O melanholiji, karierizmu, nasilju in žrtvah: tržaška afera Gallenberg 1740
Ital. und engl. Zsfassung. - Engl. Zsfassung u.d.T.: On melancholy, careerism, violence and victims, the Trieste Gallenberg affair of 1740.
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Slovenian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Koper
Univ. na Primorskem [u.a.]
2004
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Knjižnica Annales
37 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Ital. und engl. Zsfassung. - Engl. Zsfassung u.d.T.: On melancholy, careerism, violence and victims, the Trieste Gallenberg affair of 1740. |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. und ital. Sprache u.d.T.: On melancholy, careerism, violence and victims, the Triste Gallenberg affair of 1740 |
| Beschreibung: | 303 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9616033476 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cb4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV021578216 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20070124 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 060511s2004 a||| |||| 00||| slv d | ||
| 020 | |a 9616033476 |9 961-6033-47-6 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)255743596 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV021578216 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a slv | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-Re13 | ||
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Kos, Dušan |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a O melanholiji, karierizmu, nasilju in žrtvah |b tržaška afera Gallenberg 1740 |c Dušan Kos |
| 264 | 1 | |a Koper |b Univ. na Primorskem [u.a.] |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a 303 S. |b Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Knjižnica Annales |v 37 | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. und ital. Sprache u.d.T.: On melancholy, careerism, violence and victims, the Triste Gallenberg affair of 1740 | ||
| 520 | 8 | |a Ital. und engl. Zsfassung. - Engl. Zsfassung u.d.T.: On melancholy, careerism, violence and victims, the Trieste Gallenberg affair of 1740. | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Sozialgeschichte 1740 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Elite |0 (DE-588)4014457-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Psychische Störung |0 (DE-588)4047686-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Ehescheidung |0 (DE-588)4013656-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Küstenland |g Österreich |0 (DE-588)4398117-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Österreich |0 (DE-588)4043271-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Österreich |0 (DE-588)4043271-3 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Elite |0 (DE-588)4014457-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Psychische Störung |0 (DE-588)4047686-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Ehescheidung |0 (DE-588)4013656-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Küstenland |g Österreich |0 (DE-588)4398117-3 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 5 | |a Sozialgeschichte 1740 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Knjižnica Annales |v 37 |w (DE-604)BV009993895 |9 37 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014793924&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014793924&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014793924 | ||
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 306.09 |e 22/bsb |f 09033 |g 4973 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135348362543104 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | VSEBINA
w
IZHODISCA
OSEM LET SKOMIN
Razhod
Manipuliranje
KAKO POSTATI
Očetovina
Čas otroštva
Stričevo očetovanje
Prve ljubezni. Za nekatere tuđi zadnje
Vizija uspeha
Zaton hiše
Dea ex Vienna
Bolehen
Karierneigre
Ostati doma
Bitka
Zaledje
TRZASKO
Trst
Kaj početi
La commedia Triestina
(Pre)zìveti
Melanholikove
KAKO
NATO
О
Variacije v
Ljubosumni
Gallenberški sindrom melanholične gravitacije
Javnost
Avtopsija nekega
Najprej zet
Gutte
Osip iluzij
VOJNA ZAKONCEV
Strategija, taktika
Bitka. Interpretacija
Zaveznikí in
Nedolžne žrtve vojne
POKOP MRTVIH
Posmrtna likvidacija žene
Očetovo maščevanje
Dolgo
ZAKLJUČEK
VIRI IN
Neobjavljeni viri
Objavljeni viri
Literatura
ABSTRACT
RIASSUNTO
IMENSKI
KNJIŽNICA
ON MELANCHOLY, CAREERISM, VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS,
THE TRIESTE
ABSTRACT
Dušan
Science and Research Centre of the Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts,
Milko
SI-1000 Ljubljana,
E-mail; dusan.kos@zrs-sazu.si
By focusing on the break-up of the marriage between Wolf
of
Administration of the Austrian Littoral, and his wife Josephine Maria, born
Countess of Sinzendorf, which lasted from
political and family scene of the upper social stratum governing the area between
the northern Adriatic, its natural hinterland (the province of Carniola) and
political centre (Vienna). At first sight, the two appeared an ordinary married
couple, yet their marriage eventually turned out to be a victim of the husband s
melancholy and machinations. Josephine was a granddaughter of the Austrian
Court Chancellor
politician dealing with foreign affairs and a founder of the Oriental Trading
Company. From
governor of the province of Carniola with residence in Ljubljana. In
Chancellor managed to persuade Emperor Charles VI to grant his grand¬
daughter s husband the highest position of the Trieste political elite. Yet
Sigmund
He deferred his departure to Trieste until as late as
than two months later, on
his wife behind. Despite family and public disapproval, he notified the Emperor
and Goverment of his resignation, ascribing it to unfavourable winds and
weather conditions of Trieste detrimental to his health, causing irremediable
melancholy . By departing from Trieste, he not only broke the code of honour
and service to the Emperor, but also delivered a fatal blow to his marriage. After
staying alone in Trieste for several months, the dishonoured wife took her
family s advice and moved back to Vienna. In
helped her to initiate a legal dispute over alimony and personal property. A year
279
О
later, Josephine brought the case to the Ljubljana diocesan court, demanding
separation from bed and board owing to her husband s alleged violent be¬
haviour resulting from melancholy . Since her lawyer could not prove that
Sigmund
band on the condition that he assure her personal safety. Unfortunately, Jose¬
phine died on May,
going, and the court s decision would never be realized. Her husband remarried
in
Gallenberg s divorce process was a reflection of the complex high-society
situation related to the political careers and personal characteristics of the family
members of both spouses. The analysis of similar cases has indicated that in that
period the people and the legal system perceived a connection between violence,
mental (psychological) condition, and the aristocratic code of honour. Research
into the background of the affair and the marriage of the two main protagonists
has been possible due to Sigmund s remarkable care for his archive up to his
death in
of the marriage, as well as Sigmund s machinations with his family, authorities
and his wife, whom he had married out of convenience. The disappointed Jose¬
phine forgot an important rule when she assumed a negative attitude towards her
husband: by returning to her family at Vienna rather than responding to
Sigmund s request to come back to him, she expressed her distrust in the
inseparability of marriage. As a result,
wife s departure from Trieste, which she had ascribed to his resignation, as-an act
of rebellion against the husband s authority, as well as a lack of compassion for
the patient. By resorting to half-truth and pretence, after
be perceived as a victim of melancholy with an unsympathetic wife. Nonet¬
heless, it must be admitted that he was indeed afflicted with occasional symp¬
toms of depression and hysteria, which, immature as he was, he escalated during
the crucial period of his career. Several events and inconsistencies on one hand
and his normal behaviour in work-related matters on the other revealed him to be
a person of above average intelligence, yet lacking in personal maturity. A proof
of this is his recourse to the supposedly unfavourable Trieste climate as an
excuse in his job-related affair.
Parenthetically, the discussion also deals with the question of whether, and if
so how, the life of an individual in a non-ruling position who has broken social
rules affects the political elite and forms sub-patterns in ruling mechanisms of a
classic monarchy. In other words, the article investigates the power of influence
of a loud average person in public. Logically, individual deviance without
charisma does not present a threat to the general order unless widely supported.
280
ABSTRACT
Thus the research focuses on the sphere
can be expected: family. As a result, the story of Gallenberg s marriage focuses
largely on the analysis of violence and its language, on the formation, process,
and eventual break-up of a marriage; it is also interested in constraints and in the
husband s manipulation with the family, other relatives, and authorities. Parti¬
cular attention is also paid not only to the problem of obeying, simplifying, and
intentionally breaking rules, but also to sanctions applied to disobedience and
illegitimacy, and the ambiguity or incapacity of compromises to reconcile desires
and reality.
Together with similar cases, the
presence of less serious insanity and other forms deviating from normality ,
of crime and victims in
public perception of victims of less serious insanity, or, to put it differently, to
the question of the transformation of victims of hidden domestic violence
excusable due to melancholy , which was in the majority of cases harmless. The
survey of court minutes of processes that took place in the
in the hinterland of the northern Adriatic has shown that few victims of marital
quarrels claimed melancholy and insanity to be the main reasons for divorce.
Mental health problems were always shown as a menace to the life of the sane
partner. In that respect, Sigmund s wife was no exception: as early as in
she privately accused her husband of attacking her, yet he claimed that her
statement was purely imaginative. Interestingly, there were a number of other
cases of real insanity, and they were never brought to court. The late Baroque
legal schemes did not consider melancholy as a crime, in particular among
higher social strata, and that is why, from the legal point of view, Sigmund s self-
diagnosis presented only a conditional threat to the stability of his marriage. In
contrast to his wife,
nobility in private conversation mostly as a relatively insignificant state of
depression, was not a dangerous and violent state of insanity, since a melan¬
cholic person by definition never falls into a state of rage or violence directed at
people around him. If violent at all, he is violent towards himself.
When mental health problems were at stake, the IS1 1 century society was
interested above all in scandals and threats to the code of honour, and not in
detrimental effects to health. The public held a different opinion towards the
latter and towards marital violence from that of the Church. General opinion had
it that the Church should not have dealt with such cases at all, as it had no
knowledge whatsoever of marriage. In the majority of cases, marriage was
subject to informal matchmaking taking place between people of similar social
backgrounds. The latter tended to deny the existence of violence, and might even
281
О
side with the culprit Thus Josephine
physical victim, was one of those who lost her victim status in the view of the
public. Her husband failing to meet the requirements for being an obedient
official and a person of honour, she could at least hope that the act of leaving
him would be met with sympathy. Yet the
context; i.e., melancholy was perceived as a transitional health problem with
several faces, some actually invented, and even when it appeared in a fairly
severe form, it was considered less seriously as a matter of health than as a
breach of the code of honour related to the service to the monarch.
282
KNJIŽNICA
MELANCONIA,
GALLENBERG
RIASSUNTO
Dušan
Centro di ricerche scientifiche dell Accademia Slovena delle Scienze e delle Arti,
Istituto di Storia
SI-1000 Ljubiana, Novi
E-mail: dusan.kos@zrs-sazu.si
Attraverso lo sfaldamento del matrimonio di
lenberg (per breve tempo governatore e presidente delllntendanza Commerciale
del
1734
ceto sociale nell area compresa tra l Alto Adriatico, il suo entroterra naturale (la
Carniola) ed il centro politico (Vienna). E la storia di una coppia a prima vista
ordinaria, che conclude una vita in comune vittima della melanconia e degli
intrighi del marito. Giuseppa era la nipote del Cancelliere di Corte austriaco
Filippo Ludovico Conte di Sinzendorf, uomo di punta della politica estera
asburgica ed uno dei fondatori della Compagnia Orientale. Alla corte di Vienna,
Sigismondo
governatore della Carniola. Nel
VI il genero alla carica di massimo rappresentante politico a Trieste. Ma Sigis¬
mondo non voleva servire a Trieste, voleva restare a
tenza per Trieste fino al
città, rientrava a
dell opinione pubblica, offriva le proprie dimissioni all imperatore. Tra le ragioni
indicava la nocività per la sua salute dei fastidiosi venti e del clima di Trieste e
l incurabile melanconia da cui era affetto. La sua partenza da Trieste procurò
non soltanto, com era da attendersi, un offesa all onore e al servizio dell impe¬
ratore, ma anche un danno in seno al melanconico matrimonio. Dopo alcuni mesi
passati da sola in città, spinta dai familiari, la moglie umiliata si trasferì da alcuni
parenti a Vienna. Nel
causa per ottenere gli alimenti e la tutela del patrimonio personale, mentre l anno
successivo, in seguito a presunte violenze del marito quali conseguenza della
283
O MELANHOLIJI,
melanconia,
di tavola e letto . L avvocato non riuscì a dimostrate le minacce di Sigismondo e
nemmeno che la vita della donna fosse in pericolo, perciò la Corte stabilì che
doveva tornare dal marito, se questi le garantiva prima la sicurezza personale.
Poiché Giuseppa moriva nel maggio del
a Vienna, la cosa naturalmente non si fece. Sigismondo si risposò nel
facendo una
Il divorzio dei Gallenberg era lo specchio delle complesse relazioni politico-
carrieristiche e caratteriali dell alta società e delle famiglie dei due coniugi.
Come tanti altri casi presi in esame, mostra com era concepito all epoca dall opi¬
nione pubblica e dalla legge il legame tra violenza, stati mentali (psicologici) e
onore nobiliare. L ampia corrispondenza intercorsa tra
grazie alla straordinaria cura archivistica di Sigismondo fino alla morte avvenuta
nel
due protagonisti. Si vedono gli inizi, lo sgretolamento e la fine del matrimonio,
le manipolazioni di cui furono oggetto la famiglia, le autorità e la moglie, che
Sigismondo aveva sposato soltanto per fare carriera. Nell avverso rapporto con il
presunto malato psichico, la delusa Giuseppa aveva trascurato una regola
importante. La fuga a Vienna e l aver ignorato gli appelli di Sigismondo di
tornare da lui, stavano a dimostrare che lei non aveva fiducia nell indissolubilità
del matrimonio. Sigismondo riuscì a ribaltare la giustificazione della moglie per
la fuga da Trieste
ribellione contro l autorità maritale e in una mancanza di comprensione per un
malato. Dopo il
l opinione pubblica un immagine di sé vittima di un incomprensibile melanconia.
E anche vero, però, che mostrava sintomi di depressione e isteria sporadiche, che
in un momento critico per la sua carriera potenziò scioccamente. Molti fatti e le
incoerenze del suo comportamento, nonché la sua normalità sul lavoro, indica¬
vano in lui una persona dall intelligenza sopra la media, ma immatura. Ciò
conferma
nella questione del suo ufficio.
Il discorso tocca anche il se ed il come la vita fuori dalle norme sociali di una
persona non di rango governativo scuotesse l elite politica e creasse sottomodelli
nei meccanismi di potere di una
portata dell influenza che poteva avere una persona
pubblico. Poiché, come previsto, la devianza individuale priva di carisma non
poteva minacciare l ordine costituito senza un sostegno generale, la ricerca si
sposta ben presto sul terreno in cui ci si attendono le conseguenze maggiori: la
famiglia. Il racconto del matrimonio dei Gallenberg passa perciò ad analizzare la
284
RIASSUNTO
violenza ed il suo linguaggio, gl inizi, il funzionamento e la dissoluzione del
matrimonio, d interessano le costrizioni e le manipolazioni dei marito con la
famiglia, la casata e l autorità; la considerazione, la semplificazione, la voluta
ignoranza delle regole e delle relative sanzioni, nonché la legittimità; e per finire
l ambiguità e la mancanza di disponibilità al compromesso tra ambizione e realtà.
Il caso
della leggera pazzia e di altre forme di crimine e vittima fuori dai
normale , insorgenti nella società premoderna. Si pone il problema del grado di
comprensione dell opinione pubblica per la persona vittima della (leggera)
pazzia, quello della metamorfosi che subiva agli occhi del pubblico una vittima
della violenza in seno alla famiglia, violenza giustificata il più delle volte con
un innocua melanconia. L esame degli atti giudiziari nell entroterra dell Alto
Adriatico del Sei e Settecento dimostra che le vittime delle cause di divorzio
indicavano raramente la melanconia e la pazzia come ragione principale della
separazione. Il disturbo mentale era preso in considerazione soltanto per
potenziare quanto fosse minacciata la vita del partner sano. Anche
già nel
aveva qualificato le sue parole come frutto di fantasia. Nel mondo reale, casi di
vera pazzia non mancavano, ma la maggior parte non finiva in tribunale. Nello
schema giuridico della società tardo barocca, la melanconia non era considerata
un crimine, specie tra
giuridicamente minacciava solo con riserva la solidità del suo matrimonio. Al
contrario della moglie, Sigismondo sapeva che la melanconia
spesso in privato dalla nobiltà soprattutto come uno stato di leggera depressione
-
non scade mai nella violenza contro l ambiente che lo circonda, ma piuttosto
contro se stesso.
I
soprattutto come uno scandalo ed una minaccia all onore, meno come conse¬
guenza di una malattia. In merito e sulla violenza familiare, l opinione pubblica
la pensava diversamente dalla Chiesa. Per l opinione pubblica, problemi di
questa natura non dovevano essere risolti dagli uffici ecclesiastici, visto che
come affermò alcuni anni più tardi un testimone in un caso analogo
niente del matrimonio. Il matrimonio era nella maggior parte dei casi oggetto di
mediazioni informali tra ambienti dallo status analogo, che di fronte alla violenza
-
parti del colpevole. Anche Giuseppa
logico se non da quello fisico, perse tra l opinione pubblica lo status di vittima.
Ma poiché il marito non aveva esaudito al ruolo di buon funzionario e di uomo
285
O MELANHOLIJl,
d onore, credeva di poter almeno sperare nella comprensione per la sua fuga
lontano dal consorte. Tutto ciò fa vedere il caso
melanconia era soltanto un malessere passeggero dalle molte facce, addirittura
inventato, e nella variante peggiore era certamente meno dannosa per la salute
della conseguente inosservanza del codice d onore al servizio del monarca.
286
|
| adam_txt |
VSEBINA
w
IZHODISCA
OSEM LET SKOMIN
Razhod
Manipuliranje
KAKO POSTATI
Očetovina
Čas otroštva
Stričevo očetovanje
Prve ljubezni. Za nekatere tuđi zadnje
Vizija uspeha
Zaton hiše
Dea ex Vienna
Bolehen
Karierneigre
Ostati doma
Bitka
Zaledje
TRZASKO
Trst
Kaj početi
La commedia Triestina
(Pre)zìveti
Melanholikove
KAKO
NATO
О
Variacije v
Ljubosumni
Gallenberški sindrom melanholične gravitacije
Javnost
Avtopsija nekega
Najprej zet
Gutte
Osip iluzij
VOJNA ZAKONCEV
Strategija, taktika
Bitka. Interpretacija
Zaveznikí in
Nedolžne žrtve vojne
POKOP MRTVIH
Posmrtna likvidacija žene
Očetovo "maščevanje"
Dolgo
ZAKLJUČEK
VIRI IN
Neobjavljeni viri
Objavljeni viri
Literatura
ABSTRACT
RIASSUNTO
IMENSKI
KNJIŽNICA
ON MELANCHOLY, CAREERISM, VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS,
THE TRIESTE
ABSTRACT
Dušan
Science and Research Centre of the Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts,
Milko
SI-1000 Ljubljana,
E-mail; dusan.kos@zrs-sazu.si
By focusing on the break-up of the marriage between Wolf
of
Administration of the Austrian Littoral, and his wife Josephine Maria, born
Countess of Sinzendorf, which lasted from
political and family scene of the upper social stratum governing the area between
the northern Adriatic, its natural hinterland (the province of Carniola) and
political centre (Vienna). At first sight, the two appeared an ordinary married
couple, yet their marriage eventually turned out to be a victim of the husband's
"melancholy" and machinations. Josephine was a granddaughter of the Austrian
Court Chancellor
politician dealing with foreign affairs and a founder of the Oriental Trading
Company. From
governor of the province of Carniola with residence in Ljubljana. In
Chancellor managed to persuade Emperor Charles VI to grant his grand¬
daughter's husband the highest position of the Trieste political elite. Yet
Sigmund
He deferred his departure to Trieste until as late as
than two months later, on
his wife behind. Despite family and public disapproval, he notified the Emperor
and Goverment of his resignation, ascribing it to unfavourable winds and
weather conditions of Trieste detrimental to his health, causing irremediable
"melancholy". By departing from Trieste, he not only broke the code of honour
and service to the Emperor, but also delivered a fatal blow to his marriage. After
staying alone in Trieste for several months, the dishonoured wife took her
family's advice and moved back to Vienna. In
helped her to initiate a legal dispute over alimony and personal property. A year
279
О
later, Josephine brought the case to the Ljubljana diocesan court, demanding
"separation from bed and board" owing to her husband's alleged violent be¬
haviour resulting from "melancholy". Since her lawyer could not prove that
Sigmund
band on the condition that he assure her personal safety. Unfortunately, Jose¬
phine died on May,
going, and the court's decision would never be realized. Her husband remarried
in
Gallenberg's divorce process was a reflection of the complex high-society
situation related to the political careers and personal characteristics of the family
members of both spouses. The analysis of similar cases has indicated that in that
period the people and the legal system perceived a connection between violence,
mental (psychological) condition, and the aristocratic code of honour. Research
into the background of the affair and the marriage of the two main protagonists
has been possible due to Sigmund's remarkable care for his archive up to his
death in
of the marriage, as well as Sigmund's machinations with his family, authorities
and his wife, whom he had married out of convenience. The disappointed Jose¬
phine forgot an important rule when she assumed a negative attitude towards her
husband: by returning to her family at Vienna rather than responding to
Sigmund's request to come back to him, she expressed her distrust in the
inseparability of marriage. As a result,
wife's departure from Trieste, which she had ascribed to his resignation, as-an act
of rebellion against the husband's authority, as well as a lack of compassion for
the patient. By resorting to half-truth and pretence, after
be perceived as a victim of "melancholy" with an unsympathetic wife. Nonet¬
heless, it must be admitted that he was indeed afflicted with occasional symp¬
toms of depression and hysteria, which, immature as he was, he escalated during
the crucial period of his career. Several events and inconsistencies on one hand
and his normal behaviour in work-related matters on the other revealed him to be
a person of above average intelligence, yet lacking in personal maturity. A proof
of this is his recourse to the supposedly unfavourable Trieste climate as an
excuse in his job-related affair.
Parenthetically, the discussion also deals with the question of whether, and if
so how, the life of an individual in a non-ruling position who has broken social
rules affects the political elite and forms sub-patterns in ruling mechanisms of a
classic monarchy. In other words, the article investigates the power of influence
of a loud "average" person in public. Logically, individual deviance without
charisma does not present a threat to the general order unless widely supported.
280
ABSTRACT
Thus the research focuses on the sphere
can be expected: family. As a result, the story of Gallenberg's marriage focuses
largely on the analysis of violence and its language, on the formation, process,
and eventual break-up of a marriage; it is also interested in constraints and in the
husband's manipulation with the family, other relatives, and authorities. Parti¬
cular attention is also paid not only to the problem of obeying, simplifying, and
intentionally breaking rules, but also to sanctions applied to disobedience and
illegitimacy, and the ambiguity or incapacity of compromises to reconcile desires
and reality.
Together with similar cases, the
presence of "less serious" insanity and other forms deviating from "normality",
of "crime" and "victims" in
public perception of victims of less serious insanity, or, to put it differently, to
the question of the transformation of victims of hidden domestic violence
excusable due to "melancholy", which was in the majority of cases harmless. The
survey of court minutes of processes that took place in the
in the hinterland of the northern Adriatic has shown that few victims of marital
quarrels claimed "melancholy" and "insanity" to be the main reasons for divorce.
Mental health problems were always shown as a menace to the life of the sane
partner. In that respect, Sigmund's wife was no exception: as early as in
she privately accused her husband of attacking her, yet he claimed that her
statement was purely imaginative. Interestingly, there were a number of other
cases of real insanity, and they were never brought to court. The late Baroque
legal schemes did not consider "melancholy" as a crime, in particular among
higher social strata, and that is why, from the legal point of view, Sigmund's self-
diagnosis presented only a conditional threat to the stability of his marriage. In
contrast to his wife,
nobility in private conversation mostly as a relatively insignificant state of
depression, was not a dangerous and violent state of insanity, since a melan¬
cholic person by definition never falls into a state of rage or violence directed at
people around him. If violent at all, he is violent towards himself.
When mental health problems were at stake, the IS1'1 century society was
interested above all in scandals and threats to the code of honour, and not in
detrimental effects to health. The public held a different opinion towards the
latter and towards marital violence from that of the Church. General opinion had
it that the Church should not have dealt with such cases at all, as it had no
knowledge whatsoever of marriage. In the majority of cases, marriage was
subject to informal matchmaking taking place between people of similar social
backgrounds. The latter tended to deny the existence of violence, and might even
281
О
side with the culprit Thus Josephine
physical victim, was one of those who lost her victim status in the view of the
public. Her husband failing to meet the requirements for being an obedient
official and a person of honour, she could at least hope that the act of leaving
him would be met with sympathy. Yet the
context; i.e., "melancholy" was perceived as a transitional health problem with
several faces, some actually invented, and even when it appeared in a fairly
severe form, it was considered less seriously as a matter of health than as a
breach of the code of honour related to the service to the monarch.
282
KNJIŽNICA
MELANCONIA,
GALLENBERG
RIASSUNTO
Dušan
Centro di ricerche scientifiche dell'Accademia Slovena delle Scienze e delle Arti,
Istituto di Storia
SI-1000 Ljubiana, Novi
E-mail: dusan.kos@zrs-sazu.si
Attraverso lo sfaldamento del matrimonio di
lenberg (per breve tempo governatore e presidente delllntendanza Commerciale
del
1734
ceto sociale nell'area compresa tra l'Alto Adriatico, il suo entroterra naturale (la
Carniola) ed il centro politico (Vienna). E' la storia di una coppia a prima vista
ordinaria, che conclude una vita in comune vittima della melanconia e degli
intrighi del marito. Giuseppa era la nipote del Cancelliere di Corte austriaco
Filippo Ludovico Conte di Sinzendorf, uomo di punta della politica estera
asburgica ed uno dei fondatori della Compagnia Orientale. Alla corte di Vienna,
Sigismondo
governatore della Carniola. Nel
VI il genero alla carica di massimo rappresentante politico a Trieste. Ma Sigis¬
mondo non voleva servire a Trieste, voleva restare a
tenza per Trieste fino al
città, rientrava a
dell'opinione pubblica, offriva le proprie dimissioni all'imperatore. Tra le ragioni
indicava la nocività per la sua salute dei fastidiosi venti e del clima di Trieste e
l'incurabile "melanconia" da cui era affetto. La sua partenza da Trieste procurò
non soltanto, com'era da attendersi, un'offesa all'onore e al servizio dell'impe¬
ratore, ma anche un danno in seno al melanconico matrimonio. Dopo alcuni mesi
passati da sola in città, spinta dai familiari, la moglie umiliata si trasferì da alcuni
parenti a Vienna. Nel
causa per ottenere gli alimenti e la tutela del patrimonio personale, mentre l'anno
successivo, in seguito a presunte violenze del marito quali conseguenza della
283
O MELANHOLIJI,
melanconia,
di tavola e letto". L'avvocato non riuscì a dimostrate le minacce di Sigismondo e
nemmeno che la vita della donna fosse in pericolo, perciò la Corte stabilì che
doveva tornare dal marito, se questi le garantiva prima la sicurezza personale.
Poiché Giuseppa moriva nel maggio del
a Vienna, la cosa naturalmente non si fece. Sigismondo si risposò nel
facendo una
Il divorzio dei Gallenberg era lo specchio delle complesse relazioni politico-
carrieristiche e caratteriali dell'alta società e delle famiglie dei due coniugi.
Come tanti altri casi presi in esame, mostra com'era concepito all'epoca dall'opi¬
nione pubblica e dalla legge il legame tra violenza, stati mentali (psicologici) e
onore nobiliare. L'ampia corrispondenza intercorsa tra
grazie alla straordinaria cura archivistica di Sigismondo fino alla morte avvenuta
nel
due protagonisti. Si vedono gli inizi, lo sgretolamento e la fine del matrimonio,
le manipolazioni di cui furono oggetto la famiglia, le autorità e la moglie, che
Sigismondo aveva sposato soltanto per fare carriera. Nell'avverso rapporto con il
presunto malato psichico, la delusa Giuseppa aveva trascurato una regola
importante. La fuga a Vienna e l'aver ignorato gli appelli di Sigismondo di
tornare da lui, stavano a dimostrare che lei non aveva fiducia nell'indissolubilità
del matrimonio. Sigismondo riuscì a ribaltare la giustificazione della moglie per
la fuga da Trieste
ribellione contro l'autorità maritale e in una mancanza di comprensione per un
malato. Dopo il
l'opinione pubblica un'immagine di sé vittima di un'incomprensibile melanconia.
E' anche vero, però, che mostrava sintomi di depressione e isteria sporadiche, che
in un momento critico per la sua carriera potenziò scioccamente. Molti fatti e le
incoerenze del suo comportamento, nonché la sua normalità sul lavoro, indica¬
vano in lui una persona dall'intelligenza sopra la media, ma immatura. Ciò
conferma
nella questione del suo ufficio.
Il discorso tocca anche il se ed il come la vita fuori dalle norme sociali di una
persona non di rango governativo scuotesse l'elite politica e creasse sottomodelli
nei meccanismi di potere di una
portata dell'influenza che poteva avere una persona
pubblico. Poiché, come previsto, la devianza individuale priva di carisma non
poteva minacciare l'ordine costituito senza un sostegno generale, la ricerca si
sposta ben presto sul terreno in cui ci si attendono le conseguenze maggiori: la
famiglia. Il racconto del matrimonio dei Gallenberg passa perciò ad analizzare la
284
RIASSUNTO
violenza ed il suo linguaggio, gl'inizi, il funzionamento e la dissoluzione del
matrimonio, d'interessano le costrizioni e le manipolazioni dei marito con la
famiglia, la casata e l'autorità; la considerazione, la semplificazione, la voluta
ignoranza delle regole e delle relative sanzioni, nonché la legittimità; e per finire
l'ambiguità e la mancanza di disponibilità al compromesso tra ambizione e realtà.
Il caso
della "leggera" pazzia e di altre forme di "crimine" e "vittima" fuori dai
"normale", insorgenti nella società premoderna. Si pone il problema del grado di
comprensione dell'opinione pubblica per la persona vittima della (leggera)
pazzia, quello della metamorfosi che subiva agli occhi del pubblico una vittima
della violenza in seno alla famiglia, violenza giustificata il più delle volte con
un'innocua melanconia. L'esame degli atti giudiziari nell'entroterra dell'Alto
Adriatico del Sei e Settecento dimostra che le vittime delle cause di divorzio
indicavano raramente la melanconia e la pazzia come ragione principale della
separazione. Il disturbo mentale era preso in considerazione soltanto per
potenziare quanto fosse minacciata la vita del partner sano. Anche
già nel
aveva qualificato le sue parole come frutto di fantasia. Nel mondo reale, casi di
vera pazzia non mancavano, ma la maggior parte non finiva in tribunale. Nello
schema giuridico della società tardo barocca, la melanconia non era considerata
un crimine, specie tra
giuridicamente minacciava solo con riserva la solidità del suo matrimonio. Al
contrario della moglie, Sigismondo sapeva che la melanconia
spesso in privato dalla nobiltà soprattutto come uno stato di leggera depressione
-
non scade mai nella violenza contro l'ambiente che lo circonda, ma piuttosto
contro se stesso.
I
soprattutto come uno scandalo ed una minaccia all'onore, meno come conse¬
guenza di una malattia. In merito e sulla violenza familiare, l'opinione pubblica
la pensava diversamente dalla Chiesa. Per l'opinione pubblica, problemi di
questa natura non dovevano essere risolti dagli uffici ecclesiastici, visto che
come affermò alcuni anni più tardi un testimone in un caso analogo
niente del matrimonio. Il matrimonio era nella maggior parte dei casi oggetto di
mediazioni informali tra ambienti dallo status analogo, che di fronte alla violenza
-
parti del colpevole. Anche Giuseppa
logico se non da quello fisico, perse tra l'opinione pubblica lo status di vittima.
Ma poiché il marito non aveva esaudito al ruolo di buon funzionario e di uomo
285
O MELANHOLIJl,
d'onore, credeva di poter almeno sperare nella comprensione per la sua fuga
lontano dal consorte. Tutto ciò fa vedere il caso
melanconia era soltanto un malessere passeggero dalle molte facce, addirittura
inventato, e nella variante peggiore era certamente meno dannosa per la salute
della conseguente inosservanza del codice d'onore al servizio del monarca.
286 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Kos, Dušan |
| author_facet | Kos, Dušan |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kos, Dušan |
| author_variant | d k dk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021578216 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)255743596 (DE-599)BVBBV021578216 |
| era | Sozialgeschichte 1740 gnd |
| era_facet | Sozialgeschichte 1740 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>02448nam a2200517 cb4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV021578216</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20070124 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">060511s2004 a||| |||| 00||| slv d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9616033476</subfield><subfield code="9">961-6033-47-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)255743596</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV021578216</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">slv</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Re13</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kos, Dušan</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">O melanholiji, karierizmu, nasilju in žrtvah</subfield><subfield code="b">tržaška afera Gallenberg 1740</subfield><subfield code="c">Dušan Kos</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Koper</subfield><subfield code="b">Univ. na Primorskem [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="c">2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">303 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Knjižnica Annales</subfield><subfield code="v">37</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zsfassung in engl. und ital. Sprache u.d.T.: On melancholy, careerism, violence and victims, the Triste Gallenberg affair of 1740</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ital. und engl. Zsfassung. - Engl. Zsfassung u.d.T.: On melancholy, careerism, violence and victims, the Trieste Gallenberg affair of 1740.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Sozialgeschichte 1740</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Elite</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4014457-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Psychische Störung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4047686-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Ehescheidung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4013656-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Küstenland</subfield><subfield code="g">Österreich</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4398117-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Österreich</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4043271-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Österreich</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4043271-3</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Elite</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4014457-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Psychische Störung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4047686-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Ehescheidung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4013656-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Küstenland</subfield><subfield code="g">Österreich</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4398117-3</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="5"><subfield code="a">Sozialgeschichte 1740</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Knjižnica Annales</subfield><subfield code="v">37</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV009993895</subfield><subfield code="9">37</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014793924&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014793924&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014793924</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">306.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09033</subfield><subfield code="g">4973</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Küstenland Österreich (DE-588)4398117-3 gnd Österreich (DE-588)4043271-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Küstenland Österreich Österreich |
| id | DE-604.BV021578216 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:40:49Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:39:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9616033476 |
| language | Slovenian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014793924 |
| oclc_num | 255743596 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 303 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publishDateSearch | 2004 |
| publishDateSort | 2004 |
| publisher | Univ. na Primorskem [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Knjižnica Annales |
| series2 | Knjižnica Annales |
| spelling | Kos, Dušan Verfasser aut O melanholiji, karierizmu, nasilju in žrtvah tržaška afera Gallenberg 1740 Dušan Kos Koper Univ. na Primorskem [u.a.] 2004 303 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Knjižnica Annales 37 Zsfassung in engl. und ital. Sprache u.d.T.: On melancholy, careerism, violence and victims, the Triste Gallenberg affair of 1740 Ital. und engl. Zsfassung. - Engl. Zsfassung u.d.T.: On melancholy, careerism, violence and victims, the Trieste Gallenberg affair of 1740. Sozialgeschichte 1740 gnd rswk-swf Elite (DE-588)4014457-4 gnd rswk-swf Psychische Störung (DE-588)4047686-8 gnd rswk-swf Ehescheidung (DE-588)4013656-5 gnd rswk-swf Küstenland Österreich (DE-588)4398117-3 gnd rswk-swf Österreich (DE-588)4043271-3 gnd rswk-swf Österreich (DE-588)4043271-3 g Elite (DE-588)4014457-4 s Psychische Störung (DE-588)4047686-8 s Ehescheidung (DE-588)4013656-5 s Küstenland Österreich (DE-588)4398117-3 g Sozialgeschichte 1740 z DE-604 Knjižnica Annales 37 (DE-604)BV009993895 37 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014793924&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014793924&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kos, Dušan O melanholiji, karierizmu, nasilju in žrtvah tržaška afera Gallenberg 1740 Knjižnica Annales Elite (DE-588)4014457-4 gnd Psychische Störung (DE-588)4047686-8 gnd Ehescheidung (DE-588)4013656-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4014457-4 (DE-588)4047686-8 (DE-588)4013656-5 (DE-588)4398117-3 (DE-588)4043271-3 |
| title | O melanholiji, karierizmu, nasilju in žrtvah tržaška afera Gallenberg 1740 |
| title_auth | O melanholiji, karierizmu, nasilju in žrtvah tržaška afera Gallenberg 1740 |
| title_exact_search | O melanholiji, karierizmu, nasilju in žrtvah tržaška afera Gallenberg 1740 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | O melanholiji, karierizmu, nasilju in žrtvah tržaška afera Gallenberg 1740 |
| title_full | O melanholiji, karierizmu, nasilju in žrtvah tržaška afera Gallenberg 1740 Dušan Kos |
| title_fullStr | O melanholiji, karierizmu, nasilju in žrtvah tržaška afera Gallenberg 1740 Dušan Kos |
| title_full_unstemmed | O melanholiji, karierizmu, nasilju in žrtvah tržaška afera Gallenberg 1740 Dušan Kos |
| title_short | O melanholiji, karierizmu, nasilju in žrtvah |
| title_sort | o melanholiji karierizmu nasilju in zrtvah trzaska afera gallenberg 1740 |
| title_sub | tržaška afera Gallenberg 1740 |
| topic | Elite (DE-588)4014457-4 gnd Psychische Störung (DE-588)4047686-8 gnd Ehescheidung (DE-588)4013656-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Elite Psychische Störung Ehescheidung Küstenland Österreich Österreich |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014793924&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014793924&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV009993895 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kosdusan omelanholijikarierizmunasiljuinzrtvahtrzaskaaferagallenberg1740 |