parallel flows 76
3.4 Eddy mean interaction 80
3.5 Eddy viscosity and diffusion 83
3.6 Emergence of coherent vortices 86
3.7 Two dimensional turbulence 88
4 Rotating shallow water and wave dynamics 95
4.1 Rotating shallow water equations 97
4.1.1 Integral and parcel invariants 101
4.2 Linear wave solutions 104
4.2.1 Geostrophic mode 106
4.2.2 Inertia gravity waves 107
4.2.3 Kelvin waves 109
4.3 Geostrophic adjustment 111
4.4 Gravity wave steepening: bores and breakers 120
4.5 Stokes drift and material transport 126
4.6 Quasigeostrophy 129
4.7 Rossby waves 133
4.8 Rossby wave emission 134
4.8.1 Vortex propagation on the /3 plane 135
4.8.2 Eastern boundary Kelvin wave 138
5 Baroclinic and jet dynamics 141
5.1 Layered hydrostatic model 143
5.1.1 Two layer equations 143
5.1.2 TV layer equations 147
5.1.3 Vertical modes 149
Contents vii
5.2 Baroclinic instability 155
5.2.1 Unstable modes 156
5.2.2 Upshear phase tilt 160
5.2.3 Eddy heat flux 161
5.2.4 Effects on the mean flow 162
5.3 Turbulent baroclinic zonal jet 164
5.3.1 Posing the jet problem 164
5.3.2 Equilibrium velocity and buoyancy structure 167
5.3.3 Zonal momentum balance 171
5.3.4 Potential vorticity homogenization 177
5.3.5 Meridional overturning circulation and mass balance 177
5.3.6 Meridional heat balance 180
5.3.7 Maintenance of the general circulation 181
5.4 Rectification by Rossby wave radiation 182
6 Boundary layer and wind gyre dynamics 186
6.1 Planetary boundary layer 186
6.1.1 Boundary layer approximations 187
6.1.2 The shear boundary layer 192
6.1.3 Eddy viscosity closure 196
6.1.4 Bottom Ekman layer 197
6.1.5 Oceanic surface Ekman layer 201
6.1.6 Vortex spin down 205
6.1.7 Turbulent Ekman layer 206
6.2 Oceanic wind gyre and western boundary layer 213
6.2.1 Posing the gyre problem 215
6.2.2 Interior and boundary layer circulations 219
6.2.3 Application to real gyres 224
6.2.4 Turbulent baroclinic wind gyres 228
Afterword 233
Exercises 234
References 243
Index 245
Colour plate section appears between payes 94 and 95
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface page ix
Symbols xi
1 Purposes and value of geophysical fluid dynamics 1
2 Fundamental dynamics 8
2.1 Fluid dynamics 8
2.1.1 Representations 8
2.1.2 Governing equations 9
2.1.3 Boundary and initial conditions 13
2.1.4 Energy conservation 14
2.1.5 Divergence, vorticity, and strain rate 16
2.2 Oceanic approximations 18
2.2.1 Mass and density 19
2.2.2 Momentum 22
2.2.3 Boundary conditions 24
2.3 Atmospheric approximations 27
2.3.1 Equation of state for an ideal gas 27
2.3.2 A stratified resting state 29
2.3.3 Buoyancy oscillations and convection 31
2.3.4 Hydrostatic balance 34
2.3.5 Pressure coordinates 35
2.4 Earth's rotation 39
2.4.1 Rotating coordinates 41
2.4.2 Geostrophic balance 43
2.4.3 Inertia] oscillations 47
v
vi Contents
3 Barotropic and vortex dynamics 49
3.1 Barotropic equations 50
3.1.1 Circulation 51
3.1.2 Vorticity and potential vorticity 54
3.1.3 Divergence and diagnostic force balance 57
3.1.4 Stationary, inviscid flows 59
3.2 Vortex movement 64
3.2.1 Point vortices 64
3.2.2 Chaos and limits of predictability 72
3.3 Barotropic and centrifugal instability 73
3.3.1 Rayleigh's criterion for vortex stability 73
3.3.2 Centrifugal instability 75
3.3.3 Barotropic instability of parallel flows 76
3.4 Eddy mean interaction 80
3.5 Eddy viscosity and diffusion 83
3.6 Emergence of coherent vortices 86
3.7 Two dimensional turbulence 88
4 Rotating shallow water and wave dynamics 95
4.1 Rotating shallow water equations 97
4.1.1 Integral and parcel invariants 101
4.2 Linear wave solutions 104
4.2.1 Geostrophic mode 106
4.2.2 Inertia gravity waves 107
4.2.3 Kelvin waves 109
4.3 Geostrophic adjustment 111
4.4 Gravity wave steepening: bores and breakers 120
4.5 Stokes drift and material transport 126
4.6 Quasigeostrophy 129
4.7 Rossby waves 133
4.8 Rossby wave emission 134
4.8.1 Vortex propagation on the /3 plane 135
4.8.2 Eastern boundary Kelvin wave 138
5 Baroclinic and jet dynamics 141
5.1 Layered hydrostatic model 143
5.1.1 Two layer equations 143
5.1.2 TV layer equations 147
5.1.3 Vertical modes 149
Contents vii
5.2 Baroclinic instability 155
5.2.1 Unstable modes 156
5.2.2 Upshear phase tilt 160
5.2.3 Eddy heat flux 161
5.2.4 Effects on the mean flow 162
5.3 Turbulent baroclinic zonal jet 164
5.3.1 Posing the jet problem 164
5.3.2 Equilibrium velocity and buoyancy structure 167
5.3.3 Zonal momentum balance 171
5.3.4 Potential vorticity homogenization 177
5.3.5 Meridional overturning circulation and mass balance 177
5.3.6 Meridional heat balance 180
5.3.7 Maintenance of the general circulation 181
5.4 Rectification by Rossby wave radiation 182
6 Boundary layer and wind gyre dynamics 186
6.1 Planetary boundary layer 186
6.1.1 Boundary layer approximations 187
6.1.2 The shear boundary layer 192
6.1.3 Eddy viscosity closure 196
6.1.4 Bottom Ekman layer 197
6.1.5 Oceanic surface Ekman layer 201
6.1.6 Vortex spin down 205
6.1.7 Turbulent Ekman layer 206
6.2 Oceanic wind gyre and western boundary layer 213
6.2.1 Posing the gyre problem 215
6.2.2 Interior and boundary layer circulations 219
6.2.3 Application to real gyres 224
6.2.4 Turbulent baroclinic wind gyres 228
Afterword 233
Exercises 234
References 243
Index 245
Colour plate section appears between payes 94 and 95 |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020252-5 (DE-588)4077970-1 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics |
| title_auth | Fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics |
| title_exact_search | Fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics |
| title_full | Fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics James C. McWilliams |
| title_fullStr | Fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics James C. McWilliams |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics James C. McWilliams |
| title_short | Fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics |
| title_sort | fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics |
| topic | Fluid dynamics Geophysics Geophysik (DE-588)4020252-5 gnd Strömungsmechanik (DE-588)4077970-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Fluid dynamics Geophysics Geophysik Strömungsmechanik Lehrbuch Lehrbuch - Geophysik - Strömungsmechanik |
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