An introduction to the invertebrates:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 319 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9780521674065 0521674069 9780521857369 0521857368 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a An introduction to the invertebrates |c Janet Moore |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 319 S. |b Ill. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Invertébrés | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Invertébrés - Évolution | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Invertebrates | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Invertebrates |x Evolution | |
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| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
LIST OF BOXES PAGE XI
PREFACE XIUE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XV
ILLUSTRATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XVII
CHAPTER I I THE PROCESS OF EVOLUTION: NATURAL SELECTION 1
1.1 WHAT WAS DARWIN S THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION? 1
1.2 WHAT WAS MENDEL S THEORY OF HEREDITY? 2
1.3 WHAT IS THE CELLULAR BASIS OF HEREDITY? 3
1.4 WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF GENETIC VARIATION? 5
1.5 WHAT IS THE NATURE OF GENES? 6
1.6 WHAT IS THE ROLE OF CHANCE IN EVOLUTION? 6
1.7 AT WHAT LEVEL DOES NATURAL SELECTION ACT? 7
1.8 WHAT IN GENERAL DOES EVOLUTION PRODUCE? 7
CHAPTER 2 I THE PATTERN OF EVOLUTION: METHODS OF INVESTIGATION N
2.1 HOW SHOULD WE CLASSIFY ANIMALS? 11
2.2 HOW CAN WE USE MORPHOLOGY TO TRACE PHYLOGENY? 12
2.3 HOW CAN WE USE FOSSILS TO INVESTIGATE PHYLOGENY? 14
2.4 CAN THE FOSSIL RECORD DATE T HE EARLIEST APPEARANCE OF ANIMALS? 16
2.5 HOW CAN WE USE MOLECULES TO TRACE PHYLOGENY? 18
2.6 WHICH MOLECULES ARE USED? 19
2.7 HOW IS MOLECULAR INFORMATION OBTAINED? 20
2.8 HOW IS MOLECULAR INFORMATION PROCESSED? 20
2.9 HOW RELIABLE IS MOLECULAR TAXONOMY? 21
2.10 WHAT IS THE PRESENT STATE OF PHYLOGENETIC ENQUIRY? 22
CHAPTER 3 I PORIFERA 23
3.1 WHAT ARE THE DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SPONGES? 23
3.2 WHAT DIFFERENT KINDS OF SPONGE ARE KNOWN? 25
3.3 HOW DO SPONGES M A KE A LIVING? 26
3.4 WHAT CHANGES HAVE EVOLVED D U R I NG SPONGE HISTORY? 28
3.5 HOW ARE SPONGES RELATED TO OTHER PHYLA? 30
3.6 HOW HAVE SPONGES BECOME SO SUCCESSFUL? 31
CHAPTER 4 CNIDARIA 32
4.1 WHY DO WE REGARD CNIDARIA AS SIMPLE? 32
4.2 WHAT KINDS OF CNIDARIA ARE KNOWN? 34
4.3 HOW DO CNIDARIA MAKE A LIVING? 35
4.4 HOW HAS SO M U CH DIVERSITY BEEN POSSIBLE? 40
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
4.5 W H AT IS THE ECOLOGICAL I M P O R T A N CE OF CORAL REEFS? 43
4.6 HOW ARE CNIDARIA RELATED TO EACH OTHER AND TO
OTHER PHYLA? 45
C H A P T ER 5 I ON BEING A W O RM 47
5.1 W HY ARE T H E RE SO M A NY DIFFERENT KINDS OF W O R M? 47
5.2 HOW CAN MUSCLES MOVE A WORM? 48
5.3 W H AT W O RM PHYLA ARE K N O W N? 54
5.4 DO CTENOPHORA BELONG A M O NG THE WORMS? 63
C H A P T ER 6 I PLATYHELMINTHES AND ACOELOMORPHA 65
6.1 W H AT IS THE BODY PLAN OF T HE PLATYHELMINTHS? 65
6.2 W H AT GROUPS OF W O R MS CONSTITUTE THE
PLATYHELMINTHES? 66
6.3 W H AT ARE THE ACOELOMORPHA? 67
6.4 W H AT IS SPECIALISED A B O UT M O D E RN PLATYHELMINTHS? 69
6.5 HOW ARE PLATYHELMINTHS RELATED TO EACH OTHER? 73
6.6 HOW ARE P L A T Y H E L M I N T HS RELATED TO OTHER PHYLA? 73
C H A P T ER 7 N E M E R T EA 75
7.1 W H AT ARE THE PRINCIPAL GROUPS OF N E M E R T I N E S? 77
7.2 HOW DO N E M E R T I N ES RESEMBLE PLATYHELMINTHS? 78
7.3 HOW DO N E M E R T I N ES DIFFER FROM PLATYHELMINTHS? 78
7.4 W H AT DIVERSITY EXISTS A M O NG N E M E R T I N E S? 84
7.5 HOW DO N E M E R T I N ES DEVELOP? 85
7.6 HOW ARE N E M E R T I N ES RELATED TO OTHER PHYLA? 86
C H A P T ER 8 NEMATODA 90
8.1 W H AT ARE THE DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS OF NEMATODES? 91
8.2 HOW ARE THESE CHARACTERS RELATED TO T HE CUTICLE
AND FLUID PRESSURE? 91
8.3 HOW IS T HE P H Y L UM SUBDIVIDED? 95
8.4 WHY ARE N E M A T O D ES USEFUL FOR DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES? 95
8.5 WHY HAS CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS BEEN STUDIED SO THOROUGHLY? 96
8.6 HOW ARE N E M A T O D ES RELATED TO OTHER ANIMALS? 99
8.7 CONCLUSION 100
CHAPTER 9 I ANNELIDA 101
9.1 W H AT IS AN ANNELID? 102
9.2 W H AT ANNELIDS ARE THERE? 104
9.3 W H AT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF THE COELOM AND
OF M E T A M E R I S M? 105
9.4 HOW DOES A COELOM I N T R O D U CE COMPLEXITY? 108
9.5 HOW DO ANNELIDS REPRODUCE AND FEED? 115
VI
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS
9.6 HOW ARE ANNELIDS RELATED TO EACH OTHER? 117
9.7 HOW ARE ANNELIDS RELATED TO OTHER PHYLA? 118
CHAPTER 10 1 MOLLUSCA: GENERAL AND GASTROPODA 120
10.1 WHAT IS THE BASIC MOLLUSCAN BODY PLAN? 120
10.2 HOW CAN SUCH AN ANIMAL FUNCTION? 121
10.3 WHAT IS T HE SHELL AND HOW MAY IT BE USED? 123
10.4 WHAT ARE T HE M A IN GROUPS OF MOLLUSCS? 125
10.5 WHAT ARE T HE ACULIFERA? 125
10.6 WHAT IS U N U S U AL ABOUT THE MONOPLACOPHORA? 126
GASTROPODA 127
10.7 HOW IS THE MOLLUSCAN BODY PLAN MODIFIED IN GASTROPODS? 127 10.8 HOW
MAY GASTROPODS FEED? 130
10.9 WHY ARE M A NY GASTROPODS HERMAPHRODITES? 132
10.10 CONCLUSION 133
CHAPTER II MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA AND CEPHALOPODA 135
BIVAMA 135
11.1 HOW IS T HE MOLLUSCAN BODY PLAN MODIFIED IN BIVALVES? 135
11.2 WHAT IS THE RAENGE OF BIVALVES? 135
11.3 HOW DO BIVALVES FEED? 137
11.4 WHAT KINDS OF MUSCLE ARE THERE IN BIVALVES? 138
SCAPHOPODA 139
11.5 HOW IS THE MOLLUSCAN BODY PLAN MODIFIED IN SCAPHOPODA? 139
CEPHALOPODA 139
11.6 HOW IS THE MOLLUSCAN BODY PLAN MODIFIED IN CEPHALOPODA? 140
11.7 WHAT CEPHALOPODS ARE KNOWN? 140
11.8 HOW IS NAUTILUS ABLE TO SURVIVE? 142
11.9 HOW HAVE SOME CEPHALOPODS BECOME SO ACTIVE? 144
11.10 WHAT HAS LIMITED THE EVOLUTION OF CEPHALOPODS? 151
11.11 W H AT ARE T HE EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS OF MOLLUSCS? 152
CHAPTER 12 1 A R T H R O P O D A: GENERAL 153
12.1 W H AT DEFINES AN ARTHROPOD? 154
12.2 W H AT ARE THE KEY FEATURES OF ARTHROPOD CUTICLE? 154
12.3 HOW ARE ARTHROPOD INTERNAL CAVITIES ORGANISED? 160
12.4 W H AT MAKES POSSIBLE T HE GREAT ACTIVITY OF ARTHROPODS? 161
12.5 W H AT ARE THE DOSEST RELATIONS OF ARTHROPODS? 165
CHAPTER 13 I CRUSTACEA 168
13.1 W H AT IS DISTINCTIVE ABOUT CRUSTACEANS? 168
13.2 W H AT ARE THE M A IN KINDS OF CRUSTACEAN? 169
13.3 HOW HAVE CRUSTACEANS COLONISED FRESH WATER AND LAND? 171 13.4 W H
AT MAY LIMIT THE SIZE OF CRUSTACEA? 177
VII
IMAGE 4
CONTENTS
13.5 W H AT ARE THE SPECIAL FEATURES OF PARASITIC CRUSTACEANS? 177
13.6 W H AT IS T HE ROLE OF CRUSTACEAN LARVAE? 178
13.7 HOW ARE CRUSTACEA RELATED TO EACH OTHER? 180
CHAPTER 14 CHELICERATA AND MYRIAPODA I8I
CHELICERATA 181
14.1 W H AT ARE CHELICERATES? 181
14.2 WHY IS LIMULUS OF SPECIAL INTEREST? 182
14.3 W H AT ARE PYCNOGONIDS? 184
14.4 W H AT ARE ARACHNIDS? 185
14.5 HOW DID ARACHNIDS COLONISE T HE LAND? 186
MYRIAPODA 189
14.6 W H AT ARE MYRIAPODS AND HOW DO THEY MOVE? 189
14.7 HOW WELL ARE MYRIAPODS ADAPTED TO LIFE ON LAND? 191
C H A P T ER 15 INSECTA 192
15.1 W H AT IS AN INSECT? 192
15.2 WHY ARE INSECTS SUCH SUCCESSFUL LAND ANIMALS? 193
15.3 HOW ARE INSECTS ABLE TO FLY? 195
15.4 W H AT IS DISTINCTIVE ABOUT INSECT LIFE CYCLES? 201
15.5 W H AT ARE THE M A IN ORDERS OF INSECTS? 202
15.6 HOW COULD SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR HAVE EVOLVED? 209
15.7 WHY HAS STUDY OF T HE FRUIT FLY DROSOPHILA BEEN SO IMPORTANT? 210
C H A P T ER 16 ANIMALS W I TH LOPHOPHORES 213
16.1 W H AT IS A LOPHOPHORE? 213
16.2 WHICH ANIMALS HAVE LOPHOPHORES? 213
16.3 ARE ANIMALS WITH LOPHOPHORES PROTOSTOMES OR DEUTEROSTOMES? 216
16.4 W H AT ARE THE RELATIONSHIPS OF ENTOPROCTA? 218
16.5 SHOULD THERE BE A GROUP CALLED LOPHOPHORATA? 219
C H A P T ER 17 1 ECHINODERMATA 222
17.1 W H AT IS U N I Q UE ABOUT ECHINODERMS? 222
17.2 W H AT IS U N U S U AL B UT NOT U N I Q UE ABOUT ECHMODERMS? 224
17.3 HOW DO DIFFERENT ECHINODERMS FEED AND MOVE? 225
17.4 DO THE LARVAE ILLUMINATE ECHINODERM EVOLUTION? 232
C H A P T ER 18 INVERTEBRATE CHORDATA AND HEMICHORDATA 236
C H O R D A TA 236
18.1 W H AT ARE T HE CHORDATE CHARACTERS? 236
18.2 WHICH ARE T HE INVERTEBRATE CHORDATES? 238
18.3 HOW ARE T HE INVERTEBRATE CHORDATES RELATED? 240
VIII
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS
HEMICHORDATA 241
18.4 W H AT ARE T HE HEMICHORDATES? 241
18.5 WHAT DO ENTEROPNEUSTS AND PTEROBRANCHS HAVE IN COMMON? 243
18.6 WHERE DO T HE HEMICHORDATES FIT IN TO T HE DEUTEROSTOMES? 244
CHAPTER 19 1 DEVELOPMENT 247
19.1 HOW DO ANIMALS DEVELOP? 247
19.2 WHAT MAKES DIFFERENT ANIMALS DEVELOP DIFFERENTLY? 248
19.3 WHAT IS THE P A T T E RN OF CLEAVAGE IN INVERTEBRATES? 248
19.4 HOW DO INVERTEBRATES GASTRULATE? 252
19.5 HOW IS POLARITY ESTABLISHED? 254
19.6 HOW DO CELLS ACQUIRE POSITIONAL INFORMATION? 255
19.7 WHAT HAPPENS IN LATER DEVELOPMENT? 256
19.8 W H AT CAN STUDIES OF REGENERATION TEIL US ABOUT DEVELOPMENT? 257
19.9 HOW DO GENES REGULATE DEVELOPMENT? 257
19.10 WHAT ARE HOX GENES AND HOW DO THEY WORK? 259
19.11 W H AT IS EVO-DEVO ? 261
19.12 CONCLUSION 261
CHAPTER 20 INVERTEBRATE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY 263
20.1 HOW CAN WE TRACE THE COURSE OF EVOLUTION? 263
20.2 HOW HAVE GENES PROVIDED E N O U GH RAW MATERIAL FOR EVOLUTION? 264
20.3 HOW CAN GENES HELP US TO TRACE EVOLUTION? 265
20.4 W H AT DO GENES TEIL US ABOUT RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE EARLIEST
PHYLA? 265
20.5 HOW DO GENES RELATE T HE PROTOSTOME PHYLA? 267
20.6 WHERE DO THE SMALLER PROTOSTOME PHYLA FIT IN? 271
20.7 HOW DO GENES RELATE THE DEUTEROSTOME PHYLA? 273
20.8 WHAT DO MOLECULES TEIL US ABOUT RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN PHYLA? 276
20.9 CAN WE NOW DEFINE HOMOLOGY? 280
20.10 CONCLUSION 282
FURTHER READING 283
GLOSSARY 294
INDEX 313
IX
|
| adam_txt |
IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
LIST OF BOXES PAGE XI
PREFACE XIUE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XV
ILLUSTRATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XVII
CHAPTER I I THE PROCESS OF EVOLUTION: NATURAL SELECTION 1
1.1 WHAT WAS DARWIN'S THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION? 1
1.2 WHAT WAS MENDEL'S THEORY OF HEREDITY? 2
1.3 WHAT IS THE CELLULAR BASIS OF HEREDITY? 3
1.4 WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF GENETIC VARIATION? 5
1.5 WHAT IS THE NATURE OF GENES? 6
1.6 WHAT IS THE ROLE OF CHANCE IN EVOLUTION? 6
1.7 AT WHAT LEVEL DOES NATURAL SELECTION ACT? 7
1.8 WHAT IN GENERAL DOES EVOLUTION PRODUCE? 7
CHAPTER 2 I THE PATTERN OF EVOLUTION: METHODS OF INVESTIGATION N
2.1 HOW SHOULD WE CLASSIFY ANIMALS? 11
2.2 HOW CAN WE USE MORPHOLOGY TO TRACE PHYLOGENY? 12
2.3 HOW CAN WE USE FOSSILS TO INVESTIGATE PHYLOGENY? 14
2.4 CAN THE FOSSIL RECORD DATE T HE EARLIEST APPEARANCE OF ANIMALS? 16
2.5 HOW CAN WE USE MOLECULES TO TRACE PHYLOGENY? 18
2.6 WHICH MOLECULES ARE USED? 19
2.7 HOW IS MOLECULAR INFORMATION OBTAINED? 20
2.8 HOW IS MOLECULAR INFORMATION PROCESSED? 20
2.9 HOW RELIABLE IS MOLECULAR TAXONOMY? 21
2.10 WHAT IS THE PRESENT STATE OF PHYLOGENETIC ENQUIRY? 22
CHAPTER 3 I PORIFERA 23
3.1 WHAT ARE THE DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SPONGES? 23
3.2 WHAT DIFFERENT KINDS OF SPONGE ARE KNOWN? 25
3.3 HOW DO SPONGES M A KE A LIVING? 26
3.4 WHAT CHANGES HAVE EVOLVED D U R I NG SPONGE HISTORY? 28
3.5 HOW ARE SPONGES RELATED TO OTHER PHYLA? 30
3.6 HOW HAVE SPONGES BECOME SO SUCCESSFUL? 31
CHAPTER 4 CNIDARIA 32
4.1 WHY DO WE REGARD CNIDARIA AS SIMPLE? 32
4.2 WHAT KINDS OF CNIDARIA ARE KNOWN? 34
4.3 HOW DO CNIDARIA MAKE A LIVING? 35
4.4 HOW HAS SO M U CH DIVERSITY BEEN POSSIBLE? 40
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
4.5 W H AT IS THE ECOLOGICAL I M P O R T A N CE OF CORAL REEFS? 43
4.6 HOW ARE CNIDARIA RELATED TO EACH OTHER AND TO
OTHER PHYLA? 45
C H A P T ER 5 I ON BEING A W O RM 47
5.1 W HY ARE T H E RE SO M A NY DIFFERENT KINDS OF W O R M? 47
5.2 HOW CAN MUSCLES MOVE A WORM? 48
5.3 W H AT W O RM PHYLA ARE K N O W N? 54
5.4 DO CTENOPHORA BELONG A M O NG THE WORMS? 63
C H A P T ER 6 I PLATYHELMINTHES AND ACOELOMORPHA 65
6.1 W H AT IS THE BODY PLAN OF T HE PLATYHELMINTHS? 65
6.2 W H AT GROUPS OF W O R MS CONSTITUTE THE
PLATYHELMINTHES? 66
6.3 W H AT ARE THE ACOELOMORPHA? 67
6.4 W H AT IS SPECIALISED A B O UT M O D E RN PLATYHELMINTHS? 69
6.5 HOW ARE PLATYHELMINTHS RELATED TO EACH OTHER? 73
6.6 HOW ARE P L A T Y H E L M I N T HS RELATED TO OTHER PHYLA? 73
C H A P T ER 7 N E M E R T EA 75
7.1 W H AT ARE THE PRINCIPAL GROUPS OF N E M E R T I N E S? 77
7.2 HOW DO N E M E R T I N ES RESEMBLE PLATYHELMINTHS? 78
7.3 HOW DO N E M E R T I N ES DIFFER FROM PLATYHELMINTHS? 78
7.4 W H AT DIVERSITY EXISTS A M O NG N E M E R T I N E S? 84
7.5 HOW DO N E M E R T I N ES DEVELOP? 85
7.6 HOW ARE N E M E R T I N ES RELATED TO OTHER PHYLA? 86
C H A P T ER 8 NEMATODA 90
8.1 W H AT ARE THE DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS OF NEMATODES? 91
8.2 HOW ARE THESE CHARACTERS RELATED TO T HE CUTICLE
AND FLUID PRESSURE? 91
8.3 HOW IS T HE P H Y L UM SUBDIVIDED? 95
8.4 WHY ARE N E M A T O D ES USEFUL FOR DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES? 95
8.5 WHY HAS CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS BEEN STUDIED SO THOROUGHLY? 96
8.6 HOW ARE N E M A T O D ES RELATED TO OTHER ANIMALS? 99
8.7 CONCLUSION 100
CHAPTER 9 I ANNELIDA 101
9.1 W H AT IS AN ANNELID? 102
9.2 W H AT ANNELIDS ARE THERE? 104
9.3 W H AT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF THE COELOM AND
OF M E T A M E R I S M? 105
9.4 HOW DOES A COELOM I N T R O D U CE COMPLEXITY? 108
9.5 HOW DO ANNELIDS REPRODUCE AND FEED? 115
VI
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS
9.6 HOW ARE ANNELIDS RELATED TO EACH OTHER? 117
9.7 HOW ARE ANNELIDS RELATED TO OTHER PHYLA? 118
CHAPTER 10 1 MOLLUSCA: GENERAL AND GASTROPODA 120
10.1 WHAT IS THE BASIC MOLLUSCAN BODY PLAN? 120
10.2 HOW CAN SUCH AN ANIMAL FUNCTION? 121
10.3 WHAT IS T HE SHELL AND HOW MAY IT BE USED? 123
10.4 WHAT ARE T HE M A IN GROUPS OF MOLLUSCS? 125
10.5 WHAT ARE T HE ACULIFERA? 125
10.6 WHAT IS U N U S U AL ABOUT THE MONOPLACOPHORA? 126
GASTROPODA 127
10.7 HOW IS THE MOLLUSCAN BODY PLAN MODIFIED IN GASTROPODS? 127 10.8 HOW
MAY GASTROPODS FEED? 130
10.9 WHY ARE M A NY GASTROPODS HERMAPHRODITES? 132
10.10 CONCLUSION 133
CHAPTER II MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA AND CEPHALOPODA 135
BIVAMA 135
11.1 HOW IS T HE MOLLUSCAN BODY PLAN MODIFIED IN BIVALVES? 135
11.2 WHAT IS THE RAENGE OF BIVALVES? 135
11.3 HOW DO BIVALVES FEED? 137
11.4 WHAT KINDS OF MUSCLE ARE THERE IN BIVALVES? 138
SCAPHOPODA 139
11.5 HOW IS THE MOLLUSCAN BODY PLAN MODIFIED IN SCAPHOPODA? 139
CEPHALOPODA 139
11.6 HOW IS THE MOLLUSCAN BODY PLAN MODIFIED IN CEPHALOPODA? 140
11.7 WHAT CEPHALOPODS ARE KNOWN? 140
11.8 HOW IS NAUTILUS ABLE TO SURVIVE? 142
11.9 HOW HAVE SOME CEPHALOPODS BECOME SO ACTIVE? 144
11.10 WHAT HAS LIMITED THE EVOLUTION OF CEPHALOPODS? 151
11.11 W H AT ARE T HE EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS OF MOLLUSCS? 152
CHAPTER 12 1 A R T H R O P O D A: GENERAL 153
12.1 W H AT DEFINES AN ARTHROPOD? 154
12.2 W H AT ARE THE KEY FEATURES OF ARTHROPOD CUTICLE? 154
12.3 HOW ARE ARTHROPOD INTERNAL CAVITIES ORGANISED? 160
12.4 W H AT MAKES POSSIBLE T HE GREAT ACTIVITY OF ARTHROPODS? 161
12.5 W H AT ARE THE DOSEST RELATIONS OF ARTHROPODS? 165
CHAPTER 13 I CRUSTACEA 168
13.1 W H AT IS DISTINCTIVE ABOUT CRUSTACEANS? 168
13.2 W H AT ARE THE M A IN KINDS OF CRUSTACEAN? 169
13.3 HOW HAVE CRUSTACEANS COLONISED FRESH WATER AND LAND? 171 13.4 W H
AT MAY LIMIT THE SIZE OF CRUSTACEA? 177
VII
IMAGE 4
CONTENTS
13.5 W H AT ARE THE SPECIAL FEATURES OF PARASITIC CRUSTACEANS? 177
13.6 W H AT IS T HE ROLE OF CRUSTACEAN LARVAE? 178
13.7 HOW ARE CRUSTACEA RELATED TO EACH OTHER? 180
CHAPTER 14 CHELICERATA AND MYRIAPODA I8I
CHELICERATA 181
14.1 W H AT ARE CHELICERATES? 181
14.2 WHY IS LIMULUS OF SPECIAL INTEREST? 182
14.3 W H AT ARE PYCNOGONIDS? 184
14.4 W H AT ARE ARACHNIDS? 185
14.5 HOW DID ARACHNIDS COLONISE T HE LAND? 186
MYRIAPODA 189
14.6 W H AT ARE MYRIAPODS AND HOW DO THEY MOVE? 189
14.7 HOW WELL ARE MYRIAPODS ADAPTED TO LIFE ON LAND? 191
C H A P T ER 15 INSECTA 192
15.1 W H AT IS AN INSECT? 192
15.2 WHY ARE INSECTS SUCH SUCCESSFUL LAND ANIMALS? 193
15.3 HOW ARE INSECTS ABLE TO FLY? 195
15.4 W H AT IS DISTINCTIVE ABOUT INSECT LIFE CYCLES? 201
15.5 W H AT ARE THE M A IN ORDERS OF INSECTS? 202
15.6 HOW COULD SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR HAVE EVOLVED? 209
15.7 WHY HAS STUDY OF T HE FRUIT FLY DROSOPHILA BEEN SO IMPORTANT? 210
C H A P T ER 16 ANIMALS W I TH LOPHOPHORES 213
16.1 W H AT IS A LOPHOPHORE? 213
16.2 WHICH ANIMALS HAVE LOPHOPHORES? 213
16.3 ARE ANIMALS WITH LOPHOPHORES PROTOSTOMES OR DEUTEROSTOMES? 216
16.4 W H AT ARE THE RELATIONSHIPS OF ENTOPROCTA? 218
16.5 SHOULD THERE BE A GROUP CALLED 'LOPHOPHORATA? 219
C H A P T ER 17 1 ECHINODERMATA 222
17.1 W H AT IS U N I Q UE ABOUT ECHINODERMS? 222
17.2 W H AT IS U N U S U AL B UT NOT U N I Q UE ABOUT ECHMODERMS? 224
17.3 HOW DO DIFFERENT ECHINODERMS FEED AND MOVE? 225
17.4 DO THE LARVAE ILLUMINATE ECHINODERM EVOLUTION? 232
C H A P T ER 18 INVERTEBRATE CHORDATA AND HEMICHORDATA 236
C H O R D A TA 236
18.1 W H AT ARE T HE CHORDATE CHARACTERS? 236
18.2 WHICH ARE T HE INVERTEBRATE CHORDATES? 238
18.3 HOW ARE T HE INVERTEBRATE CHORDATES RELATED? 240
VIII
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS
HEMICHORDATA 241
18.4 W H AT ARE T HE HEMICHORDATES? 241
18.5 WHAT DO ENTEROPNEUSTS AND PTEROBRANCHS HAVE IN COMMON? 243
18.6 WHERE DO T HE HEMICHORDATES FIT IN TO T HE DEUTEROSTOMES? 244
CHAPTER 19 1 DEVELOPMENT 247
19.1 HOW DO ANIMALS DEVELOP? 247
19.2 WHAT MAKES DIFFERENT ANIMALS DEVELOP DIFFERENTLY? 248
19.3 WHAT IS THE P A T T E RN OF CLEAVAGE IN INVERTEBRATES? 248
19.4 HOW DO INVERTEBRATES GASTRULATE? 252
19.5 HOW IS POLARITY ESTABLISHED? 254
19.6 HOW DO CELLS ACQUIRE POSITIONAL INFORMATION? 255
19.7 WHAT HAPPENS IN LATER DEVELOPMENT? 256
19.8 W H AT CAN STUDIES OF REGENERATION TEIL US ABOUT DEVELOPMENT? 257
19.9 HOW DO GENES REGULATE DEVELOPMENT? 257
19.10 WHAT ARE HOX GENES AND HOW DO THEY WORK? 259
19.11 W H AT IS 'EVO-DEVO'? 261
19.12 CONCLUSION 261
CHAPTER 20 INVERTEBRATE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY 263
20.1 HOW CAN WE TRACE THE COURSE OF EVOLUTION? 263
20.2 HOW HAVE GENES PROVIDED E N O U GH RAW MATERIAL FOR EVOLUTION? 264
20.3 HOW CAN GENES HELP US TO TRACE EVOLUTION? 265
20.4 W H AT DO GENES TEIL US ABOUT RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE EARLIEST
PHYLA? 265
20.5 HOW DO GENES RELATE T HE PROTOSTOME PHYLA? 267
20.6 WHERE DO THE SMALLER PROTOSTOME PHYLA FIT IN? 271
20.7 HOW DO GENES RELATE THE DEUTEROSTOME PHYLA? 273
20.8 WHAT DO MOLECULES TEIL US ABOUT RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN PHYLA? 276
20.9 CAN WE NOW DEFINE HOMOLOGY? 280
20.10 CONCLUSION 282
FURTHER READING 283
GLOSSARY 294
INDEX 313
IX |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T15:37:17Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:43:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780521674065 0521674069 9780521857369 0521857368 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XVIII, 319 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
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| spelling | Moore, Janet Verfasser aut An introduction to the invertebrates Janet Moore 2. ed. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2006 XVIII, 319 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Invertébrés Invertébrés - Évolution Invertebrates Invertebrates Evolution Wirbellose (DE-588)4066359-0 gnd rswk-swf Wirbellose (DE-588)4066359-0 s DE-604 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014980614&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Moore, Janet An introduction to the invertebrates Invertébrés Invertébrés - Évolution Invertebrates Invertebrates Evolution Wirbellose (DE-588)4066359-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4066359-0 |
| title | An introduction to the invertebrates |
| title_auth | An introduction to the invertebrates |
| title_exact_search | An introduction to the invertebrates |
| title_exact_search_txtP | An introduction to the invertebrates |
| title_full | An introduction to the invertebrates Janet Moore |
| title_fullStr | An introduction to the invertebrates Janet Moore |
| title_full_unstemmed | An introduction to the invertebrates Janet Moore |
| title_short | An introduction to the invertebrates |
| title_sort | an introduction to the invertebrates |
| topic | Invertébrés Invertébrés - Évolution Invertebrates Invertebrates Evolution Wirbellose (DE-588)4066359-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Invertébrés Invertébrés - Évolution Invertebrates Invertebrates Evolution Wirbellose |
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