Studies on the physiology, genetics, and evolution of some Cladocera:
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Carnegie Inst. of Washington
1939
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| Schriftenreihe: | Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC: Publication
513. Carnegie Institution, Department of Genetics, Washington, DC: Papers of the Department of Genetics 39 [vielm. 40] |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Banta, Arthur M. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Studies on the physiology, genetics, and evolution of some Cladocera |c A. M. Banta |
| 264 | 1 | |a Washington |b Carnegie Inst. of Washington |c 1939 | |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC: Publication |v 513. | |
| 490 | 1 | |a Carnegie Institution, Department of Genetics, Washington, DC: Papers of the Department of Genetics |v 39 [vielm. 40] | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Cladocera |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Cladocères |2 bcm | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cladocera | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC: Publication |v 513. |w (DE-604)BV035415500 |9 513 | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Carnegie Institution, Department of Genetics, Washington, DC: Papers of the Department of Genetics |v 39 [vielm. 40] |w (DE-604)BV036888114 |9 40 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Paper No jp, Department of Genetics
STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY,
GENETICS, AND EVOLUTION
OF SOME CLADOCERA
A M BANTA
Department of Genetics, Carnegie Institution of Washington
and Brown University
WITH THE COLLABORATION OF
THELMA R WOOD, L A BROWN, AND LESTER INGLE
PUBLISHED BY CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON, D C -J
:939 j
CONTENTS
PACE
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS x
SECTION
I GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND SURVEY OF WORK I
II GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CLADOCERA I
Life History 2
Molting 4
The Supposed Internal Cycle 8
Uniformity within a Clone 10
Culture 11
Depressions 12
III EARLY SELECTION EXPERIMENTS 15
Circumstances of Their Initiation 15
First Selection Experiments 18
Other Selection Experiments 20
IV SEX INTERGRADES IN SIMOCEPHALUS EXSPINOSUS 22
The Normal Sex Characters of Simocephalus exspinosus 22
Origin of the Sex-Intergrade Mutation 27
The Sex-Intergrade Array 30
Simocephalus exspinosus Sex-Intergrade Case Histories 32
Discussion of Sex Intergrades 36
1 Sex Intergradedness Associated with High Male Production 36
Variation in Expression of Sex Intergradedness 37
Hermaphrodites 39
Sex Reversals 42
Reciprocal Relationship between Primary and Secondary Sex Characters 42
Other Features of the Sex Intergrades 44
Selection Experiments with the Sex-Intergrade Character in Simocephalus exspinosus 49
Survival of Sex-Intergrade Stocks in Nature 58
V SEX INTERGRADES IN DAPHNIA LONGISPINA 60
The NoTmal Sex Characters of Daphnia longispina 60
Sex-Intergrade Characteristics 64
The First Leg 64
Other Secondary Sex Characters of Daphnia longispina 71
Other Matters Relating to Daphnia longispina Intergrades 72
Hermaphroditic Daphnia longispina 73
Sex Intergrades vs Gynandromorphs 74
Selection Experiments with Daphnia longispina Sex Intergrades j 75
Return Selection 81
Other Tests with the Selection Strains of Sex-Intergrade Daphnia longispina 84
V
VICONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
VI THE EXCAVATED-HEAD MUTATION ; 87
Selection Experiments with the Excavated-Head Character 96
Return Selection 101
Other Occurrences during Parthenogenesis of Head Forms Similar to Excavated Head 103
Dish Face 104
Eagle Beak 105
VII CONTROL OF MALE AND SEXUAL-EGG PRODUCTION A M Banta and L A Brown 106
Earlier Theories v 106
Survey Experiments with Crowding 108
Disproof of the Internal Cycle Theory 108
Extension and Analysis of Effects of Crowding 111
Alterations in the Gaseous Environment—Aeration 112
Excretory Products : 113
Retardation of Development Associated with Male Production by Crowding 114
Alteration of Retardation and Effects upon Male Production 114
Concentration of Food 116
Relative Importance of Quantity of Food and Crowding per se in Crowding Effects 117
Critical Periods in Development of Parthenogenetic Eggs 120
Critical Period for Determining the Number of Eggs in a Clutch 120
Critical Period for Sex Fixation 121
Relation of Sex Determination to the Maturation Division 124
Non-identity of Conditions for Male Production and for Sexual-Egg Production 126
Depression and Gamogenesis 127
Summary and Conclusions 129
VIII GENETICAL STUDIES IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION A M Banta and Thelma R fFood : 131
The Characters Studied 131
The Technique of Securing Sexual Eggs and Males of Daphnia longispina 131
t Hatching Sexual Eggs 132
Means of Determining the Presence of a Mutant Character in Sexually Produced
Offspring 132
Results of Early Studies 134
Independent Inheritance of Sex Intergradedness and Excavated Head 136
Later Genetical Studies 136
Homozygosity of Sex-Intergrade and Excavated-Head Characters 140
Evidence for Accessory Factors 142
Differences in Reciprocal Crosses of Sex Intergradedness and Excavated Head 144
Unexpected Occurrences of Sex Intergradedness-and Excavated Head 147
Siex-Intergrade Gametes Produced by High-Male-Producing Parents 148
Unexpected Occurrences of Excavated Head : 149
Presumed Rate of Mutation of Excavated Head and Sex Intergradedness 152
Mutation in HD 24 1 153
Diploidy of the Cladoceran Male 154
Heritable Factors Influencing Male Production 156
A Modification of Gamogenesis in Moina affinis 157
Physiological Characteristics of the Thermal Clone 157
Genetics of Thermalness ; 161
• Slow Development andDwarfness 162
CONTENTS Vli
SECTION PAGE
Oxygen Consumption 164
Uniformity of Parthenogenetically Produced Offspring vs Variability of Sexually Pro
duced Offspring of a Clone 165
Miss Ordway s Study of the Reproductive Characteristics of Daphnia longispina 165
Study of Moina macrocopa Clones 169
Comparison of Growth Rate and Reproductive Capacity for Parthenogenetically Pro
duced Offspring with Those for Sexually Produced Offspring of the Same Clone 170
The Occurrence and Accumulation of Recessive Deleterious Mutations during Par
thenogenesis 173
Dominant or Partially Dominant Lethal and Sublethal Mutations 178
IX GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DAPHNIA LONGISPINA Thelma R •
, Wood, Lester Ingle, and A M Banta 182
The Pre-adult Instars 185
The Adult Instars 187
Duration of Instars 190
Duration of Life 191
Reproductive Characteristics 191
Senescence 191
Causes of Death 19a
Discussion 193
Summary 199
Growth 199
Reproductive History 200
Senescence 200
Causes of Death 200
X GROWTH OF GENETICALLY DIFFERENT CLONES Thelma R Wood, A M Banta, and
Lester Ingle aoi
, Introduction ! 201
1 Methods and Material 202
The Preliminary Experiments 204
The More Critical Experiments 210
Procedure 210
Curves of Average Growth 212
Analysis of Average Growth Data: Percentage Growth Increments and Durations
of Instars ! 213
Comparison of Individual Birth Lengths, Growth Increments, and Instar Durations 216
Relative Productivity 218
Periods of Life during Which Growth Occurred 219
Relative Extent of Life Spans 220
Effects of Starvation on Maximum Body Length and Life Spans of TM 20 and
TM 136 222
Negative Growth , 222
Discussion 222
Non-applicability of Brooks Law of Growth: Genotypical and- Phenotypical
Growth Rates 222
Mechanism of Slow Development and Dwarfness • 224
Summary 228
Vlll CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
XI ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND DAPHNIA CHARACTERISTICS 229
Body Coloration 229
General Body Form: Attenuate Daphnia longispina 229
Head Forms: galeata, retrocurva, mendotae 234
Genetic and Taxonomic* Significance of Cladocera Types 240
Environmental Effects upon the Expression of Characters in Cladocera 243
Irregular Expression of Characters Due to Environmental Effects 243
Horizontal Effects upon Form Characteristics of Unknown Inheritance 244
Environmental Influences upon Clearly Mendelizing Characters 244
Cytoplasmic Influences 248
XII ADAPTATION AND EVOLUTION 253
Adaptive Character of Parthenogenesis 253
Advantages of Parthenogenesis 253
Adaptive Relationship of Gamogenesis to Parthenogenesis 254
Temperature and Gamogenesis 255
Origin and Evolution of Parthenogenesis in Cladocera 256
Does a Parthenogenetically Reproducing Race Become Static? _ 259
Possible Role of Mutation during Amixis in the Evolution of Organisms 260
Why Progressive Mutations Are Infrequently Observed 262
Role of Environment and of Cytoplasm in Cladocera 263
Species and Varieties of Cladocera 263
LITERATURE CITED - 265
INDEX 274
TABLES
PAGE
1 Origin and early history of Simocephalus exspinosus sex-intergrade mutations 29
2 Data for single-generation curves for Simocephalus exspinosus sex intergrades 54
3 Data for five-generation averages for Daphnia longispina sex intergrades facing 74
4 Test series to demonstrate genetic similarities and genetic differences in Daphnia
longispina 85
5 Early history of the excavated-head mutation 88
6 Data for excavated-head selection lines 89
7 Data for five-generation averages for excavated-head selection lines facing 96
8 Diagrammatic representation of control of sex in Moina 119
9 Inheritance of the excavated-head character in sexukl reproduction 135
10 Inheritance of the sex-intergrade character in sexual reproduction 135
11 Summary of matings involving excavated head 138
12 Summary of matings involving sex intergradedness 139
13 Summary for reciprocal crosses of sex intergrade and normal 145
14 Summary for reciprocal crosses of excavated head and normal 146
15 Summary of matings with reference to unexpected appearances of sex intergradedness 148
16 Summary of matings with reference to unexpected appearances of excavated head 150
17 Mutation in parthenogenesis in HD 24 ; : 153
18 Pedigrees of tests for diploidy of the Daphnia longispina male 155
19 Culture temperatures and survival of the young of the thermal clone, B 9 159
20 Origin and inheritance of slow development and dwarfness 163
21 Ordway s data on reproductive characteristics of different clones 167
22 Summary of hatchability and productivity of sexual offspring of line 1284 inbred after vari
ous periods of parthenogenesis 175
23 Hatchability and fertility of sexually derived young from inbreeding and crossbreeding
lines 1284, 1622, B 9, and XI 178
24 Data on growth and duration of early instars of Daphnia longispina, line 1284 186
25 Data on growth, duration of adult instars, and reproductive activity of Daphnia longispina,
line 1284 187
26 Summary of data on growth and longevity for animals with presumably a normal life span
(Daphnia longispina, line 1284) 188
27 Summary of data on reproduction for animals with presumably a normal life span (Daph
nia longispina, line 1284) ^ • 188
28 Relationships of some of the clones utilized in studies upon growth 203
- 29 Data by instars for clones studied in series V facing 212
30 Summarized data on growth and productivity of clones studied in series V 220
31 Data on growth and reproductive characteristics of Daphnia longispina, line 1284, reared
under different conditions of feeding • 225
i
ix
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURES
PAGE
i- 10 Normal sex characters in Simocephalus exspinosus 25
11- 21 Sex intergrades in Simocephalus exspinosus 31
22- 31 Sex intergrades in Simocephalus exspinosus—Continued 41
32- 35 Abnormalities in Simocephalus exspinosus 41
36- 42 Sex characters and sex intergrades in Daphnia longispina 63
43- 46 Sex intergrades in Daphnia longispina 65
47- 65 Sex intergrades in Daphnia longispina—Continued 67
66- 75 Sex intergrades in Daphnia longispina—Continued 69
76- 87 Excavated head in Daphnia longispina 91
88- 94 Excavated head in Daphnia longispina—Continued 93
95- 99 Short beak in Daphnia longispina 93
100, 101 Normal and dishTface Daphnia magna 93
102-107 Attenuate Daphnia longispina and descendants 231
108-1 19 Elongate Daphnia longispina and descendants 233
120-140 Daphnia of the galeata type and descendants 237
141-155 Daphnia retrocurva from Lake Mendota and descendants 239
156-170 Daphnia of the mendotae type and descendants 241
DIAGRAMS
1 Simocephalus exspinosus sex-intergrade selection data, single-generation curves 56
2 Simocephalus exspinosus sex-intergrade selection data, five-generation curves 57
3 Daphnia longispina sex-intergrade selection data, single-generation curves 76
4 Daphnia longispina sex-intergrade selection data, five-generation curves 77
5 Daphnia longispina excavated-head selection data, single-generation curves 97
6 Daphnia longispina excavated-head selection data, five-generation curves 98
7 Growth indices for parthenogenetically produced and for sexually produced offspring 171
8 Reproductive indices for parthenogenetically produced and for sexually produced off
spring ; 172
9 Diagram showing growth increments, instar durations, and reproductive rates of series
IV, V, and VI 189
10 Growth curves for the first preliminary series: lines 1284 and TM 116 205
11 Average daily growth curves for the eleven clones of the second preliminary series and for
clone TR 1 206
•12 Individual daily growth curves for clones TN 87, TM 50, and TM 116 208
13 Individual daily growth curves for clones XI and TR 1 209
14 Average growth curves for series V 213
15 Diagram showing length at birth, growth increments, and total length in millimeters
attained by each animal in series V (April 1934) facing 216
16 Diagram showing the duration in hours of all instars for each animal in series V (April
1934) •; facing 218
|
| adam_txt |
Paper No jp, Department of Genetics
STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY,
GENETICS, AND EVOLUTION
OF SOME CLADOCERA
A M BANTA
Department of Genetics, Carnegie Institution of Washington
and Brown University
WITH THE COLLABORATION OF
THELMA R WOOD, L A BROWN, AND LESTER INGLE
PUBLISHED BY CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON, D C -J
:939 j
CONTENTS
PACE
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS x
SECTION
I GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND SURVEY OF WORK I
II GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CLADOCERA I
Life History 2
Molting 4
The Supposed Internal Cycle 8
Uniformity within a Clone 10
Culture 11
Depressions 12
III EARLY SELECTION EXPERIMENTS 15
Circumstances of Their Initiation 15
First Selection Experiments 18
Other Selection Experiments 20
IV SEX INTERGRADES IN SIMOCEPHALUS EXSPINOSUS 22
The Normal Sex Characters of Simocephalus exspinosus 22
Origin of the Sex-Intergrade Mutation 27
The Sex-Intergrade Array 30
Simocephalus exspinosus Sex-Intergrade Case Histories 32
Discussion of Sex Intergrades 36
1 Sex Intergradedness Associated with High Male Production '36
Variation in Expression of Sex Intergradedness 37
Hermaphrodites 39
Sex Reversals 42
Reciprocal Relationship between Primary and Secondary Sex Characters 42
Other Features of the Sex Intergrades 44
Selection Experiments with the Sex-Intergrade Character in Simocephalus exspinosus 49
Survival of Sex-Intergrade Stocks in Nature 58
V SEX INTERGRADES IN DAPHNIA LONGISPINA 60
The NoTmal Sex Characters of Daphnia longispina 60
Sex-Intergrade Characteristics 64
The First Leg 64
Other Secondary Sex Characters of Daphnia longispina 71
Other Matters Relating to Daphnia longispina Intergrades 72
Hermaphroditic Daphnia longispina 73
Sex Intergrades vs Gynandromorphs 74
Selection Experiments with Daphnia longispina Sex Intergrades j 75
Return Selection 81
Other Tests with the Selection Strains of Sex-Intergrade Daphnia longispina 84
V
VICONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
VI THE EXCAVATED-HEAD MUTATION ; 87
Selection Experiments with the Excavated-Head Character 96
Return Selection 101
Other Occurrences during Parthenogenesis of Head Forms Similar to Excavated Head 103
Dish Face 104
Eagle Beak 105
VII CONTROL OF MALE AND SEXUAL-EGG PRODUCTION A M Banta and L A Brown 106
Earlier Theories v 106
Survey Experiments with Crowding 108
Disproof of the Internal Cycle Theory 108
Extension and Analysis of Effects of Crowding 111
Alterations in the Gaseous Environment—Aeration 112
Excretory Products : 113
Retardation of Development Associated with Male Production by Crowding 114
Alteration of Retardation and Effects upon Male Production 114
Concentration of Food 116
Relative Importance of Quantity of Food and Crowding per se in Crowding Effects 117
Critical Periods in Development of Parthenogenetic Eggs 120
Critical Period for Determining the Number of Eggs in a Clutch 120
Critical Period for Sex Fixation 121
Relation of Sex Determination to the Maturation Division 124
Non-identity of Conditions for Male Production and for Sexual-Egg Production 126
Depression and Gamogenesis 127
Summary and Conclusions 129
VIII GENETICAL STUDIES IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION A M Banta and Thelma R fFood : 131
The Characters Studied 131
The Technique of Securing Sexual Eggs and Males of Daphnia longispina 131
t Hatching Sexual Eggs 132
Means of Determining the Presence of a Mutant Character in Sexually Produced
Offspring 132
Results of Early Studies 134
Independent Inheritance of Sex Intergradedness and Excavated Head 136
Later Genetical Studies 136
Homozygosity of Sex-Intergrade and Excavated-Head Characters 140
Evidence for Accessory Factors 142
Differences in Reciprocal Crosses of Sex Intergradedness and Excavated Head 144
Unexpected Occurrences of Sex Intergradedness-and Excavated Head 147
Siex-Intergrade Gametes Produced by High-Male-Producing Parents 148
Unexpected Occurrences of Excavated Head : 149
Presumed Rate of Mutation of Excavated Head and Sex Intergradedness 152
Mutation in HD 24 1 153
Diploidy of the Cladoceran Male 154
Heritable Factors Influencing Male Production 156
A Modification of Gamogenesis in Moina affinis 157
Physiological Characteristics of the Thermal Clone 157
Genetics of Thermalness ; 161
• Slow Development andDwarfness 162
CONTENTS' Vli
SECTION PAGE
Oxygen Consumption 164
Uniformity of Parthenogenetically Produced Offspring vs Variability of Sexually Pro
duced Offspring of a Clone 165
Miss Ordway's Study of the Reproductive Characteristics of Daphnia longispina 165
Study of Moina macrocopa Clones 169
Comparison of Growth Rate and Reproductive Capacity for Parthenogenetically Pro
duced Offspring with Those for Sexually Produced Offspring of the Same Clone 170
The Occurrence and Accumulation of Recessive Deleterious Mutations during Par
thenogenesis 173
Dominant or Partially Dominant Lethal and Sublethal Mutations 178
IX GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DAPHNIA LONGISPINA Thelma R •
, Wood, Lester Ingle, and A M Banta 182
The Pre-adult Instars 185
The Adult Instars 187
Duration of Instars 190
Duration of Life 191
Reproductive Characteristics 191
Senescence 191
Causes of Death 19a
Discussion 193
Summary 199
Growth 199
Reproductive History 200
Senescence 200
Causes of Death 200
X GROWTH OF GENETICALLY DIFFERENT CLONES Thelma R Wood, A M Banta, and
Lester Ingle aoi
, Introduction ! 201
1 Methods and Material 202
The Preliminary Experiments 204
The More Critical Experiments 210
Procedure 210
Curves of Average Growth 212
Analysis of Average Growth Data: Percentage Growth Increments and Durations
of Instars ! 213
Comparison of Individual Birth Lengths, Growth Increments, and Instar Durations 216
Relative Productivity 218
Periods of Life during Which Growth Occurred 219
Relative Extent of Life Spans 220
Effects of Starvation on Maximum Body Length and Life Spans of TM 20 and
TM 136 222
Negative Growth , 222
Discussion 222
Non-applicability of Brooks' Law of Growth: Genotypical and- Phenotypical
Growth Rates 222
Mechanism of Slow Development and Dwarfness • 224
Summary 228
Vlll CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
XI ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND DAPHNIA CHARACTERISTICS 229
Body Coloration 229
General Body Form: Attenuate Daphnia longispina 229
Head Forms: galeata, retrocurva, mendotae 234
Genetic and Taxonomic* Significance of Cladocera Types 240
Environmental Effects upon the Expression of Characters in Cladocera 243
Irregular Expression of Characters Due to Environmental Effects 243
Horizontal Effects upon Form Characteristics of Unknown Inheritance 244
Environmental Influences upon Clearly Mendelizing Characters 244
Cytoplasmic Influences 248
XII ADAPTATION AND EVOLUTION 253
Adaptive Character of Parthenogenesis 253
Advantages of Parthenogenesis 253
Adaptive Relationship of Gamogenesis to Parthenogenesis 254
Temperature and Gamogenesis 255
Origin and Evolution of Parthenogenesis in Cladocera 256
Does a Parthenogenetically Reproducing Race Become Static? _ 259
Possible Role of Mutation during Amixis in the Evolution of Organisms 260
Why Progressive Mutations Are Infrequently Observed 262
Role of Environment and of Cytoplasm in Cladocera 263
Species and Varieties of Cladocera 263
LITERATURE CITED - 265
INDEX 274
TABLES
PAGE
1 Origin and early history of Simocephalus exspinosus sex-intergrade mutations 29
2 Data for single-generation curves for Simocephalus exspinosus sex intergrades 54
3 Data for five-generation averages for Daphnia longispina sex intergrades facing 74
4 Test series to demonstrate genetic similarities and genetic differences in Daphnia
longispina 85
5 Early history of the excavated-head mutation 88
6 Data for excavated-head selection lines 89
7 Data for five-generation averages for excavated-head selection lines \ facing 96
8 Diagrammatic representation of control of sex in Moina 119
9 Inheritance of the excavated-head character in sexukl reproduction 135
10 Inheritance of the sex-intergrade character in sexual reproduction 135
11 Summary of matings involving excavated head 138
12 Summary of matings involving sex intergradedness 139
13 Summary for reciprocal crosses of sex intergrade and normal 145
14 Summary for reciprocal crosses of excavated head and normal 146
15 Summary of matings with reference to unexpected appearances of sex intergradedness 148
16 Summary of matings with reference to unexpected appearances of excavated head 150
17 Mutation in parthenogenesis in HD 24 ; : 153
18 Pedigrees of tests for diploidy of the Daphnia longispina male 155
19 Culture temperatures and survival of the young of the thermal clone, B 9 159
20 Origin and inheritance of slow development and dwarfness 163
21 Ordway's data on reproductive characteristics of different clones 167
22 Summary of hatchability and productivity of sexual offspring of line 1284 inbred after vari
ous periods of parthenogenesis 175
23 Hatchability and fertility of sexually derived young from inbreeding and crossbreeding
lines 1284, 1622, B 9, and XI 178
24 Data on growth and duration of early instars of Daphnia longispina, line 1284 186
25 Data on growth, duration of adult instars, and reproductive activity of Daphnia longispina,
line 1284 187
26 Summary of data on growth and longevity for animals with presumably a normal life span
(Daphnia longispina, line 1284) 188
27 Summary of data on reproduction for animals with presumably a normal life span (Daph
nia longispina, line 1284) ^ • 188
28 Relationships of some of the clones utilized in studies upon growth 203
- 29 Data by instars for clones studied in series V facing 212
30 Summarized data on growth and productivity of clones studied in series V ' 220
31 Data on growth and reproductive characteristics of Daphnia longispina, line 1284, reared
under different conditions of feeding • 225
i
ix
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURES
PAGE
i- 10 Normal sex characters in Simocephalus exspinosus 25
11- 21 Sex intergrades in Simocephalus exspinosus 31
22- 31 Sex intergrades in Simocephalus exspinosus—Continued 41
32- 35 Abnormalities in Simocephalus exspinosus 41
36- 42 Sex characters and sex intergrades in Daphnia longispina 63
43- 46 Sex intergrades in Daphnia longispina 65
47- 65 Sex intergrades in Daphnia longispina—Continued 67
66- 75 Sex intergrades in Daphnia longispina—Continued 69
76- 87 Excavated head in Daphnia longispina 91
88- 94 Excavated head in Daphnia longispina—Continued 93
95- 99 Short beak in Daphnia longispina 93
100, 101 Normal and dishTface Daphnia magna 93
102-107 Attenuate Daphnia longispina and descendants 231
108-1 19 Elongate Daphnia longispina and descendants 233
120-140 Daphnia of the galeata type and descendants 237
141-155 Daphnia retrocurva from Lake Mendota and descendants 239
156-170 Daphnia of the mendotae type and descendants 241
DIAGRAMS
1 Simocephalus exspinosus sex-intergrade selection data, single-generation curves 56
2 Simocephalus exspinosus sex-intergrade selection data, five-generation curves 57
3 Daphnia longispina sex-intergrade selection data, single-generation curves 76
4 Daphnia longispina sex-intergrade selection data, five-generation curves 77
5 Daphnia longispina excavated-head selection data, single-generation curves 97
6 Daphnia longispina excavated-head selection data, five-generation curves 98
7 Growth indices for parthenogenetically produced and for sexually produced offspring 171
8 Reproductive indices for parthenogenetically produced and for sexually produced off
spring ; 172
9 Diagram showing growth increments, instar durations, and reproductive rates of series
IV, V, and VI 189
10 Growth curves for the first preliminary series: lines 1284 and TM 116 205
11 Average daily growth curves for the eleven clones of the second preliminary series and for
clone TR 1 206
•12 Individual daily growth curves for clones TN 87, TM 50, and TM 116 208
13 Individual daily growth curves for clones XI and TR 1 209
14 Average growth curves for series V 213
15 Diagram showing length at birth, growth increments, and total length in millimeters
attained by each animal in series V (April 1934) facing 216
16 Diagram showing the duration in hours of all instars for each animal in series V (April
1934) •; facing 218 |
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| discipline_str_mv | Biologie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV021789038 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T15:43:55Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:44:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015001718 |
| oclc_num | 1150954 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 |
| physical | X, 285 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1939 |
| publishDateSearch | 1939 |
| publishDateSort | 1939 |
| publisher | Carnegie Inst. of Washington |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC: Publication Carnegie Institution, Department of Genetics, Washington, DC: Papers of the Department of Genetics |
| series2 | Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC: Publication Carnegie Institution, Department of Genetics, Washington, DC: Papers of the Department of Genetics |
| spelling | Banta, Arthur M. Verfasser aut Studies on the physiology, genetics, and evolution of some Cladocera A. M. Banta Washington Carnegie Inst. of Washington 1939 X, 285 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC: Publication 513. Carnegie Institution, Department of Genetics, Washington, DC: Papers of the Department of Genetics 39 [vielm. 40] Cladocera ram Cladocères bcm Cladocera Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC: Publication 513. (DE-604)BV035415500 513 Carnegie Institution, Department of Genetics, Washington, DC: Papers of the Department of Genetics 39 [vielm. 40] (DE-604)BV036888114 40 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015001718&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Banta, Arthur M. Studies on the physiology, genetics, and evolution of some Cladocera Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC: Publication Carnegie Institution, Department of Genetics, Washington, DC: Papers of the Department of Genetics Cladocera ram Cladocères bcm Cladocera |
| title | Studies on the physiology, genetics, and evolution of some Cladocera |
| title_auth | Studies on the physiology, genetics, and evolution of some Cladocera |
| title_exact_search | Studies on the physiology, genetics, and evolution of some Cladocera |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Studies on the physiology, genetics, and evolution of some Cladocera |
| title_full | Studies on the physiology, genetics, and evolution of some Cladocera A. M. Banta |
| title_fullStr | Studies on the physiology, genetics, and evolution of some Cladocera A. M. Banta |
| title_full_unstemmed | Studies on the physiology, genetics, and evolution of some Cladocera A. M. Banta |
| title_short | Studies on the physiology, genetics, and evolution of some Cladocera |
| title_sort | studies on the physiology genetics and evolution of some cladocera |
| topic | Cladocera ram Cladocères bcm Cladocera |
| topic_facet | Cladocera Cladocères |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015001718&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035415500 (DE-604)BV036888114 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bantaarthurm studiesonthephysiologygeneticsandevolutionofsomecladocera |