The SAP R/3 handbook:
A guide to SAP R/3 programming covers such topics as data modeling, systems architecture, and systems installation.
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York [u.a.]
McGraw-Hill
2006
|
| Edition: | 3. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | A guide to SAP R/3 programming covers such topics as data modeling, systems architecture, and systems installation. |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 606 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0072257164 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The SAP R/3 handbook |c José Antonio Hernández ; Jim Keogh ; Franklin Martinez |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b McGraw-Hill |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 606 S. |b Ill. | ||
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| 520 | 3 | |a A guide to SAP R/3 programming covers such topics as data modeling, systems architecture, and systems installation. | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgments ................................................ xvii
Chapter! SAP: FromSAPR/3toSAPNetWeaver ............................ 1
SAP Strategic Evolution ............................................ 1
The ERP Basics ............................................. 2
SAP Transformation into a Global Business
Solutions Company ....................................... 4
SAP for Industries .......................................... 5
The Emergence of the New Dimension Products ................ 6
Solution Maps and Business Scenario Maps .................... 7
mySAP.com ................................................ 8
SAP Product Portfolio in the SAP NetWeaver Age ............... 10
SAP R/3 Releases and Fundamentals ................................ 13
R/3 Release 3.0 ............................................. 13
R/3 Release 3.1 ............................................. 14
R/3 Release 4.0 ............................................. 15
R/3 Release 4.5 ............................................. 16
EnjoySAP Release: R/3 4.6 ................................... 17
Enterprise Release: SAP R/3 4.7 ............................... 17
Description of Our Good Old and Still Great R/3 ..................... 21
Multitier Client/Server Solutions ............................. 22
Open Technology ........................................... 24
User Interface .............................................. 27
ABAP Development Workbench .............................. 27
Application Integration ...................................... 28
Customizing Tools .......................................... 28
SAP Enterprise Core (R/3) Applications Overview .................... 30
Financial Applications ....................................... 30
Human Resources Applications ............................... 32
Logistics Applications ....................................... 33
Cross-Application Components ............................... 37
SAP Services Overview ............................................ 38
Online Services: The SAP Service Marketplace .................. 39
SAPnet-R/3 Front End (OSS) ................................. 40
EarlyWatch and EarlyWatch Alert ............................. 41
Chapter 2 The Architecture of the SAP Web Application Server ................. 43
The SAP Web Application Server ................................... 44
SAP R/3 up to 4.6C: The Basis Software .............................. 45
¥
yj SAP R/3 Handbook
Basic Architectural Concepts ....................................... 46
Transaction ................................................ 46
Dialog Step ................................................ 46
Logical Units of Work (LUWs) ................................ 47
Clients .................................................... 48
The System Central Interfaces ...................................... 48
Operating System Interface ................................... 49
The Dispatcher Process ...................................... 50
Work Process Architecture ................................... 51
Services: Work Processes Types ..................................... 53
Dialog Work Processes ...................................... 54
Background Work Processes .................................. 55
Spool Work Process ......................................... 57
Enqueue Work Process ...................................... 58
Update Work Process ........................................ 59
Message Server ............................................. 61
Gateway Server ............................................. 61
Presentation Interface ....................................... 62
Database Interface .......................................... 63
SAP Web AS Communication Protocols and Interfaces ................. 64
Memory Management ............................................. 66
The Concept of SAP Instance ....................................... 67
Building the Client/Server SAP Web AS System ...................... 68
SAP Business Framework .................................... 68
Client/Server Foundation .................................... 69
RFC: A Key Communication Middleware ...................... 71
BAPI ...................................................... 71
IDOCs ..................................................... 72
ALE ....................................................... 72
The Internet Transaction Server (ITS) ................................ 74
Internet Business Framework ....................................... 76
XML ...................................................... 77
The Architecture of the SAP Web Application Server .................. 78
The Internet Communication Manager ......................... 78
ICM Plug-Ins ............................................... 79
A Closer Look at the HTTP Plug-In ............................ 79
A Look at the Internet Server ................................. 80
An Inside Look at the Web Dispatcher ......................... 81
Memory and the Web Dispatcher ............................. 81
Running and Stopping the Web Dispatcher ..................... 82
Dual Role for the Web Application Server ............................ 83
The Web Dispatcher and the SAP J2EE Engine ........................ 83
Distributing SAP Systems and Services .............................. 83
Instance Profiles ............................................ 84
Contents vii
User Distribution: Logon Load Balancing
and the SAP Logon Utility ................................. 89
Logon Groups Configuration ................................. 89
The SAP Logon Application .................................. 92
Starting and Stopping SAP Systems ................................. 96
Starting and Stopping SAP WAS for ABAP under Windows ...... 99
Further Guidelines for Productive Environments ................ 100
Chapter 3 SAP NetWeaver: An Overview .................................... 101
Enterprise Service Architecture ..................................... 101
What s SAP NetWeaver? ........................................... 102
SAP NetWeaver Application Platform ............................... 105
SAP Enterprise Portal ............................................. 107
iViews ..................................................... 109
The Portal Platform ......................................... 110
The Knowledge Management Platform ........................ 110
Collaboration ............................................... 110
Predefined Content and Content Tools ......................... Ill
SAP Mobile Infrastructure ......................................... Ill
SAP Business Information Warehouse ............................... 112
Architecture of the Business Warehouse ........................ 113
BW within SAP NetWeaver and New Features .................. 115
SAP Master Data Management ..................................... 117
SAP Exchange Infrastructure 3.0 .................................... 117
SAP XI Communication Options .............................. 119
SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio ................................... 119
Developing Web Dynpros .................................... 122
Steps for the Creation Process of a Web Dynpro Application ...... 123
Basic Web Dynpro .......................................... 123
Planning SAP NetWeaver Installations ............................... 139
Installation and Planning Concepts .................................. 140
Installation Elements ........................................ 141
Documentation Required for Planning and Installation .......... 142
Variants of SAP Web AS ..................................... 142
Platforms .................................................. 143
System Landscape Directory ................................. 143
SAP NetWeaver Rapid Installer ............................... 144
The Sizing Process .......................................... 145
Installation Notes ........................................... 147
Chapter4 Using SAP Systems ............................................ 149
Logging On and Off the System ..................................... 149
Passwords ................................................. 151
VJii SAP R/3 Handbook
Logging Off ................................................ 154
The User Interface: Main Screen Elements of the SAP GUI .............. 155
The Standard Toolbar ........................................ 158
The Screen Layout Menu ..................................... 159
Personalizing the Favorites ................................... 164
Role-Based Scenarios ........................................ 164
Shortcuts .................................................. 166
System Status Information ................................... 166
Working with SAP User Sessions .................................... 168
Moving Around the SAP Systems ................................... 169
Moving Around with Transaction Codes ....................... 171
Working with Information ......................................... 172
Possible Entries for an Input Field ............................. 172
Facilities for Entering the Same Data Repeatedly ................ 174
Input Field Default Values with User Parameters ................ 175
Getting Help in SAP Systems ....................................... 176
Working with Reports ............................................. 178
Looking for Reports ......................................... 179
Executing Reports ........................................... 180
Using Selection Criteria ...................................... 180
Working with Reports Variants ............................... 181
Working with Background Jobs ..................................... 183
Scheduling Background Jobs ................................. 184
User Printing ..................................................... 186
Print Attributes ............................................. 187
Monitoring the Status of Your Print Requests ................... 189
Additional User Utilities ........................................... 189
Sending Short Messages ..................................... 189
Downloading Files to Your Desktop Workstation ................ 190
Upgrading to SAP R/3 Enterprise: The First Step into SAP NetWeaver.... 191
Considerations for an Upgrade Project ............................... 192
Upgrading to SAP R/3 Enterprise: What Is New? ..................... 193
SAP Upgrade Projects ............................................. 195
Key Success Factors in an Upgrade Project ..................... 196
Methodology: The Upgrade Roadmap ......................... 196
Upgrade Project Plan ........................................ 197
The Upgrade Script ......................................... 199
Gap Analysis ............................................... 200
Upgrading to SAP R/3 Enterprise: An Organizational View ............ 200
Key Users and the Functional Team ........................... 201
Upgrading to SAP R/3 Enterprise: Technical Point of View ............. 201
Factors Influencing the Technical Upgrade ..................... 202
Contents jx
The Upgrade Process ........................................ 202
Upgrade Preparation: PREPARE Program ...................... 205
Additional Upgrade Tools .................................... 208
The Software Upgrade: R3UP ................................. 209
After R3UP ................................................ 210
Modification Adjustment .................................... 210
Troubleshooting the Upgrade ...................................... 214
Unicode Conversion ......................................... 214
Chapter 6 The Change and Transport System.................................. 215
What s New in the Transport System with the Web
Application Server? ............................................. 217
Overview of the Complete Process of Transporting Objects
from a Source System to a Target System .................... 217
Transport System Concepts ........................................ 220
Repository and Development Objects .......................... 220
Customizing ............................................... 220
The Two Main Types of Change Requests ...................... 220
Clients and Type of Data in SAP Systems ....................... 221
Roles Involved in the Transport Process ........................ 222
SAP System Group .......................................... 224
Transport Layer ............................................. 224
Transport Routes ........................................... 224
Extended Transport Control .................................. 225
Change Requests ........................................... 225
Tasks ...................................................... 227
Development Teams ......................................... 228
Packages (Formerly Development Classes) ..................... 228
Version Management ........................................ 228
Requests Documentation ..................................... 229
Repairs and Original Objects ................................. 229
System Types ............................................... 231
System Change Options ..................................... 231
Functions of the Systems ..................................... 232
Managing Packages ............................................... 235
Configuration of the Transport System ............................... 236
Step 1. Initializing the Change and Transport Organizer .......... 237
Step 2. Setting Up the Transport Directory and the tp Program
(TPPARAM) ............................................. 238
Step 3. Configuring the Transport Management
System (TMS) ............................................ 238
Step 4. Setting the System Change Option
and the Client Settings .................................... 239
SAP R/3 Handbook
The Transport Management System (TMS) ........................... 239
Configuring Systems and Domains ............................ 240
Configuring Transport Routes ................................ 243
Distributing and Verifying TMS Configuration ................. 245
Working with the Transport Organizer ............................... 246
Creating Change Requests ................................... 246
Releasing Tasks and Requests ................................. 248
Monitoring Transports and Repairs ........................... 249
Transport Rules ............................................. 250
Checking Transport Results .................................. 252
Object Attributes ........................................... 253
Transport Organizer Tools ................................... 255
Performing Transports with the TMS ................................ 255
Using tp, the Transport Control Program ............................. 258
Setting Up the tp Program ................................... 259
Overview of Options for the tp Program ....................... 263
Working with Imports Using tp ............................... 265
Managing Special Transports ................................. 267
The Interface between tp and ABAP ........................... 268
Overview of the R3trans Program ................................... 269
Chapter 7 Development Options with SAP Solutions: ABAP Engine .............. 271
The ABAP Workbench ............................................. 271
Basic Concepts of the Development Environment ............... 272
The ABAP Dictionary ............................................. 274
The ABAP Dictionary in SAP Systems ......................... 275
ABAP Dictionary Objects .................................... 278
Introduction to the ABAP Programming Language .................... 303
Basics of the Syntax of the ABAP Programming Language ........ 305
My First ABAP Program, Hello SAP World!!! ................... 314
Testing and Debugging ABAP ...................................... 315
ABAP Debugger ............................................ 317
Extended Program Check .................................... 319
ABAP Units ................................................ 320
Connectors ....................................................... 321
SAP Business Connector ..................................... 322
SAP Marketplace Connector .................................. 322
SAP Java Connector ......................................... 323
SAP .Net Connector ......................................... 323
SAP DCOM Connector ...................................... 323
RFC Library ................................................ 324
SOAP Processor ............................................ 324
What Is New in the ABAP Development Environment
with the SAP WAS .............................................. 324
Contents xi
What Is New in the ABAP Development Environment ........... 324
New Elements of the ABAP Programming Language ............ 333
Web Development with ABAP: Business Server Page (BSP) ............. 340
Developing a BSP ........................................... 340
Your First BSP: Hello World!!! ................................ 341
Overview of BSP Concepts ................................... 345
Chapters User Management and Security in SAP Environments ................ 351
Overview of Security Concepts ..................................... 352
Security Policy Basics ........................................ 353
Risks and Vulnerabilities ..................................... 354
Basic Security Processes ..................................... 354
Cryptography .............................................. 356
Single Sign-On (SSO) ........................................ 359
LDAP ..................................................... 360
Secure Socket Layer Protocol (SSL) ............................ 360
SAP Security Infrastructure ........................................ 361
What Type of Security Is Standard on SAP Systems? ............. 362
How Can SAP Security Be Improved? ......................... 363
The Multilayer SAP Security Infrastructure ..................... 363
Security at the Presentation Level ............................. 363
Application-Level Security ................................... 364
Security at the Database Level ................................ 364
Operating System-Level Security ............................. 365
Network-Level Security ...................................... 365
Transport System-Level Security ............................. 366
Secure Network Communications (SNC) ....................... 366
Remote Communications-Level Security ...................... 367
Document Transfer-Level Security ............................ 367
Introduction to SSF (Secure Store and Forward) ................. 367
Internet-Level Security ...................................... 369
Logging and Auditing ....................................... 369
SAP Trust Center Services .................................... 370
Management of Users, Authorizations, and Roles ..................... 370
Overview of User Administration ................................... 371
Managing User Master Records ............................... 371
Creating Users .............................................. 373
User Master Records Fields .................................. 376
Available Defaults and Options for User Master Records ......... 377
Managing User Groups ...................................... 379
Modifying User Master Records .............................. 379
User Information System ..................................... 380
Password Management ...................................... 380
Managing SAP System Superusers ............................ 383
Xii SAP R/3 Handbook
The Authorization System in SAP WAS .............................. 385
Authorization Profiles ....................................... 386
Roles ...................................................... 389
Working with the Role Maintenance Tool ............................ 391
How the Role Maintenance Works ............................ 392
Configuring the Profile Generator ............................. 392
Basic Concepts for Working with Roles ........................ 393
Creating Roles .............................................. 394
Tracing Authorizations ...................................... 397
Organizing the Maintenance of the Authorization System .............. 398
Creating New Authorization Checks .......................... 399
Chapter 9 Web Application Server System Management ...................... 401
General SAP System Management .................................. 401
Checking the Installation ..................................... 402
Displaying and Monitoring the SAP Instances
and Application Servers ................................... 402
Monitoring the System Work Processes ........................ 404
Monitoring and Managing User Sessions ....................... 408
Posting System Messages .................................... 409
Displaying and Managing Update Records ..................... 410
Update Process Concepts .................................... 411
Distribution of Update Work Processes ........................ 412
Monitoring Update Records .................................. 412
Displaying and Managing Lock Entries .............................. 415
Client Copies ..................................................... 416
Client Copy Tools ........................................... 417
Creating a New Client ....................................... 418
Requirements for Creating Clients and for the Copy Process ...... 421
Client Copy Logs ........................................... 425
Transporting Clients between Two SAP Systems ................ 425
Managing the Background System .................................. 427
Introduction to Background Processing ........................ 428
Background Jobs ............................................ 429
Starting Background Processing .............................. 430
Defining Background Jobs .................................... 431
Management Operations on Background Jobs .................. 442
The Graphical Monitoring Tool ............................... 445
SAP Printing System .............................................. 447
Concepts of the SAP Spool System Architecture ................. 448
The Spool Work Process ..................................... 450
Spool Servers, Hierarchies, and Loan Balancing ................. 451
Defining Spool Server ....................................... 452
Managing Spool Requests .................................... 453
Contents xiii
Printing and Displaying Spool Requests ....................... 455
Connecting Printers to the Operating Systems Spool ............. 457
Defining SAP Printer Devices ................................. 458
Logical Output Devices and Device Pools ...................... 462
Troubleshooting Printing Problems ........................... 466
SAP Printing System Administration Tasks ..................... 466
The Web Components of the SAP Web Application Server .............. 468
The SAP Web Dispatcher ..................................... 468
Monitoring the Internet Communication Manager ............... 468
The SAP J2EE Engine ........................................ 470
Monitoring the SAP J2EE .................................... 471
Chapter 10 Performance and Troubleshooting with SAP Solutions ............... 473
Performance Analysis ............................................. 473
The Work Process Monitor ................................... 474
Analyzing Possible Performance Issues ........................ 476
The Workload Analysis Monitor .............................. 478
Troubleshooting RFC Communications ........................ 484
Troubleshooting the Presentation Server Response Time ......... 486
Analyzing Specific Business Transactions ...................... 487
Troubleshooting Specific Performance Problems
with the SQL Trace ....................................... 488
Troubleshooting Specific Performance Problems
with an ABAP Trace ...................................... 490
Memory Management ............................................. 490
The Memory Areas in a SAP System ........................... 491
The Buffers in a SAP Instance ................................. 495
Monitoring SAP Buffers ...................................... 498
Hardware Capacity Analysis ....................................... 499
The Operating System Monitor ............................... 499
Troubleshooting CPU Bottlenecks ............................. 500
Troubleshooting Physical Memory ............................ 501
Database Analysis ................................................ 501
Workload Distribution ............................................. 506
The SAP Instance ........................................... 506
The SAP Profiles for Parameter Settings ........................ 508
Working with Workload Distribution .......................... 510
Troubleshooting in System Administration ........................... 513
Troubleshooting the Update Process ........................... 513
Troubleshooting Lock Entries ................................. 515
The System Log ............................................. 516
Displaying and Troubleshooting ABAP Short Dumps ............ 518
The System Tracing Utilities .................................. 520
Troubleshooting the Background Processing System ............. 522
XJV SAP R/3 Handbook
Database Space Management ....................................... 528
The Tables and Indexes Monitor .............................. 529
The Alert Monitors ................................................ 530
Architecture of the Alert Monitors ............................ 531
The Alert Monitors .......................................... 532
Chapter II SAP for IT Managers: Implementation, Planning, Operation,
and Support of SAP Systems .................................... 535
SAP Projects ..................................................... 535
SAP Implementation Tools ................................... 537
SAP Customizing ........................................... 540
Introduction to AcceleratedSAP (ASAP) ............................. 540
Phase 1: Project Preparation .................................. 542
Phase 2: Business Blueprint .................................. 543
Phase 3: Realization ......................................... 544
Phase 4: Final Preparation .................................... 545
Phase 5: Go Live and Support ................................ 545
SAP Solution Manager ............................................. 546
SAP Solution Manager for Functional Implementation ........... 547
Solution Manager Roadmaps ................................. 551
Solution Manager Implementation Tools ....................... 554
Business Blueprint .......................................... 558
Realization ................................................. 559
Challenges of SAP Solution Projects: Technology Issues ................ 560
SAP Technical Implementation ............................... 560
Systems Landscape ......................................... 561
Sizing ..................................................... 562
Security ................................................... 563
SAP System Management .................................... 563
Skill Sets for Systems Managers ............................... 565
Planning Systems Management ............................... 567
Organizing Change Management and Transport Requests ........ 568
Installations and Upgrades ................................... 569
Information Integrity Issues .................................. 570
High Availability and Cluster Systems ......................... 570
Backup and Recovery ....................................... 571
Operating System Backup Utilities ............................ 574
SAP Procedures Guide ............................................. 575
The Administration and Operation Manual .......................... 577
Roles When Implementing and Supporting SAP Solutions .............. 580
Introduction to the Help Desk ...................................... 583
Index ........................................................ 587
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Acknowledgments . xvii
Chapter! SAP: FromSAPR/3toSAPNetWeaver . 1
SAP Strategic Evolution . 1
The ERP Basics . 2
SAP Transformation into a Global Business
Solutions Company . 4
SAP for Industries . 5
The Emergence of the New Dimension Products . 6
Solution Maps and Business Scenario Maps . 7
mySAP.com . 8
SAP Product Portfolio in the SAP NetWeaver Age . 10
SAP R/3 Releases and Fundamentals . 13
R/3 Release 3.0 . 13
R/3 Release 3.1 . 14
R/3 Release 4.0 . 15
R/3 Release 4.5 . 16
EnjoySAP Release: R/3 4.6 . 17
Enterprise Release: SAP R/3 4.7 . 17
Description of Our Good Old and Still Great R/3 . 21
Multitier Client/Server Solutions . 22
Open Technology . 24
User Interface . 27
ABAP Development Workbench . 27
Application Integration . 28
Customizing Tools . 28
SAP Enterprise Core (R/3) Applications Overview . 30
Financial Applications . 30
Human Resources Applications . 32
Logistics Applications . 33
Cross-Application Components . 37
SAP Services Overview . 38
Online Services: The SAP Service Marketplace . 39
SAPnet-R/3 Front End (OSS) . 40
EarlyWatch and EarlyWatch Alert . 41
Chapter 2 The Architecture of the SAP Web Application Server . 43
The SAP Web Application Server . 44
SAP R/3 up to 4.6C: The Basis Software . 45
¥
yj SAP R/3 Handbook
Basic Architectural Concepts . 46
Transaction . 46
Dialog Step . 46
Logical Units of Work (LUWs) . 47
Clients . 48
The System Central Interfaces . 48
Operating System Interface . 49
The Dispatcher Process . 50
Work Process Architecture . 51
Services: Work Processes Types . 53
Dialog Work Processes . 54
Background Work Processes . 55
Spool Work Process . 57
Enqueue Work Process . 58
Update Work Process . 59
Message Server . 61
Gateway Server . 61
Presentation Interface . 62
Database Interface . 63
SAP Web AS Communication Protocols and Interfaces . 64
Memory Management . 66
The Concept of SAP Instance . 67
Building the Client/Server SAP Web AS System . 68
SAP Business Framework . 68
Client/Server Foundation . 69
RFC: A Key Communication Middleware . 71
BAPI . 71
IDOCs . 72
ALE . 72
The Internet Transaction Server (ITS) . 74
Internet Business Framework . 76
XML . 77
The Architecture of the SAP Web Application Server . 78
The Internet Communication Manager . 78
ICM Plug-Ins . 79
A Closer Look at the HTTP Plug-In . 79
A Look at the Internet Server . 80
An Inside Look at the Web Dispatcher . 81
Memory and the Web Dispatcher . 81
Running and Stopping the Web Dispatcher . 82
Dual Role for the Web Application Server . 83
The Web Dispatcher and the SAP J2EE Engine . 83
Distributing SAP Systems and Services . 83
Instance Profiles . 84
Contents vii
User Distribution: Logon Load Balancing
and the SAP Logon Utility . 89
Logon Groups Configuration . 89
The SAP Logon Application . 92
Starting and Stopping SAP Systems . 96
Starting and Stopping SAP WAS for ABAP under Windows . 99
Further Guidelines for Productive Environments . 100
Chapter 3 SAP NetWeaver: An Overview . 101
Enterprise Service Architecture . 101
What's SAP NetWeaver? . 102
SAP NetWeaver Application Platform . 105
SAP Enterprise Portal . 107
iViews . 109
The Portal Platform . 110
The Knowledge Management Platform . 110
Collaboration . 110
Predefined Content and Content Tools . Ill
SAP Mobile Infrastructure . Ill
SAP Business Information Warehouse . 112
Architecture of the Business Warehouse . 113
BW within SAP NetWeaver and New Features . 115
SAP Master Data Management . 117
SAP Exchange Infrastructure 3.0 . 117
SAP XI Communication Options . 119
SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio . 119
Developing Web Dynpros . 122
Steps for the Creation Process of a Web Dynpro Application . 123
Basic Web Dynpro . 123
Planning SAP NetWeaver Installations . 139
Installation and Planning Concepts . 140
Installation Elements . 141
Documentation Required for Planning and Installation . 142
Variants of SAP Web AS . 142
Platforms . 143
System Landscape Directory . 143
SAP NetWeaver Rapid Installer . 144
The Sizing Process . 145
Installation Notes . 147
Chapter4 Using SAP Systems . 149
Logging On and Off the System . 149
Passwords . 151
VJii SAP R/3 Handbook
Logging Off . 154
The User Interface: Main Screen Elements of the SAP GUI . 155
The Standard Toolbar . 158
The Screen Layout Menu . 159
Personalizing the Favorites . 164
Role-Based Scenarios . 164
Shortcuts . 166
System Status Information . 166
Working with SAP User Sessions . 168
Moving Around the SAP Systems . 169
Moving Around with Transaction Codes . 171
Working with Information . 172
Possible Entries for an Input Field . 172
Facilities for Entering the Same Data Repeatedly . 174
Input Field Default Values with User Parameters . 175
Getting Help in SAP Systems . 176
Working with Reports . 178
Looking for Reports . 179
Executing Reports . 180
Using Selection Criteria . 180
Working with Reports Variants . 181
Working with Background Jobs . 183
Scheduling Background Jobs . 184
User Printing . 186
Print Attributes . 187
Monitoring the Status of Your Print Requests . 189
Additional User Utilities . 189
Sending Short Messages . 189
Downloading Files to Your Desktop Workstation . 190
Upgrading to SAP R/3 Enterprise: The First Step into SAP NetWeaver. 191
Considerations for an Upgrade Project . 192
Upgrading to SAP R/3 Enterprise: What Is New? . 193
SAP Upgrade Projects . 195
Key Success Factors in an Upgrade Project . 196
Methodology: The Upgrade Roadmap . 196
Upgrade Project Plan . 197
The Upgrade Script . 199
Gap Analysis . 200
Upgrading to SAP R/3 Enterprise: An Organizational View . 200
Key Users and the Functional Team . 201
Upgrading to SAP R/3 Enterprise: Technical Point of View . 201
Factors Influencing the Technical Upgrade . 202
Contents jx
The Upgrade Process . 202
Upgrade Preparation: PREPARE Program . 205
Additional Upgrade Tools . 208
The Software Upgrade: R3UP . 209
After R3UP . 210
Modification Adjustment . 210
Troubleshooting the Upgrade . 214
Unicode Conversion . 214
Chapter 6 The Change and Transport System. 215
What's New in the Transport System with the Web
Application Server? . 217
Overview of the Complete Process of Transporting Objects
from a Source System to a Target System . 217
Transport System Concepts . 220
Repository and Development Objects . 220
Customizing . 220
The Two Main Types of Change Requests . 220
Clients and Type of Data in SAP Systems . 221
Roles Involved in the Transport Process . 222
SAP System Group . 224
Transport Layer . 224
Transport Routes . 224
Extended Transport Control . 225
Change Requests . 225
Tasks . 227
Development Teams . 228
Packages (Formerly Development Classes) . 228
Version Management . 228
Requests Documentation . 229
Repairs and Original Objects . 229
System Types . 231
System Change Options . 231
Functions of the Systems . 232
Managing Packages . 235
Configuration of the Transport System . 236
Step 1. Initializing the Change and Transport Organizer . 237
Step 2. Setting Up the Transport Directory and the tp Program
(TPPARAM) . 238
Step 3. Configuring the Transport Management
System (TMS) . 238
Step 4. Setting the System Change Option
and the Client Settings . 239
SAP R/3 Handbook
The Transport Management System (TMS) . 239
Configuring Systems and Domains . 240
Configuring Transport Routes . 243
Distributing and Verifying TMS Configuration . 245
Working with the Transport Organizer . 246
Creating Change Requests . 246
Releasing Tasks and Requests . 248
Monitoring Transports and Repairs . 249
Transport Rules . 250
Checking Transport Results . 252
Object Attributes . 253
Transport Organizer Tools . 255
Performing Transports with the TMS . 255
Using tp, the Transport Control Program . 258
Setting Up the tp Program . 259
Overview of Options for the tp Program . 263
Working with Imports Using tp . 265
Managing Special Transports . 267
The Interface between tp and ABAP . 268
Overview of the R3trans Program . 269
Chapter 7 Development Options with SAP Solutions: ABAP Engine . 271
The ABAP Workbench . 271
Basic Concepts of the Development Environment . 272
The ABAP Dictionary . 274
The ABAP Dictionary in SAP Systems . 275
ABAP Dictionary Objects . 278
Introduction to the ABAP Programming Language . 303
Basics of the Syntax of the ABAP Programming Language . 305
My First ABAP Program, Hello SAP World!!! . 314
Testing and Debugging ABAP . 315
ABAP Debugger . 317
Extended Program Check . 319
ABAP Units . 320
Connectors . 321
SAP Business Connector . 322
SAP Marketplace Connector . 322
SAP Java Connector . 323
SAP .Net Connector . 323
SAP DCOM Connector . 323
RFC Library . 324
SOAP Processor . 324
What Is New in the ABAP Development Environment
with the SAP WAS . 324
Contents xi
What Is New in the ABAP Development Environment . 324
New Elements of the ABAP Programming Language . 333
Web Development with ABAP: Business Server Page (BSP) . 340
Developing a BSP . 340
Your First BSP: Hello World!!! . 341
Overview of BSP Concepts . 345
Chapters User Management and Security in SAP Environments . 351
Overview of Security Concepts . 352
Security Policy Basics . 353
Risks and Vulnerabilities . 354
Basic Security Processes . 354
Cryptography . 356
Single Sign-On (SSO) . 359
LDAP . 360
Secure Socket Layer Protocol (SSL) . 360
SAP Security Infrastructure . 361
What Type of Security Is Standard on SAP Systems? . 362
How Can SAP Security Be Improved? . 363
The Multilayer SAP Security Infrastructure . 363
Security at the Presentation Level . 363
Application-Level Security . 364
Security at the Database Level . 364
Operating System-Level Security . 365
Network-Level Security . 365
Transport System-Level Security . 366
Secure Network Communications (SNC) . 366
Remote Communications-Level Security . 367
Document Transfer-Level Security . 367
Introduction to SSF (Secure Store and Forward) . 367
Internet-Level Security . 369
Logging and Auditing . 369
SAP Trust Center Services . 370
Management of Users, Authorizations, and Roles . 370
Overview of User Administration . 371
Managing User Master Records . 371
Creating Users . 373
User Master Records Fields . 376
Available Defaults and Options for User Master Records . 377
Managing User Groups . 379
Modifying User Master Records . 379
User Information System . 380
Password Management . 380
Managing SAP System Superusers . 383
Xii SAP R/3 Handbook
The Authorization System in SAP WAS . 385
Authorization Profiles . 386
Roles . 389
Working with the Role Maintenance Tool . 391
How the Role Maintenance Works . 392
Configuring the Profile Generator . 392
Basic Concepts for Working with Roles . 393
Creating Roles . 394
Tracing Authorizations . 397
Organizing the Maintenance of the Authorization System . 398
Creating New Authorization Checks . 399
Chapter 9 Web Application Server System Management . 401
General SAP System Management . 401
Checking the Installation . 402
Displaying and Monitoring the SAP Instances
and Application Servers . 402
Monitoring the System Work Processes . 404
Monitoring and Managing User Sessions . 408
Posting System Messages . 409
Displaying and Managing Update Records . 410
Update Process Concepts . 411
Distribution of Update Work Processes . 412
Monitoring Update Records . 412
Displaying and Managing Lock Entries . 415
Client Copies . 416
Client Copy Tools . 417
Creating a New Client . 418
Requirements for Creating Clients and for the Copy Process . 421
Client Copy Logs . 425
Transporting Clients between Two SAP Systems . 425
Managing the Background System . 427
Introduction to Background Processing . 428
Background Jobs . 429
Starting Background Processing . 430
Defining Background Jobs . 431
Management Operations on Background Jobs . 442
The Graphical Monitoring Tool . 445
SAP Printing System . 447
Concepts of the SAP Spool System Architecture . 448
The Spool Work Process . 450
Spool Servers, Hierarchies, and Loan Balancing . 451
Defining Spool Server . 452
Managing Spool Requests . 453
Contents xiii
Printing and Displaying Spool Requests . 455
Connecting Printers to the Operating Systems Spool . 457
Defining SAP Printer Devices . 458
Logical Output Devices and Device Pools . 462
Troubleshooting Printing Problems . 466
SAP Printing System Administration Tasks . 466
The Web Components of the SAP Web Application Server . 468
The SAP Web Dispatcher . 468
Monitoring the Internet Communication Manager . 468
The SAP J2EE Engine . 470
Monitoring the SAP J2EE . 471
Chapter 10 Performance and Troubleshooting with SAP Solutions . 473
Performance Analysis . 473
The Work Process Monitor . 474
Analyzing Possible Performance Issues . 476
The Workload Analysis Monitor . 478
Troubleshooting RFC Communications . 484
Troubleshooting the Presentation Server Response Time . 486
Analyzing Specific Business Transactions . 487
Troubleshooting Specific Performance Problems
with the SQL Trace . 488
Troubleshooting Specific Performance Problems
with an ABAP Trace . 490
Memory Management . 490
The Memory Areas in a SAP System . 491
The Buffers in a SAP Instance . 495
Monitoring SAP Buffers . 498
Hardware Capacity Analysis . 499
The Operating System Monitor . 499
Troubleshooting CPU Bottlenecks . 500
Troubleshooting Physical Memory . 501
Database Analysis . 501
Workload Distribution . 506
The SAP Instance . 506
The SAP Profiles for Parameter Settings . 508
Working with Workload Distribution . 510
Troubleshooting in System Administration . 513
Troubleshooting the Update Process . 513
Troubleshooting Lock Entries . 515
The System Log . 516
Displaying and Troubleshooting ABAP Short Dumps . 518
The System Tracing Utilities . 520
Troubleshooting the Background Processing System . 522
XJV SAP R/3 Handbook
Database Space Management . 528
The Tables and Indexes Monitor . 529
The Alert Monitors . 530
Architecture of the Alert Monitors . 531
The Alert Monitors . 532
Chapter II SAP for IT Managers: Implementation, Planning, Operation,
and Support of SAP Systems . 535
SAP Projects . 535
SAP Implementation Tools . 537
SAP Customizing . 540
Introduction to AcceleratedSAP (ASAP) . 540
Phase 1: Project Preparation . 542
Phase 2: Business Blueprint . 543
Phase 3: Realization . 544
Phase 4: Final Preparation . 545
Phase 5: Go Live and Support . 545
SAP Solution Manager . 546
SAP Solution Manager for Functional Implementation . 547
Solution Manager Roadmaps . 551
Solution Manager Implementation Tools . 554
Business Blueprint . 558
Realization . 559
Challenges of SAP Solution Projects: Technology Issues . 560
SAP Technical Implementation . 560
Systems Landscape . 561
Sizing . 562
Security . 563
SAP System Management . 563
Skill Sets for Systems Managers . 565
Planning Systems Management . 567
Organizing Change Management and Transport Requests . 568
Installations and Upgrades . 569
Information Integrity Issues . 570
High Availability and Cluster Systems . 570
Backup and Recovery . 571
Operating System Backup Utilities . 574
SAP Procedures Guide . 575
The Administration and Operation Manual . 577
Roles When Implementing and Supporting SAP Solutions . 580
Introduction to the Help Desk . 583
Index . 587 |
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| author | Hernández, José Antonio Keogh, Jim Martinez, Franklin |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:56:47Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:40:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0072257164 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Hernández, José Antonio Verfasser (DE-588)120621320 aut The SAP R/3 handbook José Antonio Hernández ; Jim Keogh ; Franklin Martinez 3. ed. New York [u.a.] McGraw-Hill 2006 XVII, 606 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier A guide to SAP R/3 programming covers such topics as data modeling, systems architecture, and systems installation. SAP R/3 Client/server computing SAP R/3 (DE-588)4343439-3 gnd rswk-swf SAP R/3 (DE-588)4343439-3 s DE-604 Keogh, Jim Verfasser aut Martinez, Franklin Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014845122&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hernández, José Antonio Keogh, Jim Martinez, Franklin The SAP R/3 handbook SAP R/3 Client/server computing SAP R/3 (DE-588)4343439-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4343439-3 |
| title | The SAP R/3 handbook |
| title_auth | The SAP R/3 handbook |
| title_exact_search | The SAP R/3 handbook |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The SAP R/3 handbook |
| title_full | The SAP R/3 handbook José Antonio Hernández ; Jim Keogh ; Franklin Martinez |
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| title_full_unstemmed | The SAP R/3 handbook José Antonio Hernández ; Jim Keogh ; Franklin Martinez |
| title_short | The SAP R/3 handbook |
| title_sort | the sap r 3 handbook |
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