Mediterranean climate variability:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Developments in earth & environmental sciences
4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 421 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0444521704 9780444521705 |
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| adam_text | DEVELOPMENTS IN EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, 4 MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE
VARIABILITY EDITED BY P. LIONELLO UNIVERSITY OF LECCE, ITALY P.
MALANOTTE-RIZZOLI MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02319, USA R. BOSCOLO CLIVAR,
INTERNATIONAL PROJECT OFFICE, SOUTHAMPTON, UK ELSEVIER AMSTERDAM -
BOSTON - HEIDELBERG - LONDON - NEW YORK - OXFORD - PARIS SAN DIEGO - SAN
FRANCISCO - SINGAPORE - SYDNEY - TOKYO CONTENTS ABRIDGED CONTENTS V
PREFACE XIII INTRODUCTION. THE MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE: AN OVERVIEW OF THE
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND ISSUES 1 1. THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION: CLIMATE
AND CHARACTERISTICS 1 2. REGIONAL PROCESSES AND LINKS TO THE GLOBAL
CLIMATE 6 3. CLIMATE TRENDS AND CHANGE AT REGIONAL SCALE 11 4.
SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 14 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17 REFERENCES 18 CHAPTER
1. MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE VARIABILITY OVER THE LAST CENTURIES: A REVIEW
27 1.1. INTRODUCTION 29 1.2. PAST REGIONAL MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE
EVIDENCE AND EXTREMES 32 1.2.1. EVIDENCE FROM EARLY INSTRUMENTAL AND
DOCUMENTARY DATA 32 1.2.2. EVIDENCE FROM NATURAL PROXIES 57 1.3.
LARGE-SCALE CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS AND IMPORTANCE OF PROXY DATA FOR THE
MEDITERRANEAN 77 1.4. MEDITERRANEAN WINTER TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION
VARIABILITY OVER THE LAST 500 YEARS 83 1.5. CONNECTION BETWEEN THE
LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND MEDITERRANEAN WINTER CLIMATE
OVER THE LAST CENTURIES 98 1.5.1. MAJOR ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS
ASSOCIATED WITH MEDITERRANEAN WINTER CLIMATE ANOMALIES 98 1.5.2.
MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE VARIABILITY SINCE THE MID-SEVENTEENTH CENTURY IN
TERMS OF LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION DYNAMICS 103 1.5.3. RUNNING CORRELATION
ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND
MEDITERRANEAN WINTER CLIMATE OVER THE LAST CENTURIES 105 VIII CONTENTS
1.6. TELECONNECTION STUDIES WITH OTHER PARTS OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
109 1.7. MEDITERRANEAN WINTER TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION
RECONSTRUCTIONS IN COMPARISON WITH THE ECHO-G AND HADCM3 COUPLED MODELS
113 1.7.1. PAST CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND ITS RELATIONS TO VOLCANISM,
SOLAR ACTIVITY AND GHG CONCENTRATIONS: RECONSTRUCTIONS AND MODELS 117
1.8. CONCLUSIONS 119 1.9. OUTLOOK 122 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 125 REFERENCES
126 CHAPTER 2. RELATIONS BETWEEN CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN REGION AND THE TROPICS: ENSO, SOUTH ASIAN AND AFRICAN
MONSOONS, HURRICANES AND SAHARAN DUST 149 2.1. INTRODUCTION 149 2.2.
ENSO IMPACT ON THE MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE 150 2.2.1. ENSO AND EASTERN
MEDITERRANEAN (EM) RAINFALL 151 2.2.2. ENSO AND THE WESTERN
MEDITERRANEAN RELATIONSHIP 154 2.2.3. ENSO AND EXTREME MEDITERRANEAN
RAINFALL 156 2.2.4. TRANSIENT AND STATIONARY WAVES APPROACH 157 2.2.5.
POSSIBLE COUPLING MECHANISM OF ENSO AND THE MEDITERRANEAN 157 2.3. SOUTH
ASIAN MONSOON VARIABILITY AND THE MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE 159 2.3.1.
MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE AND THE SOUTH ASIAN RAINFALL 160 2.4. AFRICAN
MONSOON IMPACT ON THE CLIMATE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN 161 2.5. TROPICAL
CYCLONES IMPACT ON THE MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE 162 2.6. TROPICAL
INTRUSIONS INTO THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 164 2.7. MEDITERRANEAN DUST
TRANSPORT FROM SAHARA 165 2.8. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 168 2.8.1. FUTURE
RESEARCH ON ENSO IMPACT ON MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE 170 2.8.2. FUTURE
RESEARCH ON SOUTH ASIAN MONSOON VARIABILITY AND THE MEDITERRANEAN
CLIMATE 170 2.8.3. FUTURE RESEARCH ON AFRICAN MONSOON IMPACTS ON THE
CLIMATE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN 171 2.8.4. FUTURE RESEARCH ON TROPICAL
INTRUSIONS INTO THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 171 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 172
REFERENCES 172 CONTENTS IX CHAPTER 3. RELATIONS BETWEEN VARIABILITY IN
THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION AND MID-LATITUDE VARIABILITY 179 3.1.
INTRODUCTION 180 3.2. MID-LATITUDE MODES OF ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY AND
THEIR IMPACT 182 3.2.1. THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION PATTERN 183
3.2.2. THE EASTERN ATLANTIC AND EASTERN ATLANTIC/WESTERN RUSSIA PATTERNS
187 3.2.3. THE SCANDINAVIAN AND BLOCKING PATTERNS 189 3.2.4. OTHER MODES
191 3.3. TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY 192 3.4. PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY 193
3.5. TRENDS 198 3.5.1. TEMPERATURE TRENDS 198 3.5.2. PRECIPITATION
TRENDS 202 3.5.3. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS FOR OBSERVED TEMPERATURE AND
PRECIPITATION TRENDS 204 3.6. OTHER IMPORTANT FORCING FACTORS 212 3.6.1.
TROPICAL AND EXTRATROPICAL SST 212 3.6.2. SOLAR VARIABILITY 213 3.7.
FUTURE OUTLOOK 215 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS , 218 REFERENCES 219 CHAPTER 4.
CHANGES IN THE OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND THEIR LINK TO
CLIMATE VARIABILITY 227 4.1. INTRODUCTION 227 4.2. THE FORCING OF THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA 229 4.2.1. AIR-SEA INTERACTION 229 4.2.2. RIVER
OUTFLOW 231 4.2.3. EXCHANGES THROUGH THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR 235
4.2.4. THE EXCHANGE WITH THE BLACK SEA 236 4.3. THE MEDITERRANEAN
OVERTURNING CIRCULATION 239 4.3.1. THE MODIFICATION OF THE ATLANTIC
INFLOW 239 4.3.2. INTERMEDIATE WATER FORMATION 241 4.3.3. DEEP WATER
FORMATION IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN 243 4.3.4. DEEP WATER FORMATION
IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN 245 4.4. CLIMATIC CHANGES IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA CIRCULATION 246 4.4.1. MULTIDECADAL TRENDS IN WATER
MASS CHARACTERISTICS 246 4.4.2. RAPID CHANGES: THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
TRANSIENT 249 4.4.3. WHAT CAUSED THE EMT? 251 4.5. THE IMPACT OF
LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY ON THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA 260 4.6.
SEA LEVEL CHANGES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA 261 4.6.1. EXTREME SEA LEVELS
263 X CONTENTS 4.7. CHANGES IN THE WIND-WAVE FIELD 265 4.8. OUTLOOK AND
FUTURE CHALLENGES 268 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 270 REFERENCES 270 CHAPTER 5. THE
ATLANTIC AND MEDITERRANEAN SEA AS CONNECTED SYSTEMS 283 5.1.
INTRODUCTION 283 5.2. MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW VS. MEDITERRANEAN INTERNAL
VARIABILITY 284 5.2.1. DESCRIPTION OF NUMERICAL MODEL 285 5.2.2. ZONAL
AND MERIDIONAL CELLS 285 5.2.3. MEAN STATE AND VARIABILITY 286 5.2.4.
TIMESCALES OF MEDITERRANEAN THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION 287 5.2.5. DECADAL
OSCILLATIONS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA 293 5.3. THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR:
A GATE TO THE ATLANTIC 299 5.4. SPREADING OF MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW WATER
IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC 303 5.4.1. DYNAMICS OF MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW WATER
305 5.4.2. MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW WATER AND STABILITY AND VARIABILITY OF
MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION 307 5.4.3. MODELLING OF MEDITERRANEAN
OUTFLOW WATER 310 5.5. DISCUSSION AND FUTURE CHALLENGES 314 REFERENCES
316 CHAPTER 6. CYCLONES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION: CLIMATOLOGY AND
EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT 325 6.1. INTRODUCTION 325 6.1.1. HISTORICAL
NOTES 328 6.2. MEDITERRANEAN CYCLONES: DATA, METHODS AND DYNAMICS 329
6.2.1. DYNAMICS OF CYCLONES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION 329 6.2.2.
AVAILABLE SETS OF DATA 332 6.2.3. METHODOLOGY 333 6.3. CLIMATOLOGY OF
CYCLONES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 337 6.3.1 CHARACTERISTICS, SUB-AREAS OF
CYCLOGENESIS, SEASONALITY AND GENERATION MECHANISMS 337 6.3.2. THE ROLE
OF LARGE-SCALE CLIMATE PATTERNS ON THE MEDITERRANEAN CYCLONES 342 6.3.3.
TRENDS 343 6.4. WEATHER PATTERNS AND MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT 344
6.4.1. PRECIPITATION 345 6.4.2. STRONG WINDS 351 6.4.3. STORM SURGE 353
6.4.4 WIND WAVES 357 6.4.5. LANDSLIDES 360 CONTENTS XI 6.5. CONCLUSIONS
362 6.6. OUTLOOK 364 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 365 REFERENCES 365 CHAPTER 7.
REGIONAL ATMOSPHERIC, MARINE PROCESSES AND CLIMATE MODELLING 373 7.1.
INTRODUCTION 373 7.2. TELECONNECTION PATTERNS FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN
REGION 376 7.3. MEDITERRANEAN THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION AND ITS
SENSITIVITY TO ATMOSPHERIC FORCING 379 7.4. SENSITIVITY OF THE
MEDITERRANEAN THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION TO ANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL WARMING
381 7.5. CURRENT STATUS OF MEDITERRANEAN REGIONAL CLIMATE MODELLING 386
7.6. ATMOSPHERE-SEA COUPLED MODELLING 387 7.7. PERSPECTIVES AND OUTLOOKS
390 7.7.1. HIGH-RESOLUTION MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE MODELLING SYSTEMS 391
7.7.2. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF INTEGRATED REGIONAL MODELLING
SYSTEMS 392 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 393 REFERENCES 393 CHAPTER 8. THE
MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE CHANGE UNDER GLOBAL WARMING 399 8.1. INTRODUCTION
399 8.2. GLOBAL-COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS 400 8.3. REGIONAL CLIMATE
SCENARIOS 405 8.3.1. STATISTICAL DOWNSCALING 405 8.3.2. RCM SIMULATIONS
406 8.3.3. AGCM SIMULATIONS WITH VARIABLE RESOLUTION 407 8.4. IMPACTS ON
LAND SURFACE AND VEGETATION 412 8.5. FUTURE RESEARCH 413 REFERENCES
413 SUBJECT INDEX 417
|
| adam_txt |
DEVELOPMENTS IN EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, 4 MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE
VARIABILITY EDITED BY P. LIONELLO UNIVERSITY OF LECCE, ITALY P.
MALANOTTE-RIZZOLI MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02319, USA R. BOSCOLO CLIVAR,
INTERNATIONAL PROJECT OFFICE, SOUTHAMPTON, UK ELSEVIER AMSTERDAM -
BOSTON - HEIDELBERG - LONDON - NEW YORK - OXFORD - PARIS SAN DIEGO - SAN
FRANCISCO - SINGAPORE - SYDNEY - TOKYO CONTENTS ABRIDGED CONTENTS V
PREFACE XIII INTRODUCTION. THE MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE: AN OVERVIEW OF THE
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND ISSUES 1 1. THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION: CLIMATE
AND CHARACTERISTICS 1 2. REGIONAL PROCESSES AND LINKS TO THE GLOBAL
CLIMATE 6 3. CLIMATE TRENDS AND CHANGE AT REGIONAL SCALE 11 4.
SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 14 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17 REFERENCES 18 CHAPTER
1. MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE VARIABILITY OVER THE LAST CENTURIES: A REVIEW
27 1.1. INTRODUCTION 29 1.2. PAST REGIONAL MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE
EVIDENCE AND EXTREMES 32 1.2.1. EVIDENCE FROM EARLY INSTRUMENTAL AND
DOCUMENTARY DATA 32 1.2.2. EVIDENCE FROM NATURAL PROXIES 57 1.3.
LARGE-SCALE CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS AND IMPORTANCE OF PROXY DATA FOR THE
MEDITERRANEAN 77 1.4. MEDITERRANEAN WINTER TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION
VARIABILITY OVER THE LAST 500 YEARS 83 1.5. CONNECTION BETWEEN THE
LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND MEDITERRANEAN WINTER CLIMATE
OVER THE LAST CENTURIES 98 1.5.1. MAJOR ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS
ASSOCIATED WITH MEDITERRANEAN WINTER CLIMATE ANOMALIES 98 1.5.2.
MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE VARIABILITY SINCE THE MID-SEVENTEENTH CENTURY IN
TERMS OF LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION DYNAMICS 103 1.5.3. RUNNING CORRELATION
ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND
MEDITERRANEAN WINTER CLIMATE OVER THE LAST CENTURIES 105 VIII CONTENTS
1.6. TELECONNECTION STUDIES WITH OTHER PARTS OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
109 1.7. MEDITERRANEAN WINTER TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION
RECONSTRUCTIONS IN COMPARISON WITH THE ECHO-G AND HADCM3 COUPLED MODELS
113 1.7.1. PAST CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND ITS RELATIONS TO VOLCANISM,
SOLAR ACTIVITY AND GHG CONCENTRATIONS: RECONSTRUCTIONS AND MODELS 117
1.8. CONCLUSIONS 119 1.9. OUTLOOK 122 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 125 REFERENCES
126 CHAPTER 2. RELATIONS BETWEEN CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN REGION AND THE TROPICS: ENSO, SOUTH ASIAN AND AFRICAN
MONSOONS, HURRICANES AND SAHARAN DUST 149 2.1. INTRODUCTION 149 2.2.
ENSO IMPACT ON THE MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE 150 2.2.1. ENSO AND EASTERN
MEDITERRANEAN (EM) RAINFALL 151 2.2.2. ENSO AND THE WESTERN
MEDITERRANEAN RELATIONSHIP 154 2.2.3. ENSO AND EXTREME MEDITERRANEAN
RAINFALL 156 2.2.4. TRANSIENT AND STATIONARY WAVES APPROACH 157 2.2.5.
POSSIBLE COUPLING MECHANISM OF ENSO AND THE MEDITERRANEAN 157 2.3. SOUTH
ASIAN MONSOON VARIABILITY AND THE MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE 159 2.3.1.
MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE AND THE SOUTH ASIAN RAINFALL 160 2.4. AFRICAN
MONSOON IMPACT ON THE CLIMATE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN 161 2.5. TROPICAL
CYCLONES' IMPACT ON THE MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE 162 2.6. TROPICAL
INTRUSIONS INTO THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 164 2.7. MEDITERRANEAN DUST
TRANSPORT FROM SAHARA 165 2.8. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 168 2.8.1. FUTURE
RESEARCH ON ENSO IMPACT ON MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE 170 2.8.2. FUTURE
RESEARCH ON SOUTH ASIAN MONSOON VARIABILITY AND THE MEDITERRANEAN
CLIMATE 170 2.8.3. FUTURE RESEARCH ON AFRICAN MONSOON IMPACTS ON THE
CLIMATE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN 171 2.8.4. FUTURE RESEARCH ON TROPICAL
INTRUSIONS INTO THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 171 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 172
REFERENCES 172 CONTENTS IX CHAPTER 3. RELATIONS BETWEEN VARIABILITY IN
THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION AND MID-LATITUDE VARIABILITY 179 3.1.
INTRODUCTION 180 3.2. MID-LATITUDE MODES OF ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY AND
THEIR IMPACT 182 3.2.1. THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION PATTERN 183
3.2.2. THE EASTERN ATLANTIC AND EASTERN ATLANTIC/WESTERN RUSSIA PATTERNS
187 3.2.3. THE SCANDINAVIAN AND BLOCKING PATTERNS 189 3.2.4. OTHER MODES
191 3.3. TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY 192 3.4. PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY 193
3.5. TRENDS 198 3.5.1. TEMPERATURE TRENDS 198 3.5.2. PRECIPITATION
TRENDS 202 3.5.3. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS FOR OBSERVED TEMPERATURE AND
PRECIPITATION TRENDS 204 3.6. OTHER IMPORTANT FORCING FACTORS 212 3.6.1.
TROPICAL AND EXTRATROPICAL SST 212 3.6.2. SOLAR VARIABILITY 213 3.7.
FUTURE OUTLOOK 215 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS , 218 REFERENCES 219 CHAPTER 4.
CHANGES IN THE OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND THEIR LINK TO
CLIMATE VARIABILITY 227 4.1. INTRODUCTION 227 4.2. THE FORCING OF THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA 229 4.2.1. AIR-SEA INTERACTION 229 4.2.2. RIVER
OUTFLOW \ 231 4.2.3. EXCHANGES THROUGH THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR \ 235
4.2.4. THE EXCHANGE WITH THE BLACK SEA 236 4.3. THE MEDITERRANEAN
OVERTURNING CIRCULATION 239 4.3.1. THE MODIFICATION OF THE ATLANTIC
INFLOW 239 4.3.2. INTERMEDIATE WATER FORMATION 241 4.3.3. DEEP WATER
FORMATION IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN 243 4.3.4. DEEP WATER FORMATION
IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN 245 4.4. CLIMATIC CHANGES IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA CIRCULATION 246 4.4.1. MULTIDECADAL TRENDS IN WATER
MASS CHARACTERISTICS 246 4.4.2. RAPID CHANGES: THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
TRANSIENT 249 4.4.3. WHAT CAUSED THE EMT? 251 4.5. THE IMPACT OF
LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY ON THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA 260 4.6.
SEA LEVEL CHANGES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA 261 4.6.1. EXTREME SEA LEVELS
263 X CONTENTS 4.7. CHANGES IN THE WIND-WAVE FIELD 265 4.8. OUTLOOK AND
FUTURE CHALLENGES 268 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 270 REFERENCES 270 CHAPTER 5. THE
ATLANTIC AND MEDITERRANEAN SEA AS CONNECTED SYSTEMS 283 5.1.
INTRODUCTION 283 5.2. MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW VS. MEDITERRANEAN INTERNAL
VARIABILITY 284 5.2.1. DESCRIPTION OF NUMERICAL MODEL 285 5.2.2. ZONAL
AND MERIDIONAL CELLS 285 5.2.3. MEAN STATE AND VARIABILITY 286 5.2.4.
TIMESCALES OF MEDITERRANEAN THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION 287 5.2.5. DECADAL
OSCILLATIONS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA 293 5.3. THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR:
A GATE TO THE ATLANTIC 299 5.4. SPREADING OF MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW WATER
IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC 303 5.4.1. DYNAMICS OF MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW WATER
305 5.4.2. MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW WATER AND STABILITY AND VARIABILITY OF
MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION 307 5.4.3. MODELLING OF MEDITERRANEAN
OUTFLOW WATER 310 5.5. DISCUSSION AND FUTURE CHALLENGES 314 REFERENCES
316 CHAPTER 6. CYCLONES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION: CLIMATOLOGY AND
EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT 325 6.1. INTRODUCTION 325 6.1.1. "HISTORICAL"
NOTES 328 6.2. MEDITERRANEAN CYCLONES: DATA, METHODS AND DYNAMICS 329
6.2.1. DYNAMICS OF CYCLONES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION 329 6.2.2.
AVAILABLE SETS OF DATA 332 6.2.3. METHODOLOGY 333 6.3. CLIMATOLOGY OF
CYCLONES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 337 6.3.1 CHARACTERISTICS, SUB-AREAS OF
CYCLOGENESIS, SEASONALITY AND GENERATION MECHANISMS 337 6.3.2. THE ROLE
OF LARGE-SCALE CLIMATE PATTERNS ON THE MEDITERRANEAN CYCLONES 342 6.3.3.
TRENDS 343 6.4. WEATHER PATTERNS AND MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT 344
6.4.1. PRECIPITATION 345 6.4.2. STRONG WINDS 351 6.4.3. STORM SURGE 353
6.4.4 WIND WAVES 357 6.4.5. LANDSLIDES 360 CONTENTS XI 6.5. CONCLUSIONS
362 6.6. OUTLOOK 364 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 365 REFERENCES 365 CHAPTER 7.
REGIONAL ATMOSPHERIC, MARINE PROCESSES AND CLIMATE MODELLING 373 7.1.
INTRODUCTION 373 7.2. TELECONNECTION PATTERNS FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN
REGION 376 7.3. MEDITERRANEAN THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION AND ITS
SENSITIVITY TO ATMOSPHERIC FORCING 379 7.4. SENSITIVITY OF THE
MEDITERRANEAN THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION TO ANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL WARMING
381 7.5. CURRENT STATUS OF MEDITERRANEAN REGIONAL CLIMATE MODELLING 386
7.6. ATMOSPHERE-SEA COUPLED MODELLING 387 7.7. PERSPECTIVES AND OUTLOOKS
390 7.7.1. HIGH-RESOLUTION MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE MODELLING SYSTEMS 391
7.7.2. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF INTEGRATED REGIONAL MODELLING
SYSTEMS 392 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 393 REFERENCES 393 CHAPTER 8. THE
MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE CHANGE UNDER GLOBAL WARMING 399 8.1. INTRODUCTION
399 8.2. GLOBAL-COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS 400 8.3. REGIONAL CLIMATE
SCENARIOS 405 8.3.1. STATISTICAL DOWNSCALING 405 8.3.2. RCM SIMULATIONS
406 8.3.3. AGCM SIMULATIONS WITH VARIABLE RESOLUTION 407 8.4. IMPACTS ON
LAND SURFACE AND VEGETATION \ 412 8.5. FUTURE RESEARCH ' 413 REFERENCES
413 SUBJECT INDEX 417 |
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| geographic | Mittelmeerraum (DE-588)4074900-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Mittelmeerraum |
| id | DE-604.BV021601254 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:47:47Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:39:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0444521704 9780444521705 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014816597 |
| oclc_num | 62307596 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-384 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-20 DE-703 DE-29 DE-12 DE-11 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-384 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-20 DE-703 DE-29 DE-12 DE-11 DE-188 |
| physical | XV, 421 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Developments in earth & environmental sciences |
| series2 | Developments in earth & environmental sciences |
| spelling | Mediterranean climate variability ed. by P. Lionello ... 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2006 XV, 421 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Developments in earth & environmental sciences 4 Akdeniz iklimi İklim değişiklikleri Klimaänderung Climatic changes Mediterranean Region Mediterranean climate Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd rswk-swf Mittelmeerraum (DE-588)4074900-9 gnd rswk-swf Mittelmeerraum (DE-588)4074900-9 g Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 s DE-604 Lionello, Piero Sonstige oth Developments in earth & environmental sciences 4 (DE-604)BV019348576 4 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014816597&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mediterranean climate variability Developments in earth & environmental sciences Akdeniz iklimi İklim değişiklikleri Klimaänderung Climatic changes Mediterranean Region Mediterranean climate Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4031170-3 (DE-588)4074900-9 |
| title | Mediterranean climate variability |
| title_auth | Mediterranean climate variability |
| title_exact_search | Mediterranean climate variability |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Mediterranean climate variability |
| title_full | Mediterranean climate variability ed. by P. Lionello ... |
| title_fullStr | Mediterranean climate variability ed. by P. Lionello ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mediterranean climate variability ed. by P. Lionello ... |
| title_short | Mediterranean climate variability |
| title_sort | mediterranean climate variability |
| topic | Akdeniz iklimi İklim değişiklikleri Klimaänderung Climatic changes Mediterranean Region Mediterranean climate Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Akdeniz iklimi İklim değişiklikleri Klimaänderung Climatic changes Mediterranean Region Mediterranean climate Klima Mittelmeerraum |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014816597&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV019348576 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lionellopiero mediterraneanclimatevariability |