Integration of alternative sources of energy:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
[Piscataway]
IEEE Pr.
2006
Hoboken, N.J. Wiley-Interscience |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Publisher description Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXVI, 471 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 0471712329 9780471712329 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Integration of alternative sources of energy |c Felix A. Farret, M. Godoy Simões |
| 264 | 1 | |a [Piscataway] |b IEEE Pr. |c 2006 | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Hoboken, N.J. |b Wiley-Interscience | |
| 300 | |a XXVI, 471 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 25 cm | ||
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| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Ressources énergétiques | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Énergies renouvelables | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Power resources | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Renewable energy sources | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Dezentrale Energieversorgung |0 (DE-588)4012002-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135397949702144 |
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| adam_text | INTEGRATION OF ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY | FELIX A. FARRET M. GODOY
SIMOES *IEEE IEEE PRESS WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.,
PUBLICATION CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS XVII FOREWORD XIX PREFACE XXI
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XXIII ABOUT THE AUTHORS XXV 1 ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF
ENERGY 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY 2 1.3
RENEWABLE ENERGY VERSUS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY 4 1.4 PLANNING AND
DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED ENERGY 8 1.4.1 GRID-SUPPLIED ELECTRICITY 9
1.4.2 LOAD 10 1.4.3 DISTRIBUTED GENERATION 10 1.5 RENEWABLE ENERGY
ECONOMICS 11 1.5.1 CALCULATION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION COSTS 12 1.6
EUROPEAN TARGETS FOR RENEWABLES 14 1.6.1 DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS
15 1.6.2 SUPPLY-SIDE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS 16 1.7 INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES 19 1.7.1 INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE UNITED
STATES 20 1.7.2 ENERGY RECOVERY TIME 21 1.7.3 SUSTAINABILITY 23 1.8
MODERN ELECTRONIC CONTROLS OF POWER SYSTEMS 26 REFERENCES 27 VII VIII
CONTENTS 2 PRINCIPLES OF THERMODYNAMICS 2.1. INTRODUCTION 2.2. STATE OF
A THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM 2.3. FUNDAMENTAL LAWS AND PRINCIPLES 2.3.1
EXAMPLE IN A NUTSHELL 2.3.2 PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH CARNOT
CYCLE PLANT 2.3.3 RANKINE CYCLE FOR POWER PLANTS 2.3.4 BRAYTON CYCLE FOR
POWER PLANTS 2.3.5 ENERGY AND POWER 2.4 EXAMPLES OF ENERGY BALANCE 2.4.1
SIMPLE RESIDENTIAL ENERGY BALANCE 2.4.2 REFRIGERATOR ENERGY BALANCE
2.4.3 ENERGY BALANCE FOR A WATER HEATER 2.4.4 ROCK BED ENERGY BALANCE
2.4.5 ARRAY OF SOLAR COLLECTORS 2.4.6 HEAT PUMP 2.4.7 HEAT TRANSFER
ANALYSIS 2.5 PLANET EARTH: A CLOSED BUT NOT ISOLATED SYSTEM REFERENCES 3
HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 DETERMINATION OF THE
USEFUL POWER 3.3 EXPEDIENT TOPOGRAPHICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS
3.3.1 SIMPLE MEASUREMENT OF ELEVATION 3.3.2 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS
FOR ELEVATION MEASUREMENT 3.3.3 SPECIFICATION OF PIPE LOSSES 3.3.4
EXPEDIENT MEASUREMENTS OF STREAM WATER FLOW 3.3.5 CIVIL WORKS 3.4
GENERATING UNIT 3.4.1 REGULATION SYSTEMS 3.4.2 BUTTERFLY VALVES 3.5
WATERWHEELS 3.6 TURBINES 3.6.1 PELTON TURBINE 3.6.2 FRANCIS TURBINE
3.6.3 MICHEL-BANKI TURBINE CONTENTS IX 3.6.4 KAPLAN OR HYDRAULIC
PROPELLER TURBINE 79 3.6.5 DERIAZ TURBINES 80 3.6.6 WATER PUMPS WORKING
AS TURBINES 80 3.6.7 SPECIFICATION OF HYDRO TURBINES 81 REFERENCES 82 4
WIND POWER PLANTS 84 84 85 85 93 95 95 95 97 99 99 100 101 102 103 4.5
GENERATORS AND SPEED CONTROL USED IN WIND POWER ENERGY 104 4.6 ANALYSIS
OF SMALL GENERATING SYSTEMS 107 REFERENCES 110 5 THERMOSOLAR POWER
PLANTS 112 5.1 INTRODUCTION 112 5.2 WATER HEATING BY SOLAR ENERGY 112
5.3 HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATION OF THERMALLY ISOLATED RESERVOIRS 115 5.4
HEATING DOMESTIC WATER 118 5.5 THERMOSOLAR ENERGY 119 5.5.1 PARABOLIC
TROUGH 120 5.5.2 PARABOLIC DISH 122 5.5.3 SOLAR POWER TOWER 124 5.5.4
PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN 125 5.6 ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS OF THERMOSOLAR ENERGY
126 REFERENCES 127 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 INTRODUCTION APPROPRIATE LOCATION
4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 WIND EVALUATION OF WIND INTENSITY TOPOGRAPHY
PURPOSE OF THE ENERGY GENERATED MEANS OF ACCESS POWER GENERAL
CLASSIFICATION OF WIND TURBINES 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.4.6
ROTOR TURBINES MULTIPLE-BLADE TURBINES DRAG TURBINES (SAVONIUS) LIFTING
TURBINES SYSTEM TARP-WARP ACCESSORIES 6 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS 6.1
INTRODUCTION 6.2 SOLAR ENERGY 6.3 GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY BY
PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT 6.4 DEPENDENCE OF A PV CELL CHARACTERISTIC ON
TEMPERATURE 6.5 SOLAR CELL OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS 6.6 EQUIVALENT MODELS
AND PARAMETERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS 6.6.1 DARK-CURRENT ELECTRIC
PARAMETERS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL 6.6.2 MODEL OF A PV PANEL CONSISTING
OF N CELLS IN SERIES 6.6.3 MODEL OF A PV PANEL CONSISTING OF N CELLS IN
PARALLEL 6.7 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS 6.7.1 ILLUMINATION AREA 6.7.2 SOLAR
MODULES AND PANELS 6.7.3 ALUMINUM STRUCTURES 6.7.4 LOAD CONTROLLER 6.7.5
BATTERY BANK 6.8 APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY 6.8.1
RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC ILLUMINATION 6.8.2 STROBOSCOPIC SIGNALING 6.8.3
ELECTRIC FENCE 6.8.4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 6.8.5 WATER SUPPLY AND
MICRO-IRRIGATION SYSTEMS 6.8.6 CONTROL OF PLAGUES AND CONSERVATION OF
FOOD AND MEDICINE 6.8.7 HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN GENERATION BY ELECTROLYSIS
6.8.8 ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY 6.8.9 SECURITY AND ALARM SYSTEMS 6.9
ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOLAR ENERGY REFERENCES 7 POWER PLANTS WITH FUEL
CELLS 159 7.1 INTRODUCTION 159 7.2 THE FUEL CELL 160 7.3 COMMERCIAL
TECHNOLOGIES FOR GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY 162 7.4 PRACTICAL ISSUES
RELATED TO FUEL CELL STACKING 169 7.4.1 LOW- AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE FUEL
CELLS 169 7.4.2 COMMERCIAL AND MANUFACTURING ISSUES 170 CONTENTS XI 7.5
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS 171 7.6
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 173 7.7 WATER, AIR,
AND HEAT MANAGEMENT 175 7.8 LOAD CURVE PEAK SHAVING WITH FUEL CELLS 176
7.8.1 MAXIMAL LOAD CURVE FLATNESS AT CONSTANT OUTPUT POWER 176 7.8.2
AMOUNT OF THERMAL ENERGY NECESSARY 178 7.9 REFORMERS, ELECTROLYZER
SYSTEMS, AND RELATED PRECAUTIONS 180 7.10 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF FUEL CELLS 181 7.11 FUEL CELL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 182 7.12 PRACTICAL
DETERMINATION OF THE EQUIVALENT MODEL PARAMETERS 188 7.12.1 EXAMPLE OF
DETERMINATION OF FC PARAMETERS 191 7.13 ASPECTS OF HYDROGEN AS FUEL 194
7.14 FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 195 REFERENCES 196 8 BIOMASS-POWERED
MICROPLANTS 198 8.1 INTRODUCTION 198 8.2 FUEL FROM BIOMASS 202 8.3
BIOGAS 204 8.4 BIOMASS FOR BIOGAS 205 8.5 BIOLOGICAL FORMATION OF BIOGAS
206 8.6 FACTORS AFFECTING BIODIGESTION 207 8.7 CHARACTERISTICS OF
BIODIGESTERS 209 8.8 CONSTRUCTION OF BIODIGESTER 210 8.8.1 SIZING A
BIODIGESTER 211 8.9 GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY USING BIOGAS 211
REFERENCES 214 9 MICROTURBINES 215 9.1 INTRODUCTION 215 9.2 PRINCPLES OF
OPERATION 217 9.3 MICROTURBINE FUEL 219 9.4 CONTROL OF MICROTURBINES 220
9.4.1 MECHANICAL-SIDE STRUCTURE 220 9.4.2 ELECTRICAL-SIDE STRUCTURE 222
9.4.3 CONTROL-SIDE STRUCTURE 224 XII CONTENTS 9.5 EFFICIENCY AND POWER
OF MICROTURBINES 228 9.6 SITE ASSESSMENT FOR INSTALLATION OF
MICROTURBINES 230 REFERENCES 231 10 INDUCTION GENERATORS 233 10.1
INTRODUCTION 233 10.2 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 234 10.3 REPRESENTATION OF
STEADY-STATE OPERATION 236 10.4 POWER AND LOSSES GENERATED 237 10.5
SELF-EXCITED INDUCTION GENERATOR 240 10.6 MAGNETIZING CURVES AND
SELF-EXCITATION 242 10.7 MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SELF-EXCITATION
PROCESS 243 10.8 INTERCONNECTED AND STAND-ALONE OPERATION 246 10.9 SPEED
AND VOLTAGE CONTROL 248 10.9.1 FREQUENCY, SPEED, AND VOLTAGE CONTROLS
249 10.9.2 LOAD CONTROL VERSUS SOURCE CONTROL FOR INDUCTION GENERATORS
250 10.9.3 THE DANISH CONCEPT 254 10.9.4 VARIABLE-SPEED GRID CONNECTION
255 10.9.5 CONTROL BY THE LOAD VERSUS CONTROL BY THE SOURCE 256 10.10
ECONOMICAL ASPECTS 258 REFERENCES 259 11 STORAGE SYSTEMS 262 11.1
INTRODUCTION 262 11.2 ENERGY STORAGE PARAMETERS 265 11.3 LEAD-ACID
BATTERIES 268 11.3.1 CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES 268 11.3.2 BATTERY
CHARGE-DISCHARGE CYCLES 269 11.3.3 OPERATING LIMITS AND PARAMETERS 271
11.3.4 MAINTENANCE OF LEAD-ACID BATTERIES 273 11.3.5 SIZING LEAD-ACID
BATTERIES FOR DG APPLICATIONS 273 11.4 ULTRACAPACITORS 276 11.4.1
DOUBLE-LAYER ULTRACAPACITORS 277 11.4.2 HIGH-ENERGY ULTRACAPACITORS 278
11.4.3 APPLICATIONS OF ULTRACAPACITORS 279 CONTENTS XLII 11.5 FLYWHEELS
282 11.5.1 ADVANCED PERFORMANCE OF FLY WHEELS 282 11.5.2 APPLICATIONS OF
FLYWHEELS 282 11.5.3 DESIGN STRATEGIES 284 11.6 SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC
STORAGE SYSTEM 286 11.6.1 SMES SYSTEM CAPABILITIES 287 11.6.2
DEVELOPMENTS IN SMES SYSTEMS 288 11.7 PUMPED HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY
STORAGE 290 11.7.1 STORAGE CAPABILITIES OF PUMPED SYSTEMS 291 11.8
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE 292 11.9 STORAGE HEAT 294 11.10 ENERGY
STORAGE AS AN ECONOMIC RESOURCE 295 REFERENCES 299 12 INTEGRATION OF
ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY 301 12.1 INTRODUCTION 301 12.2 PRINCIPLES
OF POWER INJECTION 302 12.2.1 CONVERTING TECHNOLOGIES 302 12.2.2 POWER
CONVERTERS FOR POWER INJECTION INTO THE GRID 304 12.2.3 POWER FLOW 306
12.3 INSTANTANEOUS ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER CONTROL APPROACH 309 12.4
INTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES 312 12.4.1 DC-LINK
INTEGRATION 315 12.4.2 AC-LINK INTEGRATION 316 12.4.3 HFAC-LINK
INTEGRATION 317 12.5 ISLANDING AND INTERCONNECTION CONTROL 320 12.6 DG
CONTROL AND POWER INJECTION 325 REFERENCES 331 13 DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
333 13.1 INTRODUCTION 333 13.2 THE PURPOSE OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION 335
13.3 SIZING AND SITING OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION 338 13.4 DEMAND-SIDE
MANAGEMENT 339 13.5 OPTIMAL LOCATION OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SOURCES 340
XIV CONTENTS 13.5.1 DG INFLUENCE ON POWER AND ENERGY LOSSES 13.5.2
ESTIMATION OF DG INFLUENCE ON POWER LOSSES OF SUBTRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
13.5.3 EQUIVALENT OF SUBTRANSMISSION SYSTEMS USING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
13.6 ALGORITHM OF MULTICRITERIAL ANALYSIS REFERENCES 14 INTERCONNECTION
OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES WITH THE GRID BENJAMIN KROPOSKI, THOMAS
BASSO, RICHARD DEBLASIO, AND N. RICHARD FRIEDMAN 14.1 INTRODUCTION 14.2
INTERCONNECTION TECHNOLOGIES 14.2.1 SYNCHRONOUS INTERCONNECTION 14.2.2
INDUCTION INTERCONNECTION 14.2.3 INVERTER INTERCONNECTION 14.3 STANDARDS
AND CODES FOR INTERCONNECTION 14.3.1 IEEE 1547 14.3.2 NATIONAL
ELECTRICAL CODE 14.3.3 UL STANDARDS 14.4 INTERCONNECTION CONSIDERATIONS
14.4.1 VOLTAGE REGULATION 14.4.2 INTEGRATION WITH AREA EPS GROUNDING
14.4.3 SYNCHRONIZATION 14.4.4 ISOLATION 14.4.5 RESPONSE TO VOLTAGE
DISTURBANCE 14.4.6 RESPONSE TO FREQUENCY DISTURBANCE 14.4.7
DISCONNECTION FOR FAULTS 14.4.8 LOSS OF SYNCHRONISM 14.4.9 FEEDER
RECLOSING COORDINATION 14.4.10 DC INJECTION 14.4.11 VOLTAGE FLICKER
14.4.12 HARMONICS 14.4.13 UNINTENTIONAL ISLANDING PROTECTION 14.5
INTERCONNECTION EXAMPLES FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES 14.5.1
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR FOR PEAK DEMAND REDUCTION CONTENTS XV J 14.5.2
SMALL GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM 375 REFERENCES 378 H5
MICROPOWER SYSTEM MODELING WITH HOMER 379 TOM LAMBERT, PAUL GILMAN, AND
PETER LILIENTHAL 15.1 INTRODUCTION 379 15.2 SIMULATION 381 15.3
OPTIMIZATION 385 15.4 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 388 15.4.1 DEALING WITH
UNCERTAINTY 389 15.4.2 SENSITIVITY ANALYSES ON HOURLY DATA SETS 391 ,
15.5 PHYSICAL MODELING 393 15.5.1 LOADS 393 15.5.2 RESOURCES 395 15.5.3
COMPONENTS 397 15.5.4 SYSTEM DISPATCH 408 15.6 ECONOMIC MODELING 414
REFERENCES 416 GLOSSARY 416 APPENDIX A: DIESEL POWER PLANTS 419 A.I
INTRODUCTION 419 A.2 DIESEL ENGINE 420 A.3 PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF A
DIESEL ENGINE 421 A.3.1 FIXED PARTS 421 A.3.2 MOVING PARTS 421 A.3.3
AUXILIARY SYSTEMS 422 A.4 TERMINOLOGY OF DIESEL ENGINES 422 A.4.1 DIESEL
CYCLE 422 A.4.2 COMBUSTION PROCESS 424 A.5 DIESEL ENGINE CYCLE 425 A.5.1
RELATIVE DIESEL ENGINE CYCLE LOSSES 425 A.5.2 CLASSIFICATION OF DIESEL
ENGINES 426 A.6 TYPES OF FUEL INJECTION PUMPS 427 A.7 ELECTRICAL
CONDITIONS OF GENERATORS DRIVEN BY DIESEL ENGINES 427 REFERENCES 429 XVI
CONTENTS APPENDIX B: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 431 B.I INTRODUCTION 431 B.2
GEOTHERMAL AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY 432 B.2.1 GEOTHERMAL ECONOMICS 434
B.2.2 GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY 435 B.2.3 GEOTHERMAL/GROUND SOURCE HEAT
PUMPS 436 REFERENCES 437 APPENDIX C: THE STIRLING ENGINE 438 C.I
INTRODUCTION 438 C.2 STIRLING CYCLE 439 C.3 DISPLACER STIRLING ENGINE
442 C.4 TWO-PISTON STIRLING ENGINE 444 REFERENCES 446 INDEX 447
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| adam_txt |
INTEGRATION OF ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY | FELIX A. FARRET M. GODOY
SIMOES *IEEE IEEE PRESS WILEY- 'INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.,
PUBLICATION CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS XVII FOREWORD XIX PREFACE XXI
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XXIII ABOUT THE AUTHORS XXV 1 ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF
ENERGY 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY 2 1.3
RENEWABLE ENERGY VERSUS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY 4 1.4 PLANNING AND
DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED ENERGY 8 1.4.1 GRID-SUPPLIED ELECTRICITY 9
1.4.2 LOAD 10 1.4.3 DISTRIBUTED GENERATION 10 1.5 RENEWABLE ENERGY
ECONOMICS 11 1.5.1 CALCULATION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION COSTS 12 1.6
EUROPEAN TARGETS FOR RENEWABLES 14 1.6.1 DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS
15 1.6.2 SUPPLY-SIDE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS 16 1.7 INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES 19 1.7.1 INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE UNITED
STATES 20 1.7.2 ENERGY RECOVERY TIME 21 1.7.3 SUSTAINABILITY 23 1.8
MODERN ELECTRONIC CONTROLS OF POWER SYSTEMS 26 REFERENCES 27 VII VIII
CONTENTS 2 PRINCIPLES OF THERMODYNAMICS 2.1. INTRODUCTION 2.2. STATE OF
A THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM 2.3. FUNDAMENTAL LAWS AND PRINCIPLES 2.3.1
EXAMPLE IN A NUTSHELL 2.3.2 PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH CARNOT
CYCLE PLANT 2.3.3 RANKINE CYCLE FOR POWER PLANTS 2.3.4 BRAYTON CYCLE FOR
POWER PLANTS 2.3.5 ENERGY AND POWER 2.4 EXAMPLES OF ENERGY BALANCE 2.4.1
SIMPLE RESIDENTIAL ENERGY BALANCE 2.4.2 REFRIGERATOR ENERGY BALANCE
2.4.3 ENERGY BALANCE FOR A WATER HEATER 2.4.4 ROCK BED ENERGY BALANCE
2.4.5 ARRAY OF SOLAR COLLECTORS 2.4.6 HEAT PUMP 2.4.7 HEAT TRANSFER
ANALYSIS 2.5 PLANET EARTH: A CLOSED BUT NOT ISOLATED SYSTEM REFERENCES 3
HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 DETERMINATION OF THE
USEFUL POWER 3.3 EXPEDIENT TOPOGRAPHICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS
3.3.1 SIMPLE MEASUREMENT OF ELEVATION 3.3.2 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS
FOR ELEVATION MEASUREMENT 3.3.3 SPECIFICATION OF PIPE LOSSES 3.3.4
EXPEDIENT MEASUREMENTS OF STREAM WATER FLOW 3.3.5 CIVIL WORKS 3.4
GENERATING UNIT 3.4.1 REGULATION SYSTEMS 3.4.2 BUTTERFLY VALVES 3.5
WATERWHEELS 3.6 TURBINES 3.6.1 PELTON TURBINE 3.6.2 FRANCIS TURBINE
3.6.3 MICHEL-BANKI TURBINE CONTENTS IX 3.6.4 KAPLAN OR HYDRAULIC
PROPELLER TURBINE 79 3.6.5 DERIAZ TURBINES 80 3.6.6 WATER PUMPS WORKING
AS TURBINES 80 3.6.7 SPECIFICATION OF HYDRO TURBINES 81 REFERENCES 82 4
WIND POWER PLANTS 84 84 85 85 93 95 95 95 97 99 99 100 101 102 103 4.5
GENERATORS AND SPEED CONTROL USED IN WIND POWER ENERGY 104 4.6 ANALYSIS
OF SMALL GENERATING SYSTEMS 107 REFERENCES 110 5 THERMOSOLAR POWER
PLANTS 112 5.1 INTRODUCTION 112 5.2 WATER HEATING BY SOLAR ENERGY 112
5.3 HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATION OF THERMALLY ISOLATED RESERVOIRS 115 5.4
HEATING DOMESTIC WATER 118 5.5 THERMOSOLAR ENERGY 119 5.5.1 PARABOLIC
TROUGH 120 5.5.2 PARABOLIC DISH 122 5.5.3 SOLAR POWER TOWER 124 5.5.4
PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN 125 5.6 ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS OF THERMOSOLAR ENERGY
126 REFERENCES 127 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 INTRODUCTION APPROPRIATE LOCATION
4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 WIND EVALUATION OF WIND INTENSITY TOPOGRAPHY
PURPOSE OF THE ENERGY GENERATED MEANS OF ACCESS POWER GENERAL
CLASSIFICATION OF WIND TURBINES 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.4.6
ROTOR TURBINES MULTIPLE-BLADE TURBINES DRAG TURBINES (SAVONIUS) LIFTING
TURBINES SYSTEM TARP-WARP ACCESSORIES 6 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS 6.1
INTRODUCTION 6.2 SOLAR ENERGY 6.3 GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY BY
PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT 6.4 DEPENDENCE OF A PV CELL CHARACTERISTIC ON
TEMPERATURE 6.5 SOLAR CELL OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS 6.6 EQUIVALENT MODELS
AND PARAMETERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS 6.6.1 DARK-CURRENT ELECTRIC
PARAMETERS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL 6.6.2 MODEL OF A PV PANEL CONSISTING
OF N CELLS IN SERIES 6.6.3 MODEL OF A PV PANEL CONSISTING OF N CELLS IN
PARALLEL 6.7 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS 6.7.1 ILLUMINATION AREA 6.7.2 SOLAR
MODULES AND PANELS 6.7.3 ALUMINUM STRUCTURES 6.7.4 LOAD CONTROLLER 6.7.5
BATTERY BANK 6.8 APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY 6.8.1
RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC ILLUMINATION 6.8.2 STROBOSCOPIC SIGNALING 6.8.3
ELECTRIC FENCE 6.8.4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 6.8.5 WATER SUPPLY AND
MICRO-IRRIGATION SYSTEMS 6.8.6 CONTROL OF PLAGUES AND CONSERVATION OF
FOOD AND MEDICINE 6.8.7 HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN GENERATION BY ELECTROLYSIS
6.8.8 ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY 6.8.9 SECURITY AND ALARM SYSTEMS 6.9
ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOLAR ENERGY REFERENCES 7 POWER PLANTS WITH FUEL
CELLS 159 7.1 INTRODUCTION 159 7.2 THE FUEL CELL 160 7.3 COMMERCIAL
TECHNOLOGIES FOR GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY 162 7.4 PRACTICAL ISSUES
RELATED TO FUEL CELL STACKING 169 7.4.1 LOW- AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE FUEL
CELLS 169 7.4.2 COMMERCIAL AND MANUFACTURING ISSUES 170 CONTENTS XI 7.5
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS 171 7.6
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 173 7.7 WATER, AIR,
AND HEAT MANAGEMENT 175 7.8 LOAD CURVE PEAK SHAVING WITH FUEL CELLS 176
7.8.1 MAXIMAL LOAD CURVE FLATNESS AT CONSTANT OUTPUT POWER 176 7.8.2
AMOUNT OF THERMAL ENERGY NECESSARY 178 7.9 REFORMERS, ELECTROLYZER
SYSTEMS, AND RELATED PRECAUTIONS 180 7.10 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF FUEL CELLS 181 7.11 FUEL CELL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 182 7.12 PRACTICAL
DETERMINATION OF THE EQUIVALENT MODEL PARAMETERS 188 7.12.1 EXAMPLE OF
DETERMINATION OF FC PARAMETERS 191 7.13 ASPECTS OF HYDROGEN AS FUEL 194
7.14 FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 195 REFERENCES 196 8 BIOMASS-POWERED
MICROPLANTS 198 8.1 INTRODUCTION 198 8.2 FUEL FROM BIOMASS 202 8.3
BIOGAS 204 8.4 BIOMASS FOR BIOGAS 205 8.5 BIOLOGICAL FORMATION OF BIOGAS
206 8.6 FACTORS AFFECTING BIODIGESTION 207 8.7 CHARACTERISTICS OF
BIODIGESTERS 209 8.8 CONSTRUCTION OF BIODIGESTER 210 8.8.1 SIZING A
BIODIGESTER 211 8.9 GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY USING BIOGAS 211
REFERENCES 214 9 MICROTURBINES 215 9.1 INTRODUCTION 215 9.2 PRINCPLES OF
OPERATION 217 9.3 MICROTURBINE FUEL 219 9.4 CONTROL OF MICROTURBINES 220
9.4.1 MECHANICAL-SIDE STRUCTURE 220 9.4.2 ELECTRICAL-SIDE STRUCTURE 222
9.4.3 CONTROL-SIDE STRUCTURE 224 XII CONTENTS 9.5 EFFICIENCY AND POWER
OF MICROTURBINES 228 9.6 SITE ASSESSMENT FOR INSTALLATION OF
MICROTURBINES 230 REFERENCES 231 10 INDUCTION GENERATORS 233 10.1
INTRODUCTION 233 10.2 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 234 10.3 REPRESENTATION OF
STEADY-STATE OPERATION 236 10.4 POWER AND LOSSES GENERATED 237 10.5
SELF-EXCITED INDUCTION GENERATOR 240 10.6 MAGNETIZING CURVES AND
SELF-EXCITATION 242 10.7 MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SELF-EXCITATION
PROCESS 243 10.8 INTERCONNECTED AND STAND-ALONE OPERATION 246 10.9 SPEED
AND VOLTAGE CONTROL 248 10.9.1 FREQUENCY, SPEED, AND VOLTAGE CONTROLS
249 10.9.2 LOAD CONTROL VERSUS SOURCE CONTROL FOR INDUCTION GENERATORS
250 10.9.3 THE DANISH CONCEPT 254 10.9.4 VARIABLE-SPEED GRID CONNECTION
255 10.9.5 CONTROL BY THE LOAD VERSUS CONTROL BY THE SOURCE 256 10.10
ECONOMICAL ASPECTS 258 REFERENCES 259 11 STORAGE SYSTEMS 262 11.1
INTRODUCTION 262 11.2 ENERGY STORAGE PARAMETERS 265 11.3 LEAD-ACID
BATTERIES 268 11.3.1 CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES 268 11.3.2 BATTERY
CHARGE-DISCHARGE CYCLES 269 11.3.3 OPERATING LIMITS AND PARAMETERS 271
11.3.4 MAINTENANCE OF LEAD-ACID BATTERIES 273 11.3.5 SIZING LEAD-ACID
BATTERIES FOR DG APPLICATIONS 273 11.4 ULTRACAPACITORS 276 11.4.1
DOUBLE-LAYER ULTRACAPACITORS 277 11.4.2 HIGH-ENERGY ULTRACAPACITORS 278
11.4.3 APPLICATIONS OF ULTRACAPACITORS 279 CONTENTS XLII 11.5 FLYWHEELS
282 11.5.1 ADVANCED PERFORMANCE OF FLY WHEELS 282 11.5.2 APPLICATIONS OF
FLYWHEELS 282 11.5.3 DESIGN STRATEGIES 284 11.6 SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC
STORAGE SYSTEM 286 11.6.1 SMES SYSTEM CAPABILITIES 287 11.6.2
DEVELOPMENTS IN SMES SYSTEMS 288 11.7 PUMPED HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY
STORAGE 290 11.7.1 STORAGE CAPABILITIES OF PUMPED SYSTEMS 291 11.8
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE 292 11.9 STORAGE HEAT 294 11.10 ENERGY
STORAGE AS AN ECONOMIC RESOURCE 295 REFERENCES 299 12 INTEGRATION OF
ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY 301 12.1 INTRODUCTION 301 12.2 PRINCIPLES
OF POWER INJECTION 302 12.2.1 CONVERTING TECHNOLOGIES 302 12.2.2 POWER
CONVERTERS FOR POWER INJECTION INTO THE GRID 304 12.2.3 POWER FLOW 306
12.3 INSTANTANEOUS ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER CONTROL APPROACH 309 12.4
INTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES 312 12.4.1 DC-LINK
INTEGRATION 315 12.4.2 AC-LINK INTEGRATION 316 12.4.3 HFAC-LINK
INTEGRATION 317 12.5 ISLANDING AND INTERCONNECTION CONTROL 320 12.6 DG
CONTROL AND POWER INJECTION 325 REFERENCES 331 13 DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
333 13.1 INTRODUCTION 333 13.2 THE PURPOSE OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION 335
13.3 SIZING AND SITING OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION 338 13.4 DEMAND-SIDE
MANAGEMENT 339 13.5 OPTIMAL LOCATION OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SOURCES 340
XIV CONTENTS 13.5.1 DG INFLUENCE ON POWER AND ENERGY LOSSES 13.5.2
ESTIMATION OF DG INFLUENCE ON POWER LOSSES OF SUBTRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
13.5.3 EQUIVALENT OF SUBTRANSMISSION SYSTEMS USING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
13.6 ALGORITHM OF MULTICRITERIAL ANALYSIS REFERENCES 14 INTERCONNECTION
OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES WITH THE GRID BENJAMIN KROPOSKI, THOMAS
BASSO, RICHARD DEBLASIO, AND N. RICHARD FRIEDMAN 14.1 INTRODUCTION 14.2
INTERCONNECTION TECHNOLOGIES 14.2.1 SYNCHRONOUS INTERCONNECTION 14.2.2
INDUCTION INTERCONNECTION 14.2.3 INVERTER INTERCONNECTION 14.3 STANDARDS
AND CODES FOR INTERCONNECTION 14.3.1 IEEE 1547 14.3.2 NATIONAL
ELECTRICAL CODE 14.3.3 UL STANDARDS 14.4 INTERCONNECTION CONSIDERATIONS
14.4.1 VOLTAGE REGULATION 14.4.2 INTEGRATION WITH AREA EPS GROUNDING
14.4.3 SYNCHRONIZATION 14.4.4 ISOLATION 14.4.5 RESPONSE TO VOLTAGE
DISTURBANCE 14.4.6 RESPONSE TO FREQUENCY DISTURBANCE 14.4.7
DISCONNECTION FOR FAULTS 14.4.8 LOSS OF SYNCHRONISM 14.4.9 FEEDER
RECLOSING COORDINATION 14.4.10 DC INJECTION 14.4.11 VOLTAGE FLICKER
14.4.12 HARMONICS 14.4.13 UNINTENTIONAL ISLANDING PROTECTION 14.5
INTERCONNECTION EXAMPLES FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES 14.5.1
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR FOR PEAK DEMAND REDUCTION CONTENTS XV J 14.5.2
SMALL GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM 375 REFERENCES 378 H5
MICROPOWER SYSTEM MODELING WITH HOMER 379 TOM LAMBERT, PAUL GILMAN, AND
PETER LILIENTHAL 15.1 INTRODUCTION 379 15.2 SIMULATION 381 15.3
OPTIMIZATION 385 15.4 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 388 15.4.1 DEALING WITH
UNCERTAINTY 389 15.4.2 SENSITIVITY ANALYSES ON HOURLY DATA SETS 391 ,
15.5 PHYSICAL MODELING 393 15.5.1 LOADS 393 15.5.2 RESOURCES 395 15.5.3
COMPONENTS 397 15.5.4 SYSTEM DISPATCH 408 15.6 ECONOMIC MODELING 414
REFERENCES 416 GLOSSARY 416 APPENDIX A: DIESEL POWER PLANTS 419 A.I
INTRODUCTION 419 A.2 DIESEL ENGINE 420 A.3 PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF A
DIESEL ENGINE 421 A.3.1 FIXED PARTS 421 A.3.2 MOVING PARTS 421 A.3.3
AUXILIARY SYSTEMS 422 A.4 TERMINOLOGY OF DIESEL ENGINES 422 A.4.1 DIESEL
CYCLE 422 A.4.2 COMBUSTION PROCESS 424 A.5 DIESEL ENGINE CYCLE 425 A.5.1
RELATIVE DIESEL ENGINE CYCLE LOSSES 425 A.5.2 CLASSIFICATION OF DIESEL
ENGINES 426 A.6 TYPES OF FUEL INJECTION PUMPS 427 A.7 ELECTRICAL
CONDITIONS OF GENERATORS DRIVEN BY DIESEL ENGINES 427 REFERENCES 429 XVI
CONTENTS APPENDIX B: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 431 B.I INTRODUCTION 431 B.2
GEOTHERMAL AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY 432 B.2.1 GEOTHERMAL ECONOMICS 434
B.2.2 GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY 435 B.2.3 GEOTHERMAL/GROUND SOURCE HEAT
PUMPS 436 REFERENCES 437 APPENDIX C: THE STIRLING ENGINE 438 C.I
INTRODUCTION 438 C.2 STIRLING CYCLE 439 C.3 DISPLACER STIRLING ENGINE
442 C.4 TWO-PISTON STIRLING ENGINE 444 REFERENCES 446 INDEX 447 |
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| author | Farret, Felix A. 1947- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)135912202 (DE-588)135912253 |
| author_facet | Farret, Felix A. 1947- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Farret, Felix A. 1947- |
| author_variant | f a f fa faf |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021611603 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TJ163 |
| callnumber-raw | TJ163.2 |
| callnumber-search | TJ163.2 |
| callnumber-sort | TJ 3163.2 |
| callnumber-subject | TJ - Mechanical Engineering and Machinery |
| classification_rvk | AR 26000 RB 10696 ZP 3700 |
| classification_tum | ERG 700f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1074564037 (DE-599)BVBBV021611603 |
| dewey-full | 621.042 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 621 - Applied physics |
| dewey-raw | 621.042 |
| dewey-search | 621.042 |
| dewey-sort | 3621.042 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Energietechnik, Energiewirtschaft Allgemeines Energietechnik Geographie |
| discipline_str_mv | Energietechnik, Energiewirtschaft Allgemeines Energietechnik Geographie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV021611603 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:50:46Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:39:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0471712329 9780471712329 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2005048975 |
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| physical | XXVI, 471 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2006 |
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| publisher | IEEE Pr. Wiley-Interscience |
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| spelling | Farret, Felix A. 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)135912202 aut Integration of alternative sources of energy Felix A. Farret, M. Godoy Simões [Piscataway] IEEE Pr. 2006 Hoboken, N.J. Wiley-Interscience XXVI, 471 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Ressources énergétiques Énergies renouvelables Power resources Renewable energy sources Dezentrale Energieversorgung (DE-588)4012002-8 gnd rswk-swf Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 gnd rswk-swf Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 s Dezentrale Energieversorgung (DE-588)4012002-8 s Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 s 1\p DE-604 Simões, Marcelo Godoy 1963- Sonstige (DE-588)135912253 oth http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0625/2005048975-d.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0625/2005048975-t.html Table of contents HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014826809&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Farret, Felix A. 1947- Integration of alternative sources of energy Ressources énergétiques Énergies renouvelables Power resources Renewable energy sources Dezentrale Energieversorgung (DE-588)4012002-8 gnd Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4012002-8 (DE-588)7708028-2 (DE-588)4068598-6 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Integration of alternative sources of energy |
| title_auth | Integration of alternative sources of energy |
| title_exact_search | Integration of alternative sources of energy |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Integration of alternative sources of energy |
| title_full | Integration of alternative sources of energy Felix A. Farret, M. Godoy Simões |
| title_fullStr | Integration of alternative sources of energy Felix A. Farret, M. Godoy Simões |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integration of alternative sources of energy Felix A. Farret, M. Godoy Simões |
| title_short | Integration of alternative sources of energy |
| title_sort | integration of alternative sources of energy |
| topic | Ressources énergétiques Énergies renouvelables Power resources Renewable energy sources Dezentrale Energieversorgung (DE-588)4012002-8 gnd Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ressources énergétiques Énergies renouvelables Power resources Renewable energy sources Dezentrale Energieversorgung Intelligentes Stromnetz Erneuerbare Energien Aufsatzsammlung |
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