An introduction to language:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston
Thomson Wadsworth
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 8. ed., internat. student ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 586 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781413023169 1413017738 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a An introduction to language |c Victoria Fromkin ; Robert Rodman ; Nina Hyams |
| 250 | |a 8. ed., internat. student ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boston |b Thomson Wadsworth |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 586 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Linguistik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sprache | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Language and languages | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Linguistics | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135462102630400 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS PREFACE XV ABOUT THE AUTHORS XXI THE NATURE OF HUMAN LANGUAGE
WHAT IS LANGUAGE? 3 LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE 4 KNOWLEDGE OF THE SOUND SYSTEM
4 KNOWLEDGE OF WORDS 5 ARBITRARY RELATION OF FORM AND MEANING 5 THE
CREATIVITY OF LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE 8 KNOWLEDGE OF SENTENCES AND
NONSENTENCES 10 LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE AND PERFORMANCE 11 WHAL IS GRAMMAR?
13 DCSCRIPTIVE GRAMMARS 13 PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMARS 14 TEACHING GRAMMARS 16
LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS 17 THE DEVELOPMENT OF GRAMMAR 18 SIGN LANGUAGES:
EVIDENCE FOR THE INNATENESS OF LANGUAGE 19 AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE 20
ANIMAL LANGUAGES 21 TALKING PARROTS 22 THE BIRDS AND THE BEES 23
LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT 25 WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT LANGUAGE 28 SUMMARY 29
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READING 31 EXERCISES 31 BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 35 THE
HUMAN BRAIN 36 THE LOCALIZATION OF LANGUAGE IN THE BRAIN 37 APHASIA 38
BRAIN IMAGING TECHNOLOGY 43 BRAIN PLASTICITY AND LATERALIZAUEON IN EARLY
LIFE 45 SPLIT BRAINS 4 6 OTHER EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE OF BRAIN
ORGANIZATION 48 THE AUTONOMY OF LANGUAGE 49 OTHER DISSOCIATIONS OF
LANGUAGE AND COGNITION 50 LAURA 50 CHRISTOPHER 51 VI N CONTENTS GENETIC
BASIS OF LANGUAGE 52 LANGUAGE AND SSRAIN DEVELOPMENT 52 THE CRITICAL
PERIOD 53 A CRITICAL PERIOD FOR BIRD SONG 55 THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE
56 IN THE BEGINNING: THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE 57 GOD S GIFT TO MANKIND? 58
THE FIRST LANGUAGE 58 HUMAN INVENTION OR THE CRIES OFNATURE? 59 THE
DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE IN THE SPEDES 60 SUMMARY 61 REFERENCES FOR
FURTHER READING EXERCISES 64 63 GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE
MORPHOLOGY: THE WORDS OF LANGUAGE 71 DICTIONARIES 73 CONTENT WORDS AND
FUNCTION WORDS 74 MORPHEMES: THE MINIMAL UNITS OF MEANING 76 BOUND AND
FRCE MORPHEMES 78 PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 78 INFIXES 80 CIRCUMFIXES 81
ROOTS AND STERNS 81 HUCKLCS AND CEIVCS 82 RULES OF WORD FORMATION 83
DERIVAUEONAL MORPHOLOGY 84 THE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF WORDS 84 MORE
ABOUT DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES 86 LEXICAL GAPS 88 RULC PRODUCTIVITY 89
PULLET SURPRISES 91 SIGN LANGUAGE MORPHOLOGY 91 WORD COINAGE 92 WORDS
FROM NAMES 93 BACK-FORMATIONS 94 COMPOUNDS 95 MEANING OF COMPOUNDS 96
UNIVERSALITY OF COMPOUNDING 97 BLENDS 97 REDUCED WORDS 98 INFLECLIONAL
MORPHEMES 98 EXCEPTIONS AND SUPPLETIONS 100 MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX 101
MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: IDENTIFYING MORPHEMES 103 SUMMARY 105 REFERENCES
FOR FURTHER READING 106 EXERCISES 107 CHARTER 4 SYNTAX: THE SENTENCE
PATTERNS OF LANGUAGE 115 WHAT THE SYNTAX RULES DO WHAT GRARAMATICALITY
IS NOT BASED ON 120 116 CONTENTS IX SENTENCE STRUCTURE 121 CONSTITUENTS
AND CONSTITUENCY TESTS 122 SYNTACTIC CATCGORIES 124 PHRASE STRUCTURE
TREES AND RULES 127 SOME CONVENTIONS FOR BUILDING PHRASE STRUCTURE TREES
131 THE INFINITY OF LANGUAGE 13 3 HEADS AND COMPLEMENTS 139 SELECUEON 140
WHAT HEADS THE SENTENCE 142 STRUCTURAL AMBIGUITIES 145 MORE STRUCTURES
147 SENTENCE RELATEDNESS 150 TRANSFORMATIONAL RULES 150
STRUCTURE-DEPENDENT RULES 152 SYNTACTIC DEPENDENCIES 155 WH QUESUEONS 155
UG PRINCIPLCS AND PARAMETERS 158 SIGN LANGUAGE SYNTAX 161 SUMMARY 162
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READING 163 EXERCISES 163 THE MEANING OF LANGUAGE
173 WHAT SPEAKERS KNOW ABOUT SENTENCE MEANING 174 TRUTH 175 ENTAUEMENT
AND RELATED NOTIONS 175 AMBIGUITY 176 COMPOSITIONAL SEMANTICS 178
SEMANTIC RULES 178 SEMANTK RUTE I 179 SEMANTIC RUTE II 180 WHEN
COMPOSITIONALITY GOES AWRY 181 ANOMALY 181 METAPHOR 183 IDIOMS 184
LEXICAL SEMANTICS (WORD MEANINGS) 186 THEORIES OF WORD MEANING 187
REFERENCE 187 SENSE 188 LEXICAL RELATIONS 189 SEMANTIC FEATURES 192
EVIDENCE FOR SEMANTIC FEATURES 193 SEMANTIC FEATURES AND GRAMMAR 193
ARGUMENT STRUCTURE 197 THEMATIC ROLES 197 PRAGMATICS 199 PRONOUNS 200
PRONOUNS AND SYNTAX 200 PRONOUNS AND DISCOURSE 201 DEIXIS 202 MORE ON
SITUATIONAL CONTCXT 204 MAXIMS OF CONVERSATION 204 IMPLICATURES 205
SPEECH AAS 206 SUMMARY 208 REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READING 209 EXERCISES
210 PHONETICS: THE SOUNDS OF LANGUAGE 221 SOUND SEGMENTS 221 IDCNTITY OF
SPEECH SOUNDS 222 THE PHONETIC ALPHABET 223 ARTICULATORY PHONETICS 226
CONSONANTS 227 PLACES OF ARTKULATION 227 MANNER OF ARTICULATION 229
PHONETIC SYMBOLS FOR AMERICAN ENGLISH CONSONANTS 234 CONTENTS VOWELS 236
LIP ROUNDING 238 DIPHTHONGS 238 NASALIZATION OF VOWELS 239 TENSE AND LAX
VOWELS 239 DIFFERENT (TONGUE) STROKES FOR DIFFERENT VOLKS 240 MAJOR
PHONETIC CLASSES 240 NONCONTINUANTS AND CONTINUANTS 240 OBSTRUENTS AND
SONORANTS 241 CONSONANTAL 241 SYLLABK SOUNDS 241 PROSODIC FEATURES 242
TONE AND INTONATION 243 PHONCTIC SYMBOLS AND SPELLING CORRESPONDENCES
245 THE PHONETICS OF SIGNED LANGUAGCS 247 SUMMARY 249 REFERENCES FOR
FURTHER READING 250 EXERCISES 250 PHONOLOGY: THE SOUND PATTERNS OF
LANGUAGE 255 THE PRONUNCIATION OF MORPHEMES 256 THE PRONUNCIATION OF
PLURALS 256 ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES OF ALLOMORPHS 259 PHONEMES: THE
PHONOLOGICAL UNITS OF LANGUAGE 261 VOWEL NASALIZATION IN ENGLISH AS AN
ILLUSTRATION OF ALLOPHONES 261 ALLOPHONES OF L L 263 MINIMAL PAIRS IN
ASL 264 COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION 264 DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF PHONEMES
266 FEATURE VALUES 267 NONDISTINCTIVE FEATURES 268 PHONEMIC PATTERNS MAY
VARY ACROSS LANGUAGES 26 9 NATURAL CLASSES OF SPEECH SOUNDS 270 FEATURE
SPECIFICATIONS FOR AMERICAN ENGLISH CONSONANTS AND VOWELS 271 THE RULES
OF PHONOLOGY 273 ASSIMILATION RULES 274 DISSIMILATION RULES 276
FEATURE-CHANGING RULES 277 SEGMENT INSERTION AND DELETION RULES 278
MOVEMENT (METATHESIS) RULES 281 FROM ONE TO MANY AND FROM MANY TO ONE
282 THE FUNCLION OF PHONOLOGICAL RULES 284 SLIPS OF THE TONGUE: EVIDENCE
FOR PHONOLOGICAL RULES 285 PROSODIC PHONOLOGY 286 SYLLABLE STRUCTURE 286
WORD STRESS 287 SENTENCE AND PHRASE STRESS 288 INTONATION 289 SEQUENTIAL
CONSTRAINTS OF PHONEMES 290 LEXICAL GAPS 292 WHY DO PHONOLOGICAL RULES
EXIST? 292 PHONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: DISCOVERING PHONEMES 294 SUMMARY 297
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READINJ EXERCISES 299 299 CONTENTS XI PART 3 THE
PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGE CHARTER 8 LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 313 MECHANISMS OF
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 314 DO CHILDREN LEARN THROUGH IMITATION? 314 DO
CHILDREN LEARN THROUGH REINFORCEMENT? 315 DO CHILDREN LEARN LANGUAGE
THROUGH ANALOGY? 316 DO CHILDREN LEARN IHROUGH STRUCTURED INPUT? 318
CHILDREN CONSTRUCT GRAMMARS 318 THE INNATENESS HYPOTHESIS 319 STAGES IN
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 322 THE PERCEPTION AND PRODUCTION OF SPEECH SOUNDS
323 FIRST WORDS 325 THE DEVELOPMENT OF GRAMMAR 326 THE ACQUISITION OF
PHONOLOGY 326 THE ACQUISITION OF WORD MEANING 328 THE ACQUISITION OF
MORPHOLOGY 330 THE ACQUISITION OF SYNTAX 332 THE ACQUISITION OF
PRAGMAUECS 336 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUXILIARIES: A CASE STUDY 33 7 SETTING
PARAMETERS 340 THE ACQUISITION OF SIGNED LANGUAGES 341 KNOWING MORE THAN
ONE LANGUAGE 342 CHILDHOOD BILINGUALISM 343 THEORIES OF BILINGUAL
DEVELOPMENT 343 TWO MONOLINGUALS IN ONE HEAD 345 THE ROLE OF INPUT 345
COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF BILINGUALISM 346 SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 346 75
L2 ACQUISITION THE SAME AS LL ACQUISITION? 346 NATIVE LANGUAGE INFLUENCE
IN L2 ACQUISITION 348 THE CREATIVE COMPONENT OF L2 ACQUISITION 349 H
THERE A CRITICAL PERIOD FOR L2 ACQUISITION? 350 SECOND-LANGUAGE TEACHING
METHODS 351 CAN CHIMPS LEARN HUMAN LANGUAGE? 352 SUMMARY 356 REFERENCES
FOR FURTHER READING 358 EXERCISES 358 LANGUAGE PROCESSING: HUMANS AND
COMPUTERS 363 THE HUMAN MIND AT WORK: HUMAN LANGUAGE PROCESSING 363
COMPREHENSION 365 THE SPEECH SIGNAL 365 SPEECH PERCEPTION AND
COMPREHENSION 367 BOTTOM-UP AND TOP-DOWN MODELS 369 LEXICAL ACCESS AND
WORD RECOGNIUEON 370 SYNTACUEC PROCESSING 372 SPEECH PRODUCTION 374
PLANNING UNITS 375 LEXICAL SELECTION 376 X71 CONTENTS APPLICATION AND
MISAPPLICATION OFRULES 377 NONLINGUISTIC INFLUENCES 378 COMPUTER
PROCESSING OF HUMAN LANGUAGE 378 FREQUENCY ANALYSIS, CONCORDANCES, AND
COLLOCATIONS 378 INFORMATION RETRIEVAL AND SUMMARIZATION 380 SPEI]
CHECKERS 381 MACHINE TRANSLATION 381 COMPUTERS THAT TALK AND LISTEN 383
COMPUTATIONAL PHONETKS AND PHONOLOGY 384 COMPUTATIONAL MORPHOLOGY 388
COMPUTATIONAL SYNTAX 389 COMPUTATIONAL SEMANTICS 394 COMPUTATIONAL
PRAGMATICS 396 COMPUTER MODELS OF GRAMMAR 397 SUMMARY 398 REFERENCES FOR
FURTHER READING 400 EXERCISES 401 PART 4 LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY CHAPTER 10
LANGUAGE IN SOCIETY 409 DIALECTS 409 REGIONAL DIALECTS 410 ACCENTS 411
DIALECTS OF ENSSLISH 411 SOCIAL DIALECTS 417 THE STANDARD 418 AFRKARI
AMERICAN ENSSLISH 423 LATINO (HISPANLC) ENSSLISH 427 GENDERLECTS 430
SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS 431 LANGUAGES IN CONTACT 432 LINGUA FRANCAS 433
PIDGINS 434 CREOLES 436 LANGUAGE IN USE 437 STYLES 438 SLANG 439 JARGON
AND ARGOT 440 TABOO OR NOT TABOO? 442 EUPHEMISMS 444 RACIAL AND NATIONAL
EPITHETS 446 LANGUAGE AND SEXISM 447 MARKED AND UNMARKED FORMS 448 THE
GENERIC HE 450 SECRET LANGUAGES AND LANGUAGE GAMES 451 SUMMARY 452
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READING 453 EXERCISES 454 CHAPTER 11 LANGUAGE
CHANGE: THE SYLLABLES OFTIME 461 THE REGULARITY OF SOUND CHANGE 463
SOUND CORRESPONDENCES 463 ANCESTRAL PROTOLANGUAGES 463 PHONOLOGICAL
CHANGE 464 PHONOLOGICAL RULES 465 THE GREAT VOWEL SHIFT 466 CONTENTS *
XIII MORPHO OGICAL CHANGE 467 SYNTACTIC CHANGE 468 LEXICAL CHANGE 472
ADDITION OF NEW WORDS 473 BORROWINGS OR LOAN WORDS 474 HISTORY THROUGH
LOAN WORDS 474 LOSS OF WORDS 476 SEMANTIC CHANGE 477 BROADENING 47 7
NARROWING 477 MEANING SHIFIS 478 RECONSTRUCTING DEAD LANGUAGES 478 THE
NINETEENTH-CENTURY COMPARAIIVISIS 478 COGNATES 480 COMPARATIVE
RECONSTRUCTION 482 HISTORICAL EVIDENCE 484 EXTINCT AND ENDANGERED
LANGUAGES 485 THE GENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGES 487 LANGUAGES OF
THE WORLD 490 TYPES OF LANGUAGES 492 WHY DO LANGUAGES CHANGE? 494
SUMMARY 496 REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READING 497 EXERCISES 498 WRITING:
THE ABCS OF LANGUAGE 505 THE HISTORY OF WRITING 506 PICTOGRAMS AND
IDEOGRAMS 506 CUNEIFORM WRITING 508 THE REBUS PRINCIPLE 510 FROM
HIEROGLYPHICS TO THE ALPHABET 511 MODERN WRITING SYSTEMS 512 WORD
WRITING 513 SYLLABIC WRITING 514 CONSONANTAL ALPHABET WRITING 515
ALPHABETIC WRITING 516 READING, WRITING, AND SPEECH 518 READING 521
SPELLING 523 SPELLING PRONUNCIATIONS 526 SUMMARY 527 REFERENCES FOR
FURTHER READING 528 EXERCISES 529 535 567
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS PREFACE XV ABOUT THE AUTHORS XXI THE NATURE OF HUMAN LANGUAGE
WHAT IS LANGUAGE? 3 LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE 4 KNOWLEDGE OF THE SOUND SYSTEM
4 KNOWLEDGE OF WORDS 5 ARBITRARY RELATION OF FORM AND MEANING 5 THE
CREATIVITY OF LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE 8 KNOWLEDGE OF SENTENCES AND
NONSENTENCES 10 LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE AND PERFORMANCE 11 WHAL IS GRAMMAR?
13 DCSCRIPTIVE GRAMMARS 13 PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMARS 14 TEACHING GRAMMARS 16
LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS 17 THE DEVELOPMENT OF GRAMMAR 18 SIGN LANGUAGES:
EVIDENCE FOR THE INNATENESS OF LANGUAGE 19 AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE 20
ANIMAL "LANGUAGES" 21 "TALKING" PARROTS 22 THE BIRDS AND THE BEES 23
LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT 25 WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT LANGUAGE 28 SUMMARY 29
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READING 31 EXERCISES 31 BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 35 THE
HUMAN BRAIN 36 THE LOCALIZATION OF LANGUAGE IN THE BRAIN 37 APHASIA 38
BRAIN IMAGING TECHNOLOGY 43 BRAIN PLASTICITY AND LATERALIZAUEON IN EARLY
LIFE 45 SPLIT BRAINS 4 6 OTHER EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE OF BRAIN
ORGANIZATION 48 THE AUTONOMY OF LANGUAGE 49 OTHER DISSOCIATIONS OF
LANGUAGE AND COGNITION 50 LAURA 50 CHRISTOPHER 51 VI N CONTENTS GENETIC
BASIS OF LANGUAGE 52 LANGUAGE AND SSRAIN DEVELOPMENT 52 THE CRITICAL
PERIOD 53 A CRITICAL PERIOD FOR BIRD SONG 55 THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE
56 IN THE BEGINNING: THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE 57 GOD'S GIFT TO MANKIND? 58
THE FIRST LANGUAGE 58 HUMAN INVENTION OR THE CRIES OFNATURE? 59 THE
DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE IN THE SPEDES 60 SUMMARY 61 REFERENCES FOR
FURTHER READING EXERCISES 64 63 GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE
MORPHOLOGY: THE WORDS OF LANGUAGE 71 DICTIONARIES 73 CONTENT WORDS AND
FUNCTION WORDS 74 MORPHEMES: THE MINIMAL UNITS OF MEANING 76 BOUND AND
FRCE MORPHEMES 78 PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 78 INFIXES 80 CIRCUMFIXES 81
ROOTS AND STERNS 81 HUCKLCS AND CEIVCS 82 RULES OF WORD FORMATION 83
DERIVAUEONAL MORPHOLOGY 84 THE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF WORDS 84 MORE
ABOUT DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES 86 LEXICAL GAPS 88 RULC PRODUCTIVITY 89
"PULLET SURPRISES" 91 SIGN LANGUAGE MORPHOLOGY 91 WORD COINAGE 92 WORDS
FROM NAMES 93 BACK-FORMATIONS 94 COMPOUNDS 95 MEANING OF COMPOUNDS 96
UNIVERSALITY OF COMPOUNDING 97 BLENDS 97 REDUCED WORDS 98 INFLECLIONAL
MORPHEMES 98 EXCEPTIONS AND SUPPLETIONS 100 MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX 101
MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: IDENTIFYING MORPHEMES 103 SUMMARY 105 REFERENCES
FOR FURTHER READING 106 EXERCISES 107 CHARTER 4 SYNTAX: THE SENTENCE
PATTERNS OF LANGUAGE 115 WHAT THE SYNTAX RULES DO WHAT GRARAMATICALITY
IS NOT BASED ON 120 116 CONTENTS IX SENTENCE STRUCTURE 121 CONSTITUENTS
AND CONSTITUENCY TESTS 122 SYNTACTIC CATCGORIES 124 PHRASE STRUCTURE
TREES AND RULES 127 SOME CONVENTIONS FOR BUILDING PHRASE STRUCTURE TREES
131 THE INFINITY OF LANGUAGE 13 3 HEADS AND COMPLEMENTS 139 SELECUEON 140
WHAT HEADS THE SENTENCE 142 STRUCTURAL AMBIGUITIES 145 MORE STRUCTURES
147 SENTENCE RELATEDNESS 150 TRANSFORMATIONAL RULES 150
STRUCTURE-DEPENDENT RULES 152 SYNTACTIC DEPENDENCIES 155 WH QUESUEONS 155
UG PRINCIPLCS AND PARAMETERS 158 SIGN LANGUAGE SYNTAX 161 SUMMARY 162
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READING 163 EXERCISES 163 THE MEANING OF LANGUAGE
173 WHAT SPEAKERS KNOW ABOUT SENTENCE MEANING 174 TRUTH 175 ENTAUEMENT
AND RELATED NOTIONS 175 AMBIGUITY 176 COMPOSITIONAL SEMANTICS 178
SEMANTIC RULES 178 SEMANTK RUTE I 179 SEMANTIC RUTE II 180 WHEN
COMPOSITIONALITY GOES AWRY 181 ANOMALY 181 METAPHOR 183 IDIOMS 184
LEXICAL SEMANTICS (WORD MEANINGS) 186 THEORIES OF WORD MEANING 187
REFERENCE 187 SENSE 188 LEXICAL RELATIONS 189 SEMANTIC FEATURES 192
EVIDENCE FOR SEMANTIC FEATURES 193 SEMANTIC FEATURES AND GRAMMAR 193
ARGUMENT STRUCTURE 197 THEMATIC ROLES 197 PRAGMATICS 199 PRONOUNS 200
PRONOUNS AND SYNTAX 200 PRONOUNS AND DISCOURSE 201 DEIXIS 202 MORE ON
SITUATIONAL CONTCXT 204 MAXIMS OF CONVERSATION 204 IMPLICATURES 205
SPEECH AAS 206 SUMMARY 208 REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READING 209 EXERCISES
210 PHONETICS: THE SOUNDS OF LANGUAGE 221 SOUND SEGMENTS 221 IDCNTITY OF
SPEECH SOUNDS 222 THE PHONETIC ALPHABET 223 ARTICULATORY PHONETICS 226
CONSONANTS 227 PLACES OF ARTKULATION 227 MANNER OF ARTICULATION 229
PHONETIC SYMBOLS FOR AMERICAN ENGLISH CONSONANTS 234 CONTENTS VOWELS 236
LIP ROUNDING 238 DIPHTHONGS 238 NASALIZATION OF VOWELS 239 TENSE AND LAX
VOWELS 239 DIFFERENT (TONGUE) STROKES FOR DIFFERENT VOLKS 240 MAJOR
PHONETIC CLASSES 240 NONCONTINUANTS AND CONTINUANTS 240 OBSTRUENTS AND
SONORANTS 241 CONSONANTAL 241 SYLLABK SOUNDS 241 PROSODIC FEATURES 242
TONE AND INTONATION 243 PHONCTIC SYMBOLS AND SPELLING CORRESPONDENCES
245 THE "PHONETICS" OF SIGNED LANGUAGCS 247 SUMMARY 249 REFERENCES FOR
FURTHER READING 250 EXERCISES 250 PHONOLOGY: THE SOUND PATTERNS OF
LANGUAGE 255 THE PRONUNCIATION OF MORPHEMES 256 THE PRONUNCIATION OF
PLURALS 256 ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES OF ALLOMORPHS 259 PHONEMES: THE
PHONOLOGICAL UNITS OF LANGUAGE 261 VOWEL NASALIZATION IN ENGLISH AS AN
ILLUSTRATION OF ALLOPHONES 261 ALLOPHONES OF L\L 263 MINIMAL PAIRS IN
ASL 264 COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION 264 DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF PHONEMES
266 FEATURE VALUES 267 NONDISTINCTIVE FEATURES 268 PHONEMIC PATTERNS MAY
VARY ACROSS LANGUAGES 26 9 NATURAL CLASSES OF SPEECH SOUNDS 270 FEATURE
SPECIFICATIONS FOR AMERICAN ENGLISH CONSONANTS AND VOWELS 271 THE RULES
OF PHONOLOGY 273 ASSIMILATION RULES 274 DISSIMILATION RULES 276
FEATURE-CHANGING RULES 277 SEGMENT INSERTION AND DELETION RULES 278
MOVEMENT (METATHESIS) RULES 281 FROM ONE TO MANY AND FROM MANY TO ONE
282 THE FUNCLION OF PHONOLOGICAL RULES 284 SLIPS OF THE TONGUE: EVIDENCE
FOR PHONOLOGICAL RULES 285 PROSODIC PHONOLOGY 286 SYLLABLE STRUCTURE 286
WORD STRESS 287 SENTENCE AND PHRASE STRESS 288 INTONATION 289 SEQUENTIAL
CONSTRAINTS OF PHONEMES 290 LEXICAL GAPS 292 WHY DO PHONOLOGICAL RULES
EXIST? 292 PHONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: DISCOVERING PHONEMES 294 SUMMARY 297
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READINJ EXERCISES 299 299 CONTENTS XI PART 3 THE
PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGE CHARTER 8 LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 313 MECHANISMS OF
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 314 DO CHILDREN LEARN THROUGH IMITATION? 314 DO
CHILDREN LEARN THROUGH REINFORCEMENT? 315 DO CHILDREN LEARN LANGUAGE
THROUGH ANALOGY? 316 DO CHILDREN LEARN IHROUGH STRUCTURED INPUT? 318
CHILDREN CONSTRUCT GRAMMARS 318 THE INNATENESS HYPOTHESIS 319 STAGES IN
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 322 THE PERCEPTION AND PRODUCTION OF SPEECH SOUNDS
323 FIRST WORDS 325 THE DEVELOPMENT OF GRAMMAR 326 THE ACQUISITION OF
PHONOLOGY 326 THE ACQUISITION OF WORD MEANING 328 THE ACQUISITION OF
MORPHOLOGY 330 THE ACQUISITION OF SYNTAX 332 THE ACQUISITION OF
PRAGMAUECS 336 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUXILIARIES: A CASE STUDY 33 7 SETTING
PARAMETERS 340 THE ACQUISITION OF SIGNED LANGUAGES 341 KNOWING MORE THAN
ONE LANGUAGE 342 CHILDHOOD BILINGUALISM 343 THEORIES OF BILINGUAL
DEVELOPMENT 343 TWO MONOLINGUALS IN ONE HEAD 345 THE ROLE OF INPUT 345
COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF BILINGUALISM 346 SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 346 75
L2 ACQUISITION THE SAME AS LL ACQUISITION? 346 NATIVE LANGUAGE INFLUENCE
IN L2 ACQUISITION 348 THE CREATIVE COMPONENT OF L2 ACQUISITION 349 H
THERE A CRITICAL PERIOD FOR L2 ACQUISITION? 350 SECOND-LANGUAGE TEACHING
METHODS 351 CAN CHIMPS LEARN HUMAN LANGUAGE? 352 SUMMARY 356 REFERENCES
FOR FURTHER READING 358 EXERCISES 358 LANGUAGE PROCESSING: HUMANS AND
COMPUTERS 363 THE HUMAN MIND AT WORK: HUMAN LANGUAGE PROCESSING 363
COMPREHENSION 365 THE SPEECH SIGNAL 365 SPEECH PERCEPTION AND
COMPREHENSION 367 BOTTOM-UP AND TOP-DOWN MODELS 369 LEXICAL ACCESS AND
WORD RECOGNIUEON 370 SYNTACUEC PROCESSING 372 SPEECH PRODUCTION 374
PLANNING UNITS 375 LEXICAL SELECTION 376 X71 CONTENTS APPLICATION AND
MISAPPLICATION OFRULES 377 NONLINGUISTIC INFLUENCES 378 COMPUTER
PROCESSING OF HUMAN LANGUAGE 378 FREQUENCY ANALYSIS, CONCORDANCES, AND
COLLOCATIONS 378 INFORMATION RETRIEVAL AND SUMMARIZATION 380 SPEI]
CHECKERS 381 MACHINE TRANSLATION 381 COMPUTERS THAT TALK AND LISTEN 383
COMPUTATIONAL PHONETKS AND PHONOLOGY 384 COMPUTATIONAL MORPHOLOGY 388
COMPUTATIONAL SYNTAX 389 COMPUTATIONAL SEMANTICS 394 COMPUTATIONAL
PRAGMATICS 396 COMPUTER MODELS OF GRAMMAR 397 SUMMARY 398 REFERENCES FOR
FURTHER READING 400 EXERCISES 401 PART 4 LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY CHAPTER 10
LANGUAGE IN SOCIETY 409 DIALECTS 409 REGIONAL DIALECTS 410 ACCENTS 411
DIALECTS OF ENSSLISH 411 SOCIAL DIALECTS 417 THE "STANDARD" 418 AFRKARI
AMERICAN ENSSLISH 423 LATINO (HISPANLC) ENSSLISH 427 GENDERLECTS 430
SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS 431 LANGUAGES IN CONTACT 432 LINGUA FRANCAS 433
PIDGINS 434 CREOLES 436 LANGUAGE IN USE 437 STYLES 438 SLANG 439 JARGON
AND ARGOT 440 TABOO OR NOT TABOO? 442 EUPHEMISMS 444 RACIAL AND NATIONAL
EPITHETS 446 LANGUAGE AND SEXISM 447 MARKED AND UNMARKED FORMS 448 THE
GENERIC "HE" 450 SECRET LANGUAGES AND LANGUAGE GAMES 451 SUMMARY 452
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READING 453 EXERCISES 454 CHAPTER 11 LANGUAGE
CHANGE: THE SYLLABLES OFTIME 461 THE REGULARITY OF SOUND CHANGE 463
SOUND CORRESPONDENCES 463 ANCESTRAL PROTOLANGUAGES 463 PHONOLOGICAL
CHANGE 464 PHONOLOGICAL RULES 465 THE GREAT VOWEL SHIFT 466 CONTENTS *
XIII MORPHO'OGICAL CHANGE 467 SYNTACTIC CHANGE 468 LEXICAL CHANGE 472
ADDITION OF NEW WORDS 473 BORROWINGS OR LOAN WORDS 474 HISTORY THROUGH
LOAN WORDS 474 LOSS OF WORDS 476 SEMANTIC CHANGE 477 BROADENING 47 7
NARROWING 477 MEANING SHIFIS 478 RECONSTRUCTING "DEAD" LANGUAGES 478 THE
NINETEENTH-CENTURY COMPARAIIVISIS 478 COGNATES 480 COMPARATIVE
RECONSTRUCTION 482 HISTORICAL EVIDENCE 484 EXTINCT AND ENDANGERED
LANGUAGES 485 THE GENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGES 487 LANGUAGES OF
THE WORLD 490 TYPES OF LANGUAGES 492 WHY DO LANGUAGES CHANGE? 494
SUMMARY 496 REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READING 497 EXERCISES 498 WRITING:
THE ABCS OF LANGUAGE 505 THE HISTORY OF WRITING 506 PICTOGRAMS AND
IDEOGRAMS 506 CUNEIFORM WRITING 508 THE REBUS PRINCIPLE 510 FROM
HIEROGLYPHICS TO THE ALPHABET 511 MODERN WRITING SYSTEMS 512 WORD
WRITING 513 SYLLABIC WRITING 514 CONSONANTAL ALPHABET WRITING 515
ALPHABETIC WRITING 516 READING, WRITING, AND SPEECH 518 READING 521
SPELLING 523 SPELLING PRONUNCIATIONS 526 SUMMARY 527 REFERENCES FOR
FURTHER READING 528 EXERCISES 529 535 567 |
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| author | Fromkin, Victoria 1923-2000 Rodman, Robert Hyams, Nina 1952- |
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| callnumber-first | P - Language and Literature |
| callnumber-label | P107 |
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| callnumber-subject | P - Philology and Linguistics |
| classification_rvk | ER 550 HF 110 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)255451645 (DE-599)BVBBV021654138 |
| dewey-full | 400 |
| dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
| dewey-ones | 400 - Language |
| dewey-raw | 400 |
| dewey-search | 400 |
| dewey-sort | 3400 |
| dewey-tens | 400 - Language |
| discipline | Sprachwissenschaft Anglistik / Amerikanistik Literaturwissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Sprachwissenschaft Anglistik / Amerikanistik Literaturwissenschaft |
| edition | 8. ed., internat. student ed. |
| format | Book |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T15:03:52Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:40:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781413023169 1413017738 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Fromkin, Victoria 1923-2000 Verfasser (DE-588)11895573X aut An introduction to language Victoria Fromkin ; Robert Rodman ; Nina Hyams 8. ed., internat. student ed. Boston Thomson Wadsworth 2007 XXII, 586 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Linguistik Sprache Language and languages Linguistics Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd rswk-swf Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 s DE-604 Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 s Rodman, Robert Verfasser aut Hyams, Nina 1952- Verfasser (DE-588)1014416035 aut OEBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014868739&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fromkin, Victoria 1923-2000 Rodman, Robert Hyams, Nina 1952- An introduction to language Linguistik Sprache Language and languages Linguistics Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4014777-0 (DE-588)4074250-7 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | An introduction to language |
| title_auth | An introduction to language |
| title_exact_search | An introduction to language |
| title_exact_search_txtP | An introduction to language |
| title_full | An introduction to language Victoria Fromkin ; Robert Rodman ; Nina Hyams |
| title_fullStr | An introduction to language Victoria Fromkin ; Robert Rodman ; Nina Hyams |
| title_full_unstemmed | An introduction to language Victoria Fromkin ; Robert Rodman ; Nina Hyams |
| title_short | An introduction to language |
| title_sort | an introduction to language |
| topic | Linguistik Sprache Language and languages Linguistics Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Linguistik Sprache Language and languages Linguistics Englisch Einführung |
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