Nanoscopic materials: size-dependent phenomena
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
RSC Publ.
2006
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XII, 285 S. Ill., graph.Darst. |
ISBN: | 085404857x 9780854048571 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1 Clusters and Nanoparticles 1
2 Feynman s Vision 2
Chapter 2 Bulk and Interface 5
1 Gradients Near Surfaces 5
2 The Coordination Number Rules the Game 6
3 Surface Science, a Source of Information for
Nanoscience 8
4 Particle Size and Microstrain 11
5 Biomimetics: Nature as a Source of Inspiration for
Strategies in Nanotechnology 17
Chapter 3 Geometric Structure, Magic Numbers, and Coordination
Numbers of Small Clusters 21
1 The Consequences of the Range of the Radial Potential
Energy Function 21
2 Magic Numbers by Geometric Shells Closing 26
3 Magic Numbers by Electronic Shells Closing 29
4 Cohesive Energy and Coordination Number 34
Chapter 4 Electronic Structure 41
1 Discrete States Versus Band Structure 41
2 The Effects of Dimensionality and Symmetry in
Quantum Structures 42
3 The Nonmetal-to-Metal Transition 47
3.1 General Criteria 47
3.2 The Special Case of Divalent Elements 49
3.3 Experimental Criteria of Metallic Behaviour 51
ix
x Contents
4 Work Function, Ionisation Potential and Electron
Affinity 55
5 Electronic Structure of Semiconductor and Metal
Clusters 60
5.1 Optical Transitions in Semiconductor Nanoclusters 60
5.2 Photochemical and Photophysical Processes of
Semiconductor Nanoparticles 65
5.3 Optical Properties of Metal Nanoclusters 69
6 A Semiconductor Quantum Dot Electronic Device 74
Chapter 5 Magnetic Properties 81
1 A Brief Primer on Magnetism 81
1.1 The Basic Parameters 81
1.2 Curie Paramagnetism 82
1.3 Curie-Weiss Paramagnetism 83
1.4 Antiferromagnetism 84
1.5 Ferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism 84
1.6 Molecular Magnets 86
1.7 Superparamagnetism 88
1.8 Other Forms of Magnetism 90
2 The Concept of Frustration 91
3 Magnetic Properties of Small Clusters 95
3.1 Theoretical Predictions 95
3.2 Experimental Observations of Magnetism in
Clusters 100
4 Ferromagnetic Order in Thin Films and Monoatomic
Chains 106
5 Finite Size Effects in Magnetic Resonance Detection 109
5.1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 109
5.2 Electron Spin Resonance 111
Chapter 6 Thermodynamics for Finite Size Systems 119
1 Limitations of Macroscopic Thermodynamics 119
1.1 A Formal Approach 119
1.2 Systems Beyond the Thermodynamic Limit 120
1.3 The Breakdown of the Concept of Phases 122
2 The Basics of Capillarity 124
3 Phase Transitions of Free Liquid Droplets 128
4 The Lotus Effect 129
5 Classical Nucleation Theory 136
6 Shape Control of Nanocrystals 141
7 Size Effects on Ion Conduction in Solids 148
8 Principles of Self-Assembly 152
Contents xi
Chapter 7 Adsorption, Phase Behaviour and Dynamics of Surface
Layers and in Pores 163
1 Surface Adsorption and Pore Condensation 163
1.1 The Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm 163
1.2 The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Equation 163
1.3 Adsorption in Micropores 166
1.4 Adsorption and Condensation in Mesopores 168
1.5 Determination of Mesopore Volumes and Mean
Pore Size 169
2 Adsorption Hysteresis and Pore Criticality 170
3 The Melting Point of Pore-confined Matter 178
4 Layering Transitions 185
4.1 Layering of Solids and Liquids Adsorbed on
Smooth Surfaces 185
4.2 Layering Transitions of Confined Fluids in
Smooth Pores 187
5 Liquid Coexistence and Ionic Solutions in Pores 191
6 The Effect of Pressure 193
7 Dynamics in Pores 194
7.1 Dielectric Properties 194
7.2 Diffusion and Viscosity Under Confinement 198
Chapter 8 Nucleation, Phase Transitions and Dynamics of Clusters 209
1 Melting Point and Melting Enthalpy 209
1.1 Introduction 209
1.2 Supported Tin Clusters 210
1.3 Melting of Cadmium Sulfide Nanocrystals 214
1.4 Free Sodium Clusters 214
1.5 Isolated Silver Clusters 219
1.6 Simulated Melting Behaviour of Further Metal
Clusters 221
1.7 Discrete Periodic Melting of Indium Clusters 221
1.8 Hydrogen-Induced Melting of Palladium
Clusters 222
2 Dynamics of Metal Clusters 223
Chapter 9 Phase Transitions of Two-Dimensional Systems 233
1 Melting of Thin Layers 233
2 Structural Phase Transitions in Thin Layers 233
3 Glass Transition of a Polymer Thin Film 235
4 Surface Alloy Phases 236
xii Contents
Chapter 10 Catalysis by Metallic Nanoparticles 239
1 Some General Principles of Catalysis by Nanoparticles 239
2 Size-Controlled Catalytic Clusters 241
3 Shape-Dependent Catalytic Activity 246
4 The Effect of Strain 248
5 The Effect of Alloying 252
6 Metal-Support Interaction 255
7 The Influence of External Bias Voltage 257
Chapter 11 Applications: Facts and Fictions 263
1 Nanomaterials 263
1.1 General Considerations 263
1.2 Applications in Medicine 263
1.3 Intelligent Surfaces 265
1.4 Applications in Catalysis 265
1.5 Applications in Environmental Technologies 265
2 Nanotechnology 266
2.1 Applications to Nanomechanics 267
2.2 Applications in Nanoelectronics 269
2.3 Applications of Single Spin- and Nanomagnetism 272
2.4 Applications of Optical Properties 273
3 Hopes, Hazards and Hype 275
3.1 Is Nanotechnology Useful? 275
3.2 Potential Health and Environmental Hazards 276
3.3 Ethical and Social Threats from Nanotechnology 276
3.4 Is Nanotechnology but Hype? 278
Subject Index 281
|
adam_txt |
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1 Clusters and Nanoparticles 1
2 Feynman's Vision 2
Chapter 2 Bulk and Interface 5
1 Gradients Near Surfaces 5
2 The Coordination Number Rules the Game 6
3 Surface Science, a Source of Information for
Nanoscience 8
4 Particle Size and Microstrain 11
5 Biomimetics: Nature as a Source of Inspiration for
Strategies in Nanotechnology 17
Chapter 3 Geometric Structure, Magic Numbers, and Coordination
Numbers of Small Clusters 21
1 The Consequences of the Range of the Radial Potential
Energy Function 21
2 Magic Numbers by Geometric Shells Closing 26
3 Magic Numbers by Electronic Shells Closing 29
4 Cohesive Energy and Coordination Number 34
Chapter 4 Electronic Structure 41
1 Discrete States Versus Band Structure 41
2 The Effects of Dimensionality and Symmetry in
Quantum Structures 42
3 The Nonmetal-to-Metal Transition 47
3.1 General Criteria 47
3.2 The Special Case of Divalent Elements 49
3.3 Experimental Criteria of Metallic Behaviour 51
ix
x Contents
4 Work Function, Ionisation Potential and Electron
Affinity 55
5 Electronic Structure of Semiconductor and Metal
Clusters 60
5.1 Optical Transitions in Semiconductor Nanoclusters 60
5.2 Photochemical and Photophysical Processes of
Semiconductor Nanoparticles 65
5.3 Optical Properties of Metal Nanoclusters 69
6 A Semiconductor Quantum Dot Electronic Device 74
Chapter 5 Magnetic Properties 81
1 A Brief Primer on Magnetism 81
1.1 The Basic Parameters 81
1.2 Curie Paramagnetism 82
1.3 Curie-Weiss Paramagnetism 83
1.4 Antiferromagnetism 84
1.5 Ferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism 84
1.6 Molecular Magnets 86
1.7 Superparamagnetism 88
1.8 Other Forms of Magnetism 90
2 The Concept of Frustration 91
3 Magnetic Properties of Small Clusters 95
3.1 Theoretical Predictions 95
3.2 Experimental Observations of Magnetism in
Clusters 100
4 Ferromagnetic Order in Thin Films and Monoatomic
Chains 106
5 Finite Size Effects in Magnetic Resonance Detection 109
5.1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 109
5.2 Electron Spin Resonance 111
Chapter 6 Thermodynamics for Finite Size Systems 119
1 Limitations of Macroscopic Thermodynamics 119
1.1 A Formal Approach 119
1.2 Systems Beyond the Thermodynamic Limit 120
1.3 The Breakdown of the Concept of Phases 122
2 The Basics of Capillarity 124
3 Phase Transitions of Free Liquid Droplets 128
4 The Lotus Effect 129
5 Classical Nucleation Theory 136
6 Shape Control of Nanocrystals 141
7 Size Effects on Ion Conduction in Solids 148
8 Principles of Self-Assembly 152
Contents xi
Chapter 7 Adsorption, Phase Behaviour and Dynamics of Surface
Layers and in Pores 163
1 Surface Adsorption and Pore Condensation 163
1.1 The Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm 163
1.2 The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Equation 163
1.3 Adsorption in Micropores 166
1.4 Adsorption and Condensation in Mesopores 168
1.5 Determination of Mesopore Volumes and Mean
Pore Size 169
2 Adsorption Hysteresis and Pore Criticality 170
3 The Melting Point of Pore-confined Matter 178
4 Layering Transitions 185
4.1 Layering of Solids and Liquids Adsorbed on
Smooth Surfaces 185
4.2 Layering Transitions of Confined Fluids in
Smooth Pores 187
5 Liquid Coexistence and Ionic Solutions in Pores 191
6 The Effect of Pressure 193
7 Dynamics in Pores 194
7.1 Dielectric Properties 194
7.2 Diffusion and Viscosity Under Confinement 198
Chapter 8 Nucleation, Phase Transitions and Dynamics of Clusters 209
1 Melting Point and Melting Enthalpy 209
1.1 Introduction 209
1.2 Supported Tin Clusters 210
1.3 Melting of Cadmium Sulfide Nanocrystals 214
1.4 Free Sodium Clusters 214
1.5 Isolated Silver Clusters 219
1.6 Simulated Melting Behaviour of Further Metal
Clusters 221
1.7 Discrete Periodic Melting of Indium Clusters 221
1.8 Hydrogen-Induced Melting of Palladium
Clusters 222
2 Dynamics of Metal Clusters 223
Chapter 9 Phase Transitions of Two-Dimensional Systems 233
1 Melting of Thin Layers 233
2 Structural Phase Transitions in Thin Layers 233
3 Glass Transition of a Polymer Thin Film 235
4 Surface Alloy Phases 236
xii Contents
Chapter 10 Catalysis by Metallic Nanoparticles 239
1 Some General Principles of Catalysis by Nanoparticles 239
2 Size-Controlled Catalytic Clusters 241
3 Shape-Dependent Catalytic Activity 246
4 The Effect of Strain 248
5 The Effect of Alloying 252
6 Metal-Support Interaction 255
7 The Influence of External Bias Voltage 257
Chapter 11 Applications: Facts and Fictions 263
1 Nanomaterials 263
1.1 General Considerations 263
1.2 Applications in Medicine 263
1.3 Intelligent Surfaces 265
1.4 Applications in Catalysis 265
1.5 Applications in Environmental Technologies 265
2 Nanotechnology 266
2.1 Applications to Nanomechanics 267
2.2 Applications in Nanoelectronics 269
2.3 Applications of Single Spin- and Nanomagnetism 272
2.4 Applications of Optical Properties 273
3 Hopes, Hazards and Hype 275
3.1 Is Nanotechnology Useful? 275
3.2 Potential Health and Environmental Hazards 276
3.3 Ethical and Social Threats from Nanotechnology 276
3.4 Is Nanotechnology but Hype? 278
Subject Index 281 |
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index_date | 2024-07-02T15:27:30Z |
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isbn | 085404857x 9780854048571 |
language | English |
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physical | XII, 285 S. Ill., graph.Darst. |
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spelling | Roduner, Emil Verfasser aut Nanoscopic materials size-dependent phenomena Emil Roduner Cambridge RSC Publ. 2006 XII, 285 S. Ill., graph.Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Nanoscience Nanotechnology Physikalische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4134738-9 gnd rswk-swf Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd rswk-swf Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 s Physikalische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4134738-9 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014948081&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Roduner, Emil Nanoscopic materials size-dependent phenomena Nanoscience Nanotechnology Physikalische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4134738-9 gnd Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4134738-9 (DE-588)4342626-8 |
title | Nanoscopic materials size-dependent phenomena |
title_auth | Nanoscopic materials size-dependent phenomena |
title_exact_search | Nanoscopic materials size-dependent phenomena |
title_exact_search_txtP | Nanoscopic materials size-dependent phenomena |
title_full | Nanoscopic materials size-dependent phenomena Emil Roduner |
title_fullStr | Nanoscopic materials size-dependent phenomena Emil Roduner |
title_full_unstemmed | Nanoscopic materials size-dependent phenomena Emil Roduner |
title_short | Nanoscopic materials |
title_sort | nanoscopic materials size dependent phenomena |
title_sub | size-dependent phenomena |
topic | Nanoscience Nanotechnology Physikalische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4134738-9 gnd Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd |
topic_facet | Nanoscience Nanotechnology Physikalische Eigenschaft Nanostrukturiertes Material |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014948081&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT roduneremil nanoscopicmaterialssizedependentphenomena |