Labor market performance in transition: the experience of Central and Eastern European countries
More than a decade after the start of the transition process, unemployment rates remain in the double digits in a number of Central and Eastern European countries. That unemployment rates have failed to decline, even in countries experiencing good growth, is puzzling. In this paper the authors exami...
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, DC
Internat. Monetary Fund
2006
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Occasional paper / International Monetary Fund
248 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | More than a decade after the start of the transition process, unemployment rates remain in the double digits in a number of Central and Eastern European countries. That unemployment rates have failed to decline, even in countries experiencing good growth, is puzzling. In this paper the authors examine three interrelated questions: How has the transition from central planning to market economies affected labor market performance? How have labor market institutions and policies influenced developments? Why have regional differences in unemployment persisted? The authors take an eclectic methodological approach: construction of a new data set and a simple analytical model; econometric estimation; and case studies. They find that faster-performing countries have better unemployment records; that labor market policies have some, but not dominant, influence over labor market outcomes; that policies not typically viewed as labor market policies can nevertheless significantly affect labor markets; and that market processes cannot be relied on to eliminate regional differences in unemployment.--Publisher's description. |
| Beschreibung: | IX, 82 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1589064690 |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Occasional paper / International Monetary Fund |v 248 | |
| 520 | 3 | |a More than a decade after the start of the transition process, unemployment rates remain in the double digits in a number of Central and Eastern European countries. That unemployment rates have failed to decline, even in countries experiencing good growth, is puzzling. In this paper the authors examine three interrelated questions: How has the transition from central planning to market economies affected labor market performance? How have labor market institutions and policies influenced developments? Why have regional differences in unemployment persisted? The authors take an eclectic methodological approach: construction of a new data set and a simple analytical model; econometric estimation; and case studies. They find that faster-performing countries have better unemployment records; that labor market policies have some, but not dominant, influence over labor market outcomes; that policies not typically viewed as labor market policies can nevertheless significantly affect labor markets; and that market processes cannot be relied on to eliminate regional differences in unemployment.--Publisher's description. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135555916627968 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
vii
Abbreviations
ix
I Overview I
II Labor Market Developments in Transition: The Stylized Facts
3
Labor Market Participation
3
Employment Developments
8
Unemployment
9
Regional Unemployment
11
Wage Developments
11
Policies and Labor Market Outcomes
12
Stylized Facts and Questions Raised
29
III Labor Markets in Transition: An Econometric Analysis
30
A Brief Literature Review
30
A Simple Analytical Framework
30
Econometric Analysis: Determinants of Unemployment in Transition
32
Data Issues and Econometric Results
34
Country Case Studies: What Works Best?
36
IV Understanding Persistent Regional Disparities in Unemployment
44
Differences in Labor Market Performance: An Overview
44
Labor Mobility: The Individual Worker
s
Decision
49
Job Mobility: The Firm
s
Decision
52
V Policy Lessons: Reducing Unemployment in Transition
56
Appendixes
I. Data Sources and Issues
58
П.
Country Case Studies
60
Ш.
Models of Worker and Firm Decision Making in a Regional Context
72
Bibliography
77
Figures
2.1.
Labor
Participation
Rates
9
2.2.
Real GDP and Employment
10
2.3.
Private Sector Share in Employment
12
2.4.
Employment by Sector
13
2.5.
Productivity by Sector
14
2.6.
Unemployment Rates
15
2.7.
Long-Term Unemployment
16
2.8.
Regional Unemployment Rates
26
2.9.
Real Wages
27
2.10.
Statutory Overall Tax Rates on Labor Income
27
2.11.
Minimum Wages
28
2.12.
Statutory Replacement Ratios of Unemployment Benefits to
Average Gross Wage
28
3.1.
Employment Dynamics in Transition Countries
:
A Simple Framework
31
3.2.
Sources of Growth
32
3.3.
Employment and Real GDP Per Capita
33
3.4.
Unemployment Residuals
39
3.5.
Gross Monthly Wages and GDP per Employee,
2003 41
3.6.
Strictness of Employment Protection and Size of Shadow Economy
42
4.1.
Unemployment and Its Regional Dispersion
45
4.2.
Unemployment and Structural Change
46
4.3.
Commuting Frequency and Unemployment
48
4.4.
Unemployment and Car Ownership, Hungarian Regions,
2002 49
4.5.
Unemployment and Home Ownership: Selected
European Nations in the
1990s 51
4.6.
Unemployment and Main Phone Lines, Hungarian Regions,
2002 54
A2.
1.
Productivity, Wages, and Unit Labor Costs in the Private Sector
65
A2.2. Real Wages
66
A3.1.
Benefits from Labor Market Choices Under Different
Transaction Costs
73
A3.2. Benefits from Different Labor Market Choices Under Various
Labor Market Conditions
74
A3.3. Benefits from Different Labor Market Choices for Insiders
and Outsiders if Privilege Is Not Portable
75
A3.4.
Benefits from Different Labor Market Choices for Insiders
and Outsiders if Privilege Is Portable
76
Tables
2.1.
Selected Macroeconomic Indicators
4
2.2.
EBRD Transition Indicators
8
2.3.
Bulgaria: Labor Force Survey Results
17
2.4.
Croatia: Labor Force Survey Results
18
2.5.
Czech Republic: Labor Force Survey Results
19
2.6.
Estonia: Labor Force Survey Results
20
2.7.
Hungary: Labor Force Survey Results
21
2.8.
Latvia: Labor Force Survey Results
22
2.9.
Lithuania: Labor Force Survey Results
23
2.10.
Slovak Republic: Labor Force Survey Results
24
2.11.
Slovenia: Labor Force Survey Results
25
2.12.
Employment Protection Legislation Index (EPL)
29
3.1.
Panel Estimation (Arellano-Bond): Employment and Unemployment
36
3.2.
Impact of Terms of Trade (TOT) Shocks on the Employment Rate
in the Presence of Labor Market Institutions (LMI)
3 8
3.3.
Selected
Business
Environment
Indicators
40
3.4. OLS
Estimation on the Impact of EPL on Shadow Economy
42
4.1.
Basic Indicators, Hungarian and Czech Regions
47
4.2.
Indicators of Commuting Costs in Selected Countries
49
4.3.
Indicators of Job Creation by Regional Unemployment
Quintiles
in Hungary
50
4.4.
House Ownership in Selected Countries
50
4.5.
Skill Endowments
52
4.6.
Motivation of Austrian Outward Direct Investors, End-
1999 53
4.7.
Unemployment Rate and the FDI Sector
s
Share in the
Corporate Sector s Employment in Hungarian Regions
53
A2.
1.
Regional Inequalities in Hungary,
2003
:Q3
65
The following conventions are used in this paper:
to indicate that data are not available or not applicable;
—
to indicate that the figure is zero or less than half the final digit shown;
-
between years or months (for example,
2004-05
or January-June) to indi¬
cate the years or months covered, including the beginning and ending
years or months;
/
between years or months (for example,
2004/05)
to indicate a fiscal or
financial year.
Billion means a thousand million; trillion means a thousand billion.
Basis points refer to hundredths of
1
percentage point (for example,
25
basis
points are equivalent to
К
of
1
percentage point).
Minor discrepancies between constituent figures and totals are due to rounding.
* * *
As used in this report, the term country does not in all cases refer to a territor¬
ial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. As used
here, the term also covers some territorial entities that are not states but for
which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis.
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface
vii
Abbreviations
ix
I Overview I
II Labor Market Developments in Transition: The Stylized Facts
3
Labor Market Participation
3
Employment Developments
8
Unemployment
9
Regional Unemployment
11
Wage Developments
11
Policies and Labor Market Outcomes
12
Stylized Facts and Questions Raised
29
III Labor Markets in Transition: An Econometric Analysis
30
A Brief Literature Review
30
A Simple Analytical Framework
30
Econometric Analysis: Determinants of Unemployment in Transition
32
Data Issues and Econometric Results
34
Country Case Studies: What Works Best?
36
IV Understanding Persistent Regional Disparities in Unemployment
44
Differences in Labor Market Performance: An Overview
44
Labor Mobility: The Individual Worker'
s
Decision
49
Job Mobility: The Firm'
s
Decision
52
V Policy Lessons: Reducing Unemployment in Transition
56
Appendixes
I. Data Sources and Issues
58
П.
Country Case Studies
60
Ш.
Models of Worker and Firm Decision Making in a Regional Context
72
Bibliography
77
Figures
2.1.
Labor
Participation
Rates
9
2.2.
Real GDP and Employment
10
2.3.
Private Sector Share in Employment
12
2.4.
Employment by Sector
13
2.5.
Productivity by Sector
14
2.6.
Unemployment Rates
15
2.7.
Long-Term Unemployment
16
2.8.
Regional Unemployment Rates
26
2.9.
Real Wages
27
2.10.
Statutory Overall Tax Rates on Labor Income
27
2.11.
Minimum Wages
28
2.12.
Statutory Replacement Ratios of Unemployment Benefits to
Average Gross Wage
28
3.1.
Employment Dynamics in Transition Countries
:
A Simple Framework
31
3.2.
Sources of Growth
32
3.3.
Employment and Real GDP Per Capita
33
3.4.
Unemployment Residuals
39
3.5.
Gross Monthly Wages and GDP per Employee,
2003 41
3.6.
Strictness of Employment Protection and Size of Shadow Economy
42
4.1.
Unemployment and Its Regional Dispersion
45
4.2.
Unemployment and Structural Change
46
4.3.
Commuting Frequency and Unemployment
48
4.4.
Unemployment and Car Ownership, Hungarian Regions,
2002 49
4.5.
Unemployment and Home Ownership: Selected
European Nations in the
1990s 51
4.6.
Unemployment and Main Phone Lines, Hungarian Regions,
2002 54
A2.
1.
Productivity, Wages, and Unit Labor Costs in the Private Sector
65
A2.2. Real Wages
66
A3.1.
Benefits from Labor Market Choices Under Different
Transaction Costs
73
A3.2. Benefits from Different Labor Market Choices Under Various
Labor Market Conditions
74
A3.3. Benefits from Different Labor Market Choices for Insiders
and Outsiders if Privilege Is Not Portable
75
A3.4.
Benefits from Different Labor Market Choices for Insiders
and Outsiders if Privilege Is Portable
76
Tables
2.1.
Selected Macroeconomic Indicators
4
2.2.
EBRD Transition Indicators
8
2.3.
Bulgaria: Labor Force Survey Results
17
2.4.
Croatia: Labor Force Survey Results
18
2.5.
Czech Republic: Labor Force Survey Results
19
2.6.
Estonia: Labor Force Survey Results
20
2.7.
Hungary: Labor Force Survey Results
21
2.8.
Latvia: Labor Force Survey Results
22
2.9.
Lithuania: Labor Force Survey Results
23
2.10.
Slovak Republic: Labor Force Survey Results
24
2.11.
Slovenia: Labor Force Survey Results
25
2.12.
Employment Protection Legislation Index (EPL)
29
3.1.
Panel Estimation (Arellano-Bond): Employment and Unemployment
36
3.2.
Impact of Terms of Trade (TOT) Shocks on the Employment Rate
in the Presence of Labor Market Institutions (LMI)
3 8
3.3.
Selected
Business
Environment
Indicators
40
3.4. OLS
Estimation on the Impact of EPL on Shadow Economy
42
4.1.
Basic Indicators, Hungarian and Czech Regions
47
4.2.
Indicators of Commuting Costs in Selected Countries
49
4.3.
Indicators of Job Creation by Regional Unemployment
Quintiles
in Hungary
50
4.4.
House Ownership in Selected Countries
50
4.5.
Skill Endowments
52
4.6.
Motivation of Austrian Outward Direct Investors, End-
1999 53
4.7.
Unemployment Rate and the FDI Sector'
s
Share in the
Corporate Sector's Employment in Hungarian Regions
53
A2.
1.
Regional Inequalities in Hungary,
2003
:Q3
65
The following conventions are used in this paper:
to indicate that data are not available or not applicable;
—
to indicate that the figure is zero or less than half the final digit shown;
-
between years or months (for example,
2004-05
or January-June) to indi¬
cate the years or months covered, including the beginning and ending
years or months;
/
between years or months (for example,
2004/05)
to indicate a fiscal or
financial year.
"Billion" means a thousand million; "trillion" means a thousand billion.
"Basis points" refer to hundredths of
1
percentage point (for example,
25
basis
points are equivalent to
К
of
1
percentage point).
Minor discrepancies between constituent figures and totals are due to rounding.
* * *
As used in this report, the term "country" does not in all cases refer to a territor¬
ial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. As used
here, the term also covers some territorial entities that are not states but for
which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis. |
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| geographic | Midden-Europa gtt Oost-Europa gtt Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Midden-Europa Oost-Europa Osteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV021716485 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T15:22:12Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:42:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1589064690 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014930218 |
| oclc_num | 70807842 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-12 |
| physical | IX, 82 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Internat. Monetary Fund |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Occasional paper / International Monetary Fund |
| spelling | Labor market performance in transition the experience of Central and Eastern European countries Jerald Schiff ... Washington, DC Internat. Monetary Fund 2006 IX, 82 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Occasional paper / International Monetary Fund 248 More than a decade after the start of the transition process, unemployment rates remain in the double digits in a number of Central and Eastern European countries. That unemployment rates have failed to decline, even in countries experiencing good growth, is puzzling. In this paper the authors examine three interrelated questions: How has the transition from central planning to market economies affected labor market performance? How have labor market institutions and policies influenced developments? Why have regional differences in unemployment persisted? The authors take an eclectic methodological approach: construction of a new data set and a simple analytical model; econometric estimation; and case studies. They find that faster-performing countries have better unemployment records; that labor market policies have some, but not dominant, influence over labor market outcomes; that policies not typically viewed as labor market policies can nevertheless significantly affect labor markets; and that market processes cannot be relied on to eliminate regional differences in unemployment.--Publisher's description. Geschichte 1988-2002 gnd rswk-swf Salarissen gtt Statistieken gtt Werkgelegenheid gtt Werkgelegenheidsbeleid gtt Werkloosheid gtt Statistik Labor market Europe, Central Statistics Labor market Europe, Eastern Statistics Unemployment Europe, Central Statistics Unemployment Europe, Eastern Statistics Wandel (DE-588)4234987-4 gnd rswk-swf Arbeitsmarkt (DE-588)4002733-8 gnd rswk-swf Midden-Europa gtt Oost-Europa gtt Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Arbeitsmarkt (DE-588)4002733-8 s Wandel (DE-588)4234987-4 s Geschichte 1988-2002 z DE-604 Schiff, Jerald A. Sonstige oth International Monetary Fund Occasional paper 248 (DE-604)BV002597241 248 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014930218&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Labor market performance in transition the experience of Central and Eastern European countries Salarissen gtt Statistieken gtt Werkgelegenheid gtt Werkgelegenheidsbeleid gtt Werkloosheid gtt Statistik Labor market Europe, Central Statistics Labor market Europe, Eastern Statistics Unemployment Europe, Central Statistics Unemployment Europe, Eastern Statistics Wandel (DE-588)4234987-4 gnd Arbeitsmarkt (DE-588)4002733-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4234987-4 (DE-588)4002733-8 (DE-588)4075739-0 |
| title | Labor market performance in transition the experience of Central and Eastern European countries |
| title_auth | Labor market performance in transition the experience of Central and Eastern European countries |
| title_exact_search | Labor market performance in transition the experience of Central and Eastern European countries |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Labor market performance in transition the experience of Central and Eastern European countries |
| title_full | Labor market performance in transition the experience of Central and Eastern European countries Jerald Schiff ... |
| title_fullStr | Labor market performance in transition the experience of Central and Eastern European countries Jerald Schiff ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Labor market performance in transition the experience of Central and Eastern European countries Jerald Schiff ... |
| title_short | Labor market performance in transition |
| title_sort | labor market performance in transition the experience of central and eastern european countries |
| title_sub | the experience of Central and Eastern European countries |
| topic | Salarissen gtt Statistieken gtt Werkgelegenheid gtt Werkgelegenheidsbeleid gtt Werkloosheid gtt Statistik Labor market Europe, Central Statistics Labor market Europe, Eastern Statistics Unemployment Europe, Central Statistics Unemployment Europe, Eastern Statistics Wandel (DE-588)4234987-4 gnd Arbeitsmarkt (DE-588)4002733-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Salarissen Statistieken Werkgelegenheid Werkgelegenheidsbeleid Werkloosheid Statistik Labor market Europe, Central Statistics Labor market Europe, Eastern Statistics Unemployment Europe, Central Statistics Unemployment Europe, Eastern Statistics Wandel Arbeitsmarkt Midden-Europa Oost-Europa Osteuropa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014930218&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV002597241 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT schiffjeralda labormarketperformanceintransitiontheexperienceofcentralandeasterneuropeancountries |