Wczesnośredniowieczny skarb monet z Naruszewa:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Wydawn. Naukowe Semper
2002
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The early mediaeval coin hoard of Naruszewo |
| Beschreibung: | 84 S., [12] Bl. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 8389100207 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Mitkowa-Szubert, Kunka |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Wczesnośredniowieczny skarb monet z Naruszewa |c Kunka Mitkowa-Szubert |
| 264 | 1 | |a Warszawa |b Wydawn. Naukowe Semper |c 2002 | |
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The early mediaeval coin hoard of Naruszewo | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Monety średniowieczne - Polska - Mazowsze (region) - katalogi |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Wykopaliska archeologiczne - Polska - Mazowsze (region) |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Münzfund |0 (DE-588)4126078-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Naruszewo |0 (DE-588)7566760-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Naruszewo |0 (DE-588)7566760-5 |D g |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135712397721600 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | THE EARLY MEDIAEVAL COIN HOARD OF NARUSZEWO
(Summary)
The hoard of Naruszewo, district of
Mazowieckie
1985
Coins scattered all over the waste-heap were no¬
ticed and gathered by children. The news about the
find spread all around to attract local dealers, who
purchased a large number of the coins from the chil¬
dren. Due to the efforts of the State Archaeological
Museum and the contemporary Custodian of the
Ciechanów
ornaments and
alongside numerous fragments (about
and
origin were acquired for state collections. From
among the foregoing,
silver are the result of the efforts of the maintenance
department and are managed by the Voivodeship
Custodian
has been specified in the collections of the State Ar¬
chaeological Museum
From among the fragments of ceramics, the crock
made from grey-brown clay of coarse-grained ad¬
mixture has been reconstructed; its capacity was at
least twice as large as the obtained objects (Fig.
Fragments of linen, woven from flax yarn or
hemp, belong to three different kinds of identical plait
(linen
used for them (zz) (see footnote
mination did not find any traces of connecting or re¬
pairing the cloths, thus the hoard must have been
wrapped in three increasingly thick pieces of linen,
or each of the components had been originally
wrapped separately. The cloths were probably shreds
of worn-out household garments of local origin.
From among the acquired fragments of orna¬
ments one might distinguish part of
ing to variant I of the half-lunar type and a fragment
of captorga. The others come from the oblong type
from the second half of the
the
1
chaeological sites (see f.
Superficial archaeological research has not found
within its closest surroundings any traces of an ar¬
chaeological site. However, over the area of present
Naruszewo, the occurrence of an early mediaeval
burial ground with stone casing graves had been dis¬
covered earlier (see f.
The preserved monetary part of the Naruszewo
hoard seems to be representative for the original
whole; as it is, the find has-not undergone any selec¬
tion by dealers, the part of the coins that can be ac¬
curately dated making up a coherent whole (Table
Fig.
deposit in question. The oldest component of the
coins, including issues by
Theodoric, struck in the last quarter of the 10th cen¬
tury, amounts to approx.
a group of about
it
century. Coins by
1039),
cond quarter of the century, which make up the largest
part (about
that can be accurately dated. Issues from the second
half of the
from the West Slavonic market by the inflowing
anonymous Saxon coins. Thus, only
come from that period (i.e. approx.
of them belonging to the coinage of the last quarter
of the century.
English, Scandinavian, German, Bohemian,
Moravian, Hungarian and West Slavonic coinage is
represented in the obtained part of the hoard (Table
2).
reign of
glish coinage; they represent the Pointed Helmet and
Short Cross Types. Both should be associated with
the last phase of the inflow of Anglo-Saxon coins to
Poland, dated by deposits hidden between
the beginning of the 12lh century. Most of the Anglo-
Saxon coins are still pennies by Ethelred II and
I, in large part coming from the earlier family re¬
sources. The minute share of later issues points out
the fact that commercial links between Poland and
the North became weaker. The lands of Mazovia and
Central Poland were at that time the main areas of
Anglo-Saxon coins having been buried. This resulted
from the economic flourish of the foregoing regions,
which absorbed most of the monetary bulk of the
adjacent markets.
The hoard also contains two imitations. So far
imitations of Anglo-Saxon coins have been recorded
in
are Scandinavian imitations of pennies by Ethelred
II and
pennies of the EDEDO group struck at
1009
Long Cross Type (see
men known from Polish finds (see f.
vonic terrain pennies of identical obverses occurred
also in two Russian hoards (see f.
Imitation No
of an accurate analogy to be pointed out and the pro-
-81-
duction site to be specified. It typologically derives
from Ethelred II s Last Small Cross coins, issued in
the years
closest to the denarius from the Berlin part of the
Łupawa
No
Denarii by Magnus the Good
Sven Estridson (1047-1075)
official Scandinavian coinage of the hoard. How¬
ever, finds comprising coins by the said rulers concen¬
trate chiefly in
twice as little quantities as in the latter. Thus, both
the specimens of Naruszewo enrich our knowledge
of the structure of the Mazovian monetary market.
Bohemian coinage is represented by issues by
Bolesław
1061).
Hand/Cross Type is the oldest coin in the hoard in
question. The date of the enthronement of the prince
—
mark over the t.a.q. of our deposit. Following resent
studies (see f.
In the light of latest views on the beginnings of Bo¬
hemian coinage (see
issued not earlier than the second half of the 980s.
German issues prevail in the hoard. Upper and
Lower Lorraine coinage occurs in it alongside that
of Frisia,
coins, which are quite frequent in Polish hoards, oc¬
cur here in considerable quantities, too. The most
interesting group is made up by
(No
the basis of petrifaction of their dies the researchers
of the recent five decades changed H. Dannenberg s
chronology and shifted a few variants of the type to
the times of
Henry III King
issues make up in hoards the most numerous group
only after coins by Otto-Adelaide and Otto s Co¬
logne coins.
Imitations of Otto s Cologne
53)
them correspond to particular variants of Type Dbg
342
has suggested recently that the
garded as a phenomenon that links the coinage of a
number of mutually interacting south-eastern cen¬
tres of Westphalia.
The last two specimens of the group in question
come to the fore in respect of their appearance and
the details of the drawing. A detailed analysis of
denarius No
appropriate imitation, not the original Westphalian
issue, that was the prototype of it.
The hoard of Naruszewo comprises
of the so called Otto-Adelaide denarii. Three of them
belong to Type V Hatz, which already was an imi¬
tating one. Besides, four more imitations of Otto-
Adelaide s coins have been specified in the hoard.
The first two (No
Saxon illegal workshops. Obverse No
denarii of Type VI Hatz, and reverse, following the
cross denarii of Type II, have their analogies in West
Slavonic imitations published by P. Ilisch (see f.
Denarius No
verse drawing refers to Type V-4n Hatz. Whereas
the reverse bears the image which in a way para¬
phrases the reverse of Anglo-Saxon types Short
Cross, Trefoil Quadrilateral and Fleur-de-Lis:
a two-thread short cross with three points in two op¬
posite corners. The hybrid character of the specimen
under discussion evokes associations with the simi¬
lar coins of the mysterious deposit of
vided us with a considerable number of coins upon
which the die imitating the Otto-Adelaide denarius,
the cross-denarius, or coins bearing
accompanied by a die imitating Anglo-Saxon, Da¬
nish, or perhaps Norwegian coins (see f.
already published part of the hoard, as well as among
the Swedish hoards published so far in CNS, there
are no analogies referring to the two-thread cross
upon the Naruszewo specimen. The only specimen
known to me, almost identical to ours, comes from
the area of Poland, from the hoard from
49).
die as ours. The
before
Scandinavian imitations, patterned after Ethelred
pennies, which appeared in
Little Poland as early as the first quarter of the lllh
century (see f.
have come into being over the Baltic West Slavonic
areas earlier, i.e. regardless of the Scandinavian pat¬
terns, upon the basis of English coins circulating
there. What additionally marks out our coin is its
copper core. The spectrometric analysis of its chemi¬
cal composition, carried out at the Central Laborato¬
ry of the Auxiliary Sciences Establishment of the
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology to the Polish
Academy of Sciences by Ms E. Pawlicka, proved
the occurrence of
ter with
contains
Cross denarii form the bulk of the Naruszewo
hoard. They make up
deposit. Among them it has been possible to specify
specimens presenting all the types from I to
le
degree from the variants recorded in
make up a long list of new variants or variations,
time and again difficult to be attributed to variations
specified by Gumowski. However, there are no speci-
-82-
mens
far which would make it possible to specify new
groups within given types.
Most frequent are denarii belonging to Type V
(48%
type are represented by three specimens.
trefoil pearl variations
verse.
Most numerous within this type
tions with pearls arranged in the form of a wreath
and with empty corners of the cross on the reverse
(CNP
11th century.
The second most numerous group are coins bea¬
ring crosses or rings formed from little pearls upon
the obverse, and crosiers on the reverse
684),
They make up approx.
Type VI is remarkably inferior to Type V in the
quantitative aspect. It comprises about
denarii. This is made up chiefly by denarii of later
types, struck in the years
cross denarii with a large pearl or a ring in the cor¬
ners of the simple cross (group
and denarii of barely distinctive late variations of the
same period
that type there are a few interesting and rare speci¬
mens: No
XOTTO in the legends of the obverse and reverse;
denarius No
ters XBRB in the rim of the reverse (Did the die-
maker want to refer to the group of cross denarii with
EBERHARDVS EPS?); No
letter
the
tions
Słuszków
regarded as a proof for the existence of Polish cross
denarii coinage (see f.
however,
858
Only
in the third quarter of the
The cross denarii of the deposit are completed
by those of Type
verse. They make up about
Both the groups of this Type are represented here.
From the earlier and rarer one both the variant with
mere crosier attributed to the
that with a crosier surrounded by other symbols oc¬
cur here. There are
group with a crosier crossed by a stick, emitted in
the last quarter of the
belong to the latest variation of the type, struck after
1095
deposit in question.
Likewise in all the other cross denarii hoards from
the area of Mazovia, also in that of Naruszewo Type
VIII
While speaking about the chronology of particu¬
lar groups of cross denarii from all seven types (Tab¬
le
coins come from the last quarter of the
A comparative analysis proved the occurrence
of
however, they make up rather short chains (Fig.
At least as much as another
been specified, as no complete certainty has been
arrived at whatsoever. On the present stage of in¬
vestigations into the coinage of cross denarii Types
V-Vu
those referring to the mutual way the coins
lated through identical dies
As many as
sues of cross denarii have been distinguished in our
deposit. Among them there are no specimens fol¬
lowing the patterns of older types. Seven imitations
refer to Type V from the third quarter of the
tury. Their weight does not differ from their proto¬
types. The making technique of most of them does
not raise any objections. All the coins bear certain
iconographie
those to be found upon normal cross denarii. One
coin beyond any doubts is a counterfeit: it had been
made from copper or copper alloy. The following
specimens refer to variations of the Type VI from
the last quarter of the
4
apart from defective inscriptions they are characte¬
rised by a certain awkwardness of the drawing of the
cross, the rim and the wedges. However, they seem
to have been made from good silver, their weight
being quite stable
From among the coins of Type VI three specimens
made from copper alloy or alloy were specified next.
They remarkably differ in respect of appearance, di¬
mensions and weight.
Imitations of cross denarii are considerably rare
in literature on cross denarii hoards. This presumably
results from the fact that due to a quite correct re¬
construction of the extremely simple original die, they
are difficult to be picked out from bulk material.
Almost
Among half-coins no specimens coming from the
same coin have been found. Cross denarii having
been divided in two prove the demand of local mar¬
ket for smaller
The weight of complete denarii from the
Naruszewo hoard remarkably differs. The difference
between the lightest specimen
viest one
alone adjacent specimens, most denarii are comprised
-83-
by the interval
weight (Tables
evolution of the weight of both particular types and
its changes within specified variations. Note that re¬
duction is fastest for coins of Type
that of Type VI being the slowest.
Preservation analysis proved a very good con¬
dition of the younger denarii of Type VI variations,
almost twice as good as that of Types V and
question arises to what extent that fact can be inter¬
preted for the benefit of a better quality thereof and
associate this with the emitter. The condition of the
5
very turn of the century, does not stand out against
the background of majority of the coins.
More than
the 10th and 11th centuries have been discovered in
Mazovia so far; they comprise approx.
man coins and over
of them are hoards of a considerably well-known
composition, containing cross denarii (Fig.
ble
The earliest of them date from the first two de¬
cades of the
700
Saxon ones. The share of issues by the other Euro¬
pean countries, Arab
and cross coins from the said period amounts to next
to nothing. They were brought to Mazovia from Great
Poland.
The next group consists of hoards from the se¬
cond quarter of the
trace quantities of
merous, however, are Anglo-Saxon and Scan¬
dinavian coins, yet German issues prevail. At that
time Mazovia encroaches upon a period of economic
boom to suck in to its market the monetary mass cir¬
culating in Great Poland and
denarii already occur in large quantities, all types
including VI.
In Mazovian deposits hidden in the second half
of the
been recorded (see f.
peared from them whatsoever, the number of Eng¬
lish and Scandinavian issues also dropped. The group
is characterised both by a mass share of cross denarii
and large number of exceptionally big hoards. These
are deposits from
Rybitwa, Rzeczki-Wólka
Almost all of them contained from approx.
5.4
of the
merely of cross coins of the youngest types have been
recorded as well. Discovered mostly towards the end
of the 19th century, they were
accurate specifications of the coins they included.
Similar was the fate of Otto s denarii of Cologne and
Otto-Adelaide pennies from earlier hoards. The per¬
centage of particular types of cross denarii from the
hoards of
Naruszewo, in which the coins have been specified,
is comparable (Table
be seen in the hoards of
Płońsk,
from the chronological group in question, save for
the one from
trace quantities. Perhaps in the hoard of
Wólka
the last type
Among the coins of the Naruszewo hoard that
can be accurately dated a Hungarian denarius by
Władysław
among ten types issued by that ruler our specimen
belongs to Type H23, whose issue
Kovács
the year
the hiding of the deposit in question. This can be
confirmed by the presence of considerably worn out
quarters of a Frisian denarius by Egbert II, which
chronologically preceeds it. While determining the
hiding time of the deposit, quite significant is the
occurrence of the younger variation of the second
group of cross denarii of Type
to the years after
using time of fragments of the youngest types of or¬
naments included in the hoard and
cross denarii struck in the last quarter of the century.
The foregoing discussion alongside analyses carried
out earlier make it possible to infer that the hoard
was formed in Mazovia most probably in the mid
1090s due to a single or
smaller commercial bids.
Thus, the hoard of Naruszewo dates from the time
when monetary silver being of real value in Mazovia
was a generally accepted legal tender. A sudden
break-down of its inflow from the outside, due to
the ore resources in the
out, intensified the silver thesaurization process.
Among other things this is what we owe to such
a large number of big deposits
decades of the lllh century
nomic and social prosperity of the area in question.
This was also the path our hoard followed soon after
it had been formed.
-84-
|
| adam_txt |
THE EARLY MEDIAEVAL COIN HOARD OF NARUSZEWO
(Summary)
The hoard of Naruszewo, district of
Mazowieckie
1985
Coins scattered all over the waste-heap were no¬
ticed and gathered by children. The news about the
find spread all around to attract local dealers, who
purchased a large number of the coins from the chil¬
dren. Due to the efforts of the State Archaeological
Museum and the contemporary Custodian of the
Ciechanów
ornaments and
alongside numerous fragments (about
and
origin were acquired for state collections. From
among the foregoing,
silver are the result of the efforts of the maintenance
department and are managed by the Voivodeship
Custodian
has been specified in the collections of the State Ar¬
chaeological Museum
From among the fragments of ceramics, the crock
made from grey-brown clay of coarse-grained ad¬
mixture has been reconstructed; its capacity was at
least twice as large as the obtained objects (Fig.
Fragments of linen, woven from flax yarn or
hemp, belong to three different kinds of identical plait
(linen
used for them (zz) (see footnote
mination did not find any traces of connecting or re¬
pairing the cloths, thus the hoard must have been
wrapped in three increasingly thick pieces of linen,
or each of the components had been originally
wrapped separately. The cloths were probably shreds
of worn-out household garments of local origin.
From among the acquired fragments of orna¬
ments one might distinguish part of
ing to variant I of the half-lunar type and a fragment
of captorga. The others come from the oblong type
from the second half of the
the
1
chaeological sites (see f.
Superficial archaeological research has not found
within its closest surroundings any traces of an ar¬
chaeological site. However, over the area of present
Naruszewo, the occurrence of an early mediaeval
burial ground with stone casing graves had been dis¬
covered earlier (see f.
The preserved monetary part of the Naruszewo
hoard seems to be representative for the original
whole; as it is, the find has-not undergone any selec¬
tion by dealers, the part of the coins that can be ac¬
curately dated making up a coherent whole (Table
Fig.
deposit in question. The oldest component of the
coins, including issues by
Theodoric, struck in the last quarter of the 10th cen¬
tury, amounts to approx.
a group of about
it
century. Coins by
1039),
cond quarter of the century, which make up the largest
part (about
that can be accurately dated. Issues from the second
half of the
from the West Slavonic market by the inflowing
anonymous Saxon coins. Thus, only
come from that period (i.e. approx.
of them belonging to the coinage of the last quarter
of the century.
English, Scandinavian, German, Bohemian,
Moravian, Hungarian and West Slavonic coinage is
represented in the obtained part of the hoard (Table
2).
reign of
glish coinage; they represent the Pointed Helmet and
Short Cross Types. Both should be associated with
the last phase of the inflow of Anglo-Saxon coins to
Poland, dated by deposits hidden between
the beginning of the 12lh century. Most of the Anglo-
Saxon coins are still pennies by Ethelred II and
I, in large part coming from the earlier family re¬
sources. The minute share of later issues points out
the fact that commercial links between Poland and
the North became weaker. The lands of Mazovia and
Central Poland were at that time the main areas of
Anglo-Saxon coins having been buried. This resulted
from the economic flourish of the foregoing regions,
which absorbed most of the monetary bulk of the
adjacent markets.
The hoard also contains two imitations. So far
imitations of Anglo-Saxon coins have been recorded
in
are Scandinavian imitations of pennies by Ethelred
II and
pennies of the EDEDO group struck at
1009
Long Cross Type (see
men known from Polish finds (see f.
vonic terrain pennies of identical obverses occurred
also in two Russian hoards (see f.
Imitation No
of an accurate analogy to be pointed out and the pro-
-81-
duction site to be specified. It typologically derives
from Ethelred II's Last Small Cross coins, issued in
the years
closest to the denarius from the Berlin part of the
Łupawa
No
Denarii by Magnus the Good
Sven Estridson (1047-1075)
official Scandinavian coinage of the hoard. How¬
ever, finds comprising coins by the said rulers concen¬
trate chiefly in
twice as little quantities as in the latter. Thus, both
the specimens of Naruszewo enrich our knowledge
of the structure of the Mazovian monetary market.
Bohemian coinage is represented by issues by
Bolesław
1061).
Hand/Cross Type is the oldest coin in the hoard in
question. The date of the enthronement of the prince
—
mark over the t.a.q. of our deposit. Following resent
studies (see f.
In the light of latest views on the beginnings of Bo¬
hemian coinage (see
issued not earlier than the second half of the 980s.
German issues prevail in the hoard. Upper and
Lower Lorraine coinage occurs in it alongside that
of Frisia,
coins, which are quite frequent in Polish hoards, oc¬
cur here in considerable quantities, too. The most
interesting group is made up by
(No
the basis of petrifaction of their dies the researchers
of the recent five decades changed H. Dannenberg's
chronology and shifted a few variants of the type to
the times of
Henry III King
issues make up in hoards the most numerous group
only after coins by Otto-Adelaide and Otto's Co¬
logne coins.
Imitations of Otto's Cologne
53)
them correspond to particular variants of Type Dbg
342
has suggested recently that the
garded as a phenomenon that links the coinage of a
number of mutually interacting south-eastern cen¬
tres of Westphalia.
The last two specimens of the group in question
come to the fore in respect of their appearance and
the details of the drawing. A detailed analysis of
denarius No
appropriate imitation, not the original Westphalian
issue, that was the prototype of it.
The hoard of Naruszewo comprises
of the so called Otto-Adelaide denarii. Three of them
belong to Type V Hatz, which already was an imi¬
tating one. Besides, four more imitations of Otto-
Adelaide's coins have been specified in the hoard.
The first two (No
Saxon illegal workshops. Obverse No
denarii of Type VI Hatz, and reverse, following the
cross denarii of Type II, have their analogies in West
Slavonic imitations published by P. Ilisch (see f.
Denarius No
verse drawing refers to Type V-4n Hatz. Whereas
the reverse bears the image which in a way para¬
phrases the reverse of Anglo-Saxon types Short
Cross, Trefoil Quadrilateral and Fleur-de-Lis:
a two-thread short cross with three points in two op¬
posite corners. The hybrid character of the specimen
under discussion evokes associations with the simi¬
lar coins of the mysterious deposit of
vided us with a considerable number of coins upon
which the die imitating the Otto-Adelaide denarius,
the cross-denarius, or coins bearing
accompanied by a die imitating Anglo-Saxon, Da¬
nish, or perhaps Norwegian coins (see f.
already published part of the hoard, as well as among
the Swedish hoards published so far in CNS, there
are no analogies referring to the two-thread cross
upon the Naruszewo specimen. The only specimen
known to me, almost identical to ours, comes from
the area of Poland, from the hoard from
49).
die as ours. The
before
Scandinavian imitations, patterned after Ethelred
pennies, which appeared in
Little Poland as early as the first quarter of the lllh
century (see f.
have come into being over the Baltic West Slavonic
areas earlier, i.e. regardless of the Scandinavian pat¬
terns, upon the basis of English coins circulating
there. What additionally marks out our coin is its
copper core. The spectrometric analysis of its chemi¬
cal composition, carried out at the Central Laborato¬
ry of the Auxiliary Sciences Establishment of the
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology to the Polish
Academy of Sciences by Ms E. Pawlicka, proved
the occurrence of
ter with
contains
Cross denarii form the bulk of the Naruszewo
hoard. They make up
deposit. Among them it has been possible to specify
specimens presenting all the types from I to
le
degree from the variants recorded in
make up a long list of new variants or variations,
time and again difficult to be attributed to variations
specified by Gumowski. However, there are no speci-
-82-
mens
far which would make it possible to specify new
groups within given types.
Most frequent are denarii belonging to Type V
(48%
type are represented by three specimens.
trefoil pearl variations
verse.
Most numerous within this type
tions with pearls arranged in the form of a wreath
and with empty corners of the cross on the reverse
(CNP
11th century.
The second most numerous group are coins bea¬
ring crosses or rings formed from little pearls upon
the obverse, and crosiers on the reverse
684),
They make up approx.
Type VI is remarkably inferior to Type V in the
quantitative aspect. It comprises about
denarii. This is made up chiefly by denarii of later
types, struck in the years
cross denarii with a large pearl or a ring in the cor¬
ners of the simple cross (group
and denarii of barely distinctive late variations of the
same period
that type there are a few interesting and rare speci¬
mens: No
XOTTO in the legends of the obverse and reverse;
denarius No
ters XBRB in the rim of the reverse (Did the die-
maker want to refer to the group of cross denarii with
EBERHARDVS EPS?); No
letter
the
tions
Słuszków
regarded as a proof for the existence of Polish cross
denarii coinage (see f.
however,
858
Only
in the third quarter of the
The cross denarii of the deposit are completed
by those of Type
verse. They make up about
Both the groups of this Type are represented here.
From the earlier and rarer one both the variant with
mere crosier attributed to the
that with a crosier surrounded by other symbols oc¬
cur here. There are
group with a crosier crossed by a stick, emitted in
the last quarter of the
belong to the latest variation of the type, struck after
1095
deposit in question.
Likewise in all the other cross denarii hoards from
the area of Mazovia, also in that of Naruszewo Type
VIII
While speaking about the chronology of particu¬
lar groups of cross denarii from all seven types (Tab¬
le
coins come from the last quarter of the
A comparative analysis proved the occurrence
of
however, they make up rather short chains (Fig.
At least as much as another
been specified, as no complete certainty has been
arrived at whatsoever. On the present stage of in¬
vestigations into the coinage of cross denarii Types
V-Vu
those referring to the mutual way the coins
lated through identical dies
As many as
sues of cross denarii have been distinguished in our
deposit. Among them there are no specimens fol¬
lowing the patterns of older types. Seven imitations
refer to Type V from the third quarter of the
tury. Their weight does not differ from their proto¬
types. The making technique of most of them does
not raise any objections. All the coins bear certain
iconographie
those to be found upon normal cross denarii. One
coin beyond any doubts is a counterfeit: it had been
made from copper or copper alloy. The following
specimens refer to variations of the Type VI from
the last quarter of the
4
apart from defective inscriptions they are characte¬
rised by a certain awkwardness of the drawing of the
cross, the rim and the wedges. However, they seem
to have been made from good silver, their weight
being quite stable
From among the coins of Type VI three specimens
made from copper alloy or alloy were specified next.
They remarkably differ in respect of appearance, di¬
mensions and weight.
Imitations of cross denarii are considerably rare
in literature on cross denarii hoards. This presumably
results from the fact that due to a quite correct re¬
construction of the extremely simple original die, they
are difficult to be picked out from bulk material.
Almost
Among half-coins no specimens coming from the
same coin have been found. Cross denarii having
been divided in two prove the demand of local mar¬
ket for smaller
The weight of complete denarii from the
Naruszewo hoard remarkably differs. The difference
between the lightest specimen
viest one
alone adjacent specimens, most denarii are comprised
-83-
by the interval
weight (Tables
evolution of the weight of both particular types and
its changes within specified variations. Note that re¬
duction is fastest for coins of Type
that of Type VI being the slowest.
Preservation analysis proved a very good con¬
dition of the younger denarii of Type VI variations,
almost twice as good as that of Types V and
question arises to what extent that fact can be inter¬
preted for the benefit of a better quality thereof and
associate this with the emitter. The condition of the
5
very turn of the century, does not stand out against
the background of majority of the coins.
More than
the 10th and 11th centuries have been discovered in
Mazovia so far; they comprise approx.
man coins and over
of them are hoards of a considerably well-known
composition, containing cross denarii (Fig.
ble
The earliest of them date from the first two de¬
cades of the
700
Saxon ones. The share of issues by the other Euro¬
pean countries, Arab
and cross coins from the said period amounts to next
to nothing. They were brought to Mazovia from Great
Poland.
The next group consists of hoards from the se¬
cond quarter of the
trace quantities of
merous, however, are Anglo-Saxon and Scan¬
dinavian coins, yet German issues prevail. At that
time Mazovia encroaches upon a period of economic
boom to suck in to its market the monetary mass cir¬
culating in Great Poland and
denarii already occur in large quantities, all types
including VI.
In Mazovian deposits hidden in the second half
of the
been recorded (see f.
peared from them whatsoever, the number of Eng¬
lish and Scandinavian issues also dropped. The group
is characterised both by a mass share of cross denarii
and large number of exceptionally big hoards. These
are deposits from
Rybitwa, Rzeczki-Wólka
Almost all of them contained from approx.
5.4
of the
merely of cross coins of the youngest types have been
recorded as well. Discovered mostly towards the end
of the 19th century, they were
accurate specifications of the coins they included.
Similar was the fate of Otto's denarii of Cologne and
Otto-Adelaide pennies from earlier hoards. The per¬
centage of particular types of cross denarii from the
hoards of
Naruszewo, in which the coins have been specified,
is comparable (Table
be seen in the hoards of
Płońsk,
from the chronological group in question, save for
the one from
trace quantities. Perhaps in the hoard of
Wólka
the last type
Among the coins of the Naruszewo hoard that
can be accurately dated a Hungarian denarius by
Władysław
among ten types issued by that ruler our specimen
belongs to Type H23, whose issue
Kovács
the year
the hiding of the deposit in question. This can be
confirmed by the presence of considerably worn out
quarters of a Frisian denarius by Egbert II, which
chronologically preceeds it. While determining the
hiding time of the deposit, quite significant is the
occurrence of the younger variation of the second
group of cross denarii of Type
to the years after
using time of fragments of the youngest types of or¬
naments included in the hoard and
cross denarii struck in the last quarter of the century.
The foregoing discussion alongside analyses carried
out earlier make it possible to infer that the hoard
was formed in Mazovia most probably in the mid
1090s due to a single or
smaller commercial bids.
Thus, the hoard of Naruszewo dates from the time
when monetary silver being of real value in Mazovia
was a generally accepted legal tender. A sudden
break-down of its inflow from the outside, due to
the ore resources in the
out, intensified the silver thesaurization process.
Among other things this is what we owe to such
a large number of big deposits
decades of the lllh century
nomic and social prosperity of the area in question.
This was also the path our hoard followed soon after
it had been formed.
-84- |
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| author | Mitkowa-Szubert, Kunka |
| author_facet | Mitkowa-Szubert, Kunka |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Mitkowa-Szubert, Kunka |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021798232 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)69505502 (DE-599)BVBBV021798232 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Naruszewo (DE-588)7566760-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Naruszewo |
| id | DE-604.BV021798232 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T15:46:58Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:44:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 8389100207 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015010783 |
| oclc_num | 69505502 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 84 S., [12] Bl. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publishDateSearch | 2002 |
| publishDateSort | 2002 |
| publisher | Wydawn. Naukowe Semper |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Mitkowa-Szubert, Kunka Verfasser aut Wczesnośredniowieczny skarb monet z Naruszewa Kunka Mitkowa-Szubert Warszawa Wydawn. Naukowe Semper 2002 84 S., [12] Bl. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The early mediaeval coin hoard of Naruszewo Monety średniowieczne - Polska - Mazowsze (region) - katalogi jhpk Wykopaliska archeologiczne - Polska - Mazowsze (region) jhpk Münzfund (DE-588)4126078-8 gnd rswk-swf Naruszewo (DE-588)7566760-5 gnd rswk-swf Naruszewo (DE-588)7566760-5 g Münzfund (DE-588)4126078-8 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015010783&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Mitkowa-Szubert, Kunka Wczesnośredniowieczny skarb monet z Naruszewa Monety średniowieczne - Polska - Mazowsze (region) - katalogi jhpk Wykopaliska archeologiczne - Polska - Mazowsze (region) jhpk Münzfund (DE-588)4126078-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4126078-8 (DE-588)7566760-5 |
| title | Wczesnośredniowieczny skarb monet z Naruszewa |
| title_auth | Wczesnośredniowieczny skarb monet z Naruszewa |
| title_exact_search | Wczesnośredniowieczny skarb monet z Naruszewa |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Wczesnośredniowieczny skarb monet z Naruszewa |
| title_full | Wczesnośredniowieczny skarb monet z Naruszewa Kunka Mitkowa-Szubert |
| title_fullStr | Wczesnośredniowieczny skarb monet z Naruszewa Kunka Mitkowa-Szubert |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wczesnośredniowieczny skarb monet z Naruszewa Kunka Mitkowa-Szubert |
| title_short | Wczesnośredniowieczny skarb monet z Naruszewa |
| title_sort | wczesnosredniowieczny skarb monet z naruszewa |
| topic | Monety średniowieczne - Polska - Mazowsze (region) - katalogi jhpk Wykopaliska archeologiczne - Polska - Mazowsze (region) jhpk Münzfund (DE-588)4126078-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Monety średniowieczne - Polska - Mazowsze (region) - katalogi Wykopaliska archeologiczne - Polska - Mazowsze (region) Münzfund Naruszewo |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015010783&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mitkowaszubertkunka wczesnosredniowiecznyskarbmonetznaruszewa |