Poverty, AIDS and hunger: breaking the poverty trap in Malawi
Gespeichert in:
Format: | Buch |
---|---|
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Basingstoke [u.a.]
Palgrave Macmillan
2006
|
Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XXII, 251 S. graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 9781403998330 1403998337 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Contents
List of Figures xi
List of Tables xii
Foreword by Stephen Lewis xiii
Preface by Bono xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Introduction 1
Anne Conroy and Malcolm Blackie
The issues 1
Prosperity not poverty 4
Some background to the book 7
Bringing dignity to the poor 9
Bibliography 12
Chapter 1 The History of Development and Crisis in
Malawi 14
Anne Conroy
Introduction 14
Geographical summary 14
Historical perspective 15
Malawi at independence and post independence economic
policy: 1964 to 1977 17
Crisis and structural adjustment policies in the 1980s 18
Political developments and the emergence of multi party
democracy in Malawi 20
Economic performance: 1994 to 2004 21
Key challenges in Malawi today 22
Poverty and powerlessness in Malawi 26
Conclusion 30
Bibliography 31
Chapter 2 Health and Disease in Malawi 33
Anne Conroy
Health and poverty 33
Health indicators in Malawi 34
v
vi Contents
Key causes of morbidity 35
Malaria 35
Tuberculosis 36
Maternal mortality 37
Malnutrition 39
Parasitic infections 42
Sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS 42
Key challenges to health care in Malawi 43
Human resources 43
Financing 44
Conclusion 45
Bibliography 47
Chapter 3 The AIDS Crisis 49
Anne Conroy and Alan Whiteside
Introduction 49
The HIV/AIDS pandemic 49
Modes of transmission of HIV 54
Drivers of the pandemic 54
Gender inequality 54
The vulnerability of young people 57
Special risks for adolescents 58
High risk sexual behaviour 60
Income inequality, low levels of wealth and political
transition 61
Mobility 62
The demographic consequences of HIV/AIDS 63
Increasing mortality rates 65
Infant and under five mortality 65
Life expectancy 66
Conclusion 66
Bibliography 68
Chapter 4 The Impact of the AIDS Pandemic on the
National Economy and Development 70
Alan Whiteside and Anne Conroy
The Malawi case study: the economy 70
Macro level impacts of AIDS 72
AIDS and the private sector 73
Impacts on the public sector and the development
process 74
Contents vii
The impact of AIDS on the vulnerable children and the
elderly 75
The impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture and livelihoods 77
The impact of HIV/AIDS on agricultural production systems
and rural livelihoods in the central region of Malawi 79
Conclusion 81
Bibliography 83
Chapter 5 The Collapse of Agriculture 87
Malcolm Blackie and Anne Conroy
Tradition and African smallholder cropping systems 87
No silver bullet 88
Land, agricultural productivity and land policy 92
Macro economic policy reform: a Malawi case study of
disaster 94
Market and crop pricing reform 96
Fertiliser subsidies 98
The collapse of agriculture reviewed 100
Bibliography 102
Chapter 6 Economic Isolation 104
Anne Conroy and Jeffrey Sachs
Poor Infrastructure equals low economic growth 104
Transport 106
Internal 106
External 107
Energy 109
Other key infrastructure 110
The regulatory and taxation environment 110
Responding to the need for change 112
Conclusion 114
Bibliography 117
Chapter 7 Malawi and the Poverty Trap A First Person
Account 118
Anne Conroy
Introduction 118
From food insecurity to famine: the 2002 food crisis 119
Widening access to improved agricultural technology 120
Managing grain reserves 121
Ignoring the warning signs 122
Raising the alarm 124
viii Contents
Lessons from the 2002 famine 125
Budget disruption 125
Disruption to on going programmes 126
Disruption to household coping mechanisms 128
Deterioration in macro economic management and
governance after 2002 130
Politics and fertiliser subsidies 131
Bibliography 136
Chapter 8 Breaking Out of the AIDS and Disease Crisis 138
Anne Conroy and Justin Malewezi
Introduction 138
Malawi s responses to the HIV/AIDS pandemic 139
Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) 140
Information, education, and communication (IEC) 140
Prevention strategies 141
Reducing the spread of the virus 141
Engaging influential groups in the fight against HIV/AIDS 142
Impact mitigation 144
Community of home based care 144
Care of orphans 144
The health sector 146
The Essential Health Care Package (EHP) 146
The Sector Wide Approach (SWAP) 147
Investment in human resources 148
Scaling up best practices from the community level 149
The health sector response to the AIDS pandemic 150
Blood safety and waste disposal 150
Mother to child transmission 151
Treatment strategies 152
Reflections of Malawi s attempts to break out of the AIDS
and health crisis 154
Bibliography 158
Chapter 9 Breaking Out of Food Insecurity 160
Malcolm Blackie, Anne Conroy and Jeffrey Sachs
Introduction 160
Making fertilisers profitable 160
Malawi, soil fertility, agricultural policy and famine 162
A comprehensive smallholder strategy 164
The Starter Pack 164
Complementary measures 167
A return to free inputs 168
Contents ix
The food crises of 2001 2002 and 2002 2003 169
The National Food Crisis Recovery Programme 170
Providing emergency food to the vulnerable 171
Lessons for the future 173
The humanitarian response 173
A Malawi Green Revolution 174
Interventions to provide access to inputs and markets 174
Concluding comments 178
Bibliography 183
Chapter 10 Breaking Out of Economic Isolation and the
Poverty Trap 185
Anne Conroy and Malcolm Blackie
Introduction 185
Education in Malawi 187
Primary education 187
Secondary education 188
Tertiary education 189
Investments in education 189
Civic education 190
Building environmental sustainability 192
Investments in economic infrastructure 193
Addressing constraints to private sector development 195
Government interventions in the fertiliser market: a case
study of unhelpful government/private sector relations 197
Transforming trading rules 198
Conclusion 200
Bibliography 201
Chapter 11 Changing Mindsets 203
Anne Conroy and Malcolm Blackie
Introduction 203
Human rights and human development 206
Issues that have to be addressed at the national level 208
Improving governance 208
Donor relationships 210
Exploiting national talents and skills 213
Information sharing, communication and collaboration 214
Changing mindsets 215
Core values 215
Actions not just words 217
Bibliography 220
x Contents
Chapter 12 Ending Extreme Poverty in Malawi 222
Anne Conroy and Jeffrey Sachs
Introduction 222
What is needed 223
A perspective on what can be done 226
Some thoughts on debts 228
Concluding comments 230
Bibliography 233
Afterword by Tom Arnold 234
Index 238
List of Figures
1.1 GDP growth rates, 1995 2003 22
3.1 Sentinel survey sites, Malawi 2003 51
3.2 HIV prevalence: observed and projected 52
3.3 Age and sex distribution of AIDS cases in Malawi 53
3.4 Population projections for Malawi with and without AIDS,
1985 2010 64
3.5 Impact of AIDS on adult mortality in Malawi, 1985 2003 64
3.6 Life expectancy with and without AIDS, 1985 2003 65
4.1 GDP (US ) in Malawi, 1993 2003 72
5.1 Interaction between weeding and fertiliser use in maize 90
7.1 Starter pack/TIP contribution to total maize production,
1998 2003 120
7.2 Local market prices for maize in the southern region 123
7.3 Yields of cassava and sweet potatoes, 1994 2002 124
xi
List of Tables
1.1 Millennium development goals: selected indicators 23
1.2 Key macro economic indicators: 1994 2003 26
1.3 Analysis of the 2003 2004 government budget 27
4.1 Malawi and African economies 71
4.2 Selected social and demographic indicators in Malawi and
other countries, 2003 71
4.3 Costs of HIV/AIDS on a tea estate in Malawi, 1995 1996 74
xii
|
adam_txt |
Contents
List of Figures xi
List of Tables xii
Foreword by Stephen Lewis xiii
Preface by Bono xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Introduction 1
Anne Conroy and Malcolm Blackie
The issues 1
Prosperity not poverty 4
Some background to the book 7
Bringing dignity to the poor 9
Bibliography 12
Chapter 1 The History of Development and Crisis in
Malawi 14
Anne Conroy
Introduction 14
Geographical summary 14
Historical perspective 15
Malawi at independence and post independence economic
policy: 1964 to 1977 17
Crisis and structural adjustment policies in the 1980s 18
Political developments and the emergence of multi party
democracy in Malawi 20
Economic performance: 1994 to 2004 21
Key challenges in Malawi today 22
Poverty and powerlessness in Malawi 26
Conclusion 30
Bibliography 31
Chapter 2 Health and Disease in Malawi 33
Anne Conroy
Health and poverty 33
Health indicators in Malawi 34
v
vi Contents
Key causes of morbidity 35
Malaria 35
Tuberculosis 36
Maternal mortality 37
Malnutrition 39
Parasitic infections 42
Sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS 42
Key challenges to health care in Malawi 43
Human resources 43
Financing 44
Conclusion 45
Bibliography 47
Chapter 3 The AIDS Crisis 49
Anne Conroy and Alan Whiteside
Introduction 49
The HIV/AIDS pandemic 49
Modes of transmission of HIV 54
Drivers of the pandemic 54
Gender inequality 54
The vulnerability of young people 57
Special risks for adolescents 58
High risk sexual behaviour 60
Income inequality, low levels of wealth and political
transition 61
Mobility 62
The demographic consequences of HIV/AIDS 63
Increasing mortality rates 65
Infant and under five mortality 65
Life expectancy 66
Conclusion 66
Bibliography 68
Chapter 4 The Impact of the AIDS Pandemic on the
National Economy and Development 70
Alan Whiteside and Anne Conroy
The Malawi case study: the economy 70
Macro level impacts of AIDS 72
AIDS and the private sector 73
Impacts on the public sector and the development
process 74
Contents vii
The impact of AIDS on the vulnerable children and the
elderly 75
The impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture and livelihoods 77
The impact of HIV/AIDS on agricultural production systems
and rural livelihoods in the central region of Malawi 79
Conclusion 81
Bibliography 83
Chapter 5 The Collapse of Agriculture 87
Malcolm Blackie and Anne Conroy
Tradition and African smallholder cropping systems 87
No 'silver bullet' 88
Land, agricultural productivity and land policy 92
Macro economic policy reform: a Malawi case study of
disaster 94
Market and crop pricing reform 96
Fertiliser subsidies 98
The collapse of agriculture reviewed 100
Bibliography 102
Chapter 6 Economic Isolation 104
Anne Conroy and Jeffrey Sachs
Poor Infrastructure equals low economic growth 104
Transport 106
Internal 106
External 107
Energy 109
Other key infrastructure 110
The regulatory and taxation environment 110
Responding to the need for change 112
Conclusion 114
Bibliography 117
Chapter 7 Malawi and the Poverty Trap A First Person
Account 118
Anne Conroy
Introduction 118
From food insecurity to famine: the 2002 food crisis 119
Widening access to improved agricultural technology 120
Managing grain reserves 121
Ignoring the warning signs 122
Raising the alarm 124
viii Contents
Lessons from the 2002 famine 125
Budget disruption 125
Disruption to on going programmes 126
Disruption to household coping mechanisms 128
Deterioration in macro economic management and
governance after 2002 130
Politics and fertiliser subsidies 131
Bibliography 136
Chapter 8 Breaking Out of the AIDS and Disease Crisis 138
Anne Conroy and Justin Malewezi
Introduction 138
Malawi's responses to the HIV/AIDS pandemic 139
Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) 140
Information, education, and communication (IEC) 140
Prevention strategies 141
Reducing the spread of the virus 141
Engaging influential groups in the fight against HIV/AIDS 142
Impact mitigation 144
Community of home based care 144
Care of orphans 144
The health sector 146
The Essential Health Care Package (EHP) 146
The Sector Wide Approach (SWAP) 147
Investment in human resources 148
Scaling up best practices from the community level 149
The health sector response to the AIDS pandemic 150
Blood safety and waste disposal 150
Mother to child transmission 151
Treatment strategies 152
Reflections of Malawi's attempts to break out of the AIDS
and health crisis 154
Bibliography 158
Chapter 9 Breaking Out of Food Insecurity 160
Malcolm Blackie, Anne Conroy and Jeffrey Sachs
Introduction 160
Making fertilisers profitable 160
Malawi, soil fertility, agricultural policy and famine 162
A comprehensive smallholder strategy 164
The Starter Pack 164
Complementary measures 167
A return to free inputs 168
Contents ix
The food crises of 2001 2002 and 2002 2003 169
The National Food Crisis Recovery Programme 170
Providing emergency food to the vulnerable 171
Lessons for the future 173
The humanitarian response 173
A Malawi Green Revolution 174
Interventions to provide access to inputs and markets 174
Concluding comments 178
Bibliography 183
Chapter 10 Breaking Out of Economic Isolation and the
Poverty Trap 185
Anne Conroy and Malcolm Blackie
Introduction 185
Education in Malawi 187
Primary education 187
Secondary education 188
Tertiary education 189
Investments in education 189
Civic education 190
Building environmental sustainability 192
Investments in economic infrastructure 193
Addressing constraints to private sector development 195
Government interventions in the fertiliser market: a case
study of unhelpful government/private sector relations 197
Transforming trading rules 198
Conclusion 200
Bibliography 201
Chapter 11 Changing Mindsets 203
Anne Conroy and Malcolm Blackie
Introduction 203
Human rights and human development 206
Issues that have to be addressed at the national level 208
Improving governance 208
Donor relationships 210
Exploiting national talents and skills 213
Information sharing, communication and collaboration 214
Changing mindsets 215
Core values 215
Actions not just words 217
Bibliography 220
x Contents
Chapter 12 Ending Extreme Poverty in Malawi 222
Anne Conroy and Jeffrey Sachs
Introduction 222
What is needed 223
A perspective on what can be done 226
Some thoughts on debts 228
Concluding comments 230
Bibliography 233
Afterword by Tom Arnold 234
Index 238
List of Figures
1.1 GDP growth rates, 1995 2003 22
3.1 Sentinel survey sites, Malawi 2003 51
3.2 HIV prevalence: observed and projected 52
3.3 Age and sex distribution of AIDS cases in Malawi 53
3.4 Population projections for Malawi with and without AIDS,
1985 2010 64
3.5 Impact of AIDS on adult mortality in Malawi, 1985 2003 64
3.6 Life expectancy with and without AIDS, 1985 2003 65
4.1 GDP (US\) in Malawi, 1993 2003 72
5.1 Interaction between weeding and fertiliser use in maize 90
7.1 Starter pack/TIP contribution to total maize production,
1998 2003 120
7.2 Local market prices for maize in the southern region 123
7.3 Yields of cassava and sweet potatoes, 1994 2002 124
xi
List of Tables
1.1 Millennium development goals: selected indicators 23
1.2 Key macro economic indicators: 1994 2003 26
1.3 Analysis of the 2003 2004 government budget 27
4.1 Malawi and African economies 71
4.2 Selected social and demographic indicators in Malawi and
other countries, 2003 71
4.3 Costs of HIV/AIDS on a tea estate in Malawi, 1995 1996 74
xii |
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illustrated | Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-02T14:40:37Z |
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spellingShingle | Poverty, AIDS and hunger breaking the poverty trap in Malawi Gesellschaft Wirtschaft AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects Malawi AIDS (Disease) Social aspects Malawi Poverty Malawi Aids (DE-588)4112470-4 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4112470-4 (DE-588)4002963-3 (DE-588)4074495-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
title | Poverty, AIDS and hunger breaking the poverty trap in Malawi |
title_auth | Poverty, AIDS and hunger breaking the poverty trap in Malawi |
title_exact_search | Poverty, AIDS and hunger breaking the poverty trap in Malawi |
title_exact_search_txtP | Poverty, AIDS and hunger breaking the poverty trap in Malawi |
title_full | Poverty, AIDS and hunger breaking the poverty trap in Malawi Anne C. Conroy... |
title_fullStr | Poverty, AIDS and hunger breaking the poverty trap in Malawi Anne C. Conroy... |
title_full_unstemmed | Poverty, AIDS and hunger breaking the poverty trap in Malawi Anne C. Conroy... |
title_short | Poverty, AIDS and hunger |
title_sort | poverty aids and hunger breaking the poverty trap in malawi |
title_sub | breaking the poverty trap in Malawi |
topic | Gesellschaft Wirtschaft AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects Malawi AIDS (Disease) Social aspects Malawi Poverty Malawi Aids (DE-588)4112470-4 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd |
topic_facet | Gesellschaft Wirtschaft AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects Malawi AIDS (Disease) Social aspects Malawi Poverty Malawi Aids Armut Malawi Economic conditions Malawi Social conditions Malawi Aufsatzsammlung |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014793374&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT conroyannec povertyaidsandhungerbreakingthepovertytrapinmalawi |