Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls: biochemistry, biophysics, functions and applications
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Dordrecht
Springer
2006
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Advances in photosynthesis and respiration
25 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIX, 8, 603 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1402045158 9781402045158 1402045166 9781402045165 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls |b biochemistry, biophysics, functions and applications |c ed. by Bernhard Grimm ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Dordrecht |b Springer |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a XXIX, 8, 603 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Advances in photosynthesis and respiration |v 25 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bacterial pigments | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biochemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biophysics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chlorophyll | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Photosynthetic bacteria | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Photosynthetic pigments | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Bakteriochlorophyll |0 (DE-588)4143926-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 655 | 4 | |a Aufsatzsammlung - Bakteriochlorophyll | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135343681699840 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Editorial
v
Contents xi
Preface
xxii
Author
Index
xxix
Color Plates
СРІ-СРв
Part
1:
Structures, Chemistry, Analysis
1
An Overview of Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls: Biochemistry,
Biophysics, Functions and Applications
1-26
Hugo
Scheer
Summary
1
I. Introduction
2
II. Structures
4
III. Why Chlorophylls?
12
IV. Functions
16
Acknowledgments
19
References
19
2
Synthesis, Reactivity and Structure of Chlorophylls
27-37
Mathias
О.
Senge, Arno Wiehe and Claudia Ryppa
Summary
27
I.
Basic
Structure and Reactivity of
Chlorophylls 28
II.
Conformational
Flexibility of Hydroporphyrins
28
III.
Chemical
Synthesis of
Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls 29
IV.
Chemical
Modifications
ЗО
Acknowledgments
35
References
35
3
Chlorophyll
с
Pigments: Current Status
39-53
Manuel
Zapata, José L Garrido
and Shirley W. Jeffrey
Summary
40
I. Introduction
40
II. Chemistry of Chlorophyll
с
Pigments
41
III. Biochemistry of Chlorophyll
с
Pigments
46
IV. Distribution
47
xi
V. Applications
and Future Directions
47
Note Added in Proof
50
Acknowledgments
50
References
50
4
Unusual Tetrapyrrole Pigments of Photosynthetic Antennae
and Reaction Centers: Specially-tailored Chlorophylls
55-66
Masami
Kobayashi, Machiko Akiyama, Hideo Kise and
Tadashi Watanabe
Summary
56
I. Introduction
56
II. Specially-tailored Chlorophylls in a Limited Number of Organisms
56
III. Specially-tailored Chlorophylls Associated with Reaction Centers
59
Acknowledgments
63
References
63
5
[Heavy metalJ-Chlorophylls Formed in Vivo During Heavy Metal Stress
and Degradation Products Formed During Digestion, Extraction
and Storage of Plant Material
67-77
Hendrik
Küpper,
Frithjof
С.
Küpper
and Martin
Spiller
Summary
67
I. Introduction
68
II. Substitution of the Central Mg2+ Ion Under Elevated Heavy Metal
Concentrations in vivo
68
III. Occurrence of Partially Degraded and Transmetalated Chlorophyll
Derivatives in Marine Invertebrates
72
IV. Chlorophyll Degradation Products Formed During Storage and Extraction
of Plant Material
73
Acknowledgments
75
References
75
6
Spectroscopy and Structure Determination
79-94
Masami
Kobayashi, Machiko Akiyama, Hiromi
Kano
and Hideo Kise
Summary
79
I. Introduction
80
II. Absorption Spectra
80
III. Fluorescence Spectra
85
IV. Circular Dichroism Spectra
87
V. Mass Spectra
88
VI. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra
90
Acknowledgments
93
References
93
7
Spectrometric Assays for Plant, Algal and Bacterial Chlorophylls
95-107
Robert J.
Porra
Summary
95
I. Introduction
96
хи
II. Modem Spectrophotometric
Assays of Chlorophylls
a
and b
96
III. Choice of Extractant and Determination of Accurate Extinction Coefficients
for Chlorophylls a and
b
in Such Solvents
96
IV. Reliable Simultaneous Equations for the Accurate Assay of Chlorophylls a
and
b
99
V. The Unacceptable Errors and Consequences of Using the Arnon Equations
100
VI. Other Spectrophotometric Assays for Chlorophylls a and
b
in Association
with Their Derivatives or Other Pigments
101
VII.
Spectrophotometric Assays for Chlorophylls in Chlorophyll c-containing
Algae
101
VIII.
Spectrophotometric Data for the Assay of Bacteriochlorophylls
101
IX. Spectrofluorimetric Assays for Chlorophylls a and
b
103
X. Concluding Remarks
105
Acknowledgments
105
References
105
8
Chlorophyll Analysis by New High Performance Liquid
Chromatography Methods
109-121
José L.
Garrido
and Manuel
Zapata
Summary
109
I. Introduction
110
II. New Bonded Phase Columns
110
III. Mass Spectrometry as High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Detection Technique Applied to Chlorophylls
112
IV. Applications
113
V. Future Directions in the High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Analysis of Chlorophylls
115
Acknowledgments
119
References
119
9
Large Scale Chlorophyll Preparations Using Simple Open-Column
Chromatographic Methods
123-131
Yuzo Shioi
Summary
124
I. Introduction
124
II. Extraction of the Pigments
124
III. Precipitation of Chlorophylls
126
IV. Column Chromatographic Methods
127
Acknowledgments
130
References
131
Metabolism
10
Chlorophyll Metabolism, an Overview
133-146
Wolfhart Rüdiger
and
Bernhard
Grimm
Summary
133
I. Introduction
134
II. The Diversity of Tetrapyrrole Metabolic Pathways
134
xiii
III. Subcellular Location of Enzymes
140
IV. Regulation of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis
140
V. Incorporation into Proteins
142
VI. Chlorophyll Degradation
143
VII.
Concluding Remarks
143
References
143
11
Biosynthesis of S-Aminolevulinic Acid
147-158
Samuel I.
Beale
Summary
147
I. Alternate Pathways for 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Biosynthesis
147
II. S-Aminolevulinic Acid Biosynthesis from
Glycine
and Succinyl-Coenzyme A
148
III. S-Aminolevulinic Acid Biosynthesis from Five-Carbon Precursors
149
IV. Phylogenetic Distribution and Evolutionary Implications of the Two
S-Aminolevulinic Acid Biosynthetic Pathways in Photosynthetic Species
154
Acknowledgments
154
References
154
12
Transfer RNA-Dependent Aminolevulinic Acid Formation: Structure
and Function Of Glutamyl-tRNA Synthetase, Reductase and
Glutamate-I-Semialdehyde-^I-Aminomutase
159-171
Dieter
Jahn, Jürgen Moser, Wolf-Dieter Schubert and Dirk W. Heinz
Summary
159
I. Two Pathways for S-Aminolevulinic Acid Biosynthesis
160
II. Glutamyl-tRNA
Synthetase Forms Glutamyl-tRNA for Protein and
Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis
160
III. Glutamyl-tRNA
160
IV. Glutamyl-tRNA Synthetase
160
V. Glutamyl-tRNA Reductase
163
VI. Glutamate-I-Semialdehyde^.i-Aminomutase
166
VII.
Metabolic Channeling of Glutamate-1 -Semialdehyde
167
VIII.
Concluding Remarks
167
Acknowledgments
168
References
168
13
The Pathway from S-Aminolevulinic Acid to Protochlorophyllide
and Protoheme
173-188
Elena Yaronskaya and
Bernhard
Grimm
Summary
173
I. Introduction
174
II. Enzymes of Porphyrin Synthesis
174
III. The Chlorophyll-synthesizing Branch
178
IV. The Protoheme-synthesizing Branch
182
V. Concluding Remarks
183
References
183
xiv
14
Biosynthesis of Chlorophylls a and b: The Last Steps
189-200
Wolfhart Rüdiger
Summary
189
I. Introduction
190
II. Protochlorophyllide Reduction
190
III. Metabolism of Chlorophyll
b
and
Chlorophyllide
b
193
IV. Esterification
195
Supplement
197
Note Added in Proof
197
Acknowledgments
197
References
197
15
Bacteriochlorophyll Biosynthesis in Green Bacteria
201-221
Niels-Ulrik Frigaard, Aline Gomez
Maqueo
Chew, Julia A. Maresca
and Donald A. Bryant
Summary
201
I. Introduction
202
II. Approach to Elucidating Bacteriochlorophyll Biosynthesis in Green Bacteria
203
III. Overview of Proposed Pathways
206
IV. Early Steps in
Porphyrin
Biosynthesis
209
V. Bacteriochlorophyll a Biosynthesis
209
VI. Chlorophyll a Biosynthesis
210
VII.
Bacteriochlorophyll
с
Biosynthesis
211
VIII.
Bacteriochlorophyll
d
Biosynthesis
215
IX. Bacteriochlorophyll
e
Biosynthesis
215
X. Bacteriochlorophyll
с
Biosynthesis in Green Filamentous Bacteria
216
XI. Future Directions
217
Note added in Proof
217
Acknowledgments
217
References
217
16
Involvement of Tetrapyrroles in Cellular Regulation
223-235
Christoph F. Beck
and
Bernhard
Grimm
Summary
223
I. Introduction
224
II. Intra-organellar Regulation by Tetrapyrroles
225
III. Role for Tetrapyrroles in Inter-organellar Signaling
226
IV. Transport of Tetrapyrroles
230
V. Concluding Remarks
230
References
232
17
Chlorophyll Catabolites and the Biochemistry of Chlorophyll
Breakdown
237-260
Bernhard Kräutler
and Stefan
Hörtensteiner
Summary
237
I. Introduction
238
XV
II.
Chlorophyll
Breakdown
and Chlorophyll Catabolites in Higher Plants
239
III. Chlorophyll Breakdown and Chlorophyll Catabolites in Green Algae
254
IV. Chlorophyll Catabolites from Marine Organisms
255
V. Conclusions and Outlook
256
Note Added in Proof
256
Acknowledgments
257
References
257
18
The Evolution of Chlorophylls and Photosynthesis
261-282
Anthony W. D. Larkum
Summary
261
I. Introduction
262
II. The Early Earth and the Origins of Photosynthesis
262
III Evolution of the Pathway to the Earliest Photosynthetic Pigments
263
IV. Evolution of Extant Photosynthetic Pigments and Early Photosynthetic
Organisms
267
V. Reaction Centers
272
VI. Evolution of Oxygenic Photosynthesis
275
VII.
Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll Proteins
277
VIII.
Outlook
278
References
278
The Native Environment
19
The Influence of Protein Interactions on the Properties of the
Bacteriochlorophyll Dimer in Reaction Centers
283-295
James P. Allen and JoAnn C. Williams
Summary
283
I. Introduction
284
II. Protein Interactions that Influence the Properties of the Dimer
285
III. Modeling the Effect of Protein Interactions on the Electronic Structure
of the Dimer
288
IV. The Effect of Protein Interactions on Electron Transfer
290
V. Conclusions
292
Acknowledgments
292
References
293
20
Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of the
Chlorosomes
297-307
Ido
de
Boer and Huub
J. M. de
Groot
Summary
297
I. Introduction
297
II. Aggregated
Hydrated
Chlorophyll (Chi a/H2O) as a Model for Magic Angle
Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology Development
298
III. Self-organization of Bacteriochlorophyll is the Main Structural Feature
of the Chlorosomal Antennae
300
IV. A 3-Dimensional Model for the Structure of the Chlorosomal Antennae
303
xvi
V.
Conclusions
and Future Prospects
304
Note Added in Proof
305
References
305
21
Single Molecule Spectroscopy of Pigment Protein Complexes from
Purple Bacteria
309-321
Jürgen Köhler
and Thijs J. Aartsma
Summary
309
I. Introduction
310
II. Spectroscopy of Individual Light-harvesting Complexes
312
Acknowledgments
319
References
319
22
Effects of Axial Coordination, Electronic Excitation and Oxidation
on Bond Orders in the Bacteriochlorin
Macrocycle,
and Generation
of Radical Cation on Photo-Excitation of in vitro and in vivo
Bacteriochlorophyll a Aggregates: Resonance Raman Studies
323-335
Yasushi Koyama, Yoshinori Kakitani, Leenawaty Limantara
and Ritsuko
Fujii
Summary
324
I. The
5-
and e-Coordinated States of Bacteriochlorophyll a in the So, T,
and Do Electronic States as Probed by the Ring-Breathing Frequency
324
II. Changes in Bond Orders as Scaled by Stretching Force Constants in
the Conjugated Systems of Bacteriochlorophyll a, Bacteriopheophytin a
and Carotenoid: Implication of the Arrangement of Those Pigments in the
Reaction Center
329
III. Generation of the T, State and Subsequent Transformation into the Do
State upon Photo-Excitation of in vitro and in vivo Bacteriochlorophyll a
Aggregates
331
Acknowledgments
334
References
335
23
Mapping the Global Ring Currents in Porphyrins and Chlorins
337-347
Erich
Steiner
and Patrick W. Fowler
Summary
337
I. Introduction
337
II. Electronic Structure and Spectra
338
III. Ring Currents
339
IV. Orbital Model of Ring Currents
341
V. The Four-Orbital Model of the Ring Current in Porphyrins
341
VI. Pathways
342
VII.
Porphin and Magnesium Porphin
342
VIII.
Chlorins
346
Appendix
346
Note Added in Proof
346
References
346
xvu
24
Bacteriochlorophyll Protein
Maquettes
349-363
Dror Noy,
Christopher
С.
Moser
and P. Leslie Dutton
Summary
349
I. Protein
Maquette
Tools for Exploring Natural Design of Chlorophyll- and Bacterio-
chlorophyll-Proteins
350
II. Essentials of
De Novo
Designing Protein
Maquettes
352
III. Adapting Natural LHs to
Maquettes
353
IV. Concluding Remarks
360
Acknowledgments
360
References
360
25
Molecular Assembly of Bacteriochlorophyll Complexes Using
Synthetic Light-Harvesting Model Polypeptides
365-373
Marnom
Nango
Summary
365
I. Introduction
365
II. Molecular Assembly of Bacteriochlorophylls with Isolated Light-Harvesting
Subunits from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Synthetic Models
367
III. Molecular Assembly of Bacteriochlorophyll a Complex and Its Analogues
by Synthetic 4a-Helix Polypeptides
369
IV. Concluding Remarks
371
Acknowledgments
372
References
372
26
Reconstitution
and Pigment Exchange
375-385
Harald Paulsen
Summary
375
I. Introduction
376
II. Reconstitution
376
III. Pigment Exchange
379
IV. Concluding Remarks
381
Note Added in Proof
381
References
382
27
Assembly of Model Bacteriochlorophyll Proteins in the Native
Lipid
Environment
387-396
Adela
Garcia-Martin,
Lee Gyan
Kwa, Mathias von Jan,
С
Neil Hunter and Paula Braun
Summary
387
I. Introduction
388
II.
Bacteriochlorophyll Proteins
with
Model Transmembrane
Helices
388
III. Assembly Motifs of (Bacteriojchlorophyll
Proteins 391
Acknowledgments
394
References
394
xvui
Functions
28
Photosynthetic Functions of Chlorophylls
397-412
Alexander
N.
Melkozernov and Robert E. Blankenship
Summary
. 397
I. Introduction
398
II. Structure of Chlorophylls and Their Relevance to Photosynthetic Functions
398
III. Chlorophyll-Sensitized Electron Transfer
399
IV. Light-harvesting and Energy Transfer
402
V. Structural Function
408
V. Photoprotective Function of Chlorophylls
408
Acknowledgments
410
References
410
29
Excitation Energy Transfer Between (BacterioJChlorophylls
—
the Role
of Excitonic Coupling
413-430
Dieter Leupold,
Heiko Lokstein
and Hugo
Scheer
Summary
413
I. Introduction
414
II. Excitation Energy Transfer in Purple Bacteria
415
III. Excitation Energy Transfer in Light-Harvesting Complex ll-type Complexes
of Higher Plants
420
IV. Excitation Energy Transfer in Chlorosomes
423
V. Excitation Energy Transfer in the
Fenna-Matthews-Olsen (FMO)
Complex
424
Note Added in Proof
425
Acknowledgments
426
References
426
30
Mechanisms of Carotenoid-to-Bacteriochlorophyll Energy Transfer
in the Light Harvesting Antenna Complexes
1
and
2:
Dependence on
the Conjugation Length of Carotenoids
431-443
Yasushi Koyama and Yoshinori Kakitani
Summary
431
I. Introduction
432
II. Intrinsic Properties of Carotenoids Excited-States
432
III. Carotenoid-to-Bacteriochlorophyll Energy Transfer in Light Harvesting
Complex
2 434
IV. Carotenoid-to-Bacteriochlorophyll Energy Transfer in Light Harvesting
Complex
1 438
V. Comparison between the Light Harvesting Complexes
1
and
2 439
Acknowledgments
442
References
443
31
Electron Transfer in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers
445-459
Josef Wachtveitl and Wolfgang Zinth
Summary
445
I. Introduction
446
XIX
II. Dynamics
and Energetics of the
First Electron
Transfer Reactions in
Bacterial Reaction Centers
446
III. Optimization of Photosynthesis
454
IV. Concluding Remarks
455
References
455
Applications
32
Chlorophyll Sensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy
461-483
Alexander
S. Brandis, Yoram
Salomon and Avigdor
Scherz
Summary
462
I. Introduction
462
II. Photosensitizers Derived from Chlorophyll a
465
III. Clinical Trials
476
Acknowledgments
476
References
476
33
Bacteriochlorophyll Sensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy
485-494
Alexander
S. Brandis,
Yoram Salomon and Avigdor
Scherz
Summary
486
I. Introduction
486
II. Photosensitizers Derived from Bacteriochlorophyll a
487
III. Clinical trials
491
IV. Conclusions and Perspectives
491
Acknowledgements
491
References
492
34
Metal-substituted Bacteriochlorophylls: Novel Molecular Tools
495-506
Roie Yerushalmi, Idan Ashur and Avigdor
Scherz
Summary
495
I. Introduction
496
II. From Porphyrins to Bacteriochlorophylls: An Experimental Benchmark for
Theoretical Approaches.
496
III. Function-Oriented Chemical Modification of Bacteriochlorophylls
497
IV. Applications
499
V. Concluding Remarks
503
Acknowledgments
503
References
503
35
Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Reporter on in vivo Electron
Transport and Regulation in Plants
507-519
Ladislav Nedbal
and
Michal Koblížek
Summary 507
I. Introduction
508
II. Time Scales
5O8
III. Analysis of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Transients
511
xx
IV. Beyond the Conventional Analysis
515
V. Prospects of the Technique and Instrumentation
516
Acknowledgments
516
References
516
36
Meeting the Challenge of Monitoring Chlorophyll in the Ocean
from Outer Space
521-534
André Morei
Summary
521
I. Introduction
522
II. Absorbing Substances in the Marine Environment
523
III. Bio-optical Relationships in Oceanic Waters and Chlorophyll Algorithms
525
IV. Reflectance of Oceanic Waters
528
V. Phytoplankton Distribution and Primary Production
528
VI. Sun-stimulated Fluorescence
531
VII.
Concluding Remarks: The Atmospheric Correction
531
Acknowledgments
532
References
533
37
Geochemistry of Chlorophylls
535-561
Brendan J. Keely
Summary
536
I. Introduction
536
II. Chlorophyll Transformations
544
III. Timing and Nature of Transformations
551
IV. Transformation Scheme
553
V. Applications
554
VI. Concluding Remarks
556
Note Added in Proof
556
Acknowledgments
557
References
557
Index
563
XXI
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Editorial
v
Contents xi
Preface
xxii
Author
Index
xxix
Color Plates
СРІ-СРв
Part
1:
Structures, Chemistry, Analysis
1
An Overview of Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls: Biochemistry,
Biophysics, Functions and Applications
1-26
Hugo
Scheer
Summary
1
I. Introduction
2
II. Structures
4
III. Why Chlorophylls?
12
IV. Functions
16
Acknowledgments
19
References
19
2
Synthesis, Reactivity and Structure of Chlorophylls
27-37
Mathias
О.
Senge, Arno Wiehe and Claudia Ryppa
Summary
27
I.
Basic
Structure and Reactivity of
Chlorophylls 28
II.
Conformational
Flexibility of Hydroporphyrins
28
III.
Chemical
Synthesis of
Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls 29
IV.
Chemical
Modifications
ЗО
Acknowledgments
35
References
35
3
Chlorophyll
с
Pigments: Current Status
39-53
Manuel
Zapata, José L Garrido
and Shirley W. Jeffrey
Summary
40
I. Introduction
40
II. Chemistry of Chlorophyll
с
Pigments
41
III. Biochemistry of Chlorophyll
с
Pigments
46
IV. Distribution
47
xi
V. Applications
and Future Directions
47
Note Added in Proof
50
Acknowledgments
50
References
50
4
Unusual Tetrapyrrole Pigments of Photosynthetic Antennae
and Reaction Centers: Specially-tailored Chlorophylls
55-66
Masami
Kobayashi, Machiko Akiyama, Hideo Kise and
Tadashi Watanabe
Summary
56
I. Introduction
56
II. Specially-tailored Chlorophylls in a Limited Number of Organisms
56
III. Specially-tailored Chlorophylls Associated with Reaction Centers
59
Acknowledgments
63
References
63
5
[Heavy metalJ-Chlorophylls Formed in Vivo During Heavy Metal Stress
and Degradation Products Formed During Digestion, Extraction
and Storage of Plant Material
67-77
Hendrik
Küpper,
Frithjof
С.
Küpper
and Martin
Spiller
Summary
67
I. Introduction
68
II. Substitution of the Central Mg2+ Ion Under Elevated Heavy Metal
Concentrations in vivo
68
III. Occurrence of Partially Degraded and Transmetalated Chlorophyll
Derivatives in Marine Invertebrates
72
IV. Chlorophyll Degradation Products Formed During Storage and Extraction
of Plant Material
73
Acknowledgments
75
References
75
6
Spectroscopy and Structure Determination
79-94
Masami
Kobayashi, Machiko Akiyama, Hiromi
Kano
and Hideo Kise
Summary
79
I. Introduction
80
II. Absorption Spectra
80
III. Fluorescence Spectra
85
IV. Circular Dichroism Spectra
87
V. Mass Spectra
88
VI. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra
90
Acknowledgments
93
References
93
7
Spectrometric Assays for Plant, Algal and Bacterial Chlorophylls
95-107
Robert J.
Porra
Summary
95
I. Introduction
96
хи
II. Modem Spectrophotometric
Assays of Chlorophylls
a
and b
96
III. Choice of Extractant and Determination of Accurate Extinction Coefficients
for Chlorophylls a and
b
in Such Solvents
96
IV. Reliable Simultaneous Equations for the Accurate Assay of Chlorophylls a
and
b
99
V. The Unacceptable Errors and Consequences of Using the Arnon Equations
100
VI. Other Spectrophotometric Assays for Chlorophylls a and
b
in Association
with Their Derivatives or Other Pigments
101
VII.
Spectrophotometric Assays for Chlorophylls in Chlorophyll c-containing
Algae
101
VIII.
Spectrophotometric Data for the Assay of Bacteriochlorophylls
101
IX. Spectrofluorimetric Assays for Chlorophylls a and
b
103
X. Concluding Remarks
105
Acknowledgments
105
References
105
8
Chlorophyll Analysis by New High Performance Liquid
Chromatography Methods
109-121
José L.
Garrido
and Manuel
Zapata
Summary
109
I. Introduction
110
II. New Bonded Phase Columns
110
III. Mass Spectrometry as High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Detection Technique Applied to Chlorophylls
112
IV. Applications
113
V. Future Directions in the High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Analysis of Chlorophylls
115
Acknowledgments
119
References
119
9
Large Scale Chlorophyll Preparations Using Simple Open-Column
Chromatographic Methods
123-131
Yuzo Shioi
Summary
124
I. Introduction
124
II. Extraction of the Pigments
124
III. Precipitation of Chlorophylls
126
IV. Column Chromatographic Methods
127
Acknowledgments
130
References
131
Metabolism
10
Chlorophyll Metabolism, an Overview
133-146
Wolfhart Rüdiger
and
Bernhard
Grimm
Summary
133
I. Introduction
134
II. The Diversity of Tetrapyrrole Metabolic Pathways
134
xiii
III. Subcellular Location of Enzymes
140
IV. Regulation of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis
140
V. Incorporation into Proteins
142
VI. Chlorophyll Degradation
143
VII.
Concluding Remarks
143
References
143
11
Biosynthesis of S-Aminolevulinic Acid
147-158
Samuel I.
Beale
Summary
147
I. Alternate Pathways for 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Biosynthesis
147
II. S-Aminolevulinic Acid Biosynthesis from
Glycine
and Succinyl-Coenzyme A
148
III. S-Aminolevulinic Acid Biosynthesis from Five-Carbon Precursors
149
IV. Phylogenetic Distribution and Evolutionary Implications of the Two
S-Aminolevulinic Acid Biosynthetic Pathways in Photosynthetic Species
154
Acknowledgments
154
References
154
12
Transfer RNA-Dependent Aminolevulinic Acid Formation: Structure
and Function Of Glutamyl-tRNA Synthetase, Reductase and
Glutamate-I-Semialdehyde-^I-Aminomutase
159-171
Dieter
Jahn, Jürgen Moser, Wolf-Dieter Schubert and Dirk W. Heinz
Summary
159
I. Two Pathways for S-Aminolevulinic Acid Biosynthesis
160
II. Glutamyl-tRNA
Synthetase Forms Glutamyl-tRNA for Protein and
Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis
160
III. Glutamyl-tRNA
160
IV. Glutamyl-tRNA Synthetase
160
V. Glutamyl-tRNA Reductase
163
VI. Glutamate-I-Semialdehyde^.i-Aminomutase
166
VII.
Metabolic Channeling of Glutamate-1 -Semialdehyde
167
VIII.
Concluding Remarks
167
Acknowledgments
168
References
168
13
The Pathway from S-Aminolevulinic Acid to Protochlorophyllide
and Protoheme
173-188
Elena Yaronskaya and
Bernhard
Grimm
Summary
173
I. Introduction
174
II. Enzymes of Porphyrin Synthesis
174
III. The Chlorophyll-synthesizing Branch
178
IV. The Protoheme-synthesizing Branch
182
V. Concluding Remarks
183
References
183
xiv
14
Biosynthesis of Chlorophylls a and b: The Last Steps
189-200
Wolfhart Rüdiger
Summary
189
I. Introduction
190
II. Protochlorophyllide Reduction
190
III. Metabolism of Chlorophyll
b
and
Chlorophyllide
b
193
IV. Esterification
195
Supplement
197
Note Added in Proof
197
Acknowledgments
197
References
197
15
Bacteriochlorophyll Biosynthesis in Green Bacteria
201-221
Niels-Ulrik Frigaard, Aline Gomez
Maqueo
Chew, Julia A. Maresca
and Donald A. Bryant
Summary
201
I. Introduction
202
II. Approach to Elucidating Bacteriochlorophyll Biosynthesis in Green Bacteria
203
III. Overview of Proposed Pathways
206
IV. Early Steps in
Porphyrin
Biosynthesis
209
V. Bacteriochlorophyll a Biosynthesis
209
VI. Chlorophyll a Biosynthesis
210
VII.
Bacteriochlorophyll
с
Biosynthesis
211
VIII.
Bacteriochlorophyll
d
Biosynthesis
215
IX. Bacteriochlorophyll
e
Biosynthesis
215
X. Bacteriochlorophyll
с
Biosynthesis in Green Filamentous Bacteria
216
XI. Future Directions
217
Note added in Proof
217
Acknowledgments
217
References
217
16
Involvement of Tetrapyrroles in Cellular Regulation
223-235
Christoph F. Beck
and
Bernhard
Grimm
Summary
223
I. Introduction
224
II. Intra-organellar Regulation by Tetrapyrroles
225
III. Role for Tetrapyrroles in Inter-organellar Signaling
226
IV. Transport of Tetrapyrroles
230
V. Concluding Remarks
230
References
232
17
Chlorophyll Catabolites and the Biochemistry of Chlorophyll
Breakdown
237-260
Bernhard Kräutler
and Stefan
Hörtensteiner
Summary
237
I. Introduction
238
XV
II.
Chlorophyll
Breakdown
and Chlorophyll Catabolites in Higher Plants
239
III. Chlorophyll Breakdown and Chlorophyll Catabolites in Green Algae
254
IV. Chlorophyll Catabolites from Marine Organisms
255
V. Conclusions and Outlook
256
Note Added in Proof
256
Acknowledgments
257
References
257
18
The Evolution of Chlorophylls and Photosynthesis
261-282
Anthony W. D. Larkum
Summary
261
I. Introduction
262
II. The Early Earth and the Origins of Photosynthesis
262
III Evolution of the Pathway to the Earliest Photosynthetic Pigments
263
IV. Evolution of Extant Photosynthetic Pigments and Early Photosynthetic
Organisms
267
V. Reaction Centers
272
VI. Evolution of Oxygenic Photosynthesis
275
VII.
Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll Proteins
277
VIII.
Outlook
278
References
278
The Native Environment
19
The Influence of Protein Interactions on the Properties of the
Bacteriochlorophyll Dimer in Reaction Centers
283-295
James P. Allen and JoAnn C. Williams
Summary
283
I. Introduction
284
II. Protein Interactions that Influence the Properties of the Dimer
285
III. Modeling the Effect of Protein Interactions on the Electronic Structure
of the Dimer
288
IV. The Effect of Protein Interactions on Electron Transfer
290
V. Conclusions
292
Acknowledgments
292
References
293
20
Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of the
Chlorosomes
297-307
Ido
de
Boer and Huub
J. M. de
Groot
Summary
297
I. Introduction
297
II. Aggregated
Hydrated
Chlorophyll (Chi a/H2O) as a Model for Magic Angle
Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology Development
298
III. Self-organization of Bacteriochlorophyll is the Main Structural Feature
of the Chlorosomal Antennae
300
IV. A 3-Dimensional Model for the Structure of the Chlorosomal Antennae
303
xvi
V.
Conclusions
and Future Prospects
304
Note Added in Proof
305
References
305
21
Single Molecule Spectroscopy of Pigment Protein Complexes from
Purple Bacteria
309-321
Jürgen Köhler
and Thijs J. Aartsma
Summary
309
I. Introduction
310
II. Spectroscopy of Individual Light-harvesting Complexes
312
Acknowledgments
319
References
319
22
Effects of Axial Coordination, Electronic Excitation and Oxidation
on Bond Orders in the Bacteriochlorin
Macrocycle,
and Generation
of Radical Cation on Photo-Excitation of in vitro and in vivo
Bacteriochlorophyll a Aggregates: Resonance Raman Studies
323-335
Yasushi Koyama, Yoshinori Kakitani, Leenawaty Limantara
and Ritsuko
Fujii
Summary
324
I. The
5-
and e-Coordinated States of Bacteriochlorophyll a in the So, T,
and Do Electronic States as Probed by the Ring-Breathing Frequency
324
II. Changes in Bond Orders as Scaled by Stretching Force Constants in
the Conjugated Systems of Bacteriochlorophyll a, Bacteriopheophytin a
and Carotenoid: Implication of the Arrangement of Those Pigments in the
Reaction Center
329
III. Generation of the T, State and Subsequent Transformation into the Do
State upon Photo-Excitation of in vitro and in vivo Bacteriochlorophyll a
Aggregates
331
Acknowledgments
334
References
335
23
Mapping the Global Ring Currents in Porphyrins and Chlorins
337-347
Erich
Steiner
and Patrick W. Fowler
Summary
337
I. Introduction
337
II. Electronic Structure and Spectra
338
III. Ring Currents
339
IV. Orbital Model of Ring Currents
341
V. The Four-Orbital Model of the Ring Current in Porphyrins
341
VI. Pathways
342
VII.
Porphin and Magnesium Porphin
342
VIII.
Chlorins
346
Appendix
346
Note Added in Proof
346
References
346
xvu
24
Bacteriochlorophyll Protein
Maquettes
349-363
Dror Noy,
Christopher
С.
Moser
and P. Leslie Dutton
Summary
349
I. Protein
Maquette
Tools for Exploring Natural Design of Chlorophyll- and Bacterio-
chlorophyll-Proteins
350
II. Essentials of
De Novo
Designing Protein
Maquettes
352
III. Adapting Natural LHs to
Maquettes
353
IV. Concluding Remarks
360
Acknowledgments
360
References
360
25
Molecular Assembly of Bacteriochlorophyll Complexes Using
Synthetic Light-Harvesting Model Polypeptides
365-373
Marnom
Nango
Summary
365
I. Introduction
365
II. Molecular Assembly of Bacteriochlorophylls with Isolated Light-Harvesting
Subunits from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Synthetic Models
367
III. Molecular Assembly of Bacteriochlorophyll a Complex and Its Analogues
by Synthetic 4a-Helix Polypeptides
369
IV. Concluding Remarks
371
Acknowledgments
372
References
372
26
Reconstitution
and Pigment Exchange
375-385
Harald Paulsen
Summary
375
I. Introduction
376
II. Reconstitution
376
III. Pigment Exchange
379
IV. Concluding Remarks
381
Note Added in Proof
381
References
382
27
Assembly of Model Bacteriochlorophyll Proteins in the Native
Lipid
Environment
387-396
Adela
Garcia-Martin,
Lee Gyan
Kwa, Mathias von Jan,
С
Neil Hunter and Paula Braun
Summary
387
I. Introduction
388
II.
Bacteriochlorophyll Proteins
with
Model Transmembrane
Helices
388
III. Assembly Motifs of (Bacteriojchlorophyll
Proteins 391
Acknowledgments
394
References
394
xvui
Functions
28
Photosynthetic Functions of Chlorophylls
397-412
Alexander
N.
Melkozernov and Robert E. Blankenship
Summary
. 397
I. Introduction
398
II. Structure of Chlorophylls and Their Relevance to Photosynthetic Functions
398
III. Chlorophyll-Sensitized Electron Transfer
399
IV. Light-harvesting and Energy Transfer
402
V. Structural Function
408
V. Photoprotective Function of Chlorophylls
408
Acknowledgments
410
References
410
29
Excitation Energy Transfer Between (BacterioJChlorophylls
—
the Role
of Excitonic Coupling
413-430
Dieter Leupold,
Heiko Lokstein
and Hugo
Scheer
Summary
413
I. Introduction
414
II. Excitation Energy Transfer in Purple Bacteria
415
III. Excitation Energy Transfer in Light-Harvesting Complex ll-type Complexes
of Higher Plants
420
IV. Excitation Energy Transfer in Chlorosomes
423
V. Excitation Energy Transfer in the
Fenna-Matthews-Olsen (FMO)
Complex
424
Note Added in Proof
425
Acknowledgments
426
References
426
30
Mechanisms of Carotenoid-to-Bacteriochlorophyll Energy Transfer
in the Light Harvesting Antenna Complexes
1
and
2:
Dependence on
the Conjugation Length of Carotenoids
431-443
Yasushi Koyama and Yoshinori Kakitani
Summary
431
I. Introduction
432
II. Intrinsic Properties of Carotenoids' Excited-States
432
III. Carotenoid-to-Bacteriochlorophyll Energy Transfer in Light Harvesting
Complex
2 434
IV. Carotenoid-to-Bacteriochlorophyll Energy Transfer in Light Harvesting
Complex
1 438
V. Comparison between the Light Harvesting Complexes
1
and
2 439
Acknowledgments
442
References
443
31
Electron Transfer in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers
445-459
Josef Wachtveitl and Wolfgang Zinth
Summary
445
I. Introduction
446
XIX
II. Dynamics
and Energetics of the
First Electron
Transfer Reactions in
Bacterial Reaction Centers
446
III. Optimization of Photosynthesis
454
IV. Concluding Remarks
455
References
455
Applications
32
Chlorophyll Sensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy
461-483
Alexander
S. Brandis, Yoram
Salomon and Avigdor
Scherz
Summary
462
I. Introduction
462
II. Photosensitizers Derived from Chlorophyll a
465
III. Clinical Trials
476
Acknowledgments
476
References
476
33
Bacteriochlorophyll Sensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy
485-494
Alexander
S. Brandis,
Yoram Salomon and Avigdor
Scherz
Summary
486
I. Introduction
486
II. Photosensitizers Derived from Bacteriochlorophyll a
487
III. Clinical trials
491
IV. Conclusions and Perspectives
491
Acknowledgements
491
References
492
34
Metal-substituted Bacteriochlorophylls: Novel Molecular Tools
495-506
Roie Yerushalmi, Idan Ashur and Avigdor
Scherz
Summary
495
I. Introduction
496
II. From Porphyrins to Bacteriochlorophylls: An Experimental Benchmark for
Theoretical Approaches.
496
III. Function-Oriented Chemical Modification of Bacteriochlorophylls
497
IV. Applications
499
V. Concluding Remarks
503
Acknowledgments
503
References
503
35
Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Reporter on in vivo Electron
Transport and Regulation in Plants
507-519
Ladislav Nedbal
and
Michal Koblížek
Summary 507
I. Introduction
508
II. Time Scales
5O8
III. Analysis of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Transients
511
xx
IV. Beyond the Conventional Analysis
515
V. Prospects of the Technique and Instrumentation
516
Acknowledgments
516
References
516
36
Meeting the Challenge of Monitoring Chlorophyll in the Ocean
from Outer Space
521-534
André Morei
Summary
521
I. Introduction
522
II. Absorbing Substances in the Marine Environment
523
III. Bio-optical Relationships in Oceanic Waters and Chlorophyll Algorithms
525
IV. Reflectance of Oceanic Waters
528
V. Phytoplankton Distribution and Primary Production
528
VI. Sun-stimulated Fluorescence
531
VII.
Concluding Remarks: The Atmospheric Correction
531
Acknowledgments
532
References
533
37
Geochemistry of Chlorophylls
535-561
Brendan J. Keely
Summary
536
I. Introduction
536
II. Chlorophyll Transformations
544
III. Timing and Nature of Transformations
551
IV. Transformation Scheme
553
V. Applications
554
VI. Concluding Remarks
556
Note Added in Proof
556
Acknowledgments
557
References
557
Index
563
XXI |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Aufsatzsammlung - Bakteriochlorophyll Aufsatzsammlung - Chlorophyll |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung Aufsatzsammlung - Bakteriochlorophyll Aufsatzsammlung - Chlorophyll |
| id | DE-604.BV021575134 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:39:44Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:39:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1402045158 9781402045158 1402045166 9781402045165 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014790889 |
| oclc_num | 601326448 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-188 |
| physical | XXIX, 8, 603 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Advances in photosynthesis and respiration |
| series2 | Advances in photosynthesis and respiration |
| spelling | Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls biochemistry, biophysics, functions and applications ed. by Bernhard Grimm ... Dordrecht Springer 2006 XXIX, 8, 603 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Advances in photosynthesis and respiration 25 Bacterial pigments Biochemistry Biophysics Chlorophyll Photosynthetic bacteria Photosynthetic pigments Bakteriochlorophyll (DE-588)4143926-0 gnd rswk-swf Biophysik (DE-588)4006891-2 gnd rswk-swf Biochemie (DE-588)4006777-4 gnd rswk-swf Chlorophyll (DE-588)4147817-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Aufsatzsammlung - Bakteriochlorophyll Aufsatzsammlung - Chlorophyll Chlorophyll (DE-588)4147817-4 s Biochemie (DE-588)4006777-4 s Biophysik (DE-588)4006891-2 s DE-604 Bakteriochlorophyll (DE-588)4143926-0 s b DE-604 Grimm, Bernhard Sonstige oth Advances in photosynthesis and respiration 25 (DE-604)BV019837546 25 text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2743989&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014790889&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls biochemistry, biophysics, functions and applications Advances in photosynthesis and respiration Bacterial pigments Biochemistry Biophysics Chlorophyll Photosynthetic bacteria Photosynthetic pigments Bakteriochlorophyll (DE-588)4143926-0 gnd Biophysik (DE-588)4006891-2 gnd Biochemie (DE-588)4006777-4 gnd Chlorophyll (DE-588)4147817-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4143926-0 (DE-588)4006891-2 (DE-588)4006777-4 (DE-588)4147817-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls biochemistry, biophysics, functions and applications |
| title_auth | Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls biochemistry, biophysics, functions and applications |
| title_exact_search | Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls biochemistry, biophysics, functions and applications |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls biochemistry, biophysics, functions and applications |
| title_full | Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls biochemistry, biophysics, functions and applications ed. by Bernhard Grimm ... |
| title_fullStr | Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls biochemistry, biophysics, functions and applications ed. by Bernhard Grimm ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls biochemistry, biophysics, functions and applications ed. by Bernhard Grimm ... |
| title_short | Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls |
| title_sort | chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls biochemistry biophysics functions and applications |
| title_sub | biochemistry, biophysics, functions and applications |
| topic | Bacterial pigments Biochemistry Biophysics Chlorophyll Photosynthetic bacteria Photosynthetic pigments Bakteriochlorophyll (DE-588)4143926-0 gnd Biophysik (DE-588)4006891-2 gnd Biochemie (DE-588)4006777-4 gnd Chlorophyll (DE-588)4147817-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bacterial pigments Biochemistry Biophysics Chlorophyll Photosynthetic bacteria Photosynthetic pigments Bakteriochlorophyll Biophysik Biochemie Aufsatzsammlung Aufsatzsammlung - Bakteriochlorophyll Aufsatzsammlung - Chlorophyll |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2743989&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014790889&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV019837546 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT grimmbernhard chlorophyllsandbacteriochlorophyllsbiochemistrybiophysicsfunctionsandapplications |