Polski rok 1968:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
2006
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
22 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 809 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 8360464022 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135546076790784 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
1.
2.
3.
4.
wobec władzy
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Zakończenie
Summary
Wykaz skrótów
Bibliografia
Indeks osobowy
SUMMARY
The year
after the Second World War. It witnessed such different social phenomena as the Prague
Spring, suppressed by the armies of the Warsaw Pact, and the wave of dissent among
the young that became even louder than before in France, West Germany and the US.
One should also bear in mind that the year
war. Not forgetting all these, but also other events that influenced the international at¬
mosphere, e.g. the Soviet-Chinese rivalry for the dominant position in the commu¬
nist family , I concentrated, in line with the title of the book, on the events of
in Poland.
It is not my first attempt to tackle the topic on which I have been working intermit¬
tently for nearly twenty five years. In
Poland1. While working on the book, apart from the few books available on the sub¬
ject, I predominantly used accounts by several dozen participants and observers of those
events, as well as diaries, newspapers and published documents. I could hardly use the
archive material which was unavailable to historians at the time. However, I realized that
I would come back to this topic. Using the rich body of writings on the subject, dozens of
new accounts collected by me, but mostly archive material unknown earlier to historians
that was created by local communist party chapters and law enforcement agencies, I was
practically able to write a new book. This time I decided not to structure it in a chrono¬
logical order, but perhaps in a little more difficult way for the reader, to make a cross-
section of the material by focusing on selected problems. I think this will provide a more
comprehensive description and offer a more profound analysis. The social and political
crisis of
termined by different events which often had nothing in common with one another, ex¬
cept for the fact that they took place at the same place and time (i.e. in Poland in
Regardless of the fact that they had in fact started a few months earlier and finished a few
month later, it is conventionally called the crisis of March
Everything that happened then provided a very important experience for a big part
of Polish intellectuals. However, the fact is that different people perceived March
in a different way by paying attention to these aspects that concerned them personally.
Thus for many people who were attending university in
student protest known as the March events . The most memorable events for them are
strikes, student demonstrations and rallies which spread to all the colleges.
1
758
The student revolt lasted at least three weeks. Tens of thousands of people were in¬
volved, of whom according to the official information,
In their freedom slogans, students mostly usually used a left-wing phraseology.
They fought first of all for democratization and liberalization of the system and the
right to live in truth. Not surprisingly, the wave of youth protests, its sources and se¬
quence of events, takes pride of place in my book. Five chapters (ii, v,
devoted to these problems and they make up over one third of the whole. It seems jus¬
tified, considering that many participants of those events have been convinced until
now that March influenced their further lives. The March events have also contri¬
buted to the creation of Generation
tive in the anti-communist opposition and in
sors of Solidarity.
However, it was not the only trend in Poland in
observe a shameful anti-Semitic media campaign, which the regime tried in vain to dis¬
guise as Anti-Zionism. The communist activists who stage-managed this campaign prob¬
ably gave little thought to how world opinion would react to the fact that
fore, Nazi-occupied Poland has been the scene of the Holocaust. The world reacted very
badly. The
of this, Poland won a bad name in a number of western countries.
At the same time, a lot of Polish Jews were dismissed from the communist party. They
also lost their jobs. Most of them decided to emigrate. By
ed. A lot of them were highly qualified people with broad professional experience.
Ironically, many of the exiles had become assimilated, to the point that they felt they
had little in common with Jewishness. A sizeable proportion of the exiles became affect¬
ed by the communist regime s propaganda which questioned their right to be part of the
Polish nation. They preferred to use the term I am from Poland to I am Polish . Some
of the Jews forced into exile, who had been assimilated for a long time, openly returned
to their Jewish roots in
is devoted to the sources, course and consequences of the anti-Semitic campaign that
started in
traces of anti-Zionist actions in almost all the other chapters.
Then for numerous representatives of the world of culture, science and the arts,
March
were attacked brutally in the media. The common trait of this media campaign was that
it followed the example of communist party leaders by accusing artists and scientists
not only of the lack of moral and ideological values, but also by questioning their pro¬
fessional qualifications. At the same time new names appeared on the intellectual scene.
They owed their rapid rise to prominence not so much to their abilities, but to their read¬
iness to follow the communist party line. As leading academics were being kicked out
of universities, unscrupulous opportunists were being promoted.
Numerous books by authors known to be political dissidents were banned, no mat¬
ter how advanced their work was. All their books that had already been printed were de¬
stroyed. Those at the type-setting stage were left unpublished. The censorship did not
let release the films regarded officially as anti-Polish. Among others there was the film
Rassenschande
759
just a few weeks earlier. This film was made in co-operation with a West Berlin producer
and dealt with the problem of sexual relations between Germans and other nationalities
and races banned by the Nazi law.
Due to the significance of these issues, I devoted the extensive chapter
to them, including the attitude of intellectuals to the communist regime, the attitude
of government representatives to intellectuals (not just in
policy pursued by the communists in the late
Despite the time that has elapsed since
events is the in-fighting within the communist party leadership. In the
mal group of party activists was formed under the leadership of interior minister general
Mieczysław Moczar.
bers of this group fought in the communist underground army during the Second World
War. The position and influence of this group grew as time passed. They used populist,
anti-intellectual, anti-Semitic and nationalist slogans to justify their drive toward autho¬
ritarianism.
In spite of considerable progress in studies on the recent Polish political history,
and in spite of the availability of earlier unknown documents, it is still impossible to
determine
Władysław Gomułka
command or the power behind the throne . I devoted the entire chapter
straggle within the communist party leadership. Echoes of this power straggle can also
be found in other parts of the book.
This holds particularly
1967-1968,
outlines the attitude of lay Catholics, priests and above all the leaders of the Polish
Roman Catholic church to those events.
However, events that took place in Poland cannot be treated in isolation from the in¬
ternational context. Naturally, whatever happened in Poland in
the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia, which happened roughly at the same time,
and which in some ways was connected with Polish developments. On the one hand,
Polish students and intellectuals referred to the same freedom slogans as their Czech and
Slovak colleagues. On the other hand, Polish soldiers took part in crushing the Prague
Spring in August
Along with East German leader Walter
Gomułka
even with the use of armed Warsaw Pact troops. I wrote about the international aspects
of the events of
significantly entitled Warsaw Prague Moscow.
transi.
|
| adam_txt |
SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
1.
2.
3.
4.
wobec władzy
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Zakończenie
Summary
Wykaz skrótów
Bibliografia
Indeks osobowy
SUMMARY
The year
after the Second World War. It witnessed such different social phenomena as the Prague
Spring, suppressed by the armies of the Warsaw Pact, and the wave of dissent among
the young that became even louder than before in France, West Germany and the US.
One should also bear in mind that the year
war. Not forgetting all these, but also other events that influenced the international at¬
mosphere, e.g. the Soviet-Chinese rivalry for the dominant position in the "commu¬
nist family", I concentrated, in line with the title of the book, on the events of
in Poland.
It is not my first attempt to tackle the topic on which I have been working intermit¬
tently for nearly twenty five years. In
Poland1. While working on the book, apart from the few books available on the sub¬
ject, I predominantly used accounts by several dozen participants and observers of those
events, as well as diaries, newspapers and published documents. I could hardly use the
archive material which was unavailable to historians at the time. However, I realized that
I would come back to this topic. Using the rich body of writings on the subject, dozens of
new accounts collected by me, but mostly archive material unknown earlier to historians
that was created by local communist party chapters and law enforcement agencies, I was
practically able to write a new book. This time I decided not to structure it in a chrono¬
logical order, but perhaps in a little more difficult way for the reader, to make a cross-
section of the material by focusing on selected problems. I think this will provide a more
comprehensive description and offer a more profound analysis. The social and political
crisis of
termined by different events which often had nothing in common with one another, ex¬
cept for the fact that they took place at the same place and time (i.e. in Poland in
Regardless of the fact that they had in fact started a few months earlier and finished a few
month later, it is conventionally called the crisis of March
Everything that happened then provided a very important experience for a big part
of Polish intellectuals. However, the fact is that different people perceived March
in a different way by paying attention to these aspects that concerned them personally.
Thus for many people who were attending university in
student protest known as "the March events". The most memorable events for them are
strikes, student demonstrations and rallies which spread to all the colleges.
1
758
The student revolt lasted at least three weeks. Tens of thousands of people were in¬
volved, of whom according to the official information,
In their freedom slogans, students mostly usually used a left-wing phraseology.
They fought first of all for democratization and liberalization of the system and the
right to live in truth. Not surprisingly, the wave of youth protests, its sources and se¬
quence of events, takes pride of place in my book. Five chapters (ii, v,
devoted to these problems and they make up over one third of the whole. It seems jus¬
tified, considering that many participants of those events have been convinced until
now that March influenced their further lives. "The March events" have also contri¬
buted to the creation of "Generation
tive in the anti-communist opposition and in
sors of Solidarity.
However, it was not the only trend in Poland in
observe a shameful anti-Semitic media campaign, which the regime tried in vain to dis¬
guise as Anti-Zionism. The communist activists who stage-managed this campaign prob¬
ably gave little thought to how world opinion would react to the fact that
fore, Nazi-occupied Poland has been the scene of the Holocaust. The world reacted very
badly. The
of this, Poland won a bad name in a number of western countries.
At the same time, a lot of Polish Jews were dismissed from the communist party. They
also lost their jobs. Most of them decided to emigrate. By
ed. A lot of them were highly qualified people with broad professional experience.
Ironically, many of the exiles had become assimilated, to the point that they felt they
had little in common with Jewishness. A sizeable proportion of the exiles became affect¬
ed by the communist regime's propaganda which questioned their right to be part of the
Polish nation. They preferred to use the term "I am from Poland" to "I am Polish". Some
of the Jews forced into exile, who had been assimilated for a long time, openly returned
to their Jewish roots in
is devoted to the sources, course and consequences of the anti-Semitic campaign that
started in
traces of anti-Zionist actions in almost all the other chapters.
Then for numerous representatives of the world of culture, science and the arts,
March
were attacked brutally in the media. The common trait of this media campaign was that
it followed the example of communist party leaders by accusing artists and scientists
not only of the lack of moral and ideological values, but also by questioning their pro¬
fessional qualifications. At the same time new names appeared on the intellectual scene.
They owed their rapid rise to prominence not so much to their abilities, but to their read¬
iness to follow the communist party line. As leading academics were being kicked out
of universities, unscrupulous opportunists were being promoted.
Numerous books by authors known to be political dissidents were banned, no mat¬
ter how advanced their work was. All their books that had already been printed were de¬
stroyed. Those at the type-setting stage were left unpublished. The censorship did not
let release the films regarded officially as anti-Polish. Among others there was the film
"Rassenschande
759
just a few weeks earlier. This film was made in co-operation with a West Berlin producer
and dealt with the problem of sexual relations between Germans and other nationalities
and races banned by the Nazi law.
Due to the significance of these issues, I devoted the extensive chapter
to them, including the attitude of intellectuals to the communist regime, the attitude
of government representatives to intellectuals (not just in
policy pursued by the communists in the late
Despite the time that has elapsed since
events" is the in-fighting within the communist party leadership. In the
mal group of party activists was formed under the leadership of interior minister general
Mieczysław Moczar.
bers of this group fought in the communist underground army during the Second World
War. The position and influence of this group grew as time passed. They used populist,
anti-intellectual, anti-Semitic and nationalist slogans to justify their drive toward autho¬
ritarianism.
In spite of considerable progress in studies on the recent Polish political history,
and in spite of the availability of earlier unknown documents, it is still impossible to
determine
Władysław Gomułka
command" or "the power behind the throne". I devoted the entire chapter
straggle within the communist party leadership. Echoes of this power straggle can also
be found in other parts of the book.
This holds particularly
1967-1968,
outlines the attitude of lay Catholics, priests and above all the leaders of the Polish
Roman Catholic church to those events.
However, events that took place in Poland cannot be treated in isolation from the in¬
ternational context. Naturally, whatever happened in Poland in
the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia, which happened roughly at the same time,
and which in some ways was connected with Polish developments. On the one hand,
Polish students and intellectuals referred to the same freedom slogans as their Czech and
Slovak colleagues. On the other hand, Polish soldiers took part in crushing the Prague
Spring in August
Along with East German leader Walter
Gomułka
even with the use of armed Warsaw Pact troops. I wrote about the international aspects
of the events of
significantly entitled "Warsaw Prague Moscow."
transi. |
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| geographic_facet | Polska - 1968 (Wydarzenia marcowe) Polen Poland History 1945-1980 |
| id | DE-604.BV021710113 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T15:20:09Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:42:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 8360464022 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014923945 |
| oclc_num | 76769102 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 809 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu |
| spelling | Eisler, Jerzy 1952- Verfasser (DE-588)103386416 aut Polski rok 1968 Jerzy Eisler Warszawa Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu 2006 809 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu 22 Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Geschichte 1968 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Nineteen sixty-eight, A.D Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Polska - 1968 (Wydarzenia marcowe) jhpk Polen Poland History 1945-1980 Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s Geschichte 1968 z DE-604 Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu Monografie 22 (DE-604)BV017143574 22 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014923945&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014923945&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Eisler, Jerzy 1952- Polski rok 1968 Geschichte Nineteen sixty-eight, A.D Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Polski rok 1968 |
| title_auth | Polski rok 1968 |
| title_exact_search | Polski rok 1968 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Polski rok 1968 |
| title_full | Polski rok 1968 Jerzy Eisler |
| title_fullStr | Polski rok 1968 Jerzy Eisler |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polski rok 1968 Jerzy Eisler |
| title_short | Polski rok 1968 |
| title_sort | polski rok 1968 |
| topic | Geschichte Nineteen sixty-eight, A.D Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Nineteen sixty-eight, A.D Politik Polska - 1968 (Wydarzenia marcowe) Polen Poland History 1945-1980 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014923945&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014923945&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV017143574 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eislerjerzy polskirok1968 |