Verfügbarkeit: Encyclopedia of Quaternary science

Encyclopedia of Quaternary science: 1

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2007
Ausgabe:	1. ed.
Schlagworte:	Geologie Quartär Enzyklopädie
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XLV, 852 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
ISBN:	0444519203 9780444519207

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	CONTENTS VOLUME INTRODUCTION Introduction: Societal Relevance of Quaternary Research Introduction: History of Quaternary Science Introduction: History of Dating Methods Introduction: History of Recent Major Projects A ALKENONE STUDIES see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Aikenone Paleothermometry from Coccoliths ALLOSTRATIGRAPHY see QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY: Morphostratigraphy-Allostratigraphy AMINO-ACID DATING ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Global Expansion ago, Africa; Global Expansion Global Expansion ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS Overview 2.7 2.7 1.9 Global Expansion Global Expansion Global Expansion Global Expansion Neanderthal Demise Postglacial Adaptations В BEETLE RECORDS Overview Late Tertiary and Early Quaternary Middle Pleistocene of Europe Late Pleistocene of Australia Late Pleistocene of Europe M-J Late Pleistocene of Japan Late Pleistocene of South America Late Pleistocene of North America xxxiv Contents Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Postglacial Europe Postglacial North America BERINGIA see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Global Expansion RECORDS: Late Pleistocene of North America; DUNE FIELDS: High Latitudes; Events in Beringia; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, RECORDS: Late Pleistocene North Pacific; PLANT MACROFOSSIL RECORDS: Arctic North America; POLLEN RECORDS, LATE PLEISTOCENE: Northern North America; VERTEBRATE RECORDS: Late Pleistocene of North America; Late Pleistocene of Northern Asia BIOGENIC CARBONATE STUDIES see CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES: Biogenic Studies BOND CYCLES see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Sub-Milankovitch (DO/Heinrich) Events С CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES Overview Speleothems Thermokarst Topography Terrestrial Teeth and Bones Biogenic Terrestrial Organic Materials Non-Lacustrine Terrestrial Studies Lake Sediments CARBON-DIOXIDE, ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS see CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES: Overview; ICE CORE METHODS: CO2 Studies; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES: Carbon Cycle Proxies; PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES: CO2 Reconstruction from Fossil Leaves CAVE ART see VERTEBRATE STUDIES: Interactions with Hominids CHARCOAL STUDIES see PALEOBOTANY: Charred Particle Analysis CHIRONOMID OVERVIEW CHIRONOMID RECORDS Africa Late Pleistocene of Europe Postglacial Europe Postglacial Southern Hemisphere CLADOCERA STUDIES see PALEOLIMNOLOGY: Cladocera CLIMATE CHANGE see PALEOCLIMATE: Introduction; Time Scales of Climate Change; PALEOCLIMATE MODELING: Data-Model Comparisons; Quaternary Environments; The Last GCMs; Paleo-ENSO; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Approaches; Pliocene Environments; Paleodroughts and Society; Sub-Milankovitch (DO/Heinrich) Events; Paleotempestology; Younger Dryas Oscillation, Global Evidence; The Last Millennium; Historical Climatology; PALEOCLIMATE RELEVANCE TO GLOBAL WARMING CLIMATE MODELING, QUATERNARY see PALEOCLIMATE MODELING: Quaternary Environments COCCOLITHOPHORE STUDIES see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Alkenone Paleothermometry from Coccoliths; Coccoliths COLEÓPTERA Pleistocene of Europe; Late Pleistocene of Australia; Late Pleistocene of Europe; Late Pleistocene of Japan; Late Pleistocene of South America; Late Pleistocene of North America; Late Pleistocene of New Zealand; Late Pleistocene of Northern Asia; Postglacial Europe; Postglacial North America CORAL STUDIES see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Corals, Sclerosponges and Mollusks- SEA LEVEL STUDIES: Coral Records COSMOGENIC NUCLIDE DATING Overview Contents xxxv Methods Cosmic Ray Interactions in Minerals Exposure Geochronology Landscape Evolution CUT-MARKED BONE see VERTEBRATE STUDIES: Interactions with Hominids D DANSGAARD-OESCHGER EVENTS see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Paleodroughts and Society DATING TECHNIQUES A DENDROARCHAEOLOGY see PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES: Dendroarchaeology DENDROCHRONOLOGY DENDROCLIMATOLOGY DIATOM INTRODUCTION V Jones DIATOM METHODS á1 Data Interpretation A Korhola Quaternary Geological Records fl Salinity Reconstructions from Continental Lakes Use in Archaeology DIATOM RECORDS Antarctic Waters Freshwater Laminated Sequences Large Lakes A W Marine Laminated Sequences North Atlantic and Arctic Pacific DIATOMS, MARINE see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Marine Diatoms DINOFLAGELLATES see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Dinoflagellates DNA, DNA, DROUGHT HISTORY RECONSTRUCTION see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Paleodroughts and Society DUNE FIELDS High Latitudes Mid-Latitudes Low Latitudes E EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, RECORDS: Postglacial South Pacific; PALEOCLIMATE MODELING: Paleo-ENSO ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE DATING see LUMINESCENCE DATING: Electron Spin Resonance Dating EOLIAN SEDIMENTS see PALEOSOLS AND WIND-BLOWN SEDIMENTS: Overview; Nature of Paleosols; Mineral Magnetic Analysis; Soil Micromorphology; Weathering Profiles; Soil Morphology in Quaternary Studies EOLIAN RECORDS, DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS EQUILIBRIUM LINE ALTITUDE ERRATICS, GLACIAL see GLACIAL EXTINCTIONS, QUATERNARY VERTEBRATES see VERTEBRATE RECORDS: Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions xxxvi Contents F FELSENMEER (BLOCKFIELDS) FISSION-TRACK DATING FLUVIAL ENVIRONMENTS Sediments A Asian Responses to Rapid Environmental Change Terrace Sequences Deltaic Environments FORAMINIFERA STUDIES see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Benthic Foraminifera; Planktic Foraminifera; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES: Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy of the Oceans; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Temperature Proxies, Census Counts FOSSIL MITES see ORIBATID MITES G GEOMAGNETIC EXCURSIONS AND SECULAR VARIATIONS GLACIAL CLIMATES Biosphere Feedbacks V Brovkin Effects of Atmospheric Dust Thermohaline Circulation Volcanic and Solar Forcing GLACIAL Introduction Moraine Forms and Genesis Quaternary Vulcanism, Evidence Glacial Land Systems Glacifluvial Glacitectonic Structures and GLACIAL Major Scale Forms VOLUME G GLACIAL Micro to Macro Scale Forms GLACIAL Growth and Decay Evidence of Glacier and Ice Sheet Extent Paleo ELAs A Trimlines and Palaeonunataks GLACIAL Clast Form Analysis Glacifluvial Glacigenic Glacimarine Sediments and Ice-Rafted Debris IVIicromorphology of Glacial Sediments Till Fabric Analysis Contents xxxvii Tills Glacial Erratics and Till Dispersal Indicators GLACIAL Dendrogeomorphology Dendroglaciology Dan Smith and Dave Lewis GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL SCALE FLUVIAL RESPONSES GLACIATION, CAUSES Tectonic Uplift-Continental Milankovitch Theory and Paleoclimate GLACIATIONS Overview Early Quaternary Mid-Quaternary in Eurasia Mid-Quaternary in North America C Mid-Quaternary in the Southern Hemisphere Late Pleistocene Events in Beringia Late Pleistocene Late Quaternary of Antarctica Late Late Quaternary in North America Late Quaternary in South America Late Quaternary in Highland Asia Late Glacial Events in Northwest Europe Neoglaciation in Europe Neoglaciation in the American Cordilleras GLOBAL WARMING see PALEOCLIMATE RELEVANCE TO GLOBAL WARMING H HEINRICH HISTORICAL CLIMATE RECORDS see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Historical Climatology; The Last Millennium HOLOCENE ENVIRONMENTS see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Postglacial Adaptations; BEETLE RECORDS: Postglacial Europe; Postglacial North America; CHIRONOMID RECORDS: Postglacial Europe; Postglacial Southern Hemisphere; DENDROCLIMATOLOGY; DIATOM METHODS: Use in Archaeology; Europe; Neoglaciation in the American Cordilleras; ICE CORES: Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet; Dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Dynamics of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, RECORDS: Postglacial Indian Ocean; Postglacial North Atlantic; Postglacial North Pacific; Postglacial South Pacific; PALEOCLIMATE: Time Scales of Climate Change; Peatland Records of Holocene Climate Change; PALEOCLIMATE MODELING: Paleo-ENSO; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Historical Climatology; The Last Millennium; PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES: Treeline Studies; Dendroarchaeology; PLANT MACROFOSSIL RECORDS: Holocene North America; POLLEN RECORDS, POSTGLACIAL: Africa; Australia and New Zealand; Northeastern North America; Northern Asia; Northern Europe; Northwestern North America; South America; Southeastern North America; Southern Europe; Southwestern North America HUMAN EVOLUTION see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Overview; 2.7 I ICE CORE METHODS Overview Biological Material xxxviii Contents Borehole Temperature Records Chronologies CO2 Studies Conductivity Studies Glaciochemistry Methane Studies Microparticle and Trace Element Studies Stable isotopes ICE CORE RECORDS Africa Chinese, Tibetan Mountains South America Antarctic Stable Isotopes Greenland Stable Isotopes Correlations Between Greenland and Antarctica Ice Margin Sites Thermal Diffusion ICE CORES History of Research, Greenland and Antarctica Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet Dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Dynamics of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet ICE SHEETS, and Ice Sheet Extent; Trimlines and Palaeonunataks; Mid-Quaternary in North America; Mid-Quaternary in the Southern Hemisphere; Late Pleistocene Events in Beringia; Late Pleistocene of the SW Pacific Region; Late Quaternary of Antarctica; Late Quaternary in Lowland Asia; Late Quaternary in North America; Late Quaternary in South America; Late Glacial Events in Northwest Europe; ICE CORES: Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet; Dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Dynamics of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet ICE WEDGES, ICE WEDGE CASTS see PERIGLACIAL К K/Ar L LAKE CHEMISTRY RECONSTRUCTION see PALEOLIMNOLOGY: Lake Chemistry LAKE LEVEL STUDIES 1319 1336 1343 1359 1366 North America Latin America West-Central-Europe LICHENOMETRY LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY see QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY: Lithostratigraphy LOESS DEPOSITS, ORIGINS AND PROPERTIES LOESS RECORDS Central Asia China Overview R T Africa M E Asia G Australia J Modeling J Contents xxxix Europe North South America LUMINESCENCE Thermoluminescence Optically-Stimulated Electron M MAGNETIC POLARITY STUDIES see GEOMAGNETIC EXCURSIONS AND SECULAR VARIATIONS MAMMALIAN EVOLUTION see VERTEBRATE OVERVIEW; VERTEBRATE RECORDS: Early Pleistocene; Mid-Pleistocene of Africa; Mid-Pleistocene of Southern Asia; VERTEBRATE STUDIES: Ancient MARINE ISOTOPE STAGES see INTRODUCTION: History of Recent Major Projects; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES: Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy of the Oceans MEGAFAUNA, VERTEBRATE OVERVIEW; VERTEBRATE RECORDS: Early Pleistocene; Late Pleistocene of Africa; Late Pleistocene of North America; Late Pleistocene of Northern Asia; Late Pleistocene of South America; Late Pleistocene of Southeast Asia; Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions; Mid-Pleistocene of Africa; Mid-Pleistocene of Europe; Mid-Pleistocene of Southern Asia; Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions; VERTEBRATE STUDIES: Interactions with Hominids MEGAFAUNAL EXTINCTION see VERTEBRATE RECORDS: Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions; VERTEBRATE STUDIES: Interactions with Hominids METHANE STUDIES, ICE CORES see ICE CORE METHODS: Methane Studies Mg Paleothermometry MICROMORPHOLOGY OF SEDIMENTS see GLACIAL Sediments; PALEOSOLS AND WIND-BLOWN SEDIMENTS: Soil Micromorphology MIDGES seeCHIRONOMID OVERVIEW; CHIRONOMID RECORDS: Africa; Late Pleistocene of Europe; Postglacial Europe; Postglacial Southern Hemisphere MID-PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATE RECORDS Australia North America MILANKOVITCH THEORY see MOLLUSKS, MARINE see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Corals, Sclerosponges and Mollusks MORAINES, GLACIAL see GLACIAL Glacial Land Systems; Glacitectonic Structures and Erratics and Till Dispersal Indicators MORPHOSTRATIGRAPHY see QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY: Morphostratigraphy-Allostratigraphy N NEANDERTHAL DEMISE see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Neanderthal Demise NEOGLACIATION see О OPTICALLY-STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE DATING see LUMINESCENCE DATING: Optically-Stimulated Luminescence ORIBATID MITES OSTRACODES, MARINE see PALEOLIMNOLOGY: Marine Ostracods OXYGEN ISOTOPE STAGES see INTRODUCTION: History of Recent Major Projects; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES: Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy of the Oceans xl Contents Ρ PACKRAT PALEOANTHROPOLOGY see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Overview; 2.7 ago, Africa; Global Expansion Global Expansion PALEOBOTANY Overview Ancient Plant Charred Particle Analysis Paleophytogeography PALEOCEANOGRAPHY PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES Alkenone Paleothermometry from Coccoliths Benthic Foraminifera Biomarkers Coccoliths Corals, Dinoflagellates A de Marine Planktic Foraminifera HJDowsett Radiolarians and Silicoflagellates D Temperature Proxies, Census Counts PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES Carbon Cycle Proxies Dissolution of Deep-Sea Carbonates VOLUME PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES Mg Nutrient Proxies Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy of the Oceans Oxygen Radioisotope Proxies Salinity Proxies Terrigenous Sediments PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, RECORDS Early Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene North Pacific Late Pleistocene South Atlantic Postglacial Indian Ocean Postglacial North Atlantic Postglacial North Pacific A Koutavas Postglacial South Pacific Frank PALEOCLIMATE Introduction Time Scales of Climate Change Contents xli Peatland PALEOCLIMATE Data-Model Comparisons Quaternary Environments The Last Last Glacial Maximum GCMs A J Broccoli Paleo-ENSO PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION Approaches BShuman 1943 Pliocene Environments RZPoore Paleodroughts and Society Sub-Milankovitch (DO/Heinrich) Events Paleotempestology Younger Dryas Oscillation, Global Evidence The Last Millennium Historical Climatology PALEOCLIMATE RELEVANCE TO GLOBAL WARMING PALEOLIMNOLOGY Overview Cladocera Lake Chemistry Marine Ostracods Pigment Studies PALEOLITHIC see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Overview; 2.7 ago, Africa; Global Expansion Global Expansion PALEOSOLS AND WIND-BLOWN SEDIMENTS Overview Daniel Nature of Paleosols Mineral Magnetic Analysis Soil Micromorphology Weathering Profiles Soil Morphology in Quaternary Studies PATTERNED GROUND see PERIGLACIAL PEAT STUDIES see PALEOCLIMATE: Peatland Records of Holocene Climate Change; PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES: Mire and Peat Macros PEDOSTRATIGRAPHY see QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY: Pedostratigraphy PERIGLACIAL Active Layer Processes Cryoturbation Structures Ice Wedges and Ice Wedge Casts Paraglacial Geomorphology Patterned Ground Permafrost Pingos Slope Deposits and Forms PERIGLACIAL Block/Rock Streams Blockfields Rock Glaciers xlii Contents Talus Slopes Rock PERMAFROST HISTORY see PERIGLACIAL Patterned Ground; Permafrost PHYTOLITHS PIGMENTS, FOSSIL see PALEOLIMNOLOGY: Pigment Studies PINGOS PLANT MACROFOSSIL INTRODUCTION PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES CO2 Reconstruction from Fossil Leaves Megafossils Dendroarchaeology Mire and Peat Macros Paleolimnological Applications M-J Rodent Middens Surface Samples, Taphonomy, Representation Treeline Studies Use in Environmental Archaeology Validation of Pollen Studies PLANT MACROFOSSIL RECORDS Arctic Eurasia Arctic North America Greenland Holocene North America Late Glacial Multidisciplinary Studies PLATE Tectonic Uplift-Continental PLIOCENE ENVIRONMENTS see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Pliocene Environments POLLEN ANALYSIS, PRINCIPLES POLLEN METHODS AND STUDIES Use of Pollen as Climate Proxies Reconstructing Past Biodiversity Development Numerical Analysis Methods Databases and their Application J C Surface Samples and Trapping Stand-Scale Palynology Changing Plant Distributions BIOME Model of Vegetation Reconstruction POLLSCAPE Archaeological Applications M-J VOLUME P POLLEN RECORDS, LAST POLLEN RECORDS, LATE PLEISTOCENE Africa Australia and New Zealand Contents xliii Northern Northern South America H Hooghiemstra Southern Europe J-L de Beaulieu, Western POLLEN RECORDS, POSTGLACIAL Africa Australia and New Zealand Northeastern North Northern Northern Northwestern South America H Behling Southeastern North Southern Southwestern North America POTASSIUM-ARGON DATING see Q QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY Overview Biostratigraphy Chronostratigraphy Climatostratigraphy Lithostratigraphy HJT Weerts and Morphostratigraphy-Allostratigraphy Pedostratigraphy A S Sequence Stratigraphy Tephrochronology S VAIloway, G Larsen, R RADILARIAN RADIOCARBON DATING Conventional Method AMS Sources of Error Variations in Atmospheric 14C Causes of Temporal Variations Calibration Charcoal Plant Macrofossils ROCK GLACIERS see PERIGLACIAL RODENT MIDDENS see PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES: Rodent Middens S SEA LEVEL STUDIES Overview Geomorphological Indicators PAPirazzoli High Energy Coasts Sedimentary Indicators JAGCooper xliv Contents Low Coral Records Microfossil Eustatic Sea-Level Changes, Glacial-lnterglacial Cycles Eustatic Sea-Level Changes Since the Last Isostasy SEA-LEVELS, LATE QUATERNARY High Latitudes Mid-Latitudes Tectonic Locations A R Nelson Tropics SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Alkenone Paleothermometry from Coccoliths; Marine Diatoms; Planktic Foraminifera; Temperature Proxies, Census Counts; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES: Carbon Cycle Proxies; Stratigraphy of the Oceans; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, RECORDS: Late Pleistocene North Atlantic; Late Pleistocene North Pacific; Late Pleistocene South Atlantic; Postglacial Indian Ocean; Postglacial North Atlantic; Postglacial North Pacific; Postglacial South Pacific SILICOFLAGELLATES see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Radiolarians and Silicoflagellates SPELEOTHEMS see CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES: Speleothems STABLE ISOTOPE STUDIES, CARBONATES see CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES: Overview; Speleothems; Thermokarst Topography; Terrestrial Teeth and Bones; Biogenic Studies; Terrestrial Organic Materials; Non- Lacustrine Terrestrial Studies; Lake Sediments STABLE ISOTOPE STUDIES, DEEP SEA RECORDS see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES: Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy of the Oceans; Oxygen 18O; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, RECORDS: Early Pleistocene; Late Pleistocene North Atlantic; Late Pleistocene South Atlantic; Postglacial Indian Ocean; Postglacial North Atlantic; Postglacial North Pacific; Postglacial South Pacific; ICE CORE METHODS: Stable isotopes; ICE CORE RECORDS: Greenland Stable Isotopes; Correlations Between Greenland and Antarctica STABLE ISOTOPE STUDIES, ICE CORES see ICE CORE METHODS: Stable isotopes; ICE CORE RECORDS: Greenland Stable Isotopes; Correlations Between Greenland and Antarctica SUB-MILANKOVITCH EVENTS see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Sub-Milankovitch (DO/Heinrich) Events T TALUS SLOPES see PERIGLACIAL TEETH AND BONES, STABLE ISOTOPE STUDIES see CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES: Terrestrial Teeth and Bones TEPHROCHRONOLOGY see QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY: Tephrochronology THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION OF THE OCEANS see GLACIAL CLIMATES: Thermohaline Circulation THERMOKARST TOPOGRAPHY see CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES: Thermokarst Topography THERMOLUMINESCENCE TILL, GLACIAL see GLACIAL Indicators TREE RINGS see DENDROCHRONOLOGY; DENDROCLIMATOLOGY; GLACIAL Dendrogeomorphology; Dendroglaciology; PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES: Dendroarchaeology TREELINE RECONSTRUCTION see POLLEN METHODS AND STUDIES: Archaeological Applications U U-SERIES DATING Contents xlv V VARVED VARVED VERTEBRATE VERTEBRATE RECORDS Early Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Mid-Pleistocene of Africa L Mid-Pleistocene of Europe Mid-Pleistocene of Southern Asia VERTEBRATE STUDIES Ancient Interactions with Hominids VOLCANIC ASH see QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY: Tephrochronology VULCANISM see GLACIAL CLIMATES: Volcanic and Solar Forcing; GLACIAL Subglacial W WIND-BLOWN SEDIMENTS (LOESS, SAND DUNES) see DUNE FIELDS: High Latitudes; Mid-Latitudes; Low Latitudes; EOLIAN RECORDS, DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; LOESS DEPOSITS, ORIGINS AND PROPERTIES; LOESS RECORDS: Central Asia; China; Europe; North America; South America Y YOUNGER DRYAS OSCILLATION see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Younger Dryas Oscillation, Global Evidence
adam_txt	CONTENTS VOLUME INTRODUCTION Introduction: Societal Relevance of Quaternary Research Introduction: History of Quaternary Science Introduction: History of Dating Methods Introduction: History of Recent Major Projects A ALKENONE STUDIES see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Aikenone Paleothermometry from Coccoliths ALLOSTRATIGRAPHY see QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY: Morphostratigraphy-Allostratigraphy AMINO-ACID DATING ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Global Expansion ago, Africa; Global Expansion Global Expansion ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS Overview 2.7 2.7 1.9 Global Expansion Global Expansion Global Expansion Global Expansion Neanderthal Demise Postglacial Adaptations В BEETLE RECORDS Overview Late Tertiary and Early Quaternary Middle Pleistocene of Europe Late Pleistocene of Australia Late Pleistocene of Europe M-J Late Pleistocene of Japan Late Pleistocene of South America Late Pleistocene of North America xxxiv Contents Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Postglacial Europe Postglacial North America BERINGIA see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Global Expansion RECORDS: Late Pleistocene of North America; DUNE FIELDS: High Latitudes; Events in Beringia; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, RECORDS: Late Pleistocene North Pacific; PLANT MACROFOSSIL RECORDS: Arctic North America; POLLEN RECORDS, LATE PLEISTOCENE: Northern North America; VERTEBRATE RECORDS: Late Pleistocene of North America; Late Pleistocene of Northern Asia BIOGENIC CARBONATE STUDIES see CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES: Biogenic Studies BOND CYCLES see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Sub-Milankovitch (DO/Heinrich) Events С CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES Overview Speleothems Thermokarst Topography Terrestrial Teeth and Bones Biogenic Terrestrial Organic Materials Non-Lacustrine Terrestrial Studies Lake Sediments CARBON-DIOXIDE, ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS see CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES: Overview; ICE CORE METHODS: CO2 Studies; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES: Carbon Cycle Proxies; PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES: CO2 Reconstruction from Fossil Leaves CAVE ART see VERTEBRATE STUDIES: Interactions with Hominids CHARCOAL STUDIES see PALEOBOTANY: Charred Particle Analysis CHIRONOMID OVERVIEW CHIRONOMID RECORDS Africa Late Pleistocene of Europe Postglacial Europe Postglacial Southern Hemisphere CLADOCERA STUDIES see PALEOLIMNOLOGY: Cladocera CLIMATE CHANGE see PALEOCLIMATE: Introduction; Time Scales of Climate Change; PALEOCLIMATE MODELING: Data-Model Comparisons; Quaternary Environments; The Last GCMs; Paleo-ENSO; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Approaches; Pliocene Environments; Paleodroughts and Society; Sub-Milankovitch (DO/Heinrich) Events; Paleotempestology; Younger Dryas Oscillation, Global Evidence; The Last Millennium; Historical Climatology; PALEOCLIMATE RELEVANCE TO GLOBAL WARMING CLIMATE MODELING, QUATERNARY see PALEOCLIMATE MODELING: Quaternary Environments COCCOLITHOPHORE STUDIES see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Alkenone Paleothermometry from Coccoliths; Coccoliths COLEÓPTERA Pleistocene of Europe; Late Pleistocene of Australia; Late Pleistocene of Europe; Late Pleistocene of Japan; Late Pleistocene of South America; Late Pleistocene of North America; Late Pleistocene of New Zealand; Late Pleistocene of Northern Asia; Postglacial Europe; Postglacial North America CORAL STUDIES see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Corals, Sclerosponges and Mollusks- SEA LEVEL STUDIES: Coral Records COSMOGENIC NUCLIDE DATING Overview Contents xxxv Methods Cosmic Ray Interactions in Minerals Exposure Geochronology Landscape Evolution CUT-MARKED BONE see VERTEBRATE STUDIES: Interactions with Hominids D DANSGAARD-OESCHGER EVENTS see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Paleodroughts and Society DATING TECHNIQUES A DENDROARCHAEOLOGY see PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES: Dendroarchaeology DENDROCHRONOLOGY DENDROCLIMATOLOGY DIATOM INTRODUCTION V Jones DIATOM METHODS á1 Data Interpretation A Korhola Quaternary Geological Records fl Salinity Reconstructions from Continental Lakes Use in Archaeology DIATOM RECORDS Antarctic Waters Freshwater Laminated Sequences Large Lakes A W Marine Laminated Sequences North Atlantic and Arctic Pacific DIATOMS, MARINE see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Marine Diatoms DINOFLAGELLATES see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Dinoflagellates DNA, DNA, DROUGHT HISTORY RECONSTRUCTION see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Paleodroughts and Society DUNE FIELDS High Latitudes Mid-Latitudes Low Latitudes E EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, RECORDS: Postglacial South Pacific; PALEOCLIMATE MODELING: Paleo-ENSO ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE DATING see LUMINESCENCE DATING: Electron Spin Resonance Dating EOLIAN SEDIMENTS see PALEOSOLS AND WIND-BLOWN SEDIMENTS: Overview; Nature of Paleosols; Mineral Magnetic Analysis; Soil Micromorphology; Weathering Profiles; Soil Morphology in Quaternary Studies EOLIAN RECORDS, DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS EQUILIBRIUM LINE ALTITUDE ERRATICS, GLACIAL see GLACIAL EXTINCTIONS, QUATERNARY VERTEBRATES see VERTEBRATE RECORDS: Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions xxxvi Contents F FELSENMEER (BLOCKFIELDS) FISSION-TRACK DATING FLUVIAL ENVIRONMENTS Sediments A Asian Responses to Rapid Environmental Change Terrace Sequences Deltaic Environments FORAMINIFERA STUDIES see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Benthic Foraminifera; Planktic Foraminifera; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES: Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy of the Oceans; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Temperature Proxies, Census Counts FOSSIL MITES see ORIBATID MITES G GEOMAGNETIC EXCURSIONS AND SECULAR VARIATIONS GLACIAL CLIMATES Biosphere Feedbacks V Brovkin Effects of Atmospheric Dust Thermohaline Circulation Volcanic and Solar Forcing GLACIAL Introduction Moraine Forms and Genesis Quaternary Vulcanism, Evidence Glacial Land Systems Glacifluvial Glacitectonic Structures and GLACIAL Major Scale Forms VOLUME G GLACIAL Micro to Macro Scale Forms GLACIAL Growth and Decay Evidence of Glacier and Ice Sheet Extent Paleo ELAs A Trimlines and Palaeonunataks GLACIAL Clast Form Analysis Glacifluvial Glacigenic Glacimarine Sediments and Ice-Rafted Debris IVIicromorphology of Glacial Sediments Till Fabric Analysis Contents xxxvii Tills Glacial Erratics and Till Dispersal Indicators GLACIAL Dendrogeomorphology Dendroglaciology Dan Smith and Dave Lewis GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL SCALE FLUVIAL RESPONSES GLACIATION, CAUSES Tectonic Uplift-Continental Milankovitch Theory and Paleoclimate GLACIATIONS Overview Early Quaternary Mid-Quaternary in Eurasia Mid-Quaternary in North America C Mid-Quaternary in the Southern Hemisphere Late Pleistocene Events in Beringia Late Pleistocene Late Quaternary of Antarctica Late Late Quaternary in North America Late Quaternary in South America Late Quaternary in Highland Asia Late Glacial Events in Northwest Europe Neoglaciation in Europe Neoglaciation in the American Cordilleras GLOBAL WARMING see PALEOCLIMATE RELEVANCE TO GLOBAL WARMING H HEINRICH HISTORICAL CLIMATE RECORDS see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Historical Climatology; The Last Millennium HOLOCENE ENVIRONMENTS see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Postglacial Adaptations; BEETLE RECORDS: Postglacial Europe; Postglacial North America; CHIRONOMID RECORDS: Postglacial Europe; Postglacial Southern Hemisphere; DENDROCLIMATOLOGY; DIATOM METHODS: Use in Archaeology; Europe; Neoglaciation in the American Cordilleras; ICE CORES: Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet; Dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Dynamics of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, RECORDS: Postglacial Indian Ocean; Postglacial North Atlantic; Postglacial North Pacific; Postglacial South Pacific; PALEOCLIMATE: Time Scales of Climate Change; Peatland Records of Holocene Climate Change; PALEOCLIMATE MODELING: Paleo-ENSO; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Historical Climatology; The Last Millennium; PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES: Treeline Studies; Dendroarchaeology; PLANT MACROFOSSIL RECORDS: Holocene North America; POLLEN RECORDS, POSTGLACIAL: Africa; Australia and New Zealand; Northeastern North America; Northern Asia; Northern Europe; Northwestern North America; South America; Southeastern North America; Southern Europe; Southwestern North America HUMAN EVOLUTION see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Overview; 2.7 I ICE CORE METHODS Overview Biological Material xxxviii Contents Borehole Temperature Records Chronologies CO2 Studies Conductivity Studies Glaciochemistry Methane Studies Microparticle and Trace Element Studies Stable isotopes ICE CORE RECORDS Africa Chinese, Tibetan Mountains South America Antarctic Stable Isotopes Greenland Stable Isotopes Correlations Between Greenland and Antarctica Ice Margin Sites Thermal Diffusion ICE CORES History of Research, Greenland and Antarctica Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet Dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Dynamics of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet ICE SHEETS, and Ice Sheet Extent; Trimlines and Palaeonunataks; Mid-Quaternary in North America; Mid-Quaternary in the Southern Hemisphere; Late Pleistocene Events in Beringia; Late Pleistocene of the SW Pacific Region; Late Quaternary of Antarctica; Late Quaternary in Lowland Asia; Late Quaternary in North America; Late Quaternary in South America; Late Glacial Events in Northwest Europe; ICE CORES: Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet; Dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Dynamics of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet ICE WEDGES, ICE WEDGE CASTS see PERIGLACIAL К K/Ar L LAKE CHEMISTRY RECONSTRUCTION see PALEOLIMNOLOGY: Lake Chemistry LAKE LEVEL STUDIES 1319 1336 1343 1359 1366 North America Latin America West-Central-Europe LICHENOMETRY LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY see QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY: Lithostratigraphy LOESS DEPOSITS, ORIGINS AND PROPERTIES LOESS RECORDS Central Asia China Overview R T Africa M E Asia G Australia J Modeling J Contents xxxix Europe North South America LUMINESCENCE Thermoluminescence Optically-Stimulated Electron M MAGNETIC POLARITY STUDIES see GEOMAGNETIC EXCURSIONS AND SECULAR VARIATIONS MAMMALIAN EVOLUTION see VERTEBRATE OVERVIEW; VERTEBRATE RECORDS: Early Pleistocene; Mid-Pleistocene of Africa; Mid-Pleistocene of Southern Asia; VERTEBRATE STUDIES: Ancient MARINE ISOTOPE STAGES see INTRODUCTION: History of Recent Major Projects; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES: Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy of the Oceans MEGAFAUNA, VERTEBRATE OVERVIEW; VERTEBRATE RECORDS: Early Pleistocene; Late Pleistocene of Africa; Late Pleistocene of North America; Late Pleistocene of Northern Asia; Late Pleistocene of South America; Late Pleistocene of Southeast Asia; Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions; Mid-Pleistocene of Africa; Mid-Pleistocene of Europe; Mid-Pleistocene of Southern Asia; Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions; VERTEBRATE STUDIES: Interactions with Hominids MEGAFAUNAL EXTINCTION see VERTEBRATE RECORDS: Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions; VERTEBRATE STUDIES: Interactions with Hominids METHANE STUDIES, ICE CORES see ICE CORE METHODS: Methane Studies Mg Paleothermometry MICROMORPHOLOGY OF SEDIMENTS see GLACIAL Sediments; PALEOSOLS AND WIND-BLOWN SEDIMENTS: Soil Micromorphology MIDGES seeCHIRONOMID OVERVIEW; CHIRONOMID RECORDS: Africa; Late Pleistocene of Europe; Postglacial Europe; Postglacial Southern Hemisphere MID-PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATE RECORDS Australia North America MILANKOVITCH THEORY see MOLLUSKS, MARINE see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Corals, Sclerosponges and Mollusks MORAINES, GLACIAL see GLACIAL Glacial Land Systems; Glacitectonic Structures and Erratics and Till Dispersal Indicators MORPHOSTRATIGRAPHY see QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY: Morphostratigraphy-Allostratigraphy N NEANDERTHAL DEMISE see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Neanderthal Demise NEOGLACIATION see О OPTICALLY-STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE DATING see LUMINESCENCE DATING: Optically-Stimulated Luminescence ORIBATID MITES OSTRACODES, MARINE see PALEOLIMNOLOGY: Marine Ostracods OXYGEN ISOTOPE STAGES see INTRODUCTION: History of Recent Major Projects; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES: Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy of the Oceans xl Contents Ρ PACKRAT PALEOANTHROPOLOGY see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Overview; 2.7 ago, Africa; Global Expansion Global Expansion PALEOBOTANY Overview Ancient Plant Charred Particle Analysis Paleophytogeography PALEOCEANOGRAPHY PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES Alkenone Paleothermometry from Coccoliths Benthic Foraminifera Biomarkers Coccoliths Corals, Dinoflagellates A de Marine Planktic Foraminifera HJDowsett Radiolarians and Silicoflagellates D Temperature Proxies, Census Counts PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES Carbon Cycle Proxies Dissolution of Deep-Sea Carbonates VOLUME PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES Mg Nutrient Proxies Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy of the Oceans Oxygen Radioisotope Proxies Salinity Proxies Terrigenous Sediments PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, RECORDS Early Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene North Pacific Late Pleistocene South Atlantic Postglacial Indian Ocean Postglacial North Atlantic Postglacial North Pacific A Koutavas Postglacial South Pacific Frank PALEOCLIMATE Introduction Time Scales of Climate Change Contents xli Peatland PALEOCLIMATE Data-Model Comparisons Quaternary Environments The Last Last Glacial Maximum GCMs A J Broccoli Paleo-ENSO PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION Approaches BShuman 1943 Pliocene Environments RZPoore Paleodroughts and Society Sub-Milankovitch (DO/Heinrich) Events Paleotempestology Younger Dryas Oscillation, Global Evidence The Last Millennium Historical Climatology PALEOCLIMATE RELEVANCE TO GLOBAL WARMING PALEOLIMNOLOGY Overview Cladocera Lake Chemistry Marine Ostracods Pigment Studies PALEOLITHIC see ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS: Overview; 2.7 ago, Africa; Global Expansion Global Expansion PALEOSOLS AND WIND-BLOWN SEDIMENTS Overview Daniel Nature of Paleosols Mineral Magnetic Analysis Soil Micromorphology Weathering Profiles Soil Morphology in Quaternary Studies PATTERNED GROUND see PERIGLACIAL PEAT STUDIES see PALEOCLIMATE: Peatland Records of Holocene Climate Change; PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES: Mire and Peat Macros PEDOSTRATIGRAPHY see QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY: Pedostratigraphy PERIGLACIAL Active Layer Processes Cryoturbation Structures Ice Wedges and Ice Wedge Casts Paraglacial Geomorphology Patterned Ground Permafrost Pingos Slope Deposits and Forms PERIGLACIAL Block/Rock Streams Blockfields Rock Glaciers xlii Contents Talus Slopes Rock PERMAFROST HISTORY see PERIGLACIAL Patterned Ground; Permafrost PHYTOLITHS PIGMENTS, FOSSIL see PALEOLIMNOLOGY: Pigment Studies PINGOS PLANT MACROFOSSIL INTRODUCTION PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES CO2 Reconstruction from Fossil Leaves Megafossils Dendroarchaeology Mire and Peat Macros Paleolimnological Applications M-J Rodent Middens Surface Samples, Taphonomy, Representation Treeline Studies Use in Environmental Archaeology Validation of Pollen Studies PLANT MACROFOSSIL RECORDS Arctic Eurasia Arctic North America Greenland Holocene North America Late Glacial Multidisciplinary Studies PLATE Tectonic Uplift-Continental PLIOCENE ENVIRONMENTS see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Pliocene Environments POLLEN ANALYSIS, PRINCIPLES POLLEN METHODS AND STUDIES Use of Pollen as Climate Proxies Reconstructing Past Biodiversity Development Numerical Analysis Methods Databases and their Application J C Surface Samples and Trapping Stand-Scale Palynology Changing Plant Distributions BIOME Model of Vegetation Reconstruction POLLSCAPE Archaeological Applications M-J VOLUME P POLLEN RECORDS, LAST POLLEN RECORDS, LATE PLEISTOCENE Africa Australia and New Zealand Contents xliii Northern Northern South America H Hooghiemstra Southern Europe J-L de Beaulieu, Western POLLEN RECORDS, POSTGLACIAL Africa Australia and New Zealand Northeastern North Northern Northern Northwestern South America H Behling Southeastern North Southern Southwestern North America POTASSIUM-ARGON DATING see Q QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY Overview Biostratigraphy Chronostratigraphy Climatostratigraphy Lithostratigraphy HJT Weerts and Morphostratigraphy-Allostratigraphy Pedostratigraphy A S Sequence Stratigraphy Tephrochronology S VAIloway, G Larsen, R RADILARIAN RADIOCARBON DATING Conventional Method AMS Sources of Error Variations in Atmospheric 14C Causes of Temporal Variations Calibration Charcoal Plant Macrofossils ROCK GLACIERS see PERIGLACIAL RODENT MIDDENS see PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES: Rodent Middens S SEA LEVEL STUDIES Overview Geomorphological Indicators PAPirazzoli High Energy Coasts Sedimentary Indicators JAGCooper xliv Contents Low Coral Records Microfossil Eustatic Sea-Level Changes, Glacial-lnterglacial Cycles Eustatic Sea-Level Changes Since the Last Isostasy SEA-LEVELS, LATE QUATERNARY High Latitudes Mid-Latitudes Tectonic Locations A R Nelson Tropics SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Alkenone Paleothermometry from Coccoliths; Marine Diatoms; Planktic Foraminifera; Temperature Proxies, Census Counts; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES: Carbon Cycle Proxies; Stratigraphy of the Oceans; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, RECORDS: Late Pleistocene North Atlantic; Late Pleistocene North Pacific; Late Pleistocene South Atlantic; Postglacial Indian Ocean; Postglacial North Atlantic; Postglacial North Pacific; Postglacial South Pacific SILICOFLAGELLATES see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL PROXIES: Radiolarians and Silicoflagellates SPELEOTHEMS see CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES: Speleothems STABLE ISOTOPE STUDIES, CARBONATES see CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES: Overview; Speleothems; Thermokarst Topography; Terrestrial Teeth and Bones; Biogenic Studies; Terrestrial Organic Materials; Non- Lacustrine Terrestrial Studies; Lake Sediments STABLE ISOTOPE STUDIES, DEEP SEA RECORDS see PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES: Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy of the Oceans; Oxygen 18O; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, RECORDS: Early Pleistocene; Late Pleistocene North Atlantic; Late Pleistocene South Atlantic; Postglacial Indian Ocean; Postglacial North Atlantic; Postglacial North Pacific; Postglacial South Pacific; ICE CORE METHODS: Stable isotopes; ICE CORE RECORDS: Greenland Stable Isotopes; Correlations Between Greenland and Antarctica STABLE ISOTOPE STUDIES, ICE CORES see ICE CORE METHODS: Stable isotopes; ICE CORE RECORDS: Greenland Stable Isotopes; Correlations Between Greenland and Antarctica SUB-MILANKOVITCH EVENTS see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Sub-Milankovitch (DO/Heinrich) Events T TALUS SLOPES see PERIGLACIAL TEETH AND BONES, STABLE ISOTOPE STUDIES see CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES: Terrestrial Teeth and Bones TEPHROCHRONOLOGY see QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY: Tephrochronology THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION OF THE OCEANS see GLACIAL CLIMATES: Thermohaline Circulation THERMOKARST TOPOGRAPHY see CARBONATE STABLE ISOTOPES: Thermokarst Topography THERMOLUMINESCENCE TILL, GLACIAL see GLACIAL Indicators TREE RINGS see DENDROCHRONOLOGY; DENDROCLIMATOLOGY; GLACIAL Dendrogeomorphology; Dendroglaciology; PLANT MACROFOSSIL METHODS AND STUDIES: Dendroarchaeology TREELINE RECONSTRUCTION see POLLEN METHODS AND STUDIES: Archaeological Applications U U-SERIES DATING Contents xlv V VARVED VARVED VERTEBRATE VERTEBRATE RECORDS Early Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Mid-Pleistocene of Africa L Mid-Pleistocene of Europe Mid-Pleistocene of Southern Asia VERTEBRATE STUDIES Ancient Interactions with Hominids VOLCANIC ASH see QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY: Tephrochronology VULCANISM see GLACIAL CLIMATES: Volcanic and Solar Forcing; GLACIAL Subglacial W WIND-BLOWN SEDIMENTS (LOESS, SAND DUNES) see DUNE FIELDS: High Latitudes; Mid-Latitudes; Low Latitudes; EOLIAN RECORDS, DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; LOESS DEPOSITS, ORIGINS AND PROPERTIES; LOESS RECORDS: Central Asia; China; Europe; North America; South America Y YOUNGER DRYAS OSCILLATION see PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION: Younger Dryas Oscillation, Global Evidence
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spelling	Encyclopedia of Quaternary science 1 ed.-in-chief Scott A. Elias 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2007 XLV, 852 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd rswk-swf Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4014986-9 Enzyklopädie gnd-content Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 s Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 s DE-604 Elias, Scott A. Sonstige (DE-588)1058046349 oth (DE-604)BV021772859 1 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014985769&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Encyclopedia of Quaternary science Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4020227-6 (DE-588)4048009-4 (DE-588)4014986-9
title	Encyclopedia of Quaternary science
title_auth	Encyclopedia of Quaternary science
title_exact_search	Encyclopedia of Quaternary science
title_exact_search_txtP	Encyclopedia of Quaternary science
title_full	Encyclopedia of Quaternary science 1 ed.-in-chief Scott A. Elias
title_fullStr	Encyclopedia of Quaternary science 1 ed.-in-chief Scott A. Elias
title_full_unstemmed	Encyclopedia of Quaternary science 1 ed.-in-chief Scott A. Elias
title_short	Encyclopedia of Quaternary science
title_sort	encyclopedia of quaternary science
topic	Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd Quartär (DE-588)4048009-4 gnd
topic_facet	Geologie Quartär Enzyklopädie
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014985769&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV021772859
work_keys_str_mv	AT eliasscotta encyclopediaofquaternaryscience1

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