From Constantine to Charlemagne: an archaeology of Italy, AD 300 - 800
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Aldershot [u.a.]
Ashgate
2006
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents Rezension Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. [511]-569) and index |
| Beschreibung: | xvii, 586 S. Ill., Kt. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 1859284213 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a From Constantine to Charlemagne |b an archaeology of Italy, AD 300 - 800 |c Neil Christie |
| 264 | 1 | |a Aldershot [u.a.] |b Ashgate |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a xvii, 586 S. |b Ill., Kt. |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. [511]-569) and index | ||
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| 650 | 7 | |a Archeologie |2 gtt | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Rome |x History |y Germanic Invasions, 3rd-6th centuries | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Rome |x History |y Empire, 284-476 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Italy |x History |y 476-1268 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Italy |x Church history |y 476-1400 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents
List of Figures vii
Preface and Acknowledgements xv
Introduction 1
1 Sources and Contexts 15
Introduction 15
Historical Contexts 21
A Note on Populations, Identities and Provinces 57
2 Church and Society 73
Introduction 74
The Early Church and Late Roman Italian Society 80
Christianization I: The Urban Church 91
Christianization II: Rural Christianity 112
The Early Church: Forms, Siting and Materials 121
Church Roles in Ostrogothic and Lombard Italy 137
Burials 148
Relics and Pilgrims 156
Monasticism 164
Texts and the Church: Inscriptions, Epitaphs and Graffiti 174
3 Urban Evolutions 183
Sources of Evidence 186
The Fortunes of Towns 195
Natural and Human: Fortunes and Losses 198
War and Towns: Urban Shrinkage and Military Needs? 202
Christianized Cities 206
The Old in the New: Spolia and New Material Language of Towns 208
Public Spaces and Monuments: Patterns of Survival and Loss 214
Living Spaces 227
Water 246
Population Loss? Space and Burials 249
New Towns 263
Conclusions 268
vi FROM CONSTANTINE TO CHARLEMAGNE
4 Defence and Power 281
Introduction 282
Interpreting Town Defences and Frontiers 284
The Later Roman Army and Italy 300
The Redesigning of Defensive Architecture 319
Fourth Century Italian Frontiers 324
Fifth Century Retrenchments 331
Defences after Rome 348
5 Rural Settlement and Patterns of Change 401
Introduction 402
Modes of Roman Rural Settlement 406
The Impact of Field Survey 412
Late Roman Villas and Farms 428
Churches, Monasteries and Burials 442
Germans and the Land 451
Rural Insecurities and 'Private' Defence: Hills, Refuges and Caves 473
Environments, Economies and Bioarchaeologies 484
Rural Decay and Land Degradation: The Role of Climate Change 487
Conclusions 491
6 Conclusions Living (and Dying) in Late Antique and
Early Medieval Italy 497
People in the Past 497
The Plague: Horror and Historical Hesitation 500
Continuities, Changes, Transformations? 505
Divides and Mergers 507
Bibliography 511
Index 571
List of Figures
1 The Aurelianic walls of Rome: Porta S. Giovanni a generalized
image of the physical and mental transition from Roman to
late Roman and early medieval in Italy xvii
2 Porphyry marble statue of the Tetrarchs, walled into the side of the
S. Marco basilica, Venice 23
3 The Arch of Constantine at Rome: a mix of old and new symbols of
propaganda 25
4 A section of the fifth century city walls of Ravenna the new
capital of the West from the reign of Honorius 29
5 Ivory consular diptych of the consul and former Praetorian Prefect
Narius Manlius Boethius, distributing largesse (photo courtesy of
the Museo Civico dell'Eta Cristiana, Brescia n.inv. E58 563) 35
6 Map of the divisions of Italy as a result of the wars between
Byzantines and Lombards 43
7 Eighth century marble ciborium or ambo frieze from S. Salvatore,
Brescia, part of the high quality artistic output of the reign of
Liutprand (photo courtesy of the Museo Civico dell'Eta Cristiana,
Brescia n.inv. H688 6940) 47
8 Front panel of the 'Altar of Ratchis' at Cividale, depicting, albeit
in crude fashion, Christ surrounded by throngs of angels (photo
courtesy of Museo Nazionale, Cividale) 49
9 One of the early medieval towers of the walls of Benevento,
presumed to relate to a later eighth or ninth century refortification,
and linking to an expansion of building and cultural efforts at the
ducal centre 56
10 The provincial divisions of Italy under Augustus at the end of the
first century bc (after Potter 1987: 15) 66
11 The third and fourth century regional divisions of Italy 67
12 The division of Italy between the Annonaria and Suburbicaria
dioceses 68
13 Approximate organization of Italy's provinces following the
Justinianic reconquest of Italy from the Goths in c. ad 545 50,
including the disputed Alpes Apenninae province 70
14 Combined 1998 99 excavation, resistivity plans and air
photographic interpretation for the Constantinian episcopal basilica
viii FROM CONSTANTINE TO CHARLEMAGNE
and baptistery in the southern zone of Ostia. Numbers indicate
the location of trenches; dark lines signify excavated wall features.
(Plan reproduced with permission of Dr M. Heinzelmann, Bayerische
Akademie der Wissenschaften) 77
15 Plans of the late fourth and early fifth century church complexes at
Nola (after Trout 1999) 87
16 The church of S. Maria at Assisi, occupying the former temple of
Minerva(?) in the forum square (the present day square preserves the
outline of the forum; the original paved level of the latter can still be
accessed) 94
17 The churches of Rome in c. ad 500 103
18 Exterior of the seventh century church of S. Giorgio between the
Aventine and Palatine Hills 106
19 Plan of Milan in the late Empire, showing combination of imperial
and Christian monuments in the time of bishop Ambrose (after Potter
1987:205) 109
20 The Christian heart of Milan and the interpretative plan of the
episcopal quarter (after Lusuardi Siena 1997c) 110
21 Map of northern Apulia with key Roman and late antique sites
(in italics), noting also the location of the late antique complex at
Borgo S. Giusto (after Volpe 1998) 116
22 Early Christian basilica complex at Concordia; to the left, the later
cathedral 123
23 Colle di Zuca, Invillino view of the excavated late antique church
and priests' bench 125
24 Interior of the fifth century basilica of S. Sabina on the Aventine Hill,
Rome 127
25 The early fifth century octagonal baptistery at Albenga, Liguria;
note the eighth century carved window in the lower level 134
26 The Ostrogothic Arian cathedral of S. Spirito (left) in origin
bearing the dedication of S. Anastasia and its baptistery at Ravenna 139
27 Lucca eighth century churches and monasteries: locations and
dates of reference 145
28 Section of one of the stunning early eighth century marble plutei or
screens from the Monastero della Pusterla at Pavia previously
thought to be part of the sarcophagus of the abbess Theodota
(reproduced with permission: Musei Civici del Castello Visconteo,
Pavia) 146
29 Church of S. Eufemia, Grado. Mosaic dedicatory panels, recording
gifts of mosaic floor to the basilica. Here, the second inscription
records a soldier {miles) of the Treviso unit (numerus Tarvisianus)
and his son 175
30 Chiusi cathedral. Dedicatory inscription of bishop Florentinus,
FIGURES ix
c. ad 560 (reproduced with kind permission from Onedo Meacci,
Opera Laicale della Cattedrale) 178
31 Chiusi cathedral. Ciborium inscription by the Lombard dukes
Gregory and Austreconda for the basilica of S. Mustiola (reproduced
with kind permission from Onedo Meacci, Opera Laicale della
Cattedrale) 180
32 Atrium of S. Maria in Trastevere in Rome: fifth century Christian
epitaph panel with more recent graffiti (though these, sadly, with
little to do with devotion) 181
33 Aquileia a view across the archaeological site, from the forum
to the basilica 184
34 Not. Dign. Occ, XLIV: Corrector Apuliae et Calabriae depicting a
strongly fortified regional capital (www.fh augsburg.de/~harsch/
Chronologia/Lspost05/Notitia/not_digO .html) 188
35 Byzantine ducal inscription on the cathedral porch column at
Terracina, referring to renewal of the forum space 191
36 Ravenna Theoderic's Palace excavation 1908 14 (most likely this is
of 1913). Note the male workmen and the wall chasing, plus the female
wheel barrowers (photo courtesy of Archivio della Soprintendenza
per i Beni Archeologici di Ravenna, catalogo n° 2 E 4) 194
37 Inscription of ad 508 from the Colosseum, Rome, recording
restoration following earthquake damage, by the Urban Prefect Basilius 199
38 View to the facade of the cathedral church at Terracina across the
paved forum space; the basilica is thought to overlie a capitolium,
reusing materials from this 218
39 One fine example of a fifth century consular ivory diptych with state
dignitaries observing the races in the Circus Maximus (photograph
courtesy of the Museo Civico dell'Eta Cristiana, Brescia n.inv.
H152 1572) 221
40 Verona, via Dante exposed section of house street frontage,
spanning the very late Roman through to medieval periods; the main
blocked doorway (using spoil) probably relates to the sixth century 229
41 Early medieval house plans in Italy: (i) ninth century stone structures
in the Forum of Nerva in Rome (after Santangeli Valenzani 2000);
(ii) seventh century house at Classe near Ravenna (after Gelichi
1994b); (iii) seventh century timber buildings in Brescia (after
Brogiolo 1993) 231
42 Plan of late Roman, Ostrogothic and Byzantine Ravenna (after
Storia di Ravenna II) 234
43 Plan of the palace of Theoderic and palace chapel at Ravenna (after
Augenti 2002) 235
44 Interpretative plans of excavated late Roman aristocratic houses
or domus on the Caelian Hill, Rome (after Spinola 2000) 239
x FROM CONSTANTINE TO CHARLEMAGNE
45 Houses and workshops inserted into the bricked up arcading of the
amphitheatre at Lucca 244
46 Town plan of Cividale indicating distribution of Lombard and
Lombard period burials and churches (after Brozzi 1981) 256
47 Verona: view across the river Adige to the Colle del Castello, seat
of the medieval castle and late antique and early medieval palace.
The Roman theatre lies at the foot of the hill 260
48 The plan of the fifth century fortress town bishopric of Grado, with
extant and excavated church and episcopal zones (after Mirabella
Roberti 1974 75) 265
49 Interpretative configuration of Grado, indicating the dominant spatial
control of the Church 266
50 Schematic flow chart of urban changes in Italy in the late Roman
to early medieval epochs 269
51 The Aurelianic walls of Rome and the Porta Appia defensive
monuments actively maintained for over 1700 years 286
52 Sequence of defensive provisioning at Aquileia from Republican
through to Gothic times 293
53 Aquileia canal wall and tower, reusing much spolia in its
construction, and preventing easy access to the waterway 294
54 Vignette illustration for Not. Dign. Occ, XXIV: Comes Italiae,
displaying a heavily fortified town ('Italia') with schematic internal
buildings. Turreted walls lie on the Alpine slopes in the background
presumed to depict the defences of the Julian Alps (http://www.pvv.
ntnu.no/~halsteis/notitia.htm) 302
55 The Ardabur Aspar celebratory dish of ad 434 (photo: Museo
Archeologico, Florence Soprintendenza Archeologica per la
Toscana Firenze. Inv. No. 2588) 310
56 Distribution of arms and state factories according to the Notitia
Dignitatum (after Randsborg 1991: figs 52 and 54) 312
57 Isola S. Giulio on Lake Orta many of the islands in the northern
Italian lakes appear to have been employed in the late Empire as
bases for fleet activity 315
58 Timbers of the late Roman shipwreck no. 3 during excavation at
Olbia harbour, Sardinia (photo by E. Grixoni, courtesy of the
Soprintendenza Archeologica di Sassari e Nuoro, Sardinia) 316
59 General map of dated or well attested late Roman urban defences in
Italy 320
60 The late Roman city wall near the Arena at Verona, later extended
under the Ostrogoths in the sixth century 323
61 Susa plan of town defences and castrum zone (after Mercando 1993) 327
62 Exterior of the Porta Savoia gate at Susa in north west Italy; note the
flanking church fa\ 329
FIGURES xi
63 Plan of the late Roman Lombard hilltop settlement and fort at
Colle Santino, Invillino in Friuli phases III and IV (after Bierbrauer
1987) 337
64 Section of the cobble built fifth and sixth century circuit of the
castrum of Castelseprio 340
65 Plan of the Sirmione peninsula, indicating sites of Roman villas,
castrum and Lombard church foundations (after Roffia 1995) 342
66 Section of the western defences of the Sirmione castrum 344
67 Terracina, upper town fifth century defences; north east flank of
citadel showing towers and line of parapet walk marked by tile
coursing. The towers survive to their full height with pyramidical roofs 347
68 Seventh century shield plaques from Trezzo sull'Adda (tomb 5),
Lucca (S. Romano) and Stabio, depicting, respectively, a foot soldier
with shield and lance (piece 4cm high); a foot soldier with shield,
sword and standard (height 11.1cm); and horseman with lance, and
elaborate belt (length 10cm) in reality this latter design relates to a
hunting scene not a battle. All three probably wear mail armour (after
Roffia 1996 and Menghin 1985) 351
69 Distribution maps of Ostrogothic place names and personal names
(after Bierbrauer 1975) 359
70 View across the river Adige to Doss Trento (Verruca), a late antique
stronghold for the Roman town of Trento in the central Alps; at the
foot of the hill lay a Lombard cemetery; on its summit an early sixth
century church 360
71 Distribution of fortified towns and fortresses in the Byzantine
Gothic Wars according to Procopius and Cassiodorus (after
Bierbrauer 1975) 366
72 The Byzantine promontory fort with harbour at Varigotti in Liguria 369
73 Liguria, ad 400 650: distribution of key sites and forts, with putative
divisioning into military districts based mainly on the key coastal
ports 373
74 Plan of the Byzantine fortress of S. Antonino, Liguria (after Mannoni
Murialdo2001) 376
75 S. Antonino: axonometric reconstruction of the castrum (after
Mannoni Murialdo 2001) 377
76 S. Antonino: seventh century timber house reconstruction (after
Mannoni Murialdo 2001) 378
77 Map of Sardinia, showing key Roman and Byzantine sites (after
Spanu 1998) 381
78 Byzantine and Lombard Abruzzo, showing key documented and
archaeological sites plus related toponyms (after Staffa 2000) 386
79 The height of Monselice, near Padua, seat of both a Byzantine and
Lombard fort 388
xii FROM CONSTANTINE TO CHARLEMAGNE
80 Distribution of forts and Lombard cemeteries and burials in Friuli
(after Brozzi 1981) 390
81 The low hill of Artegna, one of the Lombard forts in central Friuli
listed by Paul the Deacon 392
82 View of a section of the mid ninth century Leonine walls around the
Vatican 398
83 Principal roads of Roman Italy (after Potter 1987: 129) 403
84 Previous major (British) field survey zones north of Rome; Italian
surveys have extended particularly west and north of Lake Bracciano
(after Patterson Millett 1998: fig. 1) 415
85 Comparison of the recovery and identification of material from the
old British School South Etruria Survey and the 1992 Italian
re survey in the region north of the town of Capena (after Camilli
Vitali Rosati 1995: fig.l) 416
86 Villa losses charted for the Ager Faliscus zone of the South Etruria
Survey, highlighting the sizeable rate of abandonment indicated by
surface data for the fourth and fifth centuries ad 417
87 Roman to late antique Etruria (Tuscany) showing main roads from
Rome and indicating (inset) the islands of the Tuscan archipelago.
Key sites and survey areas are 13 = Tarquinia; 16 Tuscania;
21 = Cosa; 32 = Populonia; 35 = Siena; 37 = Volterra; 39 = Pisa;
40 = Florence 420
88 The Salinello and Vibrata valleys in the north Abruzzo province:
continuity of villa and other sites into the Byzantine period (top);
and (bottom) toponyms probably derived from Roman personal
names signifying likely Roman farms and villas (after Staffa 2000:
figs. 2,18) 425
89 Plan of the opulent fourth century villa complex at Piazza
Armerina, Sicily (after Wilson 1983) 433
90 Map of late antique Apulia showing main roads and towns and
known rural and religious sites. Borgo S. Giusto lies on the Celone
just east of Praetorium Lauerianum (after Volpe ed. 1998: fig. 349) 446
91 Plan of the excavated areas of the Roman and early Christian villa
complex at Borgo S. Giusto (after Volpe ed. 1998: fig. 29) 447
92 Distribution of Ostrogothic and Ostrogothic period finds and
hoards in Italy (after Bierbrauer 1975) 454
93 Monte Barro axonometric reconstruction and cut away of the
early sixth century palace or grande edificio (reproduced with
permission from Brogiolo Castelletti 1991: fig. 27) 457
94 Lake Garda: distribution of Lombard burials compared to
distribution of churches with early medieval sculptural finds 468
95 Environs of the town of Nocera Umbra with its scattering of
Lombard burials, necropoleis and place names (after Toni 1996) 471
FIGURES xiii
96 Plan of the Ciota Ciara cave near Monfenera in Piedmont (after
Brecciaroli Taborelli 1995) 480
97 Selection of the good quality ceramic assemblage from the Ciota
Ciara cave (after Brecciaroli Taborelli 1995) 482
98 Map of Byzantine Calabria with distribution of rock cut and cave
sites (after Coscarella 1996: tav. XXIII) 483
99 Schematic flow chart for modelling changes in rural settlement from
the second to the ninth century ad 493
100 Distribution of eighth and ninth century rural sites in western
Tuscany based on charter data supplemented by survey finds (after
Ginatempo Giorgi 1999) 495
101 View from the Palatine slopes looking north across the ruins of the
Roman Forum 507 |
| adam_txt |
Contents
List of Figures vii
Preface and Acknowledgements xv
Introduction 1
1 Sources and Contexts 15
Introduction 15
Historical Contexts 21
A Note on Populations, Identities and Provinces 57
2 Church and Society 73
Introduction 74
The Early Church and Late Roman Italian Society 80
Christianization I: The Urban Church 91
Christianization II: Rural Christianity 112
The Early Church: Forms, Siting and Materials 121
Church Roles in Ostrogothic and Lombard Italy 137
Burials 148
Relics and Pilgrims 156
Monasticism 164
Texts and the Church: Inscriptions, Epitaphs and Graffiti 174
3 Urban Evolutions 183
Sources of Evidence 186
The Fortunes of Towns 195
Natural and Human: Fortunes and Losses 198
War and Towns: Urban Shrinkage and Military Needs? 202
Christianized Cities 206
The Old in the New: Spolia and New Material Language of Towns 208
Public Spaces and Monuments: Patterns of Survival and Loss 214
Living Spaces 227
Water 246
Population Loss? Space and Burials 249
New Towns 263
Conclusions 268
vi FROM CONSTANTINE TO CHARLEMAGNE
4 Defence and Power 281
Introduction 282
Interpreting Town Defences and Frontiers 284
The Later Roman Army and Italy 300
The Redesigning of Defensive Architecture 319
Fourth Century Italian Frontiers 324
Fifth Century Retrenchments 331
Defences after Rome 348
5 Rural Settlement and Patterns of Change 401
Introduction 402
Modes of Roman Rural Settlement 406
The Impact of Field Survey 412
Late Roman Villas and Farms 428
Churches, Monasteries and Burials 442
Germans and the Land 451
Rural Insecurities and 'Private' Defence: Hills, Refuges and Caves 473
Environments, Economies and Bioarchaeologies 484
Rural Decay and Land Degradation: The Role of Climate Change 487
Conclusions 491
6 Conclusions Living (and Dying) in Late Antique and
Early Medieval Italy 497
People in the Past 497
The Plague: Horror and Historical Hesitation 500
Continuities, Changes, Transformations? 505
Divides and Mergers 507
Bibliography 511
Index 571
List of Figures
1 The Aurelianic walls of Rome: Porta S. Giovanni a generalized
image of the physical and mental transition from Roman to
late Roman and early medieval in Italy xvii
2 Porphyry marble statue of the Tetrarchs, walled into the side of the
S. Marco basilica, Venice 23
3 The Arch of Constantine at Rome: a mix of old and new symbols of
propaganda 25
4 A section of the fifth century city walls of Ravenna the new
capital of the West from the reign of Honorius 29
5 Ivory consular diptych of the consul and former Praetorian Prefect
Narius Manlius Boethius, distributing largesse (photo courtesy of
the Museo Civico dell'Eta Cristiana, Brescia n.inv. E58 563) 35
6 Map of the divisions of Italy as a result of the wars between
Byzantines and Lombards 43
7 Eighth century marble ciborium or ambo frieze from S. Salvatore,
Brescia, part of the high quality artistic output of the reign of
Liutprand (photo courtesy of the Museo Civico dell'Eta Cristiana,
Brescia n.inv. H688 6940) 47
8 Front panel of the 'Altar of Ratchis' at Cividale, depicting, albeit
in crude fashion, Christ surrounded by throngs of angels (photo
courtesy of Museo Nazionale, Cividale) 49
9 One of the early medieval towers of the walls of Benevento,
presumed to relate to a later eighth or ninth century refortification,
and linking to an expansion of building and cultural efforts at the
ducal centre 56
10 The provincial divisions of Italy under Augustus at the end of the
first century bc (after Potter 1987: 15) 66
11 The third and fourth century regional divisions of Italy 67
12 The division of Italy between the Annonaria and Suburbicaria
dioceses 68
13 Approximate organization of Italy's provinces following the
Justinianic reconquest of Italy from the Goths in c. ad 545 50,
including the disputed Alpes Apenninae province 70
14 Combined 1998 99 excavation, resistivity plans and air
photographic interpretation for the Constantinian episcopal basilica
viii FROM CONSTANTINE TO CHARLEMAGNE
and baptistery in the southern zone of Ostia. Numbers indicate
the location of trenches; dark lines signify excavated wall features.
(Plan reproduced with permission of Dr M. Heinzelmann, Bayerische
Akademie der Wissenschaften) 77
15 Plans of the late fourth and early fifth century church complexes at
Nola (after Trout 1999) 87
16 The church of S. Maria at Assisi, occupying the former temple of
Minerva(?) in the forum square (the present day square preserves the
outline of the forum; the original paved level of the latter can still be
accessed) 94
17 The churches of Rome in c. ad 500 103
18 Exterior of the seventh century church of S. Giorgio between the
Aventine and Palatine Hills 106
19 Plan of Milan in the late Empire, showing combination of imperial
and Christian monuments in the time of bishop Ambrose (after Potter
1987:205) 109
20 The Christian heart of Milan and the interpretative plan of the
episcopal quarter (after Lusuardi Siena 1997c) 110
21 Map of northern Apulia with key Roman and late antique sites
(in italics), noting also the location of the late antique complex at
Borgo S. Giusto (after Volpe 1998) 116
22 Early Christian basilica complex at Concordia; to the left, the later
cathedral 123
23 Colle di Zuca, Invillino view of the excavated late antique church
and priests' bench 125
24 Interior of the fifth century basilica of S. Sabina on the Aventine Hill,
Rome 127
25 The early fifth century octagonal baptistery at Albenga, Liguria;
note the eighth century carved window in the lower level 134
26 The Ostrogothic Arian cathedral of S. Spirito (left) in origin
bearing the dedication of S. Anastasia and its baptistery at Ravenna 139
27 Lucca eighth century churches and monasteries: locations and
dates of reference 145
28 Section of one of the stunning early eighth century marble plutei or
screens from the Monastero della Pusterla at Pavia previously
thought to be part of the sarcophagus of the abbess Theodota
(reproduced with permission: Musei Civici del Castello Visconteo,
Pavia) 146
29 Church of S. Eufemia, Grado. Mosaic dedicatory panels, recording
gifts of mosaic floor to the basilica. Here, the second inscription
records a soldier {miles) of the Treviso unit (numerus Tarvisianus)
and his son 175
30 Chiusi cathedral. Dedicatory inscription of bishop Florentinus,
FIGURES ix
c. ad 560 (reproduced with kind permission from Onedo Meacci,
Opera Laicale della Cattedrale) 178
31 Chiusi cathedral. Ciborium inscription by the Lombard dukes
Gregory and Austreconda for the basilica of S. Mustiola (reproduced
with kind permission from Onedo Meacci, Opera Laicale della
Cattedrale) 180
32 Atrium of S. Maria in Trastevere in Rome: fifth century Christian
epitaph panel with more recent graffiti (though these, sadly, with
little to do with devotion) 181
33 Aquileia a view across the archaeological site, from the forum
to the basilica 184
34 Not. Dign. Occ, XLIV: Corrector Apuliae et Calabriae depicting a
strongly fortified regional capital (www.fh augsburg.de/~harsch/
Chronologia/Lspost05/Notitia/not_digO .html) 188
35 Byzantine ducal inscription on the cathedral porch column at
Terracina, referring to renewal of the forum space 191
36 Ravenna Theoderic's Palace excavation 1908 14 (most likely this is
of 1913). Note the male workmen and the wall chasing, plus the female
wheel barrowers (photo courtesy of Archivio della Soprintendenza
per i Beni Archeologici di Ravenna, catalogo n° 2 E 4) 194
37 Inscription of ad 508 from the Colosseum, Rome, recording
restoration following earthquake damage, by the Urban Prefect Basilius 199
38 View to the facade of the cathedral church at Terracina across the
paved forum space; the basilica is thought to overlie a capitolium,
reusing materials from this 218
39 One fine example of a fifth century consular ivory diptych with state
dignitaries observing the races in the Circus Maximus (photograph
courtesy of the Museo Civico dell'Eta Cristiana, Brescia n.inv.
H152 1572) 221
40 Verona, via Dante exposed section of house street frontage,
spanning the very late Roman through to medieval periods; the main
blocked doorway (using spoil) probably relates to the sixth century 229
41 Early medieval house plans in Italy: (i) ninth century stone structures
in the Forum of Nerva in Rome (after Santangeli Valenzani 2000);
(ii) seventh century house at Classe near Ravenna (after Gelichi
1994b); (iii) seventh century timber buildings in Brescia (after
Brogiolo 1993) 231
42 Plan of late Roman, Ostrogothic and Byzantine Ravenna (after
Storia di Ravenna II) 234
43 Plan of the palace of Theoderic and palace chapel at Ravenna (after
Augenti 2002) 235
44 Interpretative plans of excavated late Roman aristocratic houses
or domus on the Caelian Hill, Rome (after Spinola 2000) 239
x FROM CONSTANTINE TO CHARLEMAGNE
45 Houses and workshops inserted into the bricked up arcading of the
amphitheatre at Lucca 244
46 Town plan of Cividale indicating distribution of Lombard and
Lombard period burials and churches (after Brozzi 1981) 256
47 Verona: view across the river Adige to the Colle del Castello, seat
of the medieval castle and late antique and early medieval palace.
The Roman theatre lies at the foot of the hill 260
48 The plan of the fifth century fortress town bishopric of Grado, with
extant and excavated church and episcopal zones (after Mirabella
Roberti 1974 75) 265
49 Interpretative configuration of Grado, indicating the dominant spatial
control of the Church 266
50 Schematic flow chart of urban changes in Italy in the late Roman
to early medieval epochs 269
51 The Aurelianic walls of Rome and the Porta Appia defensive
monuments actively maintained for over 1700 years 286
52 Sequence of defensive provisioning at Aquileia from Republican
through to Gothic times 293
53 Aquileia canal wall and tower, reusing much spolia in its
construction, and preventing easy access to the waterway 294
54 Vignette illustration for Not. Dign. Occ, XXIV: Comes Italiae,
displaying a heavily fortified town ('Italia') with schematic internal
buildings. Turreted walls lie on the Alpine slopes in the background
presumed to depict the defences of the Julian Alps (http://www.pvv.
ntnu.no/~halsteis/notitia.htm) 302
55 The Ardabur Aspar celebratory dish of ad 434 (photo: Museo
Archeologico, Florence Soprintendenza Archeologica per la
Toscana Firenze. Inv. No. 2588) 310
56 Distribution of arms and state factories according to the Notitia
Dignitatum (after Randsborg 1991: figs 52 and 54) 312
57 Isola S. Giulio on Lake Orta many of the islands in the northern
Italian lakes appear to have been employed in the late Empire as
bases for fleet activity 315
58 Timbers of the late Roman shipwreck no. 3 during excavation at
Olbia harbour, Sardinia (photo by E. Grixoni, courtesy of the
Soprintendenza Archeologica di Sassari e Nuoro, Sardinia) 316
59 General map of dated or well attested late Roman urban defences in
Italy 320
60 The late Roman city wall near the Arena at Verona, later extended
under the Ostrogoths in the sixth century 323
61 Susa plan of town defences and castrum zone (after Mercando 1993) 327
62 Exterior of the Porta Savoia gate at Susa in north west Italy; note the
flanking church fa\ 329
FIGURES xi
63 Plan of the late Roman Lombard hilltop settlement and fort at
Colle Santino, Invillino in Friuli phases III and IV (after Bierbrauer
1987) 337
64 Section of the cobble built fifth and sixth century circuit of the
castrum of Castelseprio 340
65 Plan of the Sirmione peninsula, indicating sites of Roman villas,
castrum and Lombard church foundations (after Roffia 1995) 342
66 Section of the western defences of the Sirmione castrum 344
67 Terracina, upper town fifth century defences; north east flank of
citadel showing towers and line of parapet walk marked by tile
coursing. The towers survive to their full height with pyramidical roofs 347
68 Seventh century shield plaques from Trezzo sull'Adda (tomb 5),
Lucca (S. Romano) and Stabio, depicting, respectively, a foot soldier
with shield and lance (piece 4cm high); a foot soldier with shield,
sword and standard (height 11.1cm); and horseman with lance, and
elaborate belt (length 10cm) in reality this latter design relates to a
hunting scene not a battle. All three probably wear mail armour (after
Roffia 1996 and Menghin 1985) 351
69 Distribution maps of Ostrogothic place names and personal names
(after Bierbrauer 1975) 359
70 View across the river Adige to Doss Trento (Verruca), a late antique
stronghold for the Roman town of Trento in the central Alps; at the
foot of the hill lay a Lombard cemetery; on its summit an early sixth
century church 360
71 Distribution of fortified towns and fortresses in the Byzantine
Gothic Wars according to Procopius and Cassiodorus (after
Bierbrauer 1975) 366
72 The Byzantine promontory fort with harbour at Varigotti in Liguria 369
73 Liguria, ad 400 650: distribution of key sites and forts, with putative
divisioning into military districts based mainly on the key coastal
ports 373
74 Plan of the Byzantine fortress of S. Antonino, Liguria (after Mannoni
Murialdo2001) 376
75 S. Antonino: axonometric reconstruction of the castrum (after
Mannoni Murialdo 2001) 377
76 S. Antonino: seventh century timber house reconstruction (after
Mannoni Murialdo 2001) 378
77 Map of Sardinia, showing key Roman and Byzantine sites (after
Spanu 1998) 381
78 Byzantine and Lombard Abruzzo, showing key documented and
archaeological sites plus related toponyms (after Staffa 2000) 386
79 The height of Monselice, near Padua, seat of both a Byzantine and
Lombard fort 388
xii FROM CONSTANTINE TO CHARLEMAGNE
80 Distribution of forts and Lombard cemeteries and burials in Friuli
(after Brozzi 1981) 390
81 The low hill of Artegna, one of the Lombard forts in central Friuli
listed by Paul the Deacon 392
82 View of a section of the mid ninth century Leonine walls around the
Vatican 398
83 Principal roads of Roman Italy (after Potter 1987: 129) 403
84 Previous major (British) field survey zones north of Rome; Italian
surveys have extended particularly west and north of Lake Bracciano
(after Patterson Millett 1998: fig. 1) 415
85 Comparison of the recovery and identification of material from the
old British School South Etruria Survey and the 1992 Italian
re survey in the region north of the town of Capena (after Camilli
Vitali Rosati 1995: fig.l) 416
86 Villa losses charted for the Ager Faliscus zone of the South Etruria
Survey, highlighting the sizeable rate of abandonment indicated by
surface data for the fourth and fifth centuries ad 417
87 Roman to late antique Etruria (Tuscany) showing main roads from
Rome and indicating (inset) the islands of the Tuscan archipelago.
Key sites and survey areas are 13 = Tarquinia; 16 Tuscania;
21 = Cosa; 32 = Populonia; 35 = Siena; 37 = Volterra; 39 = Pisa;
40 = Florence 420
88 The Salinello and Vibrata valleys in the north Abruzzo province:
continuity of villa and other sites into the Byzantine period (top);
and (bottom) toponyms probably derived from Roman personal
names signifying likely Roman farms and villas (after Staffa 2000:
figs. 2,18) 425
89 Plan of the opulent fourth century villa complex at Piazza
Armerina, Sicily (after Wilson 1983) 433
90 Map of late antique Apulia showing main roads and towns and
known rural and religious sites. Borgo S. Giusto lies on the Celone
just east of Praetorium Lauerianum (after Volpe ed. 1998: fig. 349) 446
91 Plan of the excavated areas of the Roman and early Christian villa
complex at Borgo S. Giusto (after Volpe ed. 1998: fig. 29) 447
92 Distribution of Ostrogothic and Ostrogothic period finds and
hoards in Italy (after Bierbrauer 1975) 454
93 Monte Barro axonometric reconstruction and cut away of the
early sixth century palace or grande edificio (reproduced with
permission from Brogiolo Castelletti 1991: fig. 27) 457
94 Lake Garda: distribution of Lombard burials compared to
distribution of churches with early medieval sculptural finds 468
95 Environs of the town of Nocera Umbra with its scattering of
Lombard burials, necropoleis and place names (after Toni 1996) 471
FIGURES xiii
96 Plan of the Ciota Ciara cave near Monfenera in Piedmont (after
Brecciaroli Taborelli 1995) 480
97 Selection of the good quality ceramic assemblage from the Ciota
Ciara cave (after Brecciaroli Taborelli 1995) 482
98 Map of Byzantine Calabria with distribution of rock cut and cave
sites (after Coscarella 1996: tav. XXIII) 483
99 Schematic flow chart for modelling changes in rural settlement from
the second to the ninth century ad 493
100 Distribution of eighth and ninth century rural sites in western
Tuscany based on charter data supplemented by survey finds (after
Ginatempo Giorgi 1999) 495
101 View from the Palatine slopes looking north across the ruins of the
Roman Forum 507 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)132104423 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021638954 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DG311 |
| callnumber-raw | DG311 |
| callnumber-search | DG311 |
| callnumber-sort | DG 3311 |
| callnumber-subject | DG - Italy, Malta |
| classification_rvk | LF 1300 NF 6920 |
| ctrlnum | (gbd)0861394 (OCoLC)61303456 (DE-599)BVBBV021638954 |
| dewey-full | 945/.6301 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 945 - Italy, San Marino, Vatican City, Malta |
| dewey-raw | 945/.6301 |
| dewey-search | 945/.6301 |
| dewey-sort | 3945 46301 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte Klassische Archäologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte Klassische Archäologie |
| era | Geschichte 300-800 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 300-800 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Italien Rom Rome History Germanic Invasions, 3rd-6th centuries Rome History Empire, 284-476 Italy History 476-1268 Italy Church history 476-1400 Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Italien Rom Rome History Germanic Invasions, 3rd-6th centuries Rome History Empire, 284-476 Italy History 476-1268 Italy Church history 476-1400 |
| id | DE-604.BV021638954 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:59:24Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T17:07:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1859284213 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2005024020 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014853767 |
| oclc_num | 61303456 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-739 DE-11 DE-B220 DE-Y3 DE-255 DE-Y2 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-739 DE-11 DE-B220 DE-Y3 DE-255 DE-Y2 |
| physical | xvii, 586 S. Ill., Kt. 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_ZDB-99-PER_REZ gbd_4_0608 |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Ashgate |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | From Constantine to Charlemagne an archaeology of Italy, AD 300 - 800 Neil Christie Aldershot [u.a.] Ashgate 2006 xvii, 586 S. Ill., Kt. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (p. [511]-569) and index Geschichte 300-800 gnd rswk-swf Archeologie gtt Archäologie Geschichte Kirchengeschichte Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Kunst (DE-588)4114333-4 gnd rswk-swf Italien Rom Rome History Germanic Invasions, 3rd-6th centuries Rome History Empire, 284-476 Italy History 476-1268 Italy Church history 476-1400 Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 gnd rswk-swf Spätantike (DE-2581)TH000003969 gbd Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 g Geschichte 300-800 z DE-604 Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s Kunst (DE-588)4114333-4 s Christie, Neil Sonstige (DE-588)132104423 oth http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0517/2005024020.html Table of contents http://www.perspectivia.net/content/publikationen/francia/francia-recensio/2008-2/mittelalter-2013-moyen-age-50020131500/Christie_Hartmann Rezension HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014853767&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | From Constantine to Charlemagne an archaeology of Italy, AD 300 - 800 Archeologie gtt Archäologie Geschichte Kirchengeschichte Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Kunst (DE-588)4114333-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4114333-4 (DE-588)4027833-5 |
| title | From Constantine to Charlemagne an archaeology of Italy, AD 300 - 800 |
| title_auth | From Constantine to Charlemagne an archaeology of Italy, AD 300 - 800 |
| title_exact_search | From Constantine to Charlemagne an archaeology of Italy, AD 300 - 800 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | From Constantine to Charlemagne an archaeology of Italy, AD 300 - 800 |
| title_full | From Constantine to Charlemagne an archaeology of Italy, AD 300 - 800 Neil Christie |
| title_fullStr | From Constantine to Charlemagne an archaeology of Italy, AD 300 - 800 Neil Christie |
| title_full_unstemmed | From Constantine to Charlemagne an archaeology of Italy, AD 300 - 800 Neil Christie |
| title_short | From Constantine to Charlemagne |
| title_sort | from constantine to charlemagne an archaeology of italy ad 300 800 |
| title_sub | an archaeology of Italy, AD 300 - 800 |
| topic | Archeologie gtt Archäologie Geschichte Kirchengeschichte Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Kunst (DE-588)4114333-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Archeologie Archäologie Geschichte Kirchengeschichte Funde Kunst Italien Rom Rome History Germanic Invasions, 3rd-6th centuries Rome History Empire, 284-476 Italy History 476-1268 Italy Church history 476-1400 |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0517/2005024020.html http://www.perspectivia.net/content/publikationen/francia/francia-recensio/2008-2/mittelalter-2013-moyen-age-50020131500/Christie_Hartmann http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014853767&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT christieneil fromconstantinetocharlemagneanarchaeologyofitalyad300800 |