Islam, secularism and nationalism in modern Turkey: who is a Turk?
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Routledge
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge studies in Middle Eastern history
4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Includes bibliographical references |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 262 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0415384583 9780415384582 0415567769 9780415567763 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Islam, secularism and nationalism in modern Turkey |b who is a Turk? |c Soner Cagaptay |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b Routledge |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a XX, 262 S. |b graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Routledge studies in Middle Eastern history |v 4 | |
| 500 | |a Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references | ||
| 502 | |a Teilw. zugl.: Yale Univ., Diss., 2002 | ||
| 505 | 8 | |a Introduction: Turkish nationalism today -- Ch. 1. From the Muslim millet to the Turkish nation, the Ottoman Legacy -- Ch. 2. Secularism, Kemalist nationalism, Turkishness and the minorities in the 1920s -- Ch. 3. Kemalism par excellence in the 1930s, the rise of Turkish nationalism -- Chapter 4. Who is a Turk? Kemalist citizenship policies -- Ch. 5. Defining the boundaries of Turkishness, Kemalist immigration and resettlement policies -- Ch. 6. Secularized Islam defines Turkishness; Kurds and other Muslims as Turks -- Ch. 7. Ethno-religious limits of Turkishness; Christians excluded from the nation -- Ch. 8. Jews in the 1930s; Turks or not? -- Conclusion: Understanding Turkish nationalism in modern Turkey; the Kemalist legacy. | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Politik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Kemalism | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Islam |z Turkey |x History | |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Türkei | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Turkey |x Ethnic relations | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Turkey |x Politics and government |y 1918-1960 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1808866936692408320 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Contents
List of illustrations xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Note on names xv
Notes on personal names, translations, and archival sources xvii
Prologue xix
Introduction: Turkish nationalism today 1
1 From the Muslim millet to the Turkish
nation: the Ottoman legacy 4
From ethnicities to nations 4
The fall of the Ottoman Empire: from the Ottoman
Muslims to the Turkish nation 4
The rise of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP)
and the fight for Anatolia 7
2 Secularism, Kemalist nationalism, Turkishness,
and the minorities in the 1920s 11
Anatolian Muslims rally to liberate Turkey 11
Secularization: the ascent of nominal Islam as a marker of Turkishness 13
A dilemma for Kemalism: Turkish citizenship vs Turkish nationality 14
Kurds in the 1920s: the role of religion in assimilation 19
Jews during the 1920s: the role of the Turkish language in assimilation 24
Christians in the 1920s: an overview 27
Greeks in the 1920s 29
Arab Christians, Jacobites, and other Eastern Christians
during the 1920s 31
Armenians during the 1920s: conflict and confrontation 32
Conclusion 39
viii Contents
3 Kemalism par excellence in the 1930s: the rise of
Turkish nationalism 41
Menemen rebellion, Agrt uprising, and SCF
experience: the troublesome 1930 41
The advent of High Kemalism 43
CHPs 1931 Congress 44
CIIPs 1935 Congress and the six principles of Kemalism 46
The Inspectorates General 47
First Turkish History Congress and the Turkish History Thesis 48
The rise of ethnic definition of the Turkish nation 52
The ramifications of the Turkish History Thesis 54
First Turkish Language Congress and the purification of
the Turkish language 54
Atatiirk's death and the end of a period of High Kemalism 56
The ethno racial definition of the Turkish nation vs Turkey's
ethno religious diversity 57
Citizen, speak Turkish and adopt a Turkish last name! 57
Conclusion 63
4 Who is a Turk? Kemalist citizenship policies 65
Citizenship as apolitical tool in interwar Europe: an overview 65
Turkish censuses under High Kemalism 66
The privileged position of the Turks among the Turkish citizens 69
Denaturalization cases 71
Naturalization cases 75
Race and ethnicity in Turkish citizenship polities in the 1930s 79
Conclusion 80
5 Defining the boundaries of Turkishness:
Kemalist immigration and resettlement policies 32
The nature of immigration to Turkey in the 1920s and the 1930s 82
The Resettlement Law of 1926 84
The resettlement policies toward the Kurds in the 1920s 86
The Resettlement Law of 1934 88
Race and ethnicity in Turkish resettlement policies in the 1930s 90
Armenians in the High Kemalist resettlement acts 92
The immigration matrix 92
Balkan and Caucasus Muslims in the High Kemalist
resettlement policies 94
Hierarchy in immigration to Turkey 95
The spirit of High Kemalist immigration and resettlement policies 100
Contents ix
6 Secularized Islam defines Turkishness:
Kurds and other Muslims as Turks 102
Why were the Kurds the biggest challenge to Kemalism? 102
The Kadro movement and the Kurds: "Are the
Kurds a nation?" 102
Kemalism and the Kurds: 1920s into the 1930s 105
The Dersim uprising 107
High Kemalist policy toward the Circassians and
other Caucasus Muslims 113
High Kemalist policy toward the Nusayris, and the
Hatay Conundrum 116
The Sancak controversy of the late 1930s 117
High Kemalist policies toward the Arabs and
the Albanians 121
Conclusion 122
7 Ethno religious limits of Turkishness:
Christians excluded from the nation 124
A general overview 124
Greeks under High Kemalism 126
Eastern Christians under High Kemalism 129
Armenians under High Kemalism 130
Armenian assassination attempts against the leaders
of the Republic 132
Caution and ethnic bias toward the Armenians 133
Turkish Armenians at the end of the High Kemalist era 136
Conclusion: a legacy of uneasiness toward Christianity
and the Christians 137
8 Jews in the 1930s: Turks or not? 140
Thrace, die focal point of Jewish concentration in Turkey 140
Ankara's attitude toward the Thracianjews and Bulgarian
revisionism concerning Thrace 140
Jewish exodus from Thrace, the 1934 Thracian
incidents 142
The aftermath of the 1934 incidents 148
Anti semitism in Turkey in the 1930s 148
Jewish immigration to Turkey in the 1930s 151
The death of Ataturk and the arrest of Italian Jews 153
Conclusion: Jews in the 1930s, Turkish nationalism vs
anti semitism 155
x Contents
Conclusion: understanding Turkish nationalism in
modern Turkey—the Kemalist legacy 156
The characteristics of Turkish nationalism in the interwar period 156
Kemalism's three zones of Turkishness 159
The saliency of ethno religious nationalism in the
former Ottoman sphere 161
Understanding Turkey's nationality related dilemmas:
the Kemalist legacy 161
Notes 163
Bibliography 223
Index 245
Illustrations
Figures
1 Matrix of Turkishness 93
2 Priority in immigration 96
3 Zones of Turkishness in the 1930s 160
Maps
1 Provinces of Turkey (1927) (Administrative divisions—
boundaries approximate) 12
2 Distribution of non Turkish speakers in Turkey (1927) 17
3 Distribution of non Muslims in Turkey (1927) 18
4 Distribution of Kurds in Turkey (1927) 20
5 Armenian concentration in Central, East Central, and Southeastern
Turkey (1927) 34
6 Turkish provinces governed by the Inspectorates General (1936) 49 |
| adam_txt |
Contents
List of illustrations xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Note on names xv
Notes on personal names, translations, and archival sources xvii
Prologue xix
Introduction: Turkish nationalism today 1
1 From the Muslim millet to the Turkish
nation: the Ottoman legacy 4
From ethnicities to nations 4
The fall of the Ottoman Empire: from the Ottoman
Muslims to the Turkish nation 4
The rise of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP)
and the fight for Anatolia 7
2 Secularism, Kemalist nationalism, Turkishness,
and the minorities in the 1920s 11
Anatolian Muslims rally to liberate Turkey 11
Secularization: the ascent of nominal Islam as a marker of Turkishness 13
A dilemma for Kemalism: Turkish citizenship vs Turkish nationality 14
Kurds in the 1920s: the role of religion in assimilation 19
Jews during the 1920s: the role of the Turkish language in assimilation 24
Christians in the 1920s: an overview 27
Greeks in the 1920s 29
Arab Christians, Jacobites, and other Eastern Christians
during the 1920s 31
Armenians during the 1920s: conflict and confrontation 32
Conclusion 39
viii Contents
3 Kemalism par excellence in the 1930s: the rise of
Turkish nationalism 41
Menemen rebellion, Agrt uprising, and SCF
experience: the troublesome 1930 41
The advent of High Kemalism 43
CHPs 1931 Congress 44
CIIPs 1935 Congress and the six principles of Kemalism 46
The Inspectorates General 47
First Turkish History Congress and the Turkish History Thesis 48
The rise of ethnic definition of the Turkish nation 52
The ramifications of the Turkish History Thesis 54
First Turkish Language Congress and the purification of
the Turkish language 54
Atatiirk's death and the end of a period of High Kemalism 56
The ethno racial definition of the Turkish nation vs Turkey's
ethno religious diversity 57
Citizen, speak Turkish and adopt a Turkish last name! 57
Conclusion 63
4 Who is a Turk? Kemalist citizenship policies 65
Citizenship as apolitical tool in interwar Europe: an overview 65
Turkish censuses under High Kemalism 66
The privileged position of the Turks among the Turkish citizens 69
Denaturalization cases 71
Naturalization cases 75
Race and ethnicity in Turkish citizenship polities in the 1930s 79
Conclusion 80
5 Defining the boundaries of Turkishness:
Kemalist immigration and resettlement policies 32
The nature of immigration to Turkey in the 1920s and the 1930s 82
The Resettlement Law of 1926 84
The resettlement policies toward the Kurds in the 1920s 86
The Resettlement Law of 1934 88
Race and ethnicity in Turkish resettlement policies in the 1930s 90
Armenians in the High Kemalist resettlement acts 92
The immigration matrix 92
Balkan and Caucasus Muslims in the High Kemalist
resettlement policies 94
Hierarchy in immigration to Turkey 95
The spirit of High Kemalist immigration and resettlement policies 100
Contents ix
6 Secularized Islam defines Turkishness:
Kurds and other Muslims as Turks 102
Why were the Kurds the biggest challenge to Kemalism? 102
The Kadro movement and the Kurds: "Are the
Kurds a nation?" 102
Kemalism and the Kurds: 1920s into the 1930s 105
The Dersim uprising 107
High Kemalist policy toward the Circassians and
other Caucasus Muslims 113
High Kemalist policy toward the Nusayris, and the
Hatay Conundrum 116
The Sancak controversy of the late 1930s 117
High Kemalist policies toward the Arabs and
the Albanians 121
Conclusion 122
7 Ethno religious limits of Turkishness:
Christians excluded from the nation 124
A general overview 124
Greeks under High Kemalism 126
Eastern Christians under High Kemalism 129
Armenians under High Kemalism 130
Armenian assassination attempts against the leaders
of the Republic 132
Caution and ethnic bias toward the Armenians 133
Turkish Armenians at the end of the High Kemalist era 136
Conclusion: a legacy of uneasiness toward Christianity
and the Christians 137
8 Jews in the 1930s: Turks or not? 140
Thrace, die focal point of Jewish concentration in Turkey 140
Ankara's attitude toward the Thracianjews and Bulgarian
revisionism concerning Thrace 140
Jewish exodus from Thrace, the 1934 Thracian
incidents 142
The aftermath of the 1934 incidents 148
Anti semitism in Turkey in the 1930s 148
Jewish immigration to Turkey in the 1930s 151
The death of Ataturk and the arrest of Italian Jews 153
Conclusion: Jews in the 1930s, Turkish nationalism vs
anti semitism 155
x Contents
Conclusion: understanding Turkish nationalism in
modern Turkey—the Kemalist legacy 156
The characteristics of Turkish nationalism in the interwar period 156
Kemalism's three zones of Turkishness 159
The saliency of ethno religious nationalism in the
former Ottoman sphere 161
Understanding Turkey's nationality related dilemmas:
the Kemalist legacy 161
Notes 163
Bibliography 223
Index 245
Illustrations
Figures
1 Matrix of Turkishness 93
2 Priority in immigration 96
3 Zones of Turkishness in the 1930s 160
Maps
1 Provinces of Turkey (1927) (Administrative divisions—
boundaries approximate) 12
2 Distribution of non Turkish speakers in Turkey (1927) 17
3 Distribution of non Muslims in Turkey (1927) 18
4 Distribution of Kurds in Turkey (1927) 20
5 Armenian concentration in Central, East Central, and Southeastern
Turkey (1927) 34
6 Turkish provinces governed by the Inspectorates General (1936) 49 |
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| author | Çağaptay, Soner 1970- |
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| callnumber-sort | DR 3590 |
| callnumber-subject | DR - Balkan Peninsula |
| classification_rvk | BE 8607 LB 52340 MH 62030 MH 62086 MH 62270 |
| contents | Introduction: Turkish nationalism today -- Ch. 1. From the Muslim millet to the Turkish nation, the Ottoman Legacy -- Ch. 2. Secularism, Kemalist nationalism, Turkishness and the minorities in the 1920s -- Ch. 3. Kemalism par excellence in the 1930s, the rise of Turkish nationalism -- Chapter 4. Who is a Turk? Kemalist citizenship policies -- Ch. 5. Defining the boundaries of Turkishness, Kemalist immigration and resettlement policies -- Ch. 6. Secularized Islam defines Turkishness; Kurds and other Muslims as Turks -- Ch. 7. Ethno-religious limits of Turkishness; Christians excluded from the nation -- Ch. 8. Jews in the 1930s; Turks or not? -- Conclusion: Understanding Turkish nationalism in modern Turkey; the Kemalist legacy. |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)59879713 (DE-599)BVBBV021572711 |
| dewey-full | 305.8/009561 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 305 - Groups of people |
| dewey-raw | 305.8/009561 |
| dewey-search | 305.8/009561 |
| dewey-sort | 3305.8 49561 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie Politologie Theologie / Religionswissenschaften Sozial-/Kulturanthropologie / Empirische Kulturwissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Soziologie Politologie Theologie / Religionswissenschaften Sozial-/Kulturanthropologie / Empirische Kulturwissenschaft |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Thesis Book |
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From the Muslim millet to the Turkish nation, the Ottoman Legacy -- Ch. 2. Secularism, Kemalist nationalism, Turkishness and the minorities in the 1920s -- Ch. 3. Kemalism par excellence in the 1930s, the rise of Turkish nationalism -- Chapter 4. Who is a Turk? Kemalist citizenship policies -- Ch. 5. Defining the boundaries of Turkishness, Kemalist immigration and resettlement policies -- Ch. 6. Secularized Islam defines Turkishness; Kurds and other Muslims as Turks -- Ch. 7. Ethno-religious limits of Turkishness; Christians excluded from the nation -- Ch. 8. 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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Türkei Turkey Ethnic relations Turkey Politics and government 1918-1960 Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Türkei Turkey Ethnic relations Turkey Politics and government 1918-1960 |
| id | DE-604.BV021572711 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:38:58Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-31T02:05:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0415384583 9780415384582 0415567769 9780415567763 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2005012393 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014788495 |
| oclc_num | 59879713 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-188 DE-703 DE-521 DE-29 DE-706 |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-188 DE-703 DE-521 DE-29 DE-706 |
| physical | XX, 262 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Routledge studies in Middle Eastern history |
| series2 | Routledge studies in Middle Eastern history |
| spelling | Çağaptay, Soner 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)1049760832 aut Islam, secularism and nationalism in modern Turkey who is a Turk? Soner Cagaptay 1. publ. London [u.a.] Routledge 2006 XX, 262 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge studies in Middle Eastern history 4 Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Includes bibliographical references Teilw. zugl.: Yale Univ., Diss., 2002 Introduction: Turkish nationalism today -- Ch. 1. From the Muslim millet to the Turkish nation, the Ottoman Legacy -- Ch. 2. Secularism, Kemalist nationalism, Turkishness and the minorities in the 1920s -- Ch. 3. Kemalism par excellence in the 1930s, the rise of Turkish nationalism -- Chapter 4. Who is a Turk? Kemalist citizenship policies -- Ch. 5. Defining the boundaries of Turkishness, Kemalist immigration and resettlement policies -- Ch. 6. Secularized Islam defines Turkishness; Kurds and other Muslims as Turks -- Ch. 7. Ethno-religious limits of Turkishness; Christians excluded from the nation -- Ch. 8. Jews in the 1930s; Turks or not? -- Conclusion: Understanding Turkish nationalism in modern Turkey; the Kemalist legacy. Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Politik Kemalism Islam Turkey History Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd rswk-swf Säkularismus (DE-588)4463409-2 gnd rswk-swf Nationalismus (DE-588)4041300-7 gnd rswk-swf Türkei Turkey Ethnic relations Turkey Politics and government 1918-1960 Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 g Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 s Säkularismus (DE-588)4463409-2 s Nationalismus (DE-588)4041300-7 s Geschichte z DE-604 Routledge studies in Middle Eastern history 4 (DE-604)BV021574844 4 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0511/2005012393.html Table of contents HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014788495&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Çağaptay, Soner 1970- Islam, secularism and nationalism in modern Turkey who is a Turk? Routledge studies in Middle Eastern history Introduction: Turkish nationalism today -- Ch. 1. From the Muslim millet to the Turkish nation, the Ottoman Legacy -- Ch. 2. Secularism, Kemalist nationalism, Turkishness and the minorities in the 1920s -- Ch. 3. Kemalism par excellence in the 1930s, the rise of Turkish nationalism -- Chapter 4. Who is a Turk? Kemalist citizenship policies -- Ch. 5. Defining the boundaries of Turkishness, Kemalist immigration and resettlement policies -- Ch. 6. Secularized Islam defines Turkishness; Kurds and other Muslims as Turks -- Ch. 7. Ethno-religious limits of Turkishness; Christians excluded from the nation -- Ch. 8. Jews in the 1930s; Turks or not? -- Conclusion: Understanding Turkish nationalism in modern Turkey; the Kemalist legacy. Geschichte Politik Kemalism Islam Turkey History Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd Säkularismus (DE-588)4463409-2 gnd Nationalismus (DE-588)4041300-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4027743-4 (DE-588)4463409-2 (DE-588)4041300-7 (DE-588)4061163-2 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Islam, secularism and nationalism in modern Turkey who is a Turk? |
| title_auth | Islam, secularism and nationalism in modern Turkey who is a Turk? |
| title_exact_search | Islam, secularism and nationalism in modern Turkey who is a Turk? |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Islam, secularism and nationalism in modern Turkey who is a Turk? |
| title_full | Islam, secularism and nationalism in modern Turkey who is a Turk? Soner Cagaptay |
| title_fullStr | Islam, secularism and nationalism in modern Turkey who is a Turk? Soner Cagaptay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Islam, secularism and nationalism in modern Turkey who is a Turk? Soner Cagaptay |
| title_short | Islam, secularism and nationalism in modern Turkey |
| title_sort | islam secularism and nationalism in modern turkey who is a turk |
| title_sub | who is a Turk? |
| topic | Geschichte Politik Kemalism Islam Turkey History Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd Säkularismus (DE-588)4463409-2 gnd Nationalismus (DE-588)4041300-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Politik Kemalism Islam Turkey History Islam Säkularismus Nationalismus Türkei Turkey Ethnic relations Turkey Politics and government 1918-1960 Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0511/2005012393.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014788495&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV021574844 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cagaptaysoner islamsecularismandnationalisminmodernturkeywhoisaturk |