Verfügbarkeit: Remote sensing of the environment

Remote sensing of the environment: an earth resource perspective

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Jensen, John R. 1949- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson, Prentice Hall 2007
Ausgabe:	2. ed.
Schriftenreihe:	Prentice Hall series in geographic information science
Schlagworte:	Ciencias de la tierra - Sensores remotos Climatología Geofísica Medio ambiente Umweltüberwachung Fernerkundung
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XVI, 592 S., [24] Bl. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
ISBN:	0131889508 9780131889507

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245	1	0	\|a Remote sensing of the environment \|b an earth resource perspective \|c John R. Jensen
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264		1	\|a Upper Saddle River, NJ \|b Pearson, Prentice Hall \|c 2007
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650		4	\|a Ciencias de la tierra - Sensores remotos
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	dFI^K^^^ÍsfíSÍjHííy ^^^^^^^^^^СІ^^^^^^^ч«-? V Pë^iS SS \|^ ^^^^^Ѕ ШщЕкт Economics .. ;%\|Щй4йА·. . . .............. ,ај^?ШВШш&:4-ШШ, Electromagnetic Radiation Principles viii CONTENTS Lighter-Than-Air Flight Using Kites ....................................70 Heavier-Than-Air Flight Using Rockets .................................71 Heavier-Than-Air Flight Using Pigeons, Gliders, and Aircraft ...............71 Photo-reconnaissance in WWI and WWII ...................................74 Aerial Photography in World War I .....................................74 Aerial Photography in World War II ....................................75 Cold War Photo-Reconnaissance ............................................76 Genetrix Reconnaissance Balloons .....................................77 U-2 Aircraft Reconnaissance Program ..................................77 The SR-71 .........................................................80 Airborne Stealth Technology ..........................................80 Satellite Remote Sensing ..................................................81 Corona ...........................................................81 Ongoing Satellite Sentinels ...........................................83 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles .................................................85 Tactical and Endurance UAVs .........................................85 UAVPayloads and Other Considerations ................................86 Commercial Remote Sensing Platforms .......................................86 Chapter 4 — Aerial Photography - Vantage Point, Cameras, Filters, and Film .........91 Vertical and Oblique Vantage Points .........................................91 Vertical Aerial Photography ..........................................91 Oblique Aerial Photography ..........................................92 Aerial Cameras .........................................................96 Aerial Camera Components Compared with the Eye .......................96 Types of Aerial Cameras ..............................................97 Aerial Photography Filtration ..............................................104 Types, Sizes, and Colors of Filters .....................................107 Aerial Photography Films .................................................109 General Characteristics of Photographic Emulsions .......................110 Black-and-White Photographic Emulsions .............................. Ill Color Photographic Emulsions .......................................122 Planning Aerial Photography Missions ......................................124 Time of Day — Sun Angle ............................................124 Weather .........................................................125 Flightline Layout ...................................................125 Chapter 5 — Elements of Visual Image Interpretation ............................127 Introduction ...........................................................127 The Aerial/Regional Perspective ......................................128 Three-Dimensional Depth Perception ..................................128 Obtaining Knowledge Beyond Our Human Visual Perception ................129 Historical Image Record and Change Detection Documentation .............130 Elements of Image Interpretation ..........................................130 Methods of Search ......................................................144 Using Collateral Information .........................................144 Convergence of Evidence ............................................145 The Multi-concept ..................................................145 Chapter 6 — Photogrammetry ................................................149 Flightlines of Vertical Aerial Photography ....................................150 Fiducial Marks and Principal Points .........................................152 Geometry of Vertical Aerial Photography ....................................153 CONTENTS ІХ Scale and Height Measurement on Single Vertical Aerial Photographs .............155 Scale of a Vertical Aerial Photograph Over Level Terrain ...................155 Scale of a Vertical Aerial Photograph Over Variable Terrain ................158 Height Measurement from Single Aerial Photographs ......................160 Stereoscopic Measurement of Object Height or Terrain Elevation .................162 Fundamentals of Human Stereoscopy ...................................163 Stereoscopy Applied to Aerial Photography ..............................164 Stereoscopic Aerial Photography - How Does It Work? ....................168 Digital Elevation Models, Orthophotos, and Planimetrie Features from Soft-copy Photogrammetry .....................................................174 Collection of Accurate Horizontal and Vertical Ground Control .............175 Collection of Stereoscopic Aerial Photography or Other Remote Sensor Data. .. 177 Image Digitization Technology ........................................177 Soft-Copy Photogrammetry ..........................................177 Spot Elevations, Contours, and Digital Elevation Models ..................181 Creation of Digital Orthoimages ......................................183 Extraction of Thematic Features of Interest .............................188 Area Measurement ......................................................189 Area Measurement of Well-known Geometric Shapes ......................190 Area Measurement of Irregularly Shaped Polygons ........................190 Chapter 7 — Multispectral Remote Sensing Systems .............................193 Digital Multispectral Data Collection .......................................193 Digital Image Terminology ..........................................194 Remote Sensing Systems to be Examined ................................194 Multispectral Imaging Using Discrete Detectors and Scanning Mirrors .............197 Earth Resource Technology Satellites and the Landsat Sensor Systems ........197 NOAA Multispectral Scanner Sensors ..................................212 ORBIMAGE and NASA Sea-viewing Wide Field of View Sensor (SeaWiFS) .....218 Aircraft Multispectral Scanners .......................................220 Multispectral Imaging Using Linear Arrays ...................................222 SPOT Sensor Systems ...............................................223 Indian Remote Sensing Systems .......................................229 Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) . . 231 Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) ..........................232 Very-High-Resolution Linear Array Remote Sensing Systems ................233 Imaging Spectrometry Using Linear and Area Arrays ...........................237 Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) ..................241 Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager 1500..........................241 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) .....................242 Digital Frame Cameras Based on Area Arrays ................................244 Small-format Digital Data Collection: Leica Geosystems Emerge Sensor ......244 Large-format Digital Data Collection: Z/l Digital Modular Camera ..........245 Large-format Digital Data Collection: Vexcel UltraCam based on Area Arrays . 245 Chapter 8 — Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing .................................249 History of Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing .................................250 Thermal Infrared Radiation Properties .......................................252 Kinetic Heat, Temperature, Radiant Energy, and Radiant Flux ...............252 Methods of Transferring Heat .........................................253 Thermal Infrared Atmospheric Windows .....................................253 Thermal Radiation Laws .................................................254 Stefan-Boltzmann Law ..............................................254 CONTENTS Wien s Displacement Law............................................ 255 Emissivity........................................................255 Kirchoff s Radiation Law ............................................257 Thermal Properties of Terrain.............................................260 Thermal Infrared Data Collection ..........................................261 Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Based on Multispectral Scanners ..........261 Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Based on Area- and Linear-Arrays .........271 Thermal Infrared Environmental Considerations ..............................274 Diurnal Temperature Cycle of Typical Materials ..........................274 Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Examples ..................................276 Water Pollution Monitoring: Thermal Effluent in the Savannah River .........276 Water Pollution Monitoring: Leaking Septic Tanks ........................282 Thermal Infrared Residential Insulation Surveys ..........................282 Thermal Infrared Commercial/Industrial Roof Moisture Surveys .............285 Analysis of the Urban Heat Island Effect ................................286 Use of Thermal Infrared Imagery for Forestry Applications .................288 Remote Sensing Plant Stress Degree Days ...............................288 Chapter 9 — Active and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing ......................291 History of Active Microwave (RADAR) Remote Sensing .......................291 Active Microwave System Components .....................................294 Sending and Receiving a Pulse of Microwave Energy - System Components .... 294 Slant-Range versus Ground-Range RADAR Image Geometry ................299 Relief Displacement, Image Foreshortening, Layover, Shadows, and Speckle ... 305 Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems .....................................308 RADAR Environmental Considerations .....................................313 Surface Roughness Characteristics ....................................313 Electrical Characteristics (Complex Dielectric Constant) and the Relationship with Moisture Content ...........................316 Vegetation Response to Microwave Energy ..............................317 Water Response to Microwave Energy ..................................321 Urban Structure Response to Microwave Energy ..........................322 SAR Remote Sensing from Space ..........................................323 Seasat ...........................................................323 Shuttle Imaging Radar SIR -А, SIR-B, SIR -С and Topography Mission ........323 RADARSAT and RADARSAT-2 ........................................324 European Space Agency ERS-1 and ERS-2 ..............................326 European Space Agency Envisat ASAR .................................326 RADAR Interferometry ..................................................328 Interferometrie Topographic Mapping ..................................328 Interferometrie Velocity Mapping ......................................329 Passive Microwave Remote Sensing ........................................330 Passive Microwave Radiometers ......................................330 Chapter 10 — LIDAR Remote Sensing .........................................335 LIDAR Principles .......................................................336 LIDAR Laser and Scanning System ....................................336 LIDAR Laser Location ..............................................338 LIDAR Antenna Attitude (Orientation) ..................................339 LIDAR Post-Processing of Multiple Returns .............................340 Extraction of First, Intermediate and/or Last Return DSMs .................340 Extraction of Bare-Earth Digital Terrain Models .........................341 Accuracy of LIDAR Measurements .........................................349 CONTENTS xi NSSDA Horizontal and Vertical Accuracy Assessment..................... 349 Influence of Landcover, Slope, andLeaf-on/off Condition ..................351 LIDAR-derived Vegetation Information .....................................351 LIDAR-derived Urban Information .........................................352 Chapter 11 — Remote Sensing of Vegetation ....................................355 Photosynthesis Fundamentals ..............................................355 Spectral Characteristics of Vegetation .......................................356 Dominant Factors Controlling Leaf Reflectance ..........................356 Temporal Characteristics of Vegetation ......................................373 Natural Phenological Cycles .........................................375 Managed Phenological Cycles ........................................377 Vegetation Indices ......................................................382 Landscape Ecology Metrics ...............................................393 Landscape Indicators and Patch Metrics ................................393 Biodiversity and GAP Analysis ............................................396 Remote Sensing of Vegetation Change ......................................397 Remote Sensing Inland Wetland Successional Changes .....................397 Remote Sensing South African Agriculture ...............................400 Chapter 12 — Remote Sensing of Water ........................................409 Remote Sensing Surface Water Biophysical Characteristics ......................410 Water Surface, Subsurface Volumetric, and Bottom Radiance ................410 Spectral Response of Water as a Function of Wavelength ...................411 Spectral Response of Water as a Function of Organic /Inorganic Constituents ..415 Water Penetration and Bathymetry .....................................423 Water Surface Temperature ...........................................426 Precipitation ...........................................................428 Visible-Infrared Techniques ..........................................429 Active and Passive Microwave Techniques ...............................430 Aerosols and Clouds .....................................................431 Aerosols ..........................................................431 Clouds ...........................................................432 Water Vapor ...........................................................435 Snow .................................................................435 Snow in the Visible Spectrum .........................................436 Snow in the Middle-Infrared and Microwave Regions ......................436 Water Quality Modeling ..................................................437 An Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS Water Quality Model ................437 Chapter 13 — Remote Sensing the Urban Landscape .............................443 National Spatial Data Infrastructure .........................................444 Urban Resolution Considerations ...........................................444 Urban/Suburban Temporal Resolution Considerations .....................444 Urban/Suburban Spectral Resolution Considerations ......................445 Urban/Suburban Spatial Resolution Considerations .......................449 Remote Sensing Land Use and Land Cover ...................................450 Land-Use/Land-Cover Classification Schemes ...........................451 Urban Land-Use/Land-Cover Classification (Levels I to IV) ................452 Residential Land Use ....................................................456 Commercial and Services Land Use .........................................464 Industrial Land Use .....................................................479 Transportation Infrastructure ..............................................489 xii CONTENTS Communications and Utilities.............................................495 Urban Digital Elevation Model Creation .....................................496 Meteorological Data .....................................................498 Urban Hydrology .......................................................498 Critical Environmental Area Assessment .....................................500 Disaster Emergency Response .............................................500 Chapter 14 — Remote Sensing of Soils, Minerals, and Geomorphology ..............507 Soil Characteristics and Taxonomy .........................................508 Soil Horizons ___..................................................508 Soil Grain Size and Texture ...........................................509 Soil Taxonomy .....................................................510 Remote Sensing of Soil Properties ..........................................510 Soil Texture and Moisture Content .....................................512 Soil Organic Matter and Biological Soil Crusts ...........................515 Iron Oxide ........................................................515 Soil Salinity .......................................................515 Surface Roughness .................................................516 Remote Sensing of Rocks and Minerals .....................................518 Imaging Spectroscopy ofRocL· and Minerals ............................518 Geology ..............................................................521 Lithology .........................................................522 Structure .........................................................523 Drainage Morphometry and Pattern ...................................525 Geomorphology ........................................................529 Igneous Landforms .................................................530 Landforms Developed on Horizontal Strata ..............................534 Landforms Developed on Folded Strata .................................537 Fault-Controlled Landforms ..........................................539 Fluvial Landforms ..................................................540 Karst Landforms ...................................................549 Shoreline Landforms ................................................549 Glacial Landforms .................................................556 Eolian Landforms ..................................................560 Chapter 15 — In Situ Reflectance Measurement .................................569 Spectral Reflectance of a Material ..........................................570 Reference Material ......................................................571 Illumination Considerations ...............................................571 In Situ Spectral Reflectance Measurement Using Solar Illumination ..........571 In Situ Spectral Reflectance Measurement Using Artificial Illumination .......573 Soil Taxonomy .....................................................474 Characteristics of the Spectroradiometer Used to Obtain In Situ Reflectance ........574 Spectral Region of Interest ...........................................574 Spectral Resolution .................................................576 Spectral Sampling Interval ...........................................576 Spectrometer Design and Data Collection Speed ..........................576 Viewing Geometry and Field of View ...................................577 Candidate Spectroradiometers .......................................578 Appendix — Sources of Remote Sensing Information .............................579 Index .....................................................................583
adam_txt	dFI^K^^^ÍsfíSÍjHííy ^^^^^^^^^^СІ^^^^^^^ч«-? V'Pë^iS'SS \|^ ^^^^^Ѕ ШщЕкт Economics . ;%\|Щй4йА·.' '.'.'. ,ај^?ШВШш&:4-ШШ, Electromagnetic Radiation Principles viii CONTENTS Lighter-Than-Air Flight Using Kites .70 Heavier-Than-Air Flight Using Rockets .71 Heavier-Than-Air Flight Using Pigeons, Gliders, and Aircraft .71 Photo-reconnaissance in WWI and WWII .74 Aerial Photography in World War I .74 Aerial Photography in World War II .75 Cold War Photo-Reconnaissance .76 Genetrix Reconnaissance Balloons .77 U-2 Aircraft Reconnaissance Program .77 The SR-71 .80 Airborne Stealth Technology .80 Satellite Remote Sensing .81 Corona .81 Ongoing Satellite Sentinels .83 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles .85 Tactical and Endurance UAVs .85 UAVPayloads and Other Considerations .86 Commercial Remote Sensing Platforms .86 Chapter 4 — Aerial Photography - Vantage Point, Cameras, Filters, and Film .91 Vertical and Oblique Vantage Points .91 Vertical Aerial Photography .91 Oblique Aerial Photography .92 Aerial Cameras .96 Aerial Camera Components Compared with the Eye .96 Types of Aerial Cameras .97 Aerial Photography Filtration .104 Types, Sizes, and Colors of Filters .107 Aerial Photography Films .109 General Characteristics of Photographic Emulsions .110 Black-and-White Photographic Emulsions . Ill Color Photographic Emulsions .122 Planning Aerial Photography Missions .124 Time of Day — Sun Angle .124 Weather .125 Flightline Layout .125 Chapter 5 — Elements of Visual Image Interpretation .127 Introduction .127 The Aerial/Regional Perspective .128 Three-Dimensional Depth Perception .128 Obtaining Knowledge Beyond Our Human Visual Perception .129 Historical Image Record and Change Detection Documentation .130 Elements of Image Interpretation .130 Methods of Search .144 Using Collateral Information .144 Convergence of Evidence .145 The Multi-concept .145 Chapter 6 — Photogrammetry .149 Flightlines of Vertical Aerial Photography .150 Fiducial Marks and Principal Points .152 Geometry of Vertical Aerial Photography .153 CONTENTS ІХ Scale and Height Measurement on Single Vertical Aerial Photographs .155 Scale of a Vertical Aerial Photograph Over Level Terrain .155 Scale of a Vertical Aerial Photograph Over Variable Terrain .158 Height Measurement from Single Aerial Photographs .160 Stereoscopic Measurement of Object Height or Terrain Elevation .162 Fundamentals of Human Stereoscopy .163 Stereoscopy Applied to Aerial Photography .164 Stereoscopic Aerial Photography - How Does It Work? .168 Digital Elevation Models, Orthophotos, and Planimetrie Features from Soft-copy Photogrammetry .174 Collection of Accurate Horizontal and Vertical Ground Control .175 Collection of Stereoscopic Aerial Photography or Other Remote Sensor Data. . 177 Image Digitization Technology .177 Soft-Copy Photogrammetry .177 Spot Elevations, Contours, and Digital Elevation Models .181 Creation of Digital Orthoimages .183 Extraction of Thematic Features of Interest .188 Area Measurement .189 Area Measurement of Well-known Geometric Shapes .190 Area Measurement of Irregularly Shaped Polygons .190 Chapter 7 — Multispectral Remote Sensing Systems .193 Digital Multispectral Data Collection .193 Digital Image Terminology .194 Remote Sensing Systems to be Examined .194 Multispectral Imaging Using Discrete Detectors and Scanning Mirrors .197 Earth Resource Technology Satellites and the Landsat Sensor Systems .197 NOAA Multispectral Scanner Sensors .212 ORBIMAGE and NASA Sea-viewing Wide Field of View Sensor (SeaWiFS) .218 Aircraft Multispectral Scanners .220 Multispectral Imaging Using Linear Arrays .222 SPOT Sensor Systems .223 Indian Remote Sensing Systems .229 Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) . . 231 Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) .232 Very-High-Resolution Linear Array Remote Sensing Systems .233 Imaging Spectrometry Using Linear and Area Arrays .237 Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) .241 Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager 1500.241 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) .242 Digital Frame Cameras Based on Area Arrays .244 Small-format Digital Data Collection: Leica Geosystems Emerge Sensor .244 Large-format Digital Data Collection: Z/l Digital Modular Camera .245 Large-format Digital Data Collection: Vexcel UltraCam based on Area Arrays . 245 Chapter 8 — Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing .249 History of Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing .250 Thermal Infrared Radiation Properties .252 Kinetic Heat, Temperature, Radiant Energy, and Radiant Flux .252 Methods of Transferring Heat .253 Thermal Infrared Atmospheric Windows .253 Thermal Radiation Laws .254 Stefan-Boltzmann Law .254 CONTENTS Wien 's Displacement Law. 255 Emissivity.255 Kirchoff's Radiation Law .257 Thermal Properties of Terrain.260 Thermal Infrared Data Collection .261 Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Based on Multispectral Scanners .261 Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Based on Area- and Linear-Arrays .271 Thermal Infrared Environmental Considerations .274 Diurnal Temperature Cycle of Typical Materials .274 Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Examples .276 Water Pollution Monitoring: Thermal Effluent in the Savannah River .276 Water Pollution Monitoring: Leaking Septic Tanks .282 Thermal Infrared Residential Insulation Surveys .282 Thermal Infrared Commercial/Industrial Roof Moisture Surveys .285 Analysis of the Urban Heat Island Effect .286 Use of Thermal Infrared Imagery for Forestry Applications .288 Remote Sensing Plant Stress Degree Days .288 Chapter 9 — Active and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing .291 History of Active Microwave (RADAR) Remote Sensing .291 Active Microwave System Components .294 Sending and Receiving a Pulse of Microwave Energy - System Components . 294 Slant-Range versus Ground-Range RADAR Image Geometry .299 Relief Displacement, Image Foreshortening, Layover, Shadows, and Speckle . 305 Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems .308 RADAR Environmental Considerations .313 Surface Roughness Characteristics .313 Electrical Characteristics (Complex Dielectric Constant) and the Relationship with Moisture Content .316 Vegetation Response to Microwave Energy .317 Water Response to Microwave Energy .321 Urban Structure Response to Microwave Energy .322 SAR Remote Sensing from Space .323 Seasat .323 Shuttle Imaging Radar SIR -А, SIR-B, SIR -С and Topography Mission .323 RADARSAT and RADARSAT-2 .324 European Space Agency ERS-1 and ERS-2 .326 European Space Agency Envisat ASAR .326 RADAR Interferometry .328 Interferometrie Topographic Mapping .328 Interferometrie Velocity Mapping .329 Passive Microwave Remote Sensing .330 Passive Microwave Radiometers .330 Chapter 10 — LIDAR Remote Sensing .335 LIDAR Principles .336 LIDAR Laser and Scanning System .336 LIDAR Laser Location .338 LIDAR Antenna Attitude (Orientation) .339 LIDAR Post-Processing of Multiple Returns .340 Extraction of First, Intermediate and/or Last Return DSMs .340 Extraction of Bare-Earth Digital Terrain Models .341 Accuracy of LIDAR Measurements .349 CONTENTS xi NSSDA Horizontal and Vertical Accuracy Assessment. 349 Influence of Landcover, Slope, andLeaf-on/off'Condition .351 LIDAR-derived Vegetation Information .351 LIDAR-derived Urban Information .352 Chapter 11 — Remote Sensing of Vegetation .355 Photosynthesis Fundamentals .355 Spectral Characteristics of Vegetation .356 Dominant Factors Controlling Leaf Reflectance .356 Temporal Characteristics of Vegetation .373 Natural Phenological Cycles .375 Managed Phenological Cycles .377 Vegetation Indices .382 Landscape Ecology Metrics .393 Landscape Indicators and Patch Metrics .393 Biodiversity and GAP Analysis .396 Remote Sensing of Vegetation Change .397 Remote Sensing Inland Wetland Successional Changes .397 Remote Sensing South African Agriculture .400 Chapter 12 — Remote Sensing of Water .409 Remote Sensing Surface Water Biophysical Characteristics .410 Water Surface, Subsurface Volumetric, and Bottom Radiance .410 Spectral Response of Water as a Function of Wavelength .411 Spectral Response of Water as a Function of Organic /Inorganic Constituents .415 Water Penetration and Bathymetry .423 Water Surface Temperature .426 Precipitation .428 Visible-Infrared Techniques .429 Active and Passive Microwave Techniques .430 Aerosols and Clouds .431 Aerosols .431 Clouds .432 Water Vapor .435 Snow .435 Snow in the Visible Spectrum .436 Snow in the Middle-Infrared and Microwave Regions .436 Water Quality Modeling .437 An Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS Water Quality Model .437 Chapter 13 — Remote Sensing the Urban Landscape .443 National Spatial Data Infrastructure .444 Urban Resolution Considerations .444 Urban/Suburban Temporal Resolution Considerations .444 Urban/Suburban Spectral Resolution Considerations .445 Urban/Suburban Spatial Resolution Considerations .449 Remote Sensing Land Use and Land Cover .450 Land-Use/Land-Cover Classification Schemes .451 Urban Land-Use/Land-Cover Classification (Levels I to IV) .452 Residential Land Use .456 Commercial and Services Land Use .464 Industrial Land Use .479 Transportation Infrastructure .489 xii CONTENTS Communications and Utilities.495 Urban Digital Elevation Model Creation .496 Meteorological Data .498 Urban Hydrology .498 Critical Environmental Area Assessment .500 Disaster Emergency Response .500 Chapter 14 — Remote Sensing of Soils, Minerals, and Geomorphology .507 Soil Characteristics and Taxonomy .508 Soil Horizons _.508 Soil Grain Size and Texture .509 Soil Taxonomy .510 Remote Sensing of Soil Properties .510 Soil Texture and Moisture Content .512 Soil Organic Matter and Biological Soil Crusts .515 Iron Oxide .515 Soil Salinity .515 Surface Roughness .516 Remote Sensing of Rocks and Minerals .518 Imaging Spectroscopy ofRocL· and Minerals .518 Geology .521 Lithology .522 Structure .523 Drainage Morphometry and Pattern .525 Geomorphology .529 Igneous Landforms .530 Landforms Developed on Horizontal Strata .534 Landforms Developed on Folded Strata .537 Fault-Controlled Landforms .539 Fluvial Landforms .540 Karst Landforms .549 Shoreline Landforms .549 Glacial Landforms .556 Eolian Landforms .560 Chapter 15 — In Situ Reflectance Measurement .569 Spectral Reflectance of a Material .570 Reference Material .571 Illumination Considerations .571 In Situ Spectral Reflectance Measurement Using Solar Illumination .571 In Situ Spectral Reflectance Measurement Using Artificial Illumination .573 Soil Taxonomy .474 Characteristics of the Spectroradiometer Used to Obtain In Situ Reflectance .574 Spectral Region of Interest .574 Spectral Resolution .576 Spectral Sampling Interval .576 Spectrometer Design and Data Collection Speed .576 Viewing Geometry and Field of View .577 Candidate Spectroradiometers .578 Appendix — Sources of Remote Sensing Information .579 Index .583
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discipline	Geologie / Paläontologie Bauingenieurwesen Vermessungswesen Geographie Verkehr / Transport
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id	DE-604.BV021803413
illustrated	Illustrated
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indexdate	2024-07-09T20:44:59Z
institution	BVB
isbn	0131889508 9780131889507
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015015858
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spelling	Jensen, John R. 1949- Verfasser (DE-588)140803998 aut Remote sensing of the environment an earth resource perspective John R. Jensen 2. ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson, Prentice Hall 2007 XVI, 592 S., [24] Bl. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Prentice Hall series in geographic information science Ciencias de la tierra - Sensores remotos Climatología Geofísica Medio ambiente Umweltüberwachung (DE-588)4278451-7 gnd rswk-swf Fernerkundung (DE-588)4016796-3 gnd rswk-swf Umweltüberwachung (DE-588)4278451-7 s Fernerkundung (DE-588)4016796-3 s 1\p DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015015858&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk
spellingShingle	Jensen, John R. 1949- Remote sensing of the environment an earth resource perspective Ciencias de la tierra - Sensores remotos Climatología Geofísica Medio ambiente Umweltüberwachung (DE-588)4278451-7 gnd Fernerkundung (DE-588)4016796-3 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4278451-7 (DE-588)4016796-3
title	Remote sensing of the environment an earth resource perspective
title_auth	Remote sensing of the environment an earth resource perspective
title_exact_search	Remote sensing of the environment an earth resource perspective
title_exact_search_txtP	Remote sensing of the environment an earth resource perspective
title_full	Remote sensing of the environment an earth resource perspective John R. Jensen
title_fullStr	Remote sensing of the environment an earth resource perspective John R. Jensen
title_full_unstemmed	Remote sensing of the environment an earth resource perspective John R. Jensen
title_short	Remote sensing of the environment
title_sort	remote sensing of the environment an earth resource perspective
title_sub	an earth resource perspective
topic	Ciencias de la tierra - Sensores remotos Climatología Geofísica Medio ambiente Umweltüberwachung (DE-588)4278451-7 gnd Fernerkundung (DE-588)4016796-3 gnd
topic_facet	Ciencias de la tierra - Sensores remotos Climatología Geofísica Medio ambiente Umweltüberwachung Fernerkundung
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015015858&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT jensenjohnr remotesensingoftheenvironmentanearthresourceperspective

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