Decolonizing the colonial city: urbanization and stratification in Kingston, Jamaica
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford University Press
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Oxford geographical and environmental studies
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 298 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0199269815 9780199269815 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Clarke, Colin |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Decolonizing the colonial city |b urbanization and stratification in Kingston, Jamaica |c Colin Clarke |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Urbanization |z Jamaica |z Kingston | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Social stratification |z Jamaica |z Kingston | |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of Plates xix
List of Figures xxi
List of Tables xxiv
1. Kingston: A Creole Colonial City (1692 1962) 1
2. Urbanization in Kingston since Independence 45
3. Plural Stratification: Colour Class and Culture 103
4. Colour Class and Race Segregation: The Spatial Dimension 155
5. From Slum to Ghetto: Social Deprivation 185
6. Politics, Violence, and Drugs 205
7. Decolonization and the Politics of National Culture 225
8. Conclusion 247
References 271
Index 283
LIST OF PLATES
1.1. Nathan s store on King Street 37
1.2. Downtown Kingston in 1961, showing the original grid,
the Parade, the finger piers, the central business district,
and the densely built up area of tenements on the periphery
of the eighteenth century city 39
1.3. Eve of independence elite housing in the northern
suburbs of Kingston—Billy Dunn 40
1.4. Government tenement of 1950s vintage, built to rehouse
victims of hurricane damage 40
1.5. Privately let tenement in Jones Town, West Kingston 41
1.6. Rent yard, Trench Town, West Kingston 42
1.7. Mona Heights, a late 1950s middle income housing scheme 42
2.1. Victorian tenement in the densely populated centre of
Spanish Town 52
2.2. Government funded rehousing in central Spanish Town 52
2.3. A neat single storey house on one of the new housing
estates in Spanish Town 53
2.4. A shanty on the outskirts of Spanish Town 54
2.5. Downtown Kingston, showing the colonial grid surrounding
the Parade, the waterfront redevelopment on made
ground south of Harbour Street, and the low rise
buildings of the commercial centre 57
2.6. High rise development at New Kingston, the uptown
business centre developed after independence. 58
2.7. The new Coronation Market buildings in West Kingston,
viewed from above the junction of the Spanish Town Road,
West Queen Street and West Street. 59
2.8. Informal market in the city centre, edge of North Parade
and Orange Street 59
2.9. Looking northwards across the Spanish Town Road 61
2.10. Tivoli Gardens, just to the west of the Coronation Market 61
2.11. Oaklands Estate, a gated community of apartments
and townhouses 62
2.12. Elite housing at Beverly Hills 62
xx List of Plates
2.13. Housing at Cherry Gardens, climbing from the edge
of the Liguanea Plain on to the mountain rim 63
2.14. New, box like, prefabricated house at Portmore 66
2.15. Mature middle income house at Portmore 67
2.16. Expanded and gentrified house at Portmore 67
2.17. Up market town houses, Norbrook 76
2.18. Elite house with satellite dish, Norbrook 76
2.19. Fortified elite house Norbrook 77
2.20. Rose Lane, inner West Kingston, just south of the
Kingston Public Hospital 77
2.21. The industrial section of the Spanish Town Road near
Six Miles, with a mixture of new housing and squatting at
Riverton City 93
2.22. Abandoned house near Half Way Tree, with squatters
in the grounds 93
6.1. Walk up apartments, Hannah Town 217
6.2. Recreation in an outside booth on the pavement in
Hannah Town 217
6.3. Burnt out minibuses in Hannah Town 218
7.1. Negro Aroused (1935): Sculptor: Edna Manley 231
7.2. Girl Surprised (1949): Sculptor: David Miller, Jr. 233
7.3. Ghetto Mother (1981): Sculptor: Edna Manley 234
8.1. Queen Victoria s statue (unveiled 1887), relocated to
the east side of the Parade (Saint William Grant Park)
in the late 1980s 266
8.2. Vale Royal, an early eighteenth century merchant s house 267
8.3. The National Heroes Park (formerly Kingston Race
Course and from 1953 George VI Memorial Park), laid
out after independence in 1962 as a memorial to
Jamaica s National Heroes 268
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1. Kingston Metropolitan Region: Kingston, Portmore,
and Spanish Town 3
1.2. Christian Lilly s plan of Kingston, 1702 10
1.3. Distribution, density, and quality of buildings, 1894
(Charles E. Goad s insurance plan) 19
1.4. Kingston: population density, 1943 26
1.5. Place names in the Kingston Metropolitan Region 27
1.6. Kingston: population density, 1960 28
1.7. Kingston: socio economic status, 1943 30
1.8. Kingston: socio economic status, 1960 31
1.9. Kingston: land use, 1947 34
1.10. Kingston: land use, 1960 36
2.1. Kingston: land use, 1970 55
2.2. Kingston: land use, 1980 56
2.3. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: population
density per hectare 64
2.4. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: percentage
change in population density per hectare 70
2.5. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
males per 1,000 females 72
2.6. Kingston Metropolitan Region 1991: socio economic status 75
2.7. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: unemployment 80
2.8. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: seeking first job 82
2.9. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: concrete
used in the construction of housing 85
2.10. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: shack or
other make shift materials and improvised housing 86
2.11. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: owned
dwelling occupied by household 87
2.12. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: rented
dwelling occupied by household 88
2.13. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Portmore: households renting
government property, 1982 90
xxii List of Figures
2.14. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
squatted land occupied by household 92
2.15. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
public water supply piped into dwelling 96
2.16. Kingston Metropolitan Region: shared toilet
facilities in dwelling 99
3.1. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
denominational Protestant 120
3.2. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: Roman Catholic 122
3.3. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
non denominational Christian (Afro Christian
cults and sects) 124
3.4. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: Rastafarian 126
3.5. Kingston Metropolitan Region: no religion 127
3.6. Kingston Metropolitan Region:
females over 14 never married 130
3.7. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
females over 14 married 131
3.8. Kingston Metropolitan Region, 1991:
females over 14 currently living with common law partner 132
3.9. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
secondary education attained 134
3.10. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
primary education attained 136
3.11. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
no education attained 138
3.12. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
university education attained 140
3.13. Kingston Metropolitan Area, 1960: socio cultural groupings 142
3.14. Kingston Metropolitan Region, 1991: socio cultural groupings 143
4.1. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: white population 158
4.2. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: black population 160
4.3. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
mixed race population 162
4.4. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
other racial group population 166
4.5. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: Chinese population 168
List of Figures xxiii
4.6. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
East Indian population 170
5.1. Kingston: socio economic status, 1960 189
5.2. Kingston: unemployment, 1960 190
5.3. Kingston: population density, 1960 191
5.4. Kingston: rental, 1960 192
5.5. Kingston: water supply into dwelling, 1960 193
5.6. Kingston: African population, 1960 195
5.7. Kingston Metropolitan Region: socio economic status, 1991 196
5.8. Kingston Metropolitan Region: unemployment—worked
6 9 months, 1991 197
5.9. Kingston Metropolitan Region: population density, 1991 197
5.10. Kingston Metropolitan Region: rental, 1991 198
5.11. Kingston Metropolitan Region: public water supply
piped into dwelling, 1991 198
5.12. Kingston Metropolitan Region: shared toilets in dwelling, 1991 199
5.13. Kingston Metropolitan Region: black population, 1991 200
6.1. Kingston, zones of violence 210
6.2. Kingston Corporate Area (Kingston and St Andrew
parishes) constituencies 212
LIST OF TABLES
2.1. Unemployment in the Kingston Metropolitan Region
in 1991, and the enumeration district variables with
which the unemployed record the five highest and lowest
Spearman rank correlation coefficients 83
2.2. House tenure categories in the Kingston Metropolitan
Region in 1991, and the enumeration district variables
with which they record the five highest and lowest
Spearman rank correlation coefficients 94
2.3. Types of water supply in the Kingston Metropolitan
Region in 1991, and the enumeration district variables
with which they record the five highest and lowest
Spearman rank correlation coefficients 97
2.4. Toilet facilities in the Kingston Metropolitan Region
in 1991, and the five enumeration district variables
with which they record the highest and lowest
Spearman rank correlation coefficients 100
3.1. Colour and race categories in Kingston, 1943 1991 107
3.2. Colour and race by occupation in Kingston, 1960 110
3.3. Colour and race by occupation in the Kingston
Metropolitan Region, 1991 112
3.4. Religious affiliation in Kingston in 1960 and 1991 115
3.5. Race by religion in Kingston (KMR) in 1991 116
3.6. Selected cultural characteristics in Kingston and the variables
with they record the highest positive and negative Spearman
rank correlation coefficients in 1960 and 1991 145
3.7. Selected occupations in Kingston and the
enumeration district variables with which they record
the highest positive and negative Spearman rank
correlations in 1960 and 1991 148
3.8. Colour groups in Kingston and the enumeration district
variables with which they record the highest positive and
negative Spearman rank correlation coefficients
in 1960 and 1991 150
3.9. Nodes and linkages in the correlation matrix for enumeration
district data for Kingston in 1943, 1960, and 1991 151
List of Tables xxv
4.1. Indices of dissimilarity for occupation by enumeration
district: Kingston, 1943 172
4.2. Indices of dissimilarity for occupation by enumeration
district: Kingston, 1960 173
4.3. Indices of dissimilarity for occupation by enumeration
district: Kingston Metropolitan Region, 1991 175
4.4. Indices of dissimilarity for colour and race by
enumeration district: Kingston, 1943 177
4.5. Indices of dissimilarity for colour and race by
enumeration district: Kingston, 1960 178
4.6. Indices of dissimilarity for colour and race by
enumeration district: Kingston Metropolitan Region, 1991 180
4.7. Colour and race categories by enumeration district for
P* in Kingston 1943 1991 182
5.1. Population density in Kingston Metropolitan Area and
the Kingston Metropolitan Region and the enumeration
district variables with which they record the highest
positive and negative correlation coefficients in 1960
and 1991, respectively 187
5.2. Socio economic characteristics of the slum and ghetto
areas in Kingston in 1960 and 1991, respectively 194
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
List of Plates xix
List of Figures xxi
List of Tables xxiv
1. Kingston: A Creole Colonial City (1692 1962) 1
2. Urbanization in Kingston since Independence 45
3. Plural Stratification: Colour Class and Culture 103
4. Colour Class and Race Segregation: The Spatial Dimension 155
5. From Slum to Ghetto: Social Deprivation 185
6. Politics, Violence, and Drugs 205
7. Decolonization and the Politics of National Culture 225
8. Conclusion 247
References 271
Index 283
LIST OF PLATES
1.1. Nathan's store on King Street 37
1.2. Downtown Kingston in 1961, showing the original grid,
the Parade, the finger piers, the central business district,
and the densely built up area of tenements on the periphery
of the eighteenth century city 39
1.3. Eve of independence elite housing in the northern
suburbs of Kingston—Billy Dunn 40
1.4. Government tenement of 1950s vintage, built to rehouse
victims of hurricane damage 40
1.5. Privately let tenement in Jones Town, West Kingston 41
1.6. Rent yard, Trench Town, West Kingston 42
1.7. Mona Heights, a late 1950s middle income housing scheme 42
2.1. Victorian tenement in the densely populated centre of
Spanish Town 52
2.2. Government funded rehousing in central Spanish Town 52
2.3. A neat single storey house on one of the new housing
estates in Spanish Town 53
2.4. A shanty on the outskirts of Spanish Town 54
2.5. Downtown Kingston, showing the colonial grid surrounding
the Parade, the waterfront redevelopment on made
ground south of Harbour Street, and the low rise
buildings of the commercial centre 57
2.6. High rise development at New Kingston, the uptown
business centre developed after independence. 58
2.7. The new Coronation Market buildings in West Kingston,
viewed from above the junction of the Spanish Town Road,
West Queen Street and West Street. 59
2.8. Informal market in the city centre, edge of North Parade
and Orange Street 59
2.9. Looking northwards across the Spanish Town Road 61
2.10. Tivoli Gardens, just to the west of the Coronation Market 61
2.11. Oaklands Estate, a gated community of apartments
and townhouses 62
2.12. Elite housing at Beverly Hills 62
xx List of Plates
2.13. Housing at Cherry Gardens, climbing from the edge
of the Liguanea Plain on to the mountain rim 63
2.14. New, box like, prefabricated house at Portmore 66
2.15. Mature middle income house at Portmore 67
2.16. Expanded and gentrified house at Portmore 67
2.17. Up market town houses, Norbrook 76
2.18. Elite house with satellite dish, Norbrook 76
2.19. Fortified elite house Norbrook 77
2.20. Rose Lane, inner West Kingston, just south of the
Kingston Public Hospital 77
2.21. The industrial section of the Spanish Town Road near
Six Miles, with a mixture of new housing and squatting at
Riverton City 93
2.22. Abandoned house near Half Way Tree, with squatters
in the grounds 93
6.1. Walk up apartments, Hannah Town 217
6.2. Recreation in an outside booth on the pavement in
Hannah Town 217
6.3. Burnt out minibuses in Hannah Town 218
7.1. Negro Aroused (1935): Sculptor: Edna Manley 231
7.2. Girl Surprised (1949): Sculptor: David Miller, Jr. 233
7.3. Ghetto Mother (1981): Sculptor: Edna Manley 234
8.1. Queen Victoria's statue (unveiled 1887), relocated to
the east side of the Parade (Saint William Grant Park)
in the late 1980s 266
8.2. Vale Royal, an early eighteenth century merchant's house 267
8.3. The National Heroes Park (formerly Kingston Race
Course and from 1953 George VI Memorial Park), laid
out after independence in 1962 as a memorial to
Jamaica's National Heroes 268
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1. Kingston Metropolitan Region: Kingston, Portmore,
and Spanish Town 3
1.2. Christian Lilly's plan of Kingston, 1702 10
1.3. Distribution, density, and quality of buildings, 1894
(Charles E. Goad's insurance plan) 19
1.4. Kingston: population density, 1943 26
1.5. Place names in the Kingston Metropolitan Region 27
1.6. Kingston: population density, 1960 28
1.7. Kingston: socio economic status, 1943 30
1.8. Kingston: socio economic status, 1960 31
1.9. Kingston: land use, 1947 34
1.10. Kingston: land use, 1960 36
2.1. Kingston: land use, 1970 55
2.2. Kingston: land use, 1980 56
2.3. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: population
density per hectare 64
2.4. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: percentage
change in population density per hectare 70
2.5. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
males per 1,000 females 72
2.6. Kingston Metropolitan Region 1991: socio economic status 75
2.7. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: unemployment 80
2.8. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: seeking first job 82
2.9. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: concrete
used in the construction of housing 85
2.10. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: shack or
other make shift materials and improvised housing 86
2.11. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: owned
dwelling occupied by household 87
2.12. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: rented
dwelling occupied by household 88
2.13. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Portmore: households renting
government property, 1982 90
xxii List of Figures
2.14. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
squatted land occupied by household 92
2.15. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
public water supply piped into dwelling 96
2.16. Kingston Metropolitan Region: shared toilet
facilities in dwelling 99
3.1. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
denominational Protestant 120
3.2. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: Roman Catholic 122
3.3. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
non denominational Christian (Afro Christian
cults and sects) 124
3.4. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: Rastafarian 126
3.5. Kingston Metropolitan Region: no religion 127
3.6. Kingston Metropolitan Region:
females over 14 never married 130
3.7. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
females over 14 married 131
3.8. Kingston Metropolitan Region, 1991:
females over 14 currently living with common law partner 132
3.9. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
secondary education attained 134
3.10. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
primary education attained 136
3.11. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
no education attained 138
3.12. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
university education attained 140
3.13. Kingston Metropolitan Area, 1960: socio cultural groupings 142
3.14. Kingston Metropolitan Region, 1991: socio cultural groupings 143
4.1. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: white population 158
4.2. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: black population 160
4.3. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
mixed race population 162
4.4. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
other racial group population 166
4.5. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region: Chinese population 168
List of Figures xxiii
4.6. Kingston Metropolitan Area and Region:
East Indian population 170
5.1. Kingston: socio economic status, 1960 189
5.2. Kingston: unemployment, 1960 190
5.3. Kingston: population density, 1960 191
5.4. Kingston: rental, 1960 192
5.5. Kingston: water supply into dwelling, 1960 193
5.6. Kingston: African population, 1960 195
5.7. Kingston Metropolitan Region: socio economic status, 1991 196
5.8. Kingston Metropolitan Region: unemployment—worked
6 9 months, 1991 197
5.9. Kingston Metropolitan Region: population density, 1991 197
5.10. Kingston Metropolitan Region: rental, 1991 198
5.11. Kingston Metropolitan Region: public water supply
piped into dwelling, 1991 198
5.12. Kingston Metropolitan Region: shared toilets in dwelling, 1991 199
5.13. Kingston Metropolitan Region: black population, 1991 200
6.1. Kingston, zones of violence 210
6.2. Kingston Corporate Area (Kingston and St Andrew
parishes) constituencies 212
LIST OF TABLES
2.1. Unemployment in the Kingston Metropolitan Region
in 1991, and the enumeration district variables with
which the unemployed record the five highest and lowest
Spearman rank correlation coefficients 83
2.2. House tenure categories in the Kingston Metropolitan
Region in 1991, and the enumeration district variables
with which they record the five highest and lowest
Spearman rank correlation coefficients 94
2.3. Types of water supply in the Kingston Metropolitan
Region in 1991, and the enumeration district variables
with which they record the five highest and lowest
Spearman rank correlation coefficients 97
2.4. Toilet facilities in the Kingston Metropolitan Region
in 1991, and the five enumeration district variables
with which they record the highest and lowest
Spearman rank correlation coefficients 100
3.1. Colour and race categories in Kingston, 1943 1991 107
3.2. Colour and race by occupation in Kingston, 1960 110
3.3. Colour and race by occupation in the Kingston
Metropolitan Region, 1991 112
3.4. Religious affiliation in Kingston in 1960 and 1991 115
3.5. Race by religion in Kingston (KMR) in 1991 116
3.6. Selected cultural characteristics in Kingston and the variables
with they record the highest positive and negative Spearman
rank correlation coefficients in 1960 and 1991 145
3.7. Selected occupations in Kingston and the
enumeration district variables with which they record
the highest positive and negative Spearman rank
correlations in 1960 and 1991 148
3.8. Colour groups in Kingston and the enumeration district
variables with which they record the highest positive and
negative Spearman rank correlation coefficients
in 1960 and 1991 150
3.9. Nodes and linkages in the correlation matrix for enumeration
district data for Kingston in 1943, 1960, and 1991 151
List of Tables xxv
4.1. Indices of dissimilarity for occupation by enumeration
district: Kingston, 1943 172
4.2. Indices of dissimilarity for occupation by enumeration
district: Kingston, 1960 173
4.3. Indices of dissimilarity for occupation by enumeration
district: Kingston Metropolitan Region, 1991 175
4.4. Indices of dissimilarity for colour and race by
enumeration district: Kingston, 1943 177
4.5. Indices of dissimilarity for colour and race by
enumeration district: Kingston, 1960 178
4.6. Indices of dissimilarity for colour and race by
enumeration district: Kingston Metropolitan Region, 1991 180
4.7. Colour and race categories by enumeration district for
P* in Kingston 1943 1991 182
5.1. Population density in Kingston Metropolitan Area and
the Kingston Metropolitan Region and the enumeration
district variables with which they record the highest
positive and negative correlation coefficients in 1960
and 1991, respectively 187
5.2. Socio economic characteristics of the slum and ghetto
areas in Kingston in 1960 and 1991, respectively 194 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| author | Clarke, Colin |
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| building | Verbundindex |
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| discipline | Soziologie Geographie |
| discipline_str_mv | Soziologie Geographie |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Kingston (Jamaica) Race relations Kingston Jamaika (DE-588)4198339-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kingston (Jamaica) Race relations Kingston Jamaika |
| id | DE-604.BV021584398 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:42:34Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:39:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0199269815 9780199269815 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2006009449 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014799996 |
| oclc_num | 65978478 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-11 |
| physical | XXV, 298 S. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Oxford geographical and environmental studies |
| spelling | Clarke, Colin Verfasser aut Decolonizing the colonial city urbanization and stratification in Kingston, Jamaica Colin Clarke 1. publ. Oxford [u.a.] Oxford University Press 2006 XXV, 298 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford geographical and environmental studies Verstädterung Urbanization Jamaica Kingston Social stratification Jamaica Kingston Kingston (Jamaica) Race relations Soziale Schichtung (DE-588)4077574-4 gnd rswk-swf Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 gnd rswk-swf Ethnische Beziehungen (DE-588)4176973-9 gnd rswk-swf Kingston Jamaika (DE-588)4198339-7 gnd rswk-swf Kingston Jamaika (DE-588)4198339-7 g Ethnische Beziehungen (DE-588)4176973-9 s DE-604 Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 s Soziale Schichtung (DE-588)4077574-4 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014799996&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Clarke, Colin Decolonizing the colonial city urbanization and stratification in Kingston, Jamaica Verstädterung Urbanization Jamaica Kingston Social stratification Jamaica Kingston Kingston (Jamaica) Race relations Soziale Schichtung (DE-588)4077574-4 gnd Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 gnd Ethnische Beziehungen (DE-588)4176973-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4077574-4 (DE-588)4063234-9 (DE-588)4176973-9 (DE-588)4198339-7 |
| title | Decolonizing the colonial city urbanization and stratification in Kingston, Jamaica |
| title_auth | Decolonizing the colonial city urbanization and stratification in Kingston, Jamaica |
| title_exact_search | Decolonizing the colonial city urbanization and stratification in Kingston, Jamaica |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Decolonizing the colonial city urbanization and stratification in Kingston, Jamaica |
| title_full | Decolonizing the colonial city urbanization and stratification in Kingston, Jamaica Colin Clarke |
| title_fullStr | Decolonizing the colonial city urbanization and stratification in Kingston, Jamaica Colin Clarke |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decolonizing the colonial city urbanization and stratification in Kingston, Jamaica Colin Clarke |
| title_short | Decolonizing the colonial city |
| title_sort | decolonizing the colonial city urbanization and stratification in kingston jamaica |
| title_sub | urbanization and stratification in Kingston, Jamaica |
| topic | Verstädterung Urbanization Jamaica Kingston Social stratification Jamaica Kingston Kingston (Jamaica) Race relations Soziale Schichtung (DE-588)4077574-4 gnd Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 gnd Ethnische Beziehungen (DE-588)4176973-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Verstädterung Urbanization Jamaica Kingston Social stratification Jamaica Kingston Kingston (Jamaica) Race relations Soziale Schichtung Ethnische Beziehungen Kingston Jamaika |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014799996&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT clarkecolin decolonizingthecolonialcityurbanizationandstratificationinkingstonjamaica |