Environmental science and technology: a sustainable approach to green science and technology
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.]
Taylor & Francis
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 646 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0849395127 9780849395123 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 020 | |a 0849395127 |c alk. paper |9 0-8493-9512-7 | ||
| 020 | |a 9780849395123 |9 978-0-8493-9512-3 | ||
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| 084 | |a UMW 001f |2 stub | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Manahan, Stanley E. |d 1937- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)172247438 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Environmental science and technology |b a sustainable approach to green science and technology |c Stanley E. Manahan |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] |b Taylor & Francis |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 646 S. |b Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental sciences | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ecological engineering | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Umweltwissenschaften |0 (DE-588)4137364-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Umwelttechnik |0 (DE-588)4061650-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Umweltwissenschaften |0 (DE-588)4137364-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Umwelttechnik |0 (DE-588)4061650-2 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |C b |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m OEBV Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014842135&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014842135 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135422670929920 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ********* * * * * * * * * * * * * T H E A U T H O R * I X * 1.* S
U S T A I N A B I L I T Y T H R O U G H G R E E N S C I E N C E
AND* T E C H N O L O G Y 1 * 1.1.* SUSTAINABILITY 1 * AS WE
ENTER T H E ANTHROPOEENE 2 * AEHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY 2 * THE
EEONOMIES O F SUSTAINABILITY 3 * 1.2.* NATURAL C A P I T A L
AND T H E Q U A L I T Y O F L I F E 4 * 1.3.*
SUSTAINABILITY AND T H E C O M M O N G O O D 6 * 1.4.* T H E
M A S T E R EQUATION 8 * 1.5.* T H E GOALS AND P R I O R I T
I E S O F G R E E N S C I E N C E AND* T E C H N O L O G Y
9 * 1.6.* G R E E N S C I E N C E 10* 1.7.* G R E E N T E
C H N O L O G Y 11* 1.8.* L I F E - C Y C L E ANALYSIS 12* 1.9.* T
H E E C O - E C O N O M Y AND E C O - E F F I C I E N C Y 14*
1.10.* DESIGN F O R E N V I R O N M E N T 15* 1.11.* G R E E N
PRODUCTS AND S E R V I C E S 16* 1.12.* TWELVE P R I N C I P L E S
O F G R E E N S C I E N C E AND T E C H N O L O G Y 17*
DEPLETION O F E A R T H S RESOUREES AND E N V I R O N M E N T A
L D E S T R U E T I O N 18* NUMBER O F PEOPLE TIMES D E M A N D
P E R PERSON 19* TECHNOLOGY W I L L B E USED 20* THE
ANTHROSPHERE 21* ENERGY: KEY TO SUSTAINABILITY 21* PROTEETION O F C L
I M A T E 22* MAINTENANEE AND E N H A N E E M E N T O F
BIOLOGIEAL A N D F O O D P R O D U E T I V I T Y 23* REDUETION
O F M A T E R I A L D E M A N D 2 4 * M I N I M I Z A T I O
N O F TOXIE, DANGEROUS, PERSISTENT SUBSTANEES 25* QUALITY O F
LIFE 26* THE RISKS O F NO RISKS 27* T H E AEHIEVEMENT O F
SUSTAINABILITY 27* L I T E R A T U R E C I T E D 28* SUPPLEMENTARY
R E F E R E N C E S 29* QUESTIONS AND P R O B L E M S 31* X I I
E N V I R O N M E N T A L S C I E N C E S A N D TECHNOLOGY: A
S U S T A I N A B L E A P P R O A C H 2. T H E F I V E E
N V I R O N M E N T A L S P H E R E S * 3S 2.1. I N T R O D U C T
I O N * 35* 2 . 2 . T H E H Y D R O S P H E R E * 35* 2 . 3
. T H E A T M O S P H E R E * 40* 2.4. T H E G E O S P H E R
E * 4 4 * 2 . 5 . T H E B I O S P H E R E * 47* 2 . 6 . *
T H E A N T H R O S P H E R E 51* T H E S O C I O S P H E R
E 5 4 * 2.7. C Y C L E S O F M A T T E R 56* S U P P L E
M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N C E S 58* Q U E S T I O N S AND P R
O B L E M S 59* 3. G R E E N C H E M I S T R Y , BIOLOGY, AND B
I O C H E M I S T R Y 61* 3.1. I N T R O D U C T I O N * 61* 3 . 2
. * I N T R O D U C T I O N T O C H E M I S T R Y : ATOMS
AND E L E M E N T S 61* ATOMS 62* 3 . 3 . E L E M E N T S AND T
H E P E R I O D I C T A B L E * 63* 3 . 4 . * C H E M I C A
L C O M P O U N D S AND C H E M I C A L BONDS 6 6 * C H E M
I C A L COMPOUNDS WITH COVALENT BONDS 66* IONIC BONDS 67* 3 . 5 .
D E A L I N G W I T H M A T T E R Q U A N T I T A T I V E L Y :
T H E M O L E * 69* 3 . 6 . C H E M I C A L R E A C T I O
N S AND E Q U A T I O N S * 69* 3.7. P H Y S I C A L P R O P E
R T I E S AND S T A T E S O F M A T T E R * 70* 3.8. T H E R
M A L P R O P E R T I E S O F M A T T E R * 72* 3.9. A C I D
S , BASES, AND SALTS 73* ACIDS 73* ~~ T I * S A L T S 74* D I
S S O C I A T I O N O F ACIDS A N D BASES I N WATER 74*
HYDROGEN ION C O N C E N T R A T I O N A N D PH 74* 3.10.* O R G A
N I C C H E M I S T R Y 75* M O L E C U L A R G E O M E T R Y
I N ORGANIC C H E M I S T R Y 76* 3.11.* H Y D R O C A R B O N
S 76* A L K A N E S 77* F O R M U L A S O F A L K A N E S
77* N A M I N G ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 78* REACTIVITY O F A L K A N E S
79* U N S A T U R A T E D HYDROCARBONS 79* 3 . 1 2 . G R E E N
C H E M I S T R Y * 81* 3.13. B I O L O G Y * 83* 3.14.* C E L
L S : B A S I C U N I T S O F L I F E 85* P R O K A R Y O
T I C CELLS 85* E U K A R Y O T I C CELLS 86* 3.15.* M E T A B O L
I S M AND C O N T R O L I N O R G A N I S M S 86* E N Z Y M
E S I N M E T A B O L I S M 87* NUTRIENTS 88* REGULATION O F
M E T A B O L I S M 89* C O N T E N T S X111 3.16. B I O C H E M I
C A L S A N D B I O C H E M I S T R Y 9 0 * CMBOHYMMES 9 0 *
PROTEINS 92* LIPIDS: FATS, OILS, AND HORMONES 93* NUCLEIC ACIDS 93* L
I T E R A T U R E C I T E D 9 6 * Q U E S T I O N S AND P R
O B L E M S 9 6 * 4.* WATER: A U N I Q U E SUBSTANCE E S S E
N T I A L F O R L I F E 99* 4.1.* A F A N T A S T I C M O
L E C U L E 9 9 * 4 . 2 . * W A T E R AS AN E S S E N T I A
L R E S O U R C E 1 0 0 * 4.3.* O C C U R R E N C E O F W
A T E R 102* 4.4.* W A T E R U T I L I Z A T I O N 105* 4.5.* S
T A N D I N G B O D I E S O F W A T E R 1 0 7 * 4.6.* F L
O W I N G W A T E R 109* SEDIMENTATION BY FLOWING WATER 109*
FREE-FLOWING RIVERS 110* 4.7.* G R O U N D W A T E R 111* 4.8.* I M P
O U N D M E N T A N D T R A N S F E R O F W A T E R 112*
4.9.* W A T E R : A V E R Y U S E F U L G R E E N S U B S
T A N C E 114* 4.10. W A T E R T E C H N O L O G Y AND I N D U
S T R I A L U S E 115* S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N
C E S 118* Q U E S T I O N S A N D P R O B L E M S 118* 5.*
AQUATIC BIOLOGY, M I C R O B I O L O G Y , AND C H E M I S T R Y
121* 5.1.* O R G A N I S M S I N W A T E R 121* PHYSICAL AND
CHEMICAL FACTORS I N AQUATIC LIFE 123* 5.2.* L I F E I N T H E
O C E A N 1 2 4 * 5 . 3 . * L I F E AT T H E I N T E R
F A C E O F S E A W A T E R W I T H F R E S H W A T E R A
N D * W I T H L A N D 1 2 5 * 5.4.* F R E S H W A T E R L
I F E 1 2 6 * 5.5. M I C R O O R G A N I S M S I N W A T E R
1 2 8 * ALGAE I N WATER 128* FUNGI I N WATER 128* B A C T E
R I A I N WATER 129* FACTORS A F F E C T I N G B A C T E R I A
L GROWTH 129* 5.6.* M I C R O O R G A N I S M S A N D E L E M E
N T A L T R A N S I T I O N S 131* MICROBIAL DEGRADATION O F
ORGANIE M A T T E R 133* 5.7.* A C I D - B A S E P H E N O M E N A
I N AQUATIC C H E M I S T R Y 1 3 4 * A L K A L I N I T Y
134* ACIDITY 134* CMBON DIOXIDE I N WATER 135* 5 . 8 . * P H A S E
I N T E R A C T I O N S A N D S O L U B I L I T Y 1 3 6 *
GASES 137* CMBON DIOXIDE AND CMBONATE SPECIES I N WATER 138*
SEDIMENTS 138* COLLOIDS I N WATER 139* X I V * E N V I R O N M E N
T A L SCIENCES A N D TECHNOLOGY: A S U S T A I N A B L E
APPROACH 5.9.* O X I D A T I O N - R E D U C T I O N 141* 5.10.* M E
T A L I O N S A N D C A L C I U M I N W A T E R 143* C
A L C I U M A N D H A R D N E S S I N WATER 143* 5.11. C O M
P L E X A T I O N A N D S P E C I A T I O N O F M E T A L S
144* O R G A N O M E T A L L I C COMPOUNDS 146* S U P P L E M E N
T A R Y R E F E R E N C E S 146* Q U E S T I O N S A N D P R
O B L E M S 147* 6.* K E E P I N G W A T E R G R E E N * 149
6.1.* W A T E R P O L L U T I O N : G R E E N W A T E R MAY
N O T B E S O G R E E N 149* 6 . 2 . * N A T U R E A N
D T Y P E S O F W A T E R P O L L U T A N T S 149* 6 . 3
. * H E A V Y M E T A L S 150* O R G A N I C A L L Y B O U N
D M E T A L WATER POLLUTANTS 151* HEAVY M E T A L POLLUTANTS
AND G R E E N TECHNOLOGY 152* 6 . 4 . * I N O R G A N I C W A T
E R P O L L U T A N T S 153* ACIDITY 154* WATER POLLUTANTS T H A T
A R E JUST TOO NUTRITIOUS 154* 6 . 5 . * O R G A N I C W A T
E R P O L L U T A N T S 155* OXYGEN-DEMANDING SUBSTANCES 155*
SEWAGE 156* DETERGENTS I N SEWAGE 156* 6 . 6 . * P E S T I C I D E
S I N W A T E R 157* I N S E C T I C I D E S 158* HERBICIDES
160* T H E I N F A M O U S DIOXIN 161* 6.7.* P O L Y C H L O R I N
A T E D B I P H E N Y L S ( P C B S ) 161* 6 . 8 . * R A D I
O A C T I V E S U B S T A N C E S I N W A T E R 162* 6.9.* M
U N I C I P A L W A T E R T R E A T M E N T A N D G R E E N
O Z O N E F O R W A T E R * D I S I N F E C T I O N 164*
6.10.* T R E A T M E N T O F W A T E R F O R I N D U S T R I
A L U S E 166* 6.11.* W A S T E W A T E R T R E A T M E N T
167* 6 . 1 2 . * W A T E R AS A G R E E N R E S O U R C E
169* 6.13.* A L T E R N A T I V E G R E E N U S E S O F W A
T E R 172* 6.14.* W A T E R : A M O S T U S E F U L S U B
S T A N C E 173* 6 . 1 5 . * H O T W A T E R : P R E S S U R
I Z E D S U B C R I T I C A L H O T W A T E R 175* 6.16. S U
P E R C R I T I C A L W A T E R 176* L I T E R A T U R E C I T
E D 177* S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N C E S 177* Q U
E S T I O N S A N D P R O B L E M S 178* 7.* T H E A T M O S
P H E R E : A P R O T E C T I V E B L A N K E T * 181 A R O
U N D U S * 7.1.* L I V I N G A T T H E B O T T O M O F
A S E A O F GAS 181* T H E P R O T E C T I V E
ATMOSPHERE 182* ATMOSPHERIC C H E M I S T R Y AND P H O T O C H E M I
S T R Y 183* F O R M A T I O N O F IONS I N THE ATMOSPHERE
183* 7.2.* C O M P O S I T I O N O F T H E A T M O S P H E R E
A N D A T M O S P H E R I C * W E A T H E R 184* CONTENTS
XV* 7.3.* T H E P R O P E R T I E S O F G A S E S AND T H E
GAS LAWS 186* 7.4.* T H E A T M O S P H E R E AS A M E D I U
M F O R T H E T R A N S F E R O F M A S S * AND E N E
R G Y 187* 7.5.* M E T E O R O L O G Y 1 9 0 * TOPOGRAPHICAL
EFFECTS 191* TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS 191* INFLUENCE O F OCEAN CURRENTS
192* GLOBAL AIR CIRCULATION 193* 7.6.* W E A T H E R , W E A T H E R
F R O N T S , AND S T O R M S 1 9 4 * 7.7.* C L I M A T E
1 9 7 * 7.8.* M I C R O C L I M A T E 1 9 8 * 7.9.* A T M O S P
H E R I C P A R T I C L E S 199* 7.10. T H E A T M O S P H E R
E AS A R E S E R V O I R O F N A T U R A L C A P I T A L
2 0 0 * S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N C E S 2 0 2
* Q U E S T I O N S AND P R O B L E M S 2 0 2 * 8.* E N V I
R O N M E N T A L C H E M I S T R Y O F T H E A T M O S P H
E R E 205* 8.1.* I N T R O D U C T I O N T O A T M O S P H E R
I C C H E M I S T R Y 2 0 5 * 8 . 2 . * P H O T O C H E M I
C A L P R O C E S S E S 2 0 6 * 8.3.* C H A I N R E A C T I
O N S I N T H E A T M O S P H E R E : H Y D R O X Y L A N
D * H Y D R O P E R O X Y L R A D I C A L S I N T H E A T
M O S P H E R E 2 0 8 * 8.4.* O X I D A T I O N P R O C E S S E
S I N T H E A T M O S P H E R E 210* 8.5.* A C I D - B A S E
R E A C T I O N S I N T H E A T M O S P H E R E 212*
8.6.* A I R P O L L U T I O N 213* 8.7.* E N V I R O N M E N T A L
F A T E AND T R A N S P O R T I N T H E A T M O S P H E R
E 214* 8.8.* R E A C T I O N S O F A T M O S P H E R I C
OXYGEN 216* OZONE AND THE OZONE LAYER 217* 8.9.* C A R B O N O X I D
E S 218* CARBON MONOXIDE 218* ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE 219* 8.10.*
R E A C T I O N S O F A T M O S P H E R I C N I T R O G E N
A N D I T S O X I D E S 2 2 0 * A I R POLLUTANT NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS 221* ATMOSPHERIC REACTIONS O F NO X 222* H A R M F U L
EFFECTS O F NITROGEN OXIDES 222* AMMONIA AS AN ATMOSPHERIC
POLLUTANT 223* 8.11.* S U L F U R C O M P O U N D S I N T H E
A T M O S P H E R E 2 2 3 * S U L F U R DIOXIDE REACTIONS I
N T H E ATMOSPHERE 223* EFFECTS O F ATMOSPHERIC S U L F U R
DIOXIDE 2 2 4 * HYDROGEN SULFIDE, CARBONYL SULFIDE, AND CARBON
DISULFIDE 2 2 4 * 8.12.* F L U O R I N E , C H L O R I N E , A
N D T H E I R G A S E O U S I N O R G A N I C * C O M P O U
N D S 225* CHLORINE AND HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 225* 8.13.* W A T E R I
N A T M O S P H E R I C C H E M I S T R Y 226* 8.14.* A T M O S
P H E R I C P A R T I C L E S A N D A T M O S P H E R I C C
H E M I S T R Y 2 2 6 * FORMATION AND COMPOSITION O F INORGANIC
PARTICLES 227* RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES 228* ORGANIE PARTICLES IN THE
ATMOSPHERE 229* EFFECTS O F PARTICLES 229* X V I E N V I R O N M E
N T A L S C I E N C E S A N D T E C H N O L O G Y : A S U
S T A I N A B L E A P P R O A C H 8.15.* O R G A N I C C O M P
O U N D S I N T H E A T M O S P H E R E 230* P O L L U T A N
T HYDROCARBONS 231* ORGANOOXYGEN COMPOUNDS 231* O R G A N O N I T R O
G E N COMPOUNDS 232* O R G A N O H A L I D E S 233* O R G A N O S
U L F U R COMPOUNDS 234* 8.16. P H O T O C H E M I C A L S M O G
AND I T S H A R M F U L E F F E C T S 235* S U P P L E M E N
T A L R E F E R E N C E S 238* Q U E S T I O N S AND P R O B L E M
S 239* 9.* S U S T A I N I N G AN A T M O S P H E R E F O R
L I F E ON E A R T H 243* 9.1.* B L U E S K I E S F O R A
G R E E N E A R T H 243* 9.2.* G R E E N H O U S E GASES AND
GLOBAL W A R M I N G 245* M E T H A N E 247* RADIATIVE F O R C I N
G AND F E E D B A C K M E C H A N I S M S 248* PARTIC1ES AND G
L O B A L W A R M I N G 249* T H E OUTLOOK FOR GLOBAL W A R M I
N G 249* SERIOUS CONCERN OVER C H A N G E S I N C L I M A T E
251* 9.3.* G R E E N S C I E N C E AND T E C H N O L O G Y T
O A L L E V I A T E GLOBAL* W A R M I N G 252* M I N I M I Z A
T I O N 252* C O U N T E R A C T I N G M E A S U R E S 254* A D
A P T A T I O N 255* 9.4.* D R O U G H T AND D E S E R T I F I C A
T I O N 256* 9.5.* G R E E N S C I E N C E AND T E C H N O L O
G Y T O COMBAT* D E S E R T I F I C A T I O N 257* 9.6.* ACID P
R E C I P I T A T I O N 259* 9.7.* G R E E N R E M E D I E S F
O R ACID P R E C I P I T A T I O N 262* 9.8.* S T R A T O S P H E
R I C O Z O N E D E S T R U C T I O N 263* T H E A N T A R C
T I C OZONE HOLE 266* T H E NOBEL P R I Z E I N E N V I R O
N M E N T A L C H E M I S T R Y 267* 9.9.* G R E E N S O L U T
I O N S T O S T R A T O S P H E R I C O Z O N E DESTRUCTION
267* 9.10.* P H O T O C H E M I C A L S M O G 269* EFFECTS O F
SMOG 270* T H E URBAN AEROSOL AND ACID FOG 271* E F F E C T S O F
SMOG ON P L A N T S AND CROPS 271* G R E E N SOLUTIONS TO T H E
SMOG PROBLEM 273* HYBRIDS 275* G R E E N T R A N S P O R T A T I O
N ALTERNATIVES 276* 9.11.* C A T A S T R O P H I C A T M O S P H E
R I C E V E N T S 276* NUC1EAR W I N T E R 276* VISITORS FROM O
U T E R SPACE 278* 9.12.* A R E T H E R E G R E E N R E M E
D I E S F O R A T M O S P H E R I C * C A T A S T R O P H E S ?
279* 9.13. S E N S I B L E M E A S U R E S 279* L I T E R A T U
R E C I T E D 280* S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N C E
S 280* Q U E S T I O N S AND P R O B L E M S 283* CONTENTS X V
I I * 10. T H E G E O S P H E R E * 2 8 5 * 10.1.* T H E
G E O S P H E R E 285* E A R T H SCIENCE 286* SUSTAINABILITY O F
THE GEOSPHERE A N D GEODIVERSITY 287* 10.2.* T H E NATURE O F
S O L I D S I N T H E G E O S P H E R E 287* IGNEOUS,
SEDIMENTARY, A N D METAMORPHIC ROCK 287* S T R U C T U R E AND P R
O P E R T I E S O F M I N E R A L S 288* 10.3.* T H E R E S
T L E S S E A R T H 289* S T R U C T U R A L GEOLOGY 2 9 0 *
I N T E R N A L PROCESSES 291* SURFACE PROCESSES 292* 10.4. S E D I M
E N T S * 292* 10.5. I N T E R A C T I O N W I T H T H E A T
M O S P H E R E AND H Y D R O S P H E R E 293* 10.6. L I F E S
U P P O R T BY T H E G E O S P H E R E * 295* 10.7.* G E O C H
E M I S T R Y 295* PHYSICAL A N D C H E M I C A L ASPECTS O F
WEATHERING 296* ISOTOPIC G E O C H E M I S T R Y 297* 10.8. WATER
ON AND I N T H E G E O S P H E R E AND WATER W E L L S 298*
10.9. E C O N O M I C G E O L O G Y * 3 0 0 * 10.10. G E O S P
H E R I C R E S O U R C E S * 300* 10.11.* G E O S P H E R I C S O
U R C E S O F U S E F U L M I N E R A L S 301* DEPOSITS FROM
IGNEOUS ROCKS AND MAGMATIC ACTIVITY 302* DEPOSITS FROM H Y D R O T H E R
M A L ACTIVITY 3 0 2 * DEPOSITS FORMED BY S E D I M E N T A R Y
O R METAMORPHIC P R O C E S S E S 303* 10.12. EVALUATION O F M
I N E R A L R E S O U R C E S * 304* 10.13. E X T R A C T I O N
AND M I N I N G * 305* 10.14. METALS* 306* 10.15. NONMETAL M I N E R
A L R E S O U R C E S * 307* 10.16. HOW LONG W I L L E S S E N
T I A L M I N E R A L S LAST?* 312* 10.17. G R E E N SOURCES O
F M I N E R A L S 313* EXPLOITATION O F LOWER G R A D E ORES
315* REMOTE SOURCES O F M I N E R A L S 315* WASTE MINING 316*
RECYCLING 317* SUPPLEMENTARY R E F E R E N C E S 317* QUESTIONS AND P
R O B L E M S 320* 11. S O L L , A G R I C U L T U R E , AND F
O O D P R O D U C T I O N 323* 11.1.* A G R I C U L T U R E
323* CROP AND LIVESTOCK F A R M I N G 324* INFLUENCE O F
AGRICULTURE ON T H E E N V I R O N M E N T 324* AGRICULTURE A N D
S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y 324* 11.2.* S O L L : E S S E N T I
A L F O R L I F E , K E Y T O S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y
325* WHAT IS SOIL? 325* 11.3.* S O L L F O R M A T I O N AND H
O R I Z O N S 326* SOIL HORIZONS 327* XV111 E N V I R O N M E N T A L
S C I E N C E S A N D T E C H N O L O G Y : A S U S T A I
N A B L E A P P R O A C H 11.4.* S O L L M A C R O S T R U C T
U R E AND M I C R O S T R U C T U R E 329* SOIL M A C R O S T R U
C T U R E 329* SOIL M I C R O S T R U C T U R E 330* WATER I N
SOIL 330* 11.5.* I N O R G A N I C A N D O R G A N I C M A T T
E R I N S O L L 331* T H E INORGANIC COMPONENTS O F SOIL
331* O R G A N I C M A T T E R I N SOH 332* SOH HUMUS 333* 11.6.*
N U T R I E N T S A N D F E R T I L L Z E R S I N S O L L
333* NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM IN SOH 333* NITROGEN,
PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM F E R T I L I Z E R S 336* MICRONUTRIENTS
IN SOH 337* ADJUSTMENT O F SOIL ACIDITY 338* 11.7.* S O L L AND T
H E B I O S P H E R E 338* 1 1 . 8 . * W A S T E S A N D
P O L L U T A N T S I N S O L L 339* DEGRADATION O F
PESTICIDES IN SOH 340* BIODEGRADATION AND THE RHIZOSPHERE 341* 11.9.* S
O L L L O S S A N D D E T E R I O R A T I O N 341* FACTORS I
N SOH SUSTAINABILITY 342* EROSION 343* 11.10.* S O L L C O N S E R
V A T I O N A N D R E S T O R A T I O N 3 4 4 * SOIL
RESTORATION 345* WATER RESOURCES A N D SOIL 346* 11.11.* S H I F T I
N G C U L T I V A T I O N : S L A S H AND B U R N 3 4 6 *
11.12. P R O C E S S I N T E N S I F I C A T I O N I N A G R I
C U L T U R E * 347* 11.13. S U S T A I N A B L E A G R I C U L T
U R A L M A N A G E M E N T * 3 4 8 * 11.14. A G R O F O R E S
T R Y * 3 5 0 * 11.15.* P R O T E I N F R O M P L A N T S
A N D A N I M A L S 351* 11.16. A G R I C U L T U R A L A P P L
I C A T I O N S O F G E N E T I C A L L Y M O D I F I E D *
O R G A N I S M S 352* T H E MAJOR TRANSGENIC CROPS A N D T H E
I R CHARACTERISTICS 353* F U T U R E CROPS 355* S U P P L E M E N
T A R Y R E F E R E N C E S 357* Q U E S T I O N S A N D P R
O B L E M S 3 5 8 * 12.* G E O S P H E R I C H A Z A R D S
AND S U S T A I N I N G A G R E E N * G E O S P H E R E 361*
1 2 . 1 . * M A N A G I N G T H E G E O S P H E R E 361* T H
E A N G R Y E A R T H 361* 1 2 . 2 . * E A R T H Q U A K E S
3 6 2 * TSUNAMIS F R O M E A R T H Q U A K E S 364*
MITIGATING E A R T H Q U A K E EFFECTS 364* 1 2 . 3 . * V O L C A
N O E S 365* MITIGATING EFFECTS O F VOLCANOES 366* 1 2 . 4 . *
S U R F A C E P R O C E S S E S 3 6 7 * MASS MOVEMENTS AND
LANDSLIDES 367* SUBSIDENCE 369* EXPANSIVE SOIL 370* P E R M A F R O S T
370* C O N T E N T S X I X * 12.5.* T H E V U L N E R A B L
E C O A S T S 3 7 0 * TROPICAL CYCLONES 371* TSUNAMIS 372* C O
A S T A L EROSION 372* PRESERVING THE COASTLINE 373* 12.6.* E N G I N
E E R I N G G E O L O G Y 374* 12.7.* T H E C R Y S O S P H E R
E AND V A N I S H I N G P E R M A F R O S T 375* 12.8.* C O N S
T R U C T I O N ON T H E G E O S P H E R E 376* 12.9.* D I G G
I N G I N T H E D I R T 378* EXCAVATIONS BELOW THE SURFACE
379* GREEN UNDERGROUND STORAGE 380* SALT DOME STORAGE 381* 12.10. M O D
I F Y I N G T H E G E O S P H E R E T O M A N A G E W A T
E R * 3 8 2 * 12.11. D E R E L I C T LANDS A N D B R O W N F
I E L D S : R E C Y C L I N G L A N D 3 8 3 * L I T E R A T
U R E C I T E D 3 8 5 * S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R
E N C E S 3 8 6 * Q U E S T I O N S AND P R O B L E M S 3 8
7 * 13.* T H E B I O S P H E R E : E C O S Y S T E M S AND B
I O L O G I C A L * C O M M U N I T I E S 391* 13.1.* L I F E
AND T H E B I O S P H E R E 391* 13.2.* O R G A N I S M S AND G
R E E N S C I E N C E AND T E C H N O L O G Y 3 9 3 * 13.3.*
E C O L O G Y AND L I F E S Y S T E M S 3 9 4 * 13.4.* W H A
T I S A B I O L O G I C A L C O M M U N I T Y ? 3 9 6 *
13.5.* P H Y S I C A L C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S AND C O N
D I T I O N S 3 9 7 * 13.6.* E F F E C T S O F C L I M A T E
3 9 9 * 13.7.* S P E C I E S 4 0 0 * 13.8.* P O P U L A T I
O N S 4 0 2 * 13.9.* SURVIVAL O F L I F E S Y S T E M S ,
P R O D U C T I V I T Y , D I V E R S I T Y , A N D * R E S I L
I E N C E 4 0 3 * 13.10. R E L A T I O N S H I P S A M O N G
S P E C I E S * 4 0 5 * 13.11. C H A N G I N G C O M M U N I T
I E S * 4 0 8 * 13.12. H U M A N E F F E C T S * 410* 13.13.
H U M A N A C T I O N S T O P R E S E R V E AND I M P R O V
E L I F E ON E A R T H 411* 13.14.* LAWS AND R E G U L A T I O
N S 413* 13.15. O R G A N I S M S I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H
F O R E I G N C H E M I C A L S 414* 13.16. B I O D E G R A D A
T I O N 417* S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N C E S 419*
Q U E S T I O N S AND P R O B L E M S 4 2 0 * 14.* TOXIC E F F
E C T S ON ORGANISMS AND T O X I C O L O G I C A L * C H E M I S T
R Y 423* 14.1.* T O X I C S U B S T A N C E S AND G R E E N
S C I E N C E AND T E C H N O L O G Y 423* TOXICOLOGY 423*
SYNERGISM, POTENTIATION, AND ANTAGONISM 426* 14.2.* D O S E - R E S P O
N S E R E L A T I O N S H I P S 4 2 6 * 14.3.* R E L A T I V E
T O X I C I T I E S 427* X X E N V I R O N M E N T A L S C I
E N C E S A N D T E C H N O L O G Y : A S U S T A I N A B L
E A P P R O A C H 14.4.* R E V E R S I B I L I T Y AND S E N S
I T I V I T Y 428* HYPERSENSITIVITY A N D HYPOSENSITIVITY 429*
14.5.* X E N O B I O T I C A N D E N D O G E N O U S S U B S T
A N C E S 429* 1 4 . 6 . * T O X I C O L O G I C A L C H E M I
S T R Y 430* 14.7.* K I N E T I C P H A S E A N D D Y N A M
I C P H A S E 432* K I N E T I E P H A S E 432* D Y N A M I
E P H A S E 432* 1 4 . 8 . * T E R A T O G E N E S I S , M U
T A G E N E S I S , C A R C I N O G E N E S I S , I M M U N E *
S Y S T E M E F F E C T S , AND R E P R O D U C T I V E E F F E
C T S 435* CARCINOGENESIS 437* TESTING FOR CARCINOGENS 4 4 0 * I M
M U N E SYSTEM RESPONSE 440* 14.9. H E A L T H H A Z A R D S 4
4 0 * ASSESSMENT O F P O T E N T I A L E X P O S U R E 441*
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENEE 441* S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N
C E S 442* Q U E S T I O N S A N D P R O B L E M S 443* 15.*
B I O P R O D U C T I V I T Y F O R A G R E E N E R F U T U
R E 4 4 7 * 15.1.* F R O M B I O M A T E R I A L S T O P
E T R O L E U M AND B A C K A G A I N 447* 1 5 . 2 . * T Y P
E S O F B I O M A T E R I A L S 4 4 8 * 1 5 . 3 . * P L A
N T P R O D U C T I V I T Y 450* 1 5 . 4 . * G E N E T I C M
A T E R I A L A N D I T S M A N I P U L A T I O N 451*
GENOME SEQUENCING A N D G R E E N SCIENEE AND TEEHNOLOGY 454* 1 5
. 5 . * G E N E T I C E N G I N E E R I N G 454* 1 5 . 6 . *
B I O M A T E R I A L S AND T H E I R P R O C E S S I N G 457*
15.7.* F E E D S T O C K S 461* 1 5 . 8 . * G L U C O S E F E E D
S T O C K 462* 15.9. C E L L U L O S E F E E D S T O C K 465* F E
E D S T O E K S FROM CELLULOSE WASTES 467* 15.10. L I G N I N F E
E D S T O C K * 468* 15.11.* C H E M I C A L P R O D U C T I O N
BY B I O S Y N T H E S I S 469* BIOEONVERSIONS O F SYNTHETIC
CHEMIE ALS* 471* P - H Y D R O X Y B E N Z O I E ACID FROM TOLUENE*
471* P R O D U E T I O N O F 5 - C Y A N O V A L E R A M I D E *
473* 1 5 . 1 2 . D I R E C T B I O S Y N T H E S I S O F
P O L Y M E R S 474* Q U E S T I O N S AND P R O B L E M S 475*
16.* T H E A N T H R O S P H E R E AS P A R T O F T H E G
L O B A L * E N V I R O N M E N T 4 7 9 * 16.1.* T H E E A R
T H AS M A D E BY H U M A N S 479* 1 6 . 2 . * C O N S T R U
C T S I N T H E A N T H R O S P H E R E 4 8 0 * 1 6 . 3 .
* A N T H R O S P H E R I C F L O W S 482* 1 6 . 4 . * A N T H
R O S P H E R I C C O N D U I T S 482* 1 6 . 5 . * I N F R A S
T R U C T U R E 483* 1 6 . 6 . * T R A N S P O R T A T I O N A
N D T H E T E L E C O M M U T E R S O C I E T Y 485*
CONTENTS XXI* 16.7.* THE COMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION 488* 16.8.*
TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING 490* TECHNOLOGY 490* ENGINEERING 493* 16.9.*
ACQULSITLON OF RAW MATERIALS 496* RAW MATERIALS 496* MATERIALS FROM
EARTH S CROST: MINING 497* MANUFACTURED MATERIALS 498* 16.10.
AGRICULTURE: THE MOST BASIC INDUSTRY* 499* 16.11. INDUSTRIES* 503*
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES 503* MANUFACTURING 504* AUTOMATION,
ROBOTICS, AND COMPUTERS IN MANUFACTURING 505* 16.12. MATERIALS SCIENCE
505* POLYMERS 506* CERAMIES 506* COMPOSITES 506* 16.13. AUTOMATION* 507*
16.14. ROBOTICS* 510* 16.15. COMPUTERS AND TECHNOLOGY* 511* 16.16.*
THINKING SMALL: MICROMACHINES AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 513* MICROMACHINES 513*
NANOTECHNOLOGY 514* 16.17. HIGH TECHNOLOGY 516* SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
518* QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 521* 17.* INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE
RESOURCE* UTILIZATION 525* 17.1.* INTRODUCTION 525* 17.2.* THE OLD,
UNSUSTAINABLE WAY 527* 17.3.* EARTH SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
528* ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 530* 17.4.* THE EMERGENCE OF INDUSTRIAL
ECOLOGY 530* 17.5.* THE FIVE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF AN INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEM
531* 17.6.* INDUSTRIAL METABOLISM 534* 17.7.* MATERIALS FLOW AND
RECYCLING IN AN INDUSTRIAL* ECOSYSTEM 535* 17.8.* THE KALUNDBORG
INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEM 537* 17.9.* ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND WASTES 538*
AIR POLLUTANTS 539* WATER POLLUTANTS 539* WASTES AND HAZARDOUS WASTES
539* 17.10.* THREE KEY ATTRIBUTES: ENERGY, MATERIALS, DIVERSITY 541*
UNLIMITED ENERGY 541* EFFICIENT MATERIAL UTILIZATION 542* DIVERSITY AND
ROBUST CHARACTER OF INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS 546* XXII* ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH 17.11.* LIFE CYCLES:
EXPANDING AND CLOSING THE MATERIALS LOOP 546* PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP 548*
EMBEDDED UTILITY 548* 17.12. LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND SCOPING* 549*
17.13.* CONSUMABLE, RECYCLABLE, AND SERVICE (DURABLE) PRODUCTS 551*
DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF CONSUMABLES 551* DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS
OF RECYC1ABLES 552* DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICE PRODUCTS 552*
17.14.* DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT 553* PRODUCTS, PROCESSES, AND FACILITIES
553* KEY FACTORS IN DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT 554* HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT 555* 17.15.* INHERENT SAFETY 555* INCREASED
SAFETY WITH SMALLER SIZE 556* 17.16. TWELVE PRINCIPLES OF GREEN
ENGINEERING 557* LITERATURE CITED 560* SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES 560*
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 562* 18.* ADEQUATE, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY: KEY TO*
SUSTAINABILITY 565* 18.1.* INTRODUCTION 565* 18.2.* NATURE OF ENERGY
565* 18.3.* SOURCES OF ENERGY USED IN THE ANTHROSPHERE 567* 18.4.*
ENERGY DEVICES AND CONVERSIONS 569* FUEL CELLS 573* 18.5.* GREEN
TECHNOLOGY AND ENERGY CONVERSION EFFICIENCY 574* 18.6.* THE ENERGY
PROBLEM 575* 18.7.* WORLD ENERGY RESOURCES 576* 18.8.* ENERGY
CONSERVATION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES 577* 18.9.* PETROLEUM AND
NATURAL GAS 580* 18.10. COAL* 581* COAL CONVERSION 582* 18.11. CARBON
SEQUESTRATION FOR FOSSIL FUEL UTILIZATION 583* 18.12. NUCLEAR ENERGY*
584* NUCLEAR FISSION 585* NUCLEAR FUSION 587* 18.13. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY*
588* 18.14.* THE SUN: AN IDEAL, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE 588* 18.15.
HYDROGEN AS A MEANS TO STORE AND UTILIZE ENERGY 591* 18.16. ENERGY FROM
MOVING AIR AND MOVING WATER 592* THE SURPRISING SUCCESS OF WIND POWER
592* ENERGY FROM MOVING WATER 594* 18.17.* BIOMASS ENERGY 595* ETHANOL
FUEL 596* BIODIESEL FUEL 597* THE UNREALIZED POTENTIAL OF LIGNOCELLULOSE
FUELS 598* BIOGAS 601* 18.18. COMBINED POWER CYCLES* 601* CONTENTS XXLLL
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS INDEX 602 604 607
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********* * * * * * * * * * * * * T H E A U T H O R * I X * 1.* S
U S T A I N A B I L I T Y T H R O U G H G R E E N S C I E N C E
AND* T E C H N O L O G Y 1 * 1.1.* SUSTAINABILITY 1 * AS WE
ENTER T H E ANTHROPOEENE 2 * AEHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY 2 * THE
EEONOMIES O F SUSTAINABILITY 3 * 1.2.* NATURAL C A P I T A L
AND T H E Q U A L I T Y O F L I F E 4 * 1.3.*
SUSTAINABILITY AND T H E C O M M O N G O O D 6 * 1.4.* T H E
M A S T E R EQUATION 8 * 1.5.* T H E GOALS AND P R I O R I T
I E S O F G R E E N S C I E N C E AND* T E C H N O L O G Y
9 * 1.6.* G R E E N S C I E N C E 10* 1.7.* G R E E N T E
C H N O L O G Y 11* 1.8.* L I F E - C Y C L E ANALYSIS 12* 1.9.* T
H E E C O - E C O N O M Y AND E C O - E F F I C I E N C Y 14*
1.10.* DESIGN F O R E N V I R O N M E N T 15* 1.11.* G R E E N
PRODUCTS AND S E R V I C E S 16* 1.12.* TWELVE P R I N C I P L E S
O F G R E E N S C I E N C E AND T E C H N O L O G Y 17*
DEPLETION O F E A R T H ' S RESOUREES AND E N V I R O N M E N T A
L D E S T R U E T I O N 18* NUMBER O F PEOPLE TIMES D E M A N D
P E R PERSON 19* TECHNOLOGY W I L L B E USED 20* THE
ANTHROSPHERE 21* ENERGY: KEY TO SUSTAINABILITY 21* PROTEETION O F C L
I M A T E 22* MAINTENANEE AND E N H A N E E M E N T O F
BIOLOGIEAL A N D F O O D P R O D U E T I V I T Y 23* REDUETION
O F M A T E R I A L D E M A N D 2 4 * M I N I M I Z A T I O
N O F TOXIE, DANGEROUS, PERSISTENT SUBSTANEES 25* QUALITY O F
LIFE 26* THE RISKS O F NO RISKS 27* T H E AEHIEVEMENT O F
SUSTAINABILITY 27* L I T E R A T U R E C I T E D 28* SUPPLEMENTARY
R E F E R E N C E S 29* QUESTIONS AND P R O B L E M S 31* X I I
E N V I R O N M E N T A L S C I E N C E S A N D TECHNOLOGY: A
S U S T A I N A B L E A P P R O A C H 2. T H E F I V E E
N V I R O N M E N T A L S P H E R E S * 3S 2.1. I N T R O D U C T
I O N * 35* 2 . 2 . T H E H Y D R O S P H E R E * 35* 2 . 3
. T H E A T M O S P H E R E * 40* 2.4. T H E G E O S P H E R
E * 4 4 * 2 . 5 . T H E B I O S P H E R E * 47* 2 . 6 . *
T H E A N T H R O S P H E R E 51* T H E S O C I O S P H E R
E 5 4 * 2.7. C Y C L E S O F M A T T E R 56* S U P P L E
M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N C E S 58* Q U E S T I O N S AND P R
O B L E M S 59* 3. G R E E N C H E M I S T R Y , BIOLOGY, AND B
I O C H E M I S T R Y 61* 3.1. I N T R O D U C T I O N * 61* 3 . 2
. * I N T R O D U C T I O N T O C H E M I S T R Y : ATOMS
AND E L E M E N T S 61* ATOMS 62* 3 . 3 . E L E M E N T S AND T
H E P E R I O D I C T A B L E * 63* 3 . 4 . * C H E M I C A
L C O M P O U N D S AND C H E M I C A L BONDS 6 6 * C H E M
I C A L COMPOUNDS WITH COVALENT BONDS 66* IONIC BONDS 67* 3 . 5 .
D E A L I N G W I T H M A T T E R Q U A N T I T A T I V E L Y :
T H E M O L E * 69* 3 . 6 . C H E M I C A L R E A C T I O
N S AND E Q U A T I O N S * 69* 3.7. P H Y S I C A L P R O P E
R T I E S AND S T A T E S O F M A T T E R * 70* 3.8. T H E R
M A L P R O P E R T I E S O F M A T T E R * 72* 3.9. A C I D
S , BASES, AND SALTS 73* ACIDS 73* ~~ T I * S A L T S 74* D I
S S O C I A T I O N O F ACIDS A N D BASES I N WATER 74*
HYDROGEN ION C O N C E N T R A T I O N A N D PH 74* 3.10.* O R G A
N I C C H E M I S T R Y 75* M O L E C U L A R G E O M E T R Y
I N ORGANIC C H E M I S T R Y 76* 3.11.* H Y D R O C A R B O N
S 76* A L K A N E S 77* F O R M U L A S O F A L K A N E S
77* N A M I N G ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 78* REACTIVITY O F A L K A N E S
79* U N S A T U R A T E D HYDROCARBONS 79* 3 . 1 2 . G R E E N
C H E M I S T R Y * 81* 3.13. B I O L O G Y * 83* 3.14.* C E L
L S : B A S I C U N I T S O F L I F E 85* P R O K A R Y O
T I C CELLS 85* E U K A R Y O T I C CELLS 86* 3.15.* M E T A B O L
I S M AND C O N T R O L I N O R G A N I S M S 86* E N Z Y M
E S I N M E T A B O L I S M 87* NUTRIENTS 88* REGULATION O F
M E T A B O L I S M 89* C O N T E N T S X111 3.16. B I O C H E M I
C A L S A N D B I O C H E M I S T R Y 9 0 * CMBOHYMMES 9 0 *
PROTEINS 92* LIPIDS: FATS, OILS, AND HORMONES 93* NUCLEIC ACIDS 93* L
I T E R A T U R E C I T E D 9 6 * Q U E S T I O N S AND P R
O B L E M S 9 6 * 4.* WATER: A U N I Q U E SUBSTANCE E S S E
N T I A L F O R L I F E 99* 4.1.* A F A N T A S T I C M O
L E C U L E 9 9 * 4 . 2 . * W A T E R AS AN E S S E N T I A
L R E S O U R C E 1 0 0 * 4.3.* O C C U R R E N C E O F W
A T E R 102* 4.4.* W A T E R U T I L I Z A T I O N 105* 4.5.* S
T A N D I N G B O D I E S O F W A T E R 1 0 7 * 4.6.* F L
O W I N G W A T E R 109* SEDIMENTATION BY FLOWING WATER 109*
FREE-FLOWING RIVERS 110* 4.7.* G R O U N D W A T E R 111* 4.8.* I M P
O U N D M E N T A N D T R A N S F E R O F W A T E R 112*
4.9.* W A T E R : A V E R Y U S E F U L G R E E N S U B S
T A N C E 114* 4.10. W A T E R T E C H N O L O G Y AND I N D U
S T R I A L U S E 115* S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N
C E S 118* Q U E S T I O N S A N D P R O B L E M S 118* 5.*
AQUATIC BIOLOGY, M I C R O B I O L O G Y , AND C H E M I S T R Y
121* 5.1.* O R G A N I S M S I N W A T E R 121* PHYSICAL AND
CHEMICAL FACTORS I N AQUATIC LIFE 123* 5.2.* L I F E I N T H E
O C E A N 1 2 4 * 5 . 3 . * L I F E AT T H E I N T E R
F A C E O F S E A W A T E R W I T H F R E S H W A T E R A
N D * W I T H L A N D 1 2 5 * 5.4.* F R E S H W A T E R L
I F E 1 2 6 * 5.5. M I C R O O R G A N I S M S I N W A T E R
1 2 8 * ALGAE I N WATER 128* FUNGI I N WATER 128* B A C T E
R I A I N WATER 129* FACTORS A F F E C T I N G B A C T E R I A
L GROWTH 129* 5.6.* M I C R O O R G A N I S M S A N D E L E M E
N T A L T R A N S I T I O N S 131* MICROBIAL DEGRADATION O F
ORGANIE M A T T E R 133* 5.7.* A C I D - B A S E P H E N O M E N A
I N AQUATIC C H E M I S T R Y 1 3 4 * A L K A L I N I T Y
134* ACIDITY 134* CMBON DIOXIDE I N WATER 135* 5 . 8 . * P H A S E
I N T E R A C T I O N S A N D S O L U B I L I T Y 1 3 6 *
GASES 137* CMBON DIOXIDE AND CMBONATE SPECIES I N WATER 138*
SEDIMENTS 138* COLLOIDS I N WATER 139* X I V * E N V I R O N M E N
T A L SCIENCES A N D TECHNOLOGY: A S U S T A I N A B L E
APPROACH 5.9.* O X I D A T I O N - R E D U C T I O N 141* 5.10.* M E
T A L I O N S A N D C A L C I U M I N W A T E R 143* C
A L C I U M A N D H A R D N E S S I N WATER 143* 5.11. C O M
P L E X A T I O N A N D S P E C I A T I O N O F M E T A L S
144* O R G A N O M E T A L L I C COMPOUNDS 146* S U P P L E M E N
T A R Y R E F E R E N C E S 146* Q U E S T I O N S A N D P R
O B L E M S 147* 6.* K E E P I N G W A T E R G R E E N * 149
6.1.* W A T E R P O L L U T I O N : G R E E N W A T E R MAY
N O T B E S O G R E E N 149* 6 . 2 . * N A T U R E A N
D T Y P E S O F W A T E R P O L L U T A N T S 149* 6 . 3
. * H E A V Y M E T A L S 150* O R G A N I C A L L Y B O U N
D M E T A L WATER POLLUTANTS 151* HEAVY M E T A L POLLUTANTS
AND G R E E N TECHNOLOGY 152* 6 . 4 . * I N O R G A N I C W A T
E R P O L L U T A N T S 153* ACIDITY 154* WATER POLLUTANTS T H A T
A R E JUST TOO NUTRITIOUS 154* 6 . 5 . * O R G A N I C W A T
E R P O L L U T A N T S 155* OXYGEN-DEMANDING SUBSTANCES 155*
SEWAGE 156* DETERGENTS I N SEWAGE 156* 6 . 6 . * P E S T I C I D E
S I N W A T E R 157* I N S E C T I C I D E S 158* HERBICIDES
160* T H E I N F A M O U S DIOXIN 161* 6.7.* P O L Y C H L O R I N
A T E D B I P H E N Y L S ( P C B S ) 161* 6 . 8 . * R A D I
O A C T I V E S U B S T A N C E S I N W A T E R 162* 6.9.* M
U N I C I P A L W A T E R T R E A T M E N T A N D G R E E N
O Z O N E F O R W A T E R * D I S I N F E C T I O N 164*
6.10.* T R E A T M E N T O F W A T E R F O R I N D U S T R I
A L U S E 166* 6.11.* W A S T E W A T E R T R E A T M E N T
167* 6 . 1 2 . * W A T E R AS A G R E E N R E S O U R C E
169* 6.13.* A L T E R N A T I V E G R E E N U S E S O F W A
T E R 172* 6.14.* W A T E R : A M O S T U S E F U L S U B
S T A N C E 173* 6 . 1 5 . * H O T W A T E R : P R E S S U R
I Z E D S U B C R I T I C A L H O T W A T E R 175* 6.16. S U
P E R C R I T I C A L W A T E R 176* L I T E R A T U R E C I T
E D 177* S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N C E S 177* Q U
E S T I O N S A N D P R O B L E M S 178* 7.* T H E A T M O S
P H E R E : A P R O T E C T I V E B L A N K E T * 181 A R O
U N D U S * 7.1.* L I V I N G A T T H E B O T T O M O F
A S E A O F GAS 181* T H E P R O T E C T I V E
ATMOSPHERE 182* ATMOSPHERIC C H E M I S T R Y AND P H O T O C H E M I
S T R Y 183* F O R M A T I O N O F IONS I N THE ATMOSPHERE
183* 7.2.* C O M P O S I T I O N O F T H E A T M O S P H E R E
A N D A T M O S P H E R I C * W E A T H E R 184* CONTENTS
XV* 7.3.* T H E P R O P E R T I E S O F G A S E S AND T H E
GAS LAWS 186* 7.4.* T H E A T M O S P H E R E AS A M E D I U
M F O R T H E T R A N S F E R O F M A S S * AND E N E
R G Y 187* 7.5.* M E T E O R O L O G Y 1 9 0 * TOPOGRAPHICAL
EFFECTS 191* TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS 191* INFLUENCE O F OCEAN CURRENTS
192* GLOBAL AIR CIRCULATION 193* 7.6.* W E A T H E R , W E A T H E R
F R O N T S , AND S T O R M S 1 9 4 * 7.7.* C L I M A T E
1 9 7 * 7.8.* M I C R O C L I M A T E 1 9 8 * 7.9.* A T M O S P
H E R I C P A R T I C L E S 199* 7.10. T H E A T M O S P H E R
E AS A R E S E R V O I R O F N A T U R A L C A P I T A L
2 0 0 * S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N C E S 2 0 2
* Q U E S T I O N S AND P R O B L E M S 2 0 2 * 8.* E N V I
R O N M E N T A L C H E M I S T R Y O F T H E A T M O S P H
E R E 205* 8.1.* I N T R O D U C T I O N T O A T M O S P H E R
I C C H E M I S T R Y 2 0 5 * 8 . 2 . * P H O T O C H E M I
C A L P R O C E S S E S 2 0 6 * 8.3.* C H A I N R E A C T I
O N S I N T H E A T M O S P H E R E : H Y D R O X Y L A N
D * H Y D R O P E R O X Y L R A D I C A L S I N T H E A T
M O S P H E R E 2 0 8 * 8.4.* O X I D A T I O N P R O C E S S E
S I N T H E A T M O S P H E R E 210* 8.5.* A C I D - B A S E
R E A C T I O N S I N T H E A T M O S P H E R E 212*
8.6.* A I R P O L L U T I O N 213* 8.7.* E N V I R O N M E N T A L
F A T E AND T R A N S P O R T I N T H E A T M O S P H E R
E 214* 8.8.* R E A C T I O N S O F A T M O S P H E R I C
OXYGEN 216* OZONE AND THE OZONE LAYER 217* 8.9.* C A R B O N O X I D
E S 218* CARBON MONOXIDE 218* ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE 219* 8.10.*
R E A C T I O N S O F A T M O S P H E R I C N I T R O G E N
A N D I T S O X I D E S 2 2 0 * A I R POLLUTANT NITROGEN
COMPOUNDS 221* ATMOSPHERIC REACTIONS O F NO X 222* H A R M F U L
EFFECTS O F NITROGEN OXIDES 222* AMMONIA AS AN ATMOSPHERIC
POLLUTANT 223* 8.11.* S U L F U R C O M P O U N D S I N T H E
A T M O S P H E R E 2 2 3 * S U L F U R DIOXIDE REACTIONS I
N T H E ATMOSPHERE 223* EFFECTS O F ATMOSPHERIC S U L F U R
DIOXIDE 2 2 4 * HYDROGEN SULFIDE, CARBONYL SULFIDE, AND CARBON
DISULFIDE 2 2 4 * 8.12.* F L U O R I N E , C H L O R I N E , A
N D T H E I R G A S E O U S I N O R G A N I C * C O M P O U
N D S 225* CHLORINE AND HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 225* 8.13.* W A T E R I
N A T M O S P H E R I C C H E M I S T R Y 226* 8.14.* A T M O S
P H E R I C P A R T I C L E S A N D A T M O S P H E R I C C
H E M I S T R Y 2 2 6 * FORMATION AND COMPOSITION O F INORGANIC
PARTICLES 227* RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES 228* ORGANIE PARTICLES IN THE
ATMOSPHERE 229* EFFECTS O F PARTICLES 229* X V I E N V I R O N M E
N T A L S C I E N C E S A N D T E C H N O L O G Y : A S U
S T A I N A B L E A P P R O A C H 8.15.* O R G A N I C C O M P
O U N D S I N T H E A T M O S P H E R E 230* P O L L U T A N
T HYDROCARBONS 231* ORGANOOXYGEN COMPOUNDS 231* O R G A N O N I T R O
G E N COMPOUNDS 232* O R G A N O H A L I D E S 233* O R G A N O S
U L F U R COMPOUNDS 234* 8.16. P H O T O C H E M I C A L S M O G
AND I T S H A R M F U L E F F E C T S 235* S U P P L E M E N
T A L R E F E R E N C E S 238* Q U E S T I O N S AND P R O B L E M
S 239* 9.* S U S T A I N I N G AN A T M O S P H E R E F O R
L I F E ON E A R T H 243* 9.1.* B L U E S K I E S F O R A
G R E E N E A R T H 243* 9.2.* G R E E N H O U S E GASES AND
GLOBAL W A R M I N G 245* M E T H A N E 247* RADIATIVE F O R C I N
G AND F E E D B A C K M E C H A N I S M S 248* PARTIC1ES AND G
L O B A L W A R M I N G 249* T H E OUTLOOK FOR GLOBAL W A R M I
N G 249* SERIOUS CONCERN OVER C H A N G E S I N C L I M A T E
251* 9.3.* G R E E N S C I E N C E AND T E C H N O L O G Y T
O A L L E V I A T E GLOBAL* W A R M I N G 252* M I N I M I Z A
T I O N 252* C O U N T E R A C T I N G M E A S U R E S 254* A D
A P T A T I O N 255* 9.4.* D R O U G H T AND D E S E R T I F I C A
T I O N 256* 9.5.* G R E E N S C I E N C E AND T E C H N O L O
G Y T O COMBAT* D E S E R T I F I C A T I O N 257* 9.6.* ACID P
R E C I P I T A T I O N 259* 9.7.* G R E E N R E M E D I E S F
O R ACID P R E C I P I T A T I O N 262* 9.8.* S T R A T O S P H E
R I C O Z O N E D E S T R U C T I O N 263* T H E A N T A R C
T I C OZONE HOLE 266* T H E NOBEL P R I Z E I N E N V I R O
N M E N T A L C H E M I S T R Y 267* 9.9.* G R E E N S O L U T
I O N S T O S T R A T O S P H E R I C O Z O N E DESTRUCTION
267* 9.10.* P H O T O C H E M I C A L S M O G 269* EFFECTS O F
SMOG 270* T H E URBAN AEROSOL AND ACID FOG 271* E F F E C T S O F
SMOG ON P L A N T S AND CROPS 271* G R E E N SOLUTIONS TO T H E
SMOG PROBLEM 273* HYBRIDS 275* G R E E N T R A N S P O R T A T I O
N ALTERNATIVES 276* 9.11.* C A T A S T R O P H I C A T M O S P H E
R I C E V E N T S 276* NUC1EAR W I N T E R 276* VISITORS FROM O
U T E R SPACE 278* 9.12.* A R E T H E R E G R E E N R E M E
D I E S F O R A T M O S P H E R I C * C A T A S T R O P H E S ?
279* 9.13. S E N S I B L E M E A S U R E S 279* L I T E R A T U
R E C I T E D 280* S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N C E
S 280* Q U E S T I O N S AND P R O B L E M S 283* CONTENTS X V
I I * 10. T H E G E O S P H E R E * 2 8 5 * 10.1.* T H E
G E O S P H E R E 285* E A R T H SCIENCE 286* SUSTAINABILITY O F
THE GEOSPHERE A N D GEODIVERSITY 287* 10.2.* T H E NATURE O F
S O L I D S I N T H E G E O S P H E R E 287* IGNEOUS,
SEDIMENTARY, A N D METAMORPHIC ROCK 287* S T R U C T U R E AND P R
O P E R T I E S O F M I N E R A L S 288* 10.3.* T H E R E S
T L E S S E A R T H 289* S T R U C T U R A L GEOLOGY 2 9 0 *
I N T E R N A L PROCESSES 291* SURFACE PROCESSES 292* 10.4. S E D I M
E N T S * 292* 10.5. I N T E R A C T I O N W I T H T H E A T
M O S P H E R E AND H Y D R O S P H E R E 293* 10.6. L I F E S
U P P O R T BY T H E G E O S P H E R E * 295* 10.7.* G E O C H
E M I S T R Y 295* PHYSICAL A N D C H E M I C A L ASPECTS O F
WEATHERING 296* ISOTOPIC G E O C H E M I S T R Y 297* 10.8. WATER
ON AND I N T H E G E O S P H E R E AND WATER W E L L S 298*
10.9. E C O N O M I C G E O L O G Y * 3 0 0 * 10.10. G E O S P
H E R I C R E S O U R C E S * 300* 10.11.* G E O S P H E R I C S O
U R C E S O F U S E F U L M I N E R A L S 301* DEPOSITS FROM
IGNEOUS ROCKS AND MAGMATIC ACTIVITY 302* DEPOSITS FROM H Y D R O T H E R
M A L ACTIVITY 3 0 2 * DEPOSITS FORMED BY S E D I M E N T A R Y
O R METAMORPHIC P R O C E S S E S 303* 10.12. EVALUATION O F M
I N E R A L R E S O U R C E S * 304* 10.13. E X T R A C T I O N
AND M I N I N G * 305* 10.14. METALS* 306* 10.15. NONMETAL M I N E R
A L R E S O U R C E S * 307* 10.16. HOW LONG W I L L E S S E N
T I A L M I N E R A L S LAST?* 312* 10.17. G R E E N SOURCES O
F M I N E R A L S 313* EXPLOITATION O F LOWER G R A D E ORES
315* REMOTE SOURCES O F M I N E R A L S 315* WASTE MINING 316*
RECYCLING 317* SUPPLEMENTARY R E F E R E N C E S 317* QUESTIONS AND P
R O B L E M S 320* 11. S O L L , A G R I C U L T U R E , AND F
O O D P R O D U C T I O N 323* 11.1.* A G R I C U L T U R E
323* CROP AND LIVESTOCK F A R M I N G 324* INFLUENCE O F
AGRICULTURE ON T H E E N V I R O N M E N T 324* AGRICULTURE A N D
S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y 324* 11.2.* S O L L : E S S E N T I
A L F O R L I F E , K E Y T O S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y
325* WHAT IS SOIL? 325* 11.3.* S O L L F O R M A T I O N AND H
O R I Z O N S 326* SOIL HORIZONS 327* XV111 E N V I R O N M E N T A L
S C I E N C E S A N D T E C H N O L O G Y : A S U S T A I
N A B L E A P P R O A C H 11.4.* S O L L M A C R O S T R U C T
U R E AND M I C R O S T R U C T U R E 329* SOIL M A C R O S T R U
C T U R E 329* SOIL M I C R O S T R U C T U R E 330* WATER I N
SOIL 330* 11.5.* I N O R G A N I C A N D O R G A N I C M A T T
E R I N S O L L 331* T H E INORGANIC COMPONENTS O F SOIL
331* O R G A N I C M A T T E R I N SOH 332* SOH HUMUS 333* 11.6.*
N U T R I E N T S A N D F E R T I L L Z E R S I N S O L L
333* NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM IN SOH 333* NITROGEN,
PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM F E R T I L I Z E R S 336* MICRONUTRIENTS
IN SOH 337* ADJUSTMENT O F SOIL ACIDITY 338* 11.7.* S O L L AND T
H E B I O S P H E R E 338* 1 1 . 8 . * W A S T E S A N D
P O L L U T A N T S I N S O L L 339* DEGRADATION O F
PESTICIDES IN SOH 340* BIODEGRADATION AND THE RHIZOSPHERE 341* 11.9.* S
O L L L O S S A N D D E T E R I O R A T I O N 341* FACTORS I
N SOH SUSTAINABILITY 342* EROSION 343* 11.10.* S O L L C O N S E R
V A T I O N A N D R E S T O R A T I O N 3 4 4 * SOIL
RESTORATION 345* WATER RESOURCES A N D SOIL 346* 11.11.* S H I F T I
N G C U L T I V A T I O N : S L A S H AND B U R N 3 4 6 *
11.12. P R O C E S S I N T E N S I F I C A T I O N I N A G R I
C U L T U R E * 347* 11.13. S U S T A I N A B L E A G R I C U L T
U R A L M A N A G E M E N T * 3 4 8 * 11.14. A G R O F O R E S
T R Y * 3 5 0 * 11.15.* P R O T E I N F R O M P L A N T S
A N D A N I M A L S 351* 11.16. A G R I C U L T U R A L A P P L
I C A T I O N S O F G E N E T I C A L L Y M O D I F I E D *
O R G A N I S M S 352* T H E MAJOR TRANSGENIC CROPS A N D T H E
I R CHARACTERISTICS 353* F U T U R E CROPS 355* S U P P L E M E N
T A R Y R E F E R E N C E S 357* Q U E S T I O N S A N D P R
O B L E M S 3 5 8 * 12.* G E O S P H E R I C H A Z A R D S
AND S U S T A I N I N G A G R E E N * G E O S P H E R E 361*
1 2 . 1 . * M A N A G I N G T H E G E O S P H E R E 361* T H
E A N G R Y E A R T H 361* 1 2 . 2 . * E A R T H Q U A K E S
3 6 2 * TSUNAMIS F R O M E A R T H Q U A K E S 364*
MITIGATING E A R T H Q U A K E EFFECTS 364* 1 2 . 3 . * V O L C A
N O E S 365* MITIGATING EFFECTS O F VOLCANOES 366* 1 2 . 4 . *
S U R F A C E P R O C E S S E S 3 6 7 * MASS MOVEMENTS AND
LANDSLIDES 367* SUBSIDENCE 369* EXPANSIVE SOIL 370* P E R M A F R O S T
370* C O N T E N T S X I X * 12.5.* T H E V U L N E R A B L
E C O A S T S 3 7 0 * TROPICAL CYCLONES 371* TSUNAMIS 372* C O
A S T A L EROSION 372* PRESERVING THE COASTLINE 373* 12.6.* E N G I N
E E R I N G G E O L O G Y 374* 12.7.* T H E C R Y S O S P H E R
E AND V A N I S H I N G P E R M A F R O S T 375* 12.8.* C O N S
T R U C T I O N ON T H E G E O S P H E R E 376* 12.9.* D I G G
I N G I N T H E D I R T 378* EXCAVATIONS BELOW THE SURFACE
379* GREEN UNDERGROUND STORAGE 380* SALT DOME STORAGE 381* 12.10. M O D
I F Y I N G T H E G E O S P H E R E T O M A N A G E W A T
E R * 3 8 2 * 12.11. D E R E L I C T LANDS A N D B R O W N F
I E L D S : R E C Y C L I N G L A N D 3 8 3 * L I T E R A T
U R E C I T E D 3 8 5 * S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R
E N C E S 3 8 6 * Q U E S T I O N S AND P R O B L E M S 3 8
7 * 13.* T H E B I O S P H E R E : E C O S Y S T E M S AND B
I O L O G I C A L * C O M M U N I T I E S 391* 13.1.* L I F E
AND T H E B I O S P H E R E 391* 13.2.* O R G A N I S M S AND G
R E E N S C I E N C E AND T E C H N O L O G Y 3 9 3 * 13.3.*
E C O L O G Y AND L I F E S Y S T E M S 3 9 4 * 13.4.* W H A
T I S A B I O L O G I C A L C O M M U N I T Y ? 3 9 6 *
13.5.* P H Y S I C A L C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S AND C O N
D I T I O N S 3 9 7 * 13.6.* E F F E C T S O F C L I M A T E
3 9 9 * 13.7.* S P E C I E S 4 0 0 * 13.8.* P O P U L A T I
O N S 4 0 2 * 13.9.* SURVIVAL O F L I F E S Y S T E M S ,
P R O D U C T I V I T Y , D I V E R S I T Y , A N D * R E S I L
I E N C E 4 0 3 * 13.10. R E L A T I O N S H I P S A M O N G
S P E C I E S * 4 0 5 * 13.11. C H A N G I N G C O M M U N I T
I E S * 4 0 8 * 13.12. H U M A N E F F E C T S * 410* 13.13.
H U M A N A C T I O N S T O P R E S E R V E AND I M P R O V
E L I F E ON E A R T H 411* 13.14.* LAWS AND R E G U L A T I O
N S 413* 13.15. O R G A N I S M S I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H
F O R E I G N C H E M I C A L S 414* 13.16. B I O D E G R A D A
T I O N 417* S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N C E S 419*
Q U E S T I O N S AND P R O B L E M S 4 2 0 * 14.* TOXIC E F F
E C T S ON ORGANISMS AND T O X I C O L O G I C A L * C H E M I S T
R Y 423* 14.1.* T O X I C S U B S T A N C E S AND G R E E N
S C I E N C E AND T E C H N O L O G Y 423* TOXICOLOGY 423*
SYNERGISM, POTENTIATION, AND ANTAGONISM 426* 14.2.* D O S E - R E S P O
N S E R E L A T I O N S H I P S 4 2 6 * 14.3.* R E L A T I V E
T O X I C I T I E S 427* X X E N V I R O N M E N T A L S C I
E N C E S A N D T E C H N O L O G Y : A S U S T A I N A B L
E A P P R O A C H 14.4.* R E V E R S I B I L I T Y AND S E N S
I T I V I T Y 428* HYPERSENSITIVITY A N D HYPOSENSITIVITY 429*
14.5.* X E N O B I O T I C A N D E N D O G E N O U S S U B S T
A N C E S 429* 1 4 . 6 . * T O X I C O L O G I C A L C H E M I
S T R Y 430* 14.7.* K I N E T I C P H A S E A N D D Y N A M
I C P H A S E 432* K I N E T I E P H A S E 432* D Y N A M I
E P H A S E 432* 1 4 . 8 . * T E R A T O G E N E S I S , M U
T A G E N E S I S , C A R C I N O G E N E S I S , I M M U N E *
S Y S T E M E F F E C T S , AND R E P R O D U C T I V E E F F E
C T S 435* CARCINOGENESIS 437* TESTING FOR CARCINOGENS 4 4 0 * I M
M U N E SYSTEM RESPONSE 440* 14.9. H E A L T H H A Z A R D S 4
4 0 * ASSESSMENT O F P O T E N T I A L E X P O S U R E 441*
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENEE 441* S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E F E R E N
C E S 442* Q U E S T I O N S A N D P R O B L E M S 443* 15.*
B I O P R O D U C T I V I T Y F O R A G R E E N E R F U T U
R E 4 4 7 * 15.1.* F R O M B I O M A T E R I A L S T O P
E T R O L E U M AND B A C K A G A I N 447* 1 5 . 2 . * T Y P
E S O F B I O M A T E R I A L S 4 4 8 * 1 5 . 3 . * P L A
N T P R O D U C T I V I T Y 450* 1 5 . 4 . * G E N E T I C M
A T E R I A L A N D I T S M A N I P U L A T I O N 451*
GENOME SEQUENCING A N D G R E E N SCIENEE AND TEEHNOLOGY 454* 1 5
. 5 . * G E N E T I C E N G I N E E R I N G 454* 1 5 . 6 . *
B I O M A T E R I A L S AND T H E I R P R O C E S S I N G 457*
15.7.* F E E D S T O C K S 461* 1 5 . 8 . * G L U C O S E F E E D
S T O C K 462* 15.9. C E L L U L O S E F E E D S T O C K 465* F E
E D S T O E K S FROM CELLULOSE WASTES 467* 15.10. L I G N I N F E
E D S T O C K * 468* 15.11.* C H E M I C A L P R O D U C T I O N
BY B I O S Y N T H E S I S 469* BIOEONVERSIONS O F SYNTHETIC
CHEMIE ALS* 471* P - H Y D R O X Y B E N Z O I E ACID FROM TOLUENE*
471* P R O D U E T I O N O F 5 - C Y A N O V A L E R A M I D E *
473* 1 5 . 1 2 . D I R E C T B I O S Y N T H E S I S O F
P O L Y M E R S 474* Q U E S T I O N S AND P R O B L E M S 475*
16.* T H E A N T H R O S P H E R E AS P A R T O F T H E G
L O B A L * E N V I R O N M E N T 4 7 9 * 16.1.* T H E E A R
T H AS M A D E BY H U M A N S 479* 1 6 . 2 . * C O N S T R U
C T S I N T H E A N T H R O S P H E R E 4 8 0 * 1 6 . 3 .
* A N T H R O S P H E R I C F L O W S 482* 1 6 . 4 . * A N T H
R O S P H E R I C C O N D U I T S 482* 1 6 . 5 . * I N F R A S
T R U C T U R E 483* 1 6 . 6 . * T R A N S P O R T A T I O N A
N D T H E T E L E C O M M U T E R S O C I E T Y 485*
CONTENTS XXI* 16.7.* THE COMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION 488* 16.8.*
TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING 490* TECHNOLOGY 490* ENGINEERING 493* 16.9.*
ACQULSITLON OF RAW MATERIALS 496* RAW MATERIALS 496* MATERIALS FROM
EARTH'S CROST: MINING 497* MANUFACTURED MATERIALS 498* 16.10.
AGRICULTURE: THE MOST BASIC INDUSTRY* 499* 16.11. INDUSTRIES* 503*
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES 503* MANUFACTURING 504* AUTOMATION,
ROBOTICS, AND COMPUTERS IN MANUFACTURING 505* 16.12. MATERIALS SCIENCE
505* POLYMERS 506* CERAMIES 506* COMPOSITES 506* 16.13. AUTOMATION* 507*
16.14. ROBOTICS* 510* 16.15. COMPUTERS AND TECHNOLOGY* 511* 16.16.*
THINKING SMALL: MICROMACHINES AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 513* MICROMACHINES 513*
NANOTECHNOLOGY 514* 16.17. HIGH TECHNOLOGY 516* SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
518* QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 521* 17.* INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE
RESOURCE* UTILIZATION 525* 17.1.* INTRODUCTION 525* 17.2.* THE OLD,
UNSUSTAINABLE WAY 527* 17.3.* EARTH SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
528* ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 530* 17.4.* THE EMERGENCE OF INDUSTRIAL
ECOLOGY 530* 17.5.* THE FIVE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF AN INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEM
531* 17.6.* INDUSTRIAL METABOLISM 534* 17.7.* MATERIALS FLOW AND
RECYCLING IN AN INDUSTRIAL* ECOSYSTEM 535* 17.8.* THE KALUNDBORG
INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEM 537* 17.9.* ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND WASTES 538*
AIR POLLUTANTS 539* WATER POLLUTANTS 539* WASTES AND HAZARDOUS WASTES
539* 17.10.* THREE KEY ATTRIBUTES: ENERGY, MATERIALS, DIVERSITY 541*
UNLIMITED ENERGY 541* EFFICIENT MATERIAL UTILIZATION 542* DIVERSITY AND
ROBUST CHARACTER OF INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS 546* XXII* ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH 17.11.* LIFE CYCLES:
EXPANDING AND CLOSING THE MATERIALS LOOP 546* PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP 548*
EMBEDDED UTILITY 548* 17.12. LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND SCOPING* 549*
17.13.* CONSUMABLE, RECYCLABLE, AND SERVICE (DURABLE) PRODUCTS 551*
DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF CONSUMABLES 551* DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS
OF RECYC1ABLES 552* DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICE PRODUCTS 552*
17.14.* DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT 553* PRODUCTS, PROCESSES, AND FACILITIES
553* KEY FACTORS IN DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT 554* HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT 555* 17.15.* INHERENT SAFETY 555* INCREASED
SAFETY WITH SMALLER SIZE 556* 17.16. TWELVE PRINCIPLES OF GREEN
ENGINEERING 557* LITERATURE CITED 560* SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES 560*
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 562* 18.* ADEQUATE, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY: KEY TO*
SUSTAINABILITY 565* 18.1.* INTRODUCTION 565* 18.2.* NATURE OF ENERGY
565* 18.3.* SOURCES OF ENERGY USED IN THE ANTHROSPHERE 567* 18.4.*
ENERGY DEVICES AND CONVERSIONS 569* FUEL CELLS 573* 18.5.* GREEN
TECHNOLOGY AND ENERGY CONVERSION EFFICIENCY 574* 18.6.* THE ENERGY
PROBLEM 575* 18.7.* WORLD ENERGY RESOURCES 576* 18.8.* ENERGY
CONSERVATION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES 577* 18.9.* PETROLEUM AND
NATURAL GAS 580* 18.10. COAL* 581* COAL CONVERSION 582* 18.11. CARBON
SEQUESTRATION FOR FOSSIL FUEL UTILIZATION 583* 18.12. NUCLEAR ENERGY*
584* NUCLEAR FISSION 585* NUCLEAR FUSION 587* 18.13. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY*
588* 18.14.* THE SUN: AN IDEAL, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE 588* 18.15.
HYDROGEN AS A MEANS TO STORE AND UTILIZE ENERGY 591* 18.16. ENERGY FROM
MOVING AIR AND MOVING WATER 592* THE SURPRISING SUCCESS OF WIND POWER
592* ENERGY FROM MOVING WATER 594* 18.17.* BIOMASS ENERGY 595* ETHANOL
FUEL 596* BIODIESEL FUEL 597* THE UNREALIZED POTENTIAL OF LIGNOCELLULOSE
FUELS 598* BIOGAS 601* 18.18. COMBINED POWER CYCLES* 601* CONTENTS XXLLL
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS INDEX 602 604 607 |
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| author | Manahan, Stanley E. 1937- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)172247438 |
| author_facet | Manahan, Stanley E. 1937- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Manahan, Stanley E. 1937- |
| author_variant | s e m se sem |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021627176 |
| callnumber-first | G - Geography, Anthropology, Recreation |
| callnumber-label | GE105 |
| callnumber-raw | GE105 |
| callnumber-search | GE105 |
| callnumber-sort | GE 3105 |
| callnumber-subject | GE - Environmental Sciences |
| classification_tum | UMW 001f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)836323358 (DE-599)BVBBV021627176 |
| dewey-full | 628 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 628 - Sanitary engineering |
| dewey-raw | 628 |
| dewey-search | 628 |
| dewey-sort | 3628 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Bauingenieurwesen Umwelt |
| discipline_str_mv | Bauingenieurwesen Umwelt |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV021627176 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:55:40Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:40:15Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0849395127 9780849395123 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2006047536 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014842135 |
| oclc_num | 836323358 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM |
| owner_facet | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM |
| physical | XXIII, 646 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Manahan, Stanley E. 1937- Verfasser (DE-588)172247438 aut Environmental science and technology a sustainable approach to green science and technology Stanley E. Manahan 2. ed. Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] Taylor & Francis 2007 XXIII, 646 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Environmental sciences Ecological engineering Umweltwissenschaften (DE-588)4137364-9 gnd rswk-swf Umwelttechnik (DE-588)4061650-2 gnd rswk-swf Umweltwissenschaften (DE-588)4137364-9 s DE-604 Umwelttechnik (DE-588)4061650-2 s b DE-604 OEBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014842135&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Manahan, Stanley E. 1937- Environmental science and technology a sustainable approach to green science and technology Environmental sciences Ecological engineering Umweltwissenschaften (DE-588)4137364-9 gnd Umwelttechnik (DE-588)4061650-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4137364-9 (DE-588)4061650-2 |
| title | Environmental science and technology a sustainable approach to green science and technology |
| title_auth | Environmental science and technology a sustainable approach to green science and technology |
| title_exact_search | Environmental science and technology a sustainable approach to green science and technology |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Environmental science and technology a sustainable approach to green science and technology |
| title_full | Environmental science and technology a sustainable approach to green science and technology Stanley E. Manahan |
| title_fullStr | Environmental science and technology a sustainable approach to green science and technology Stanley E. Manahan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental science and technology a sustainable approach to green science and technology Stanley E. Manahan |
| title_short | Environmental science and technology |
| title_sort | environmental science and technology a sustainable approach to green science and technology |
| title_sub | a sustainable approach to green science and technology |
| topic | Environmental sciences Ecological engineering Umweltwissenschaften (DE-588)4137364-9 gnd Umwelttechnik (DE-588)4061650-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Environmental sciences Ecological engineering Umweltwissenschaften Umwelttechnik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014842135&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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