Effect sizes for research: a broad practical approach
Gespeichert in:
Hauptverfasser: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Mahwah, N.J. [u.a.]
Erlbaum
2005
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XV, 253 S. graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 0805850147 |
Internformat
MARC
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100 | 1 | |a Grissom, Robert J. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Effect sizes for research |b a broad practical approach |c Robert J. Grisson ; John J. Kim |
264 | 1 | |a Mahwah, N.J. [u.a.] |b Erlbaum |c 2005 | |
300 | |a XV, 253 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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650 | 4 | |a Analysis of variance | |
650 | 4 | |a Effect sizes (Statistics) | |
650 | 4 | |a Experimental design | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Varianzanalyse |0 (DE-588)4187413-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Experimentelle Versuchsforschung |0 (DE-588)4488711-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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700 | 1 | |a Kim, John J. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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adam_text | Contents
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
Review of Simple Cases of Null Hypothesis
Significance Testing 1
Statistically Signifying and Practical
Significance 3
Definition of Effect Size 4
Controversy About Null Hypothesis Significance
Testing 4
The Purpose of This Book and the Need for a Broad
Approach 6
Power Analysis 7
Meta Analysis 8
Assumptions of Test Statistics and Effect Sizes 9
Violation of Assumptions in Real Data 10
Exploring the Data for a Possible Effect
of a Treatment on Variability 14
Worked Examples of Measures of Variability 19
Questions 21
2 Confidence Intervals for Comparing the Averages 23
of Ttoo Groups
Introduction 23
Confidence Intervals for ia }J.b:
Independent Groups 24
Worked Example for Independent Groups 29
Further Discussions and Methods 31
Solutions to Violations of Assumptions:
Welch s Approximate Method 32
Worked Example of the Welch Method 34
vii
viii * **» CONTENTS
Yuen s Confidence Interval for the Difference
Between Two Trimmed Means 36
Other Methods for Independent Groups 40
Dependent Groups 43
Questions 46
3 The Standardized Difference Between Means 48
Unfamiliar and Incomparable Scales 48
Standardized Difference Between Means:
Assuming Normality and a Control Group 49
Equal or Unequal Variances 53
Tentative Recommendations 55
Additional Standardized Difference Effect Sizes
When There Are Outliers 57
Technical Note 3.1: A Nonparametric Estimator
of Standardized Difference Effect Sizes 58
Confidence Intervals for a Standardized Difference
Effect Size 59
Confidence Intervals Using Noncentral
Distributions 64
The Counternull Effect Size 65
Dependent Groups 67
Questions 68
4 Correlational Effect Sizes for Comparing 70
Two Groups
The Point Biserial Correlation 70
Example of rpb 71
Confidence Intervals and Null Counternull
Intervals for rpop 72
Assumptions of r and r b 73
Unequal Sample Sizes 76
Unreliability 76
Restricted Range 81
Small, Medium, and Large Effect Size Values 85
Binomial Effect Size Display 87
Limitations of the BESD 89
The Coefficient of Determination 91
Questions 95
5 Effect Size Measures That Go Beyond 98
Comparing Two Centers
The Probability of Superiority:
Independent Groups 98
CONTENTS rtwto. ix
Example of the PS 101
A Related Measure of Effect Size 103
Assumptions 103
The Common Language Effect Size Statistic 205
Technical Note 5.1: The PS and its Estimators 106
Introduction to Overlap 206
The Dominance Measure 207
Cohen s U3 208
Relationships Among Measures of Effect Size 209
Application to Cultural Effect Size 2 20
Technical Note 5.2: Estimating Effect Sizes
Throughout a Distribution 222
Hedges Friedman Method 222
Shift Function Method 222
Other Graphical Estimators of Effect Sizes 223
Dependent Groups 224
Questions 225
6 Effect Sizes for One Way ANOVA Designs 117
Introduction 22 7
ANOVA Results for This Chapter 227
A Standardized Difference Measure of Overall
Effect Size 228
A Standardized Overall Effect Size
Using All Means 229
Strength of Association 220
Eta Squared (r|2) 222
Epsilon Squared (e2) and Omega Squared (or) 222
Strength of Association for Specific Comparisons 2 23
Evaluation of Criticisms of Estimators of Strength
of Association 224
Standardized Difference Effect Sizes for Two
of k Means at a Time 227
Worked Examples 228
Statistical Significance, Confidence Intervals,
and Robustness 229
Within Groups Designs and Further Reading 134
Questions 237
7 Effect Sizes for Factorial Designs 139
Introduction 239
Strength of Association: Proportion of Variance
Explained 240
X o **t=° CONTENTS
Partial a 2 242
Comparing Values of 2 142
Ratios of Estimates of Effect Size 143
Designs and Results for This Chapter 244
Manipulated Factors Only 246
Manipulated Targeted Factor and Intrinsic
Peripheral Factor 248
Illustrative Worked Examples 250
Comparisons of Levels of a Manipulated Factor
at One Level of a Peripheral Factor 153
Targeted Classificatory Factor and Extrinsic
Peripheral Factor 255
Classificatory Factors Only 256
Statistical Inference and Further Reading 260
Within Groups Factorial Designs 262
Additional Designs and Measures 165
Limitations and Recommendations 266
Questions 167
8 Effect Sizes for Categorical Variables 170
Background Review 270
Chi Square Test and Phi 173
Null Counternull Interval for Phipop 276
The Difference Between Two Proportions 277
Approximate Confidence Interval for P1 P2 182
Relative Risk and the Number Needed to Treat 283
The Odds Ratio 288
Construction of Confidence Intervals for 0Rpap 191
Tables Larger Than 2x2 193
Odds Ratios for Large r x c Tables 295
Multiway Tables 296
Recommendations 296
Questions 298
9 Effect Sizes for Ordinal Categorical Variables 200
Introduction 200
The Point Biserial r Applied to Ordinal Categorical
Data 202
Confidence Interval and Null Counternull Interval
forrpop 203
Limitations of rph for Ordinal Categorical Data 203
The Probability of Superiority Applied to Ordinal
Data 205
CONTENTS tm* xi
Worked Example of Estimating the PS From Ordinal
Data 206
The Dominance Measure and Somers D 211
Worked Example of the ds 213
Generalized Odds Ratio 213
Cumulative Odds Ratio 214
The Phi Coefficient 216
A Caution 216
References for Further Discussion of Ordinal
Categorical Methods 217
Questions 227
References 219
Author Index 237
Subject Index 245
|
adam_txt |
Contents
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
Review of Simple Cases of Null Hypothesis
Significance Testing 1
Statistically Signifying and Practical
Significance 3
Definition of Effect Size 4
Controversy About Null Hypothesis Significance
Testing 4
The Purpose of This Book and the Need for a Broad
Approach 6
Power Analysis 7
Meta Analysis 8
Assumptions of Test Statistics and Effect Sizes 9
Violation of Assumptions in Real Data 10
Exploring the Data for a Possible Effect
of a Treatment on Variability 14
Worked Examples of Measures of Variability 19
Questions 21
2 Confidence Intervals for Comparing the Averages 23
of Ttoo Groups
Introduction 23
Confidence Intervals for \ia }J.b:
Independent Groups 24
Worked Example for Independent Groups 29
Further Discussions and Methods 31
Solutions to Violations of Assumptions:
Welch's Approximate Method 32
Worked Example of the Welch Method 34
vii
viii "* **» CONTENTS
Yuen's Confidence Interval for the Difference
Between Two Trimmed Means 36
Other Methods for Independent Groups 40
Dependent Groups 43
Questions 46
3 The Standardized Difference Between Means 48
Unfamiliar and Incomparable Scales 48
Standardized Difference Between Means:
Assuming Normality and a Control Group 49
Equal or Unequal Variances 53
Tentative Recommendations 55
Additional Standardized Difference Effect Sizes
When There Are Outliers 57
Technical Note 3.1: A Nonparametric Estimator
of Standardized Difference Effect Sizes 58
Confidence Intervals for a Standardized Difference
Effect Size 59
Confidence Intervals Using Noncentral
Distributions 64
The Counternull Effect Size 65
Dependent Groups 67
Questions 68
4 Correlational Effect Sizes for Comparing 70
Two Groups
The Point Biserial Correlation 70
Example of rpb 71
Confidence Intervals and Null Counternull
Intervals for rpop 72
Assumptions of r and r b 73
Unequal Sample Sizes 76
Unreliability 76
Restricted Range 81
Small, Medium, and Large Effect Size Values 85
Binomial Effect Size Display 87
Limitations of the BESD 89
The Coefficient of Determination 91
Questions 95
5 Effect Size Measures That Go Beyond 98
Comparing Two Centers
The Probability of Superiority:
Independent Groups 98
CONTENTS rtwto. ix
Example of the PS 101
A Related Measure of Effect Size 103
Assumptions 103
The Common Language Effect Size Statistic 205
Technical Note 5.1: The PS and its Estimators 106
Introduction to Overlap 206
The Dominance Measure 207
Cohen's U3 208
Relationships Among Measures of Effect Size 209
Application to Cultural Effect Size 2 20
Technical Note 5.2: Estimating Effect Sizes
Throughout a Distribution 222
Hedges Friedman Method 222
Shift Function Method 222
Other Graphical Estimators of Effect Sizes 223
Dependent Groups 224
Questions 225
6 Effect Sizes for One Way ANOVA Designs 117
Introduction 22 7
ANOVA Results for This Chapter 227
A Standardized Difference Measure of Overall
Effect Size 228
A Standardized Overall Effect Size
Using All Means 229
Strength of Association 220
Eta Squared (r|2) 222
Epsilon Squared (e2) and Omega Squared (or) 222
Strength of Association for Specific Comparisons 2 23
Evaluation of Criticisms of Estimators of Strength
of Association 224
Standardized Difference Effect Sizes for Two
of k Means at a Time 227
Worked Examples 228
Statistical Significance, Confidence Intervals,
and Robustness 229
Within Groups Designs and Further Reading 134
Questions 237
7 Effect Sizes for Factorial Designs 139
Introduction 239
Strength of Association: Proportion of Variance
Explained 240
X o **t=° CONTENTS
Partial a 2 242
Comparing Values of 2 142
Ratios of Estimates of Effect Size 143
Designs and Results for This Chapter 244
Manipulated Factors Only 246
Manipulated Targeted Factor and Intrinsic
Peripheral Factor 248
Illustrative Worked Examples 250
Comparisons of Levels of a Manipulated Factor
at One Level of a Peripheral Factor 153
Targeted Classificatory Factor and Extrinsic
Peripheral Factor 255
Classificatory Factors Only 256
Statistical Inference and Further Reading 260
Within Groups Factorial Designs 262
Additional Designs and Measures 165
Limitations and Recommendations 266
Questions 167
8 Effect Sizes for Categorical Variables 170
Background Review 270
Chi Square Test and Phi 173
Null Counternull Interval for Phipop 276
The Difference Between Two Proportions 277
Approximate Confidence Interval for P1 P2 182
Relative Risk and the Number Needed to Treat 283
The Odds Ratio 288
Construction of Confidence Intervals for 0Rpap 191
Tables Larger Than 2x2 193
Odds Ratios for Large r x c Tables 295
Multiway Tables 296
Recommendations 296
Questions 298
9 Effect Sizes for Ordinal Categorical Variables 200
Introduction 200
The Point Biserial r Applied to Ordinal Categorical
Data 202
Confidence Interval and Null Counternull Interval
forrpop 203
Limitations of rph for Ordinal Categorical Data 203
The Probability of Superiority Applied to Ordinal
Data 205
CONTENTS " tm* xi
Worked Example of Estimating the PS From Ordinal
Data 206
The Dominance Measure and Somers' D 211
Worked Example of the ds 213
Generalized Odds Ratio 213
Cumulative Odds Ratio 214
The Phi Coefficient 216
A Caution 216
References for Further Discussion of Ordinal
Categorical Methods 217
Questions 227
References 219
Author Index 237
Subject Index 245 |
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language | English |
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spelling | Grissom, Robert J. Verfasser aut Effect sizes for research a broad practical approach Robert J. Grisson ; John J. Kim Mahwah, N.J. [u.a.] Erlbaum 2005 XV, 253 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Analysis of variance Effect sizes (Statistics) Experimental design Varianzanalyse (DE-588)4187413-4 gnd rswk-swf Experimentelle Versuchsforschung (DE-588)4488711-5 gnd rswk-swf Varianzanalyse (DE-588)4187413-4 s Experimentelle Versuchsforschung (DE-588)4488711-5 s DE-604 Kim, John J. Verfasser aut http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy054/2004053284.html Table of contents HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014792180&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Grissom, Robert J. Kim, John J. Effect sizes for research a broad practical approach Analysis of variance Effect sizes (Statistics) Experimental design Varianzanalyse (DE-588)4187413-4 gnd Experimentelle Versuchsforschung (DE-588)4488711-5 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4187413-4 (DE-588)4488711-5 |
title | Effect sizes for research a broad practical approach |
title_auth | Effect sizes for research a broad practical approach |
title_exact_search | Effect sizes for research a broad practical approach |
title_exact_search_txtP | Effect sizes for research a broad practical approach |
title_full | Effect sizes for research a broad practical approach Robert J. Grisson ; John J. Kim |
title_fullStr | Effect sizes for research a broad practical approach Robert J. Grisson ; John J. Kim |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect sizes for research a broad practical approach Robert J. Grisson ; John J. Kim |
title_short | Effect sizes for research |
title_sort | effect sizes for research a broad practical approach |
title_sub | a broad practical approach |
topic | Analysis of variance Effect sizes (Statistics) Experimental design Varianzanalyse (DE-588)4187413-4 gnd Experimentelle Versuchsforschung (DE-588)4488711-5 gnd |
topic_facet | Analysis of variance Effect sizes (Statistics) Experimental design Varianzanalyse Experimentelle Versuchsforschung |
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