Virtual anthropology: a guide to a new interdiscipilnary field
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Wien [u. a.]
Springer
2011
|
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 383 - 413 |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 423 S. Ill, graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783211486474 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Virtual anthropology |b a guide to a new interdiscipilnary field |c Gerhard W. Weber ; Fred L. Bookstein |
| 264 | 1 | |a Wien [u. a.] |b Springer |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 423 S. |b Ill, graph. Darst. | ||
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| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 383 - 413 | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Bookstein, Fred L. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135640772640768 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Virtual anthropology
Autor: Weber, Gerhard W
Jahr: 2011
CONTENTS
Extra Online Material................................................. xv
1 Virtual Anthropology: A new
interdisciplinary field of science 1
1.1 What is Virtual Anthropology ?......................... 2
1.1.1 Taung 1, the first australopithecine.......... 5
1.1.2 Digitise......................................................... 6
1.1.3 Expose.......................................................... 6
1.1.4 Compare...................................................... 7
1.1.5 Reconstruct.................................................. 8
1.1.6 Matérialise................................................... 10
1.1.7 Share............................................................ 10
1.2 Virtual Anthropology is a multidisciplinary
approach.................................................................. 11
1.2.1 Médical imaging......................................... 11
1.2.2 Computer science....................................... 17
1.2.3 Statistical science........................................ 20
1.2.4 Rapid prototyping (RP).............................. 21
1.2.5 Physical anthropology................................ 22
1.3 Working with virtual objects.................................. 29
1.3.1 Virtual environments.................................. 29
1.3.2 About real and virtual objects................... 32
1.4 The Virtual Anthropology lab................................ 34
2 Mapping the physical world: Digitise 37
2.1 Ways of recording................................................... 38
2.2 The nature of measurements in biology............... 39
2.2.1 Anthropometry - some classic
approaches.................................................. 42
2.2.2 The tu m to images as data........................ 43
2.2.3 From projected geometry back
to 3D geometry.......................................... 47
2.3 Volume scanning..................................................... 48
2.3.1 Computed tomography (CT).................... 49
2.3.2 Micro-CT (uCT, Industhal CT)................... 56
2.3.3 Magnetic résonance imaging (MRI)......... 59
2.3.4 Data volumes and voxels........................... 67
2.3.5 Grey values and thresholds....................... 71
2.3.6 Data files and formats................................ 77
2.3.7 Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction ... 81
2.3.8 Effects and artefacts................................... 87
2.3.9 Some considérations for CT scans
of bones and fossils.................................... 93
2.4 Surface scanning..................................................... 95
2.4.1 Contact scanners........................................ 97
2.4.2 Contact-free scanner.................................. 99
2.4.3 Data files and formats................................ 102
2.5 Othersliced data.................................................... 104
2.6 Finite élément analysis (FEA)................................. 105
3 Looking inside: Expose.....................................109
3.1 Externalise the interior............................................ 110
3.2 The Tyrolean Iceman.............................................. 113
3.3 Methodological considérations............................. 118
3.3.1 Data............................................................. 118
3.3.2 Segmentation.............................................. 118
3.3.3 Morphological filtering.............................. 127
3.4 Expose applied to studies in human
évolution and medicine.......................................... 129
3.4.1 Virtual endocasts........................................ 129
3.4.2 Electronic préparation (e-preparation)..... 151
3.4.3 How good are measurements
on virtual spécimens?................................ 158
3.4.4 From the sensé of balance
to mummies and murderers...................... 164
4 Using numbers: Compare 169
4.1 Introduction and reader s guide............................ 170
4.1.1 Overview..................................................... 170
4.1.2 Historical notes and recommended
readings....................................................... 172
4.2 A necessary philosophical prologue:
What sort of quantitative science is VA?............. 174
XXI
Contents
4.3 The underlying quantitative methodology.......... 177
4.3.1 Labelled locations as data.......................... 178
4.3.2 One single pattern analysis....................... 182
4.4 The basic tools of géométrie morphometrics
for VA....................................................................... 190
4.4.1 The distances of géométrie
morphometrics............................................ 190
4.4.2 Procrustes shape coordinates
and their subspaces.................................... 193
4.4.3 The thin-plate spline in 2D and 3D.......... 200
4.5 An extended practical application......................... 205
4.5.1 Trimming the sample................................. 207
4.5.2 A sample of 22 configurations of 20
landmarks, and its pattern analysis.......... 213
4.5.3 Semilandmarks: représentation and
information content of curving form....... 224
5 Missing data: Reconstruct...............................231
5.1 Taphonomy and the need for reconstruction...... 232
5.2 Considérations about reconstruction.................... 235
5.2.1 Disturbances of the form of an object..... 235
5.2.2 The value of reconstructions..................... 239
5.2.3 Towards solutions for reconstruction
problems...................................................... 242
5.3 Physical reconstruction in anthropology.............. 254
5.4 Virtual reconstruction............................................. 266
5.4.1 Reconstructions mainly based
on anatomical reconstruction.................... 268
5.4.2 Reference-based reconstruction............... 277
5.4.3 Some final remarks on virtual
reconstruction............................................. 290
6 Back to the real world: Matérialise 295
6.1 Data sources for morphological studies............... 296
6.1.1 Originals and conventional casts.............. 297
6.1.2 Rapid prototyping models......................... 301
6.2 Rapid prototyping processes................................. 304
6.2.1 Stereolithography (STL, SL)....................... 307
6.2.2 Fused déposition modelling (FDM).......... 312
6.2.3 Sélective laser sintering (SLS).................... 313
6.2.4 3D Printing.................................................. 314
6.3 RP Applications....................................................... 315
7 Collaborate at the speed of light: Share 327
7.1 Networked research............................................... 328
7.2 Accessibility of spécimens...................................... 329
7.3 Information and data............................................. 337
7.4 Data catégories of potential importance
for VA archives........................................................ 340
7.5 Data archives........................................................... 343
7.5.1 Access.......................................................... 343
7.5.2 Incentive to publish.................................... 344
7.5.3 Structure...................................................... 345
7.5.4 Curation and its costs................................ 346
7.6 Glasnost for palaeoanthropology.......................... 347
8 Views into the future 355
8.1 What can Virtual Anthropology change?............ 356
8.1.1 Our view on the situation of
anthropology at présent (early 2010)...... 356
8.1.2 A perspective on collaboration................. 357
8.2 Cross-disciplinary research calls for networks...... 358
8.2.1 EVAN, the European Virtual
Anthropology Network.............................. 359
Picture Crédits..............................................................365
Glossary..........................................................................371
Références.....................................................................383
Index................................................................................415
|
| adam_txt |
Titel: Virtual anthropology
Autor: Weber, Gerhard W
Jahr: 2011
CONTENTS
Extra Online Material. xv
1 Virtual Anthropology: A new
interdisciplinary field of science 1
1.1 What is "Virtual Anthropology"?. 2
1.1.1 Taung 1, the first australopithecine. 5
1.1.2 Digitise. 6
1.1.3 Expose. 6
1.1.4 Compare. 7
1.1.5 Reconstruct. 8
1.1.6 Matérialise. 10
1.1.7 Share. 10
1.2 Virtual Anthropology is a multidisciplinary
approach. 11
1.2.1 Médical imaging. 11
1.2.2 Computer science. 17
1.2.3 Statistical science. 20
1.2.4 Rapid prototyping (RP). 21
1.2.5 Physical anthropology. 22
1.3 Working with virtual objects. 29
1.3.1 Virtual environments. 29
1.3.2 About real and virtual objects. 32
1.4 The Virtual Anthropology lab. 34
2 Mapping the physical world: Digitise 37
2.1 Ways of recording. 38
2.2 The nature of measurements in biology. 39
2.2.1 Anthropometry - some classic
approaches. 42
2.2.2 The tu m to images as data. 43
2.2.3 From projected geometry back
to 3D geometry. 47
2.3 Volume scanning. 48
2.3.1 Computed tomography (CT). 49
2.3.2 Micro-CT (uCT, Industhal CT). 56
2.3.3 Magnetic résonance imaging (MRI). 59
2.3.4 Data volumes and voxels. 67
2.3.5 Grey values and thresholds. 71
2.3.6 Data files and formats. 77
2.3.7 Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction . 81
2.3.8 Effects and artefacts. 87
2.3.9 Some considérations for CT scans
of bones and fossils. 93
2.4 Surface scanning. 95
2.4.1 Contact scanners. 97
2.4.2 Contact-free scanner. 99
2.4.3 Data files and formats. 102
2.5 Othersliced data. 104
2.6 Finite élément analysis (FEA). 105
3 Looking inside: Expose.109
3.1 Externalise the interior. 110
3.2 The Tyrolean Iceman. 113
3.3 Methodological considérations. 118
3.3.1 Data. 118
3.3.2 Segmentation. 118
3.3.3 Morphological filtering. 127
3.4 "Expose" applied to studies in human
évolution and medicine. 129
3.4.1 Virtual endocasts. 129
3.4.2 Electronic préparation (e-preparation). 151
3.4.3 How good are measurements
on virtual spécimens?. 158
3.4.4 From the sensé of balance
to mummies and murderers. 164
4 Using numbers: Compare 169
4.1 Introduction and reader's guide. 170
4.1.1 Overview. 170
4.1.2 Historical notes and recommended
readings. 172
4.2 A necessary philosophical prologue:
What sort of quantitative science is VA?. 174
XXI
Contents
4.3 The underlying quantitative methodology. 177
4.3.1 Labelled locations as data. 178
4.3.2 One single pattern analysis. 182
4.4 The basic tools of géométrie morphometrics
for VA. 190
4.4.1 The distances of géométrie
morphometrics. 190
4.4.2 Procrustes shape coordinates
and their subspaces. 193
4.4.3 The thin-plate spline in 2D and 3D. 200
4.5 An extended practical application. 205
4.5.1 Trimming the sample. 207
4.5.2 A sample of 22 configurations of 20
landmarks, and its pattern analysis. 213
4.5.3 Semilandmarks: représentation and
information content of curving form. 224
5 Missing data: Reconstruct.231
5.1 Taphonomy and the need for reconstruction. 232
5.2 Considérations about reconstruction. 235
5.2.1 Disturbances of the form of an object. 235
5.2.2 The value of reconstructions. 239
5.2.3 Towards solutions for reconstruction
problems. 242
5.3 Physical reconstruction in anthropology. 254
5.4 Virtual reconstruction. 266
5.4.1 Reconstructions mainly based
on anatomical reconstruction. 268
5.4.2 Reference-based reconstruction. 277
5.4.3 Some final remarks on virtual
reconstruction. 290
6 Back to the real world: Matérialise 295
6.1 Data sources for morphological studies. 296
6.1.1 Originals and conventional casts. 297
6.1.2 Rapid prototyping models. 301
6.2 Rapid prototyping processes. 304
6.2.1 Stereolithography (STL, SL). 307
6.2.2 Fused déposition modelling (FDM). 312
6.2.3 Sélective laser sintering (SLS). 313
6.2.4 3D Printing. 314
6.3 RP Applications. 315
7 Collaborate at the speed of light: Share 327
7.1 Networked research. 328
7.2 Accessibility of spécimens. 329
7.3 Information and data. 337
7.4 Data catégories of potential importance
for VA archives. 340
7.5 Data archives. 343
7.5.1 Access. 343
7.5.2 Incentive to publish. 344
7.5.3 Structure. 345
7.5.4 Curation and its costs. 346
7.6 Glasnost for palaeoanthropology. 347
8 Views into the future 355
8.1 What can Virtual Anthropology change?. 356
8.1.1 Our view on the situation of
anthropology at présent (early 2010). 356
8.1.2 A perspective on collaboration. 357
8.2 Cross-disciplinary research calls for networks. 358
8.2.1 EVAN, the European Virtual
Anthropology Network. 359
Picture Crédits.365
Glossary.371
Références.383
Index.415 |
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| spelling | Weber, Gerhard W. Verfasser aut Virtual anthropology a guide to a new interdiscipilnary field Gerhard W. Weber ; Fred L. Bookstein Wien [u. a.] Springer 2011 XXII, 423 S. Ill, graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 383 - 413 Bookstein, Fred L. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014985246&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Weber, Gerhard W. Bookstein, Fred L. Virtual anthropology a guide to a new interdiscipilnary field |
| title | Virtual anthropology a guide to a new interdiscipilnary field |
| title_auth | Virtual anthropology a guide to a new interdiscipilnary field |
| title_exact_search | Virtual anthropology a guide to a new interdiscipilnary field |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Virtual anthropology a guide to a new interdiscipilnary field |
| title_full | Virtual anthropology a guide to a new interdiscipilnary field Gerhard W. Weber ; Fred L. Bookstein |
| title_fullStr | Virtual anthropology a guide to a new interdiscipilnary field Gerhard W. Weber ; Fred L. Bookstein |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virtual anthropology a guide to a new interdiscipilnary field Gerhard W. Weber ; Fred L. Bookstein |
| title_short | Virtual anthropology |
| title_sort | virtual anthropology a guide to a new interdiscipilnary field |
| title_sub | a guide to a new interdiscipilnary field |
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