Dismissal, discrimination and unfair labour practices:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lansdowne
Juta
2005
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | LII, 549 S. |
| ISBN: | 0702167460 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Grogan, John |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Dismissal, discrimination and unfair labour practices |c by John Grogan |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Lansdowne |b Juta |c 2005 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Employees |x Dismissal of |x Law and legislation |z South Africa | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Labor laws and legislation |z South Africa | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Unfair labor practices |z South Africa | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Südafrika (Staat) | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135338721935360 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE V
LIST OF ACRONYMS XVII
TABLE OF STATUTES XIX
TABLE OF CASES XXIII
PART A: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION, OVERVIEW AND BACKGROUND 1
OVERVIEW 3
BACKGROUND 4
CHAPTER 2: THE SCOPE OF THE LABOUR RELATIONS ACT 9
INTRODUCTION 9
DISPUTES THAT AROSE PRIOR TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE ACT 9
TIME LIMITATIONS 11
TERRITORIAL LIMITATIONS 12
LIMITATIONS AS TO PERSONS 13
EMPLOYEES 13
APPLICANTS FOR EMPLOYMENT 21
EMPLOYERS 22
LABOUR BROKERS 23
SELECTIVE RE-EMPLOYMENT AND THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP 25
CATEGORIES OF EMPLOYEES 26
TEMPORARY AND CASUAL EMPLOYEES 27
ACTING EMPLOYEES 29
PROBATIONARY EMPLOYEES 29
MANAGERIAL EMPLOYEES 32
ILLEGAL CONTRACTS 34
FOREIGN NATIONALS 34
PART B: UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES
CHAPTER 3: WHAT IS AN UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICE? 37
INTRODUCTION 37
DEFINITION OF UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICE 38
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 38
LABOUR PRACTICE 38
ACT OR OMISSION 40
BETWEEN AN EMPLOYER AND AN EMPLOYEE 40
INVOLVING 40
UNFAIR CONDUCT 41
UNFAIR CONDUCT AND UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION 42
ONUS OF PROOF 43
UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES AND DISPUTES OF INTEREST 44
UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES AND CONTRACTUAL RIGHTS 45
UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES AND THE CONSTITUTION 47
VII
VIII DISMISSAL, DISCRIMINATION AND UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES
CHAPTER 4: SPECIFIC FORMS OF UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICE 48
INTRODUCTION 48
PROMOTION 48
DEMOTION 54
PROBATION 55
TRAINING 56
PROVISION OF BENEFITS 57
UNFAIR SUSPENSION 61
DISCIPLINARY ACTION SHORT OF DISMISSAL 64
FAILURE TO RE-EMPLOY IN TERMS OF AN AGREEMENT 69
PROTECTED DISCLOSURES 71
CHAPTER 5: NON-STATUTORY UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES 72
INTRODUCTION 72
UNILATERAL VARIATION OF CONDITIONS OF SERVICE 73
PENSION RIGHTS 75
TRANSFERS 79
REFUSAL TO BARGAIN 80
PART C: UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION
CHAPTER 6: UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION 87
INTRODUCTION 87
UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION 87
EMPLOYMENT POLICY OR PRACTICE 89
PROHIBITED GROUNDS 90
DIRECT AND INDIRECT DISCRIMINATION 92
SHIELD OR SWORD? 93
DEFENCES 99
GENERAL DEFENCES 99
AGREEMENT 100
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION 101
INHERENT REQUIREMENTS OF THE JOB 107
CHAPTER 7: PROHIBITED GROUNDS 112
INTRODUCTION 112
AGE . . . . . . . ... . 112
EXPERIENCE 114
HIV/AIDS U5
POLITICAL OPINION 115
PREGNANCY, MARITAL STATUS, FAMILY RESPONSIBILITY 116
RELIGION 116
RACE H7
SEX, GENDER AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION 118
CHAPTER 8: SPECIFIC DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES 121
INTRODUCTION 121
RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION 122
REMUNERATION AND BENEFITS 126
TABLE OF CONTENTS IX
HARASSMENT 129
MEDICAL AND PHSYCHOMETRIC TESTING 130
PART D: VICTIMISATION
CHAPTER 9: VICTIMISATION 135
INTRODUCTION 135
FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION 135
EXERCISE OF STATUTORY RIGHTS 137
PART E: DISMISSAL
CHAPTER 10: WAS THERE A DISMISSAL? 141
INTRODUCTION 141
THE STATUTORY DEFINITION OF DISMISSAL 141
WHO CAN BE DISMISSED? 142
TERMINATION OF THE CONTRACT BY THE EMPLOYER 144
NON-RENEWAL OF FIXED-TERM CONTRACTS 149
MATERNITY LEAVE 153
SELECTION NON-RE-EMPLOYMENT 154
CONSTRUCTIVE DISMISSAL 157
SECTION 197 DISMISSALS 163
NON-STATUTORY MEANS OF TERMINATION 163
IMPOSSIBILITY OF PERFORMANCE 164
INSOLVENCY 164
SETTLEMENT OR WAIVER 165
DISSOLUTION OF CONTRACTS THAT ARE VOID AB INITIO 166
TERMINATION BY OPERATION OF LAW 166
ONUS OF PROVING DISMISSAL 168
CHAPTER 11: WHEN DID THE DISMISSAL OCCUR? 169
INTRODUCTION 169
SECTION 190 169
TERMINATION WITH OR WITHOUT NOTICE 169
THE EFFECT OF APPEALS 171
OTHER FORMS OF DISMISSAL 173
CHAPTER 12: UNFAIR DISMISSALS 175
INTRODUCTION 175
UNLAWFUL AND UNFAIR DISMISSALS 175
SCHEME OF THE LRA 175
CATEGORIES OF UNFAIR DISMISSALS 176
FAIR REASON 176
FAIR PROCEDURE 179
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUBSTANTIVE AND PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS 180
CHAPTER 13: AUTOMATICALLY UNFAIR DISMISSALS 182
INTRODUCTION 182
DISMISSAL CONTRARY TO SECTION 5 184
X DISMISSAL, DISCRIMINATION AND UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES
DISMISSAL FOR UNION ACTIVITIES 185
CLOSED SHOP DISMISSALS 186
PARTICIPATION IN LAWFUL STRIKES 186
REFUSAL TO PRFORM THE WORK OF STRIKERS OR LOCKED OUT EMPLOYEES 193
TO COMPEL THE EMPLOYEE TO ACCEPT A DEMAND 194
DISMISSAL FOR EXERCISING RIGHTS 198
PREGNANCY 198
DISCRIMINATORY DISMISSALS 200
DISCRIMINATION 201
DIRECT AND INDIRECT DISCRIMINATION 205
UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION 206
DEFENCES 207
INHERENT REQUIREMENTS OF THE JOB 208
RETIREMENT 209
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION 211
TRANSFERS OF BUSINESS 212
WHISTLEBLOWERS 214
CHAPTER 14: DISMISSAL FOR MISCONDUCT 216
INTRODUCTION 216
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS IN MISCONDUCT CASES 216
EXISTENCE OF A RULE 217
CONTRAVENTION OF THE RULE 219
ONUS OF PROOF 220
STANDARD OF PROOF 220
KNOWLEDGE OF THE RULE 222
CONSISTENCY 223
APPROPRIATE SANCTION 226
WHETHER THE SANCTION WAS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE EMPLOYER S DISCIPLINARY
CODE 228
WHETHER A LESSER SANCTION WOULD HAVE SERVED THE PURPOSE 228
WHETHER THE EMPLOYER COULD REASONABLY HAVE BEEN EXPECTED TO CONTINUE
WITH
THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP 230
THE GRAVITY OF THE OFFENCE 230
THE EMPLOYEE S DISCIPLINARY RECORD 231
THE EMPLOYEE S LENGTH OF SERVICE 234
MITIGATING AND AGGRAVATING FACTORS 235
THE EMPLOYEE S PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 236
CHAPTER 15: SPECIFIC FORMS OF MISCONDUCT 237
INTRODUCTION 237
ABSENCE FROM WORK 237
ABUSIVE LANGUAGE AND RACIST COMMENTS 239
ASSAULT 241
COMPETING WITH THE EMPLOYER/CONFLICT OF INTEREST 243
DAMAGE TO PROPERTY 245
DISCLOSING CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 245
DISHONESTY 246
TABLE OF CONTENTS XI
DRUG USE 247
DRINKING ON DUTY 248
FALSIFICATION OF RECORDS 251
FRAUD 251
BRINGING THE EMPLOYER S NAME INTO DISREPUTE 253
INSUBORDINATION/INSOLENCE 253
NEGLIGENCE/POOR WORK PERFORMANCE 257
SEXUAL HARASSMENT 259
SLEEPING ON DUTY 262
THEFT/UNAUTHORISED POSSESSION 263
UNAUTHORISED USE OF THE EMPLOYER S PROPERTY 266
MISCELLANEOUS OFFENCES 267
CHAPTER 16: PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS IN MISCONDUCT CASES 268
INTRODUCTION 268
INVESTIGATION OF THE OFFENCE 269
ENTRAPMENT 270
LIE DETECTORS 273
FAIR HEARING 274
SUMMARY 274
THE ROLE OF DISCIPLINARY CODES 276
ADEQUATE NOTICE 277
THE EMPLOYEE SHOULD BE PRESENT AT THE HEARING 279
REPRESENTATION 280
THE PRESIDING OFFICER SHOULD KEEP MINUTES 282
THE PRESIDING OFFICER MUST BE IMPARTIAL 283
THE DECISION 287
THE RIGHT TO APPEAL 288
DOUBLE JEOPARDY 292
WHEN DISCIPLINARY HEARINGS MAY BE DISPENSED WITH ENTIRELY 297
PROCEDURAL ISSUES IN MASS DISMISSALS 300
CONSEQUENCES OF PROCEDURAL UNFAIRNESS 301
CHAPTER 17: GROUP MISCONDUCT 302
INTRODUCTION 302
SELECTION FOR DISCIPLINE 302
COLLECTIVE GUILT 303
DERIVATIVE MISCONDUCT 304
COMMON PURPOSE 306
TEAM LIABILITY 308
SANCTION 312
CHAPTER 18: MISCONDUCT OUTSIDE WORKING HOURS AND CRIMINAL CONDUCT 314
INTRODUCTION 314
MISCONDUCT OUTSIDE THE WORKPLACE 314
CRIMINAL CONDUCT 316
PAST CRIMINAL OFFENCES 317
CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AND DISCIPLINARY ACTION 317
XII DISMISSAL, DISCRIMINATION AND UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES
PENDING CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS 318
OUTCOMES OF CRIMINAL AND DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS 321
CHAPTER 19: DISCIPLINE AND SHOP STEWARDS 324
INTRODUCTION 324
STATUTORY PROTECTION 325
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 325
VICTIMISATION 325
MISCONDUCT BY SHOP STEWARDS WHILE PERFORMING THEIR DUTIES 327
ABSENCE FROM WORK AND ATTENDANCE AT MEETINGS 332
REPRESENTATION AT DISCIPLINARY HEARINGS 333
CONSISTENCY 334
PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS 335
FAILURE TO DISCHARGE DUTIES 335
CHAPTER 20: DISMISSAL FOR POOR WORK PERFORMANCE 337
INTRODUCTION 337
SUBSTANTIVE FAIRNESS 338
SENIOR AND PROBATIONARY EMPLOYEES 344
AWARENESS OF THE PERFORMANCE STANDARD 345
REASONABLE OPPORTUNITY TO IMPROVE 346
APPROPRIATE SANCTION 346
PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS 347
FAIR APPRAISAL 348
INITIAL WARNING 348
COUNSELLING AND ASSISTANCE 349
REASONABLE OPPORTUNITY TO IMPROVE 349
FINAL WARNING 349
HEARING 350
CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES 350
CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH PROCEDURE MAY BE DISPENSED WITH 351
CHAPTER 21: INCAPACITY ARISING FROM ILLNESS OR INJURY 352
INTRODUCTION 352
THE NATURE OF THE INCAPACITY 353
ASCERTAINING WHETHER THE EMPLOYEE IS CAPABLE OF DOING THE JOB 354
THE SERIOUSNESS OF THE INCAPACITY 356
ALTERNATIVE/ADAPTED EMPLOYMENT 357
WHEN TERMINATION IS FAIR 358
CHAPTER 22: DISMISSAL FOR OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS 359
INTRODUCTION 359
WHAT IS RETRENCHMENT? 361
SECTION 189OFTHELRA . . ....... ...... 365
THE SCOPE OF SECTION 189 366
THE REASON FOR RETRENCHMENT 369
PRE-TERMINATION CONSULTATION 375
LARGE-SCALE RETRENCHMENTS 378
TABLE OF CONTENTS XIII
WHEN CONSULTATION MUST COMMENCE 380
PRIOR NOTICE 383
WHO MUST BE CONSULTED? 383
THE SUBJECTS FOR CONSULTATION 386
THE DECISION TO RETRENCH 387
AVOIDING OR MINIMISING THE NUMBER OF DISMISSALS 388
MORATORIUM ON HIRING NEW EMPLOYEES 389
SHEDDING OF CONTRACT WORKERS 389
ELIMINATION OF OVERTIME 389
VOLUNTARY RETRENCHMENT 389
EXTENDED UNPAID LEAVE OR TEMPORARY LAY-OFF 390
EARLY RETIREMENT 390
REDUCTION OF WORKING HOURS 390
RE-DEPLOYMENT OR TRANSFER 390
UNILATERAL AMENDMENT OF EMPLOYEES CONDITIONS OF SERVICE 390
CHANGING THE TIMING OF DISMISSALS 392
MITIGATING THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DISMISSALS 392
SEVERANCE PAY 392
THE SUFFICIENCY OF CONSULTATION 393
DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION 393
THE FINAL DECISION 395
CORRECTING A FLAWED PROCESS 395
FAIR SELECTION CRITERIA 395
BUMPING 399
SEVERANCE PAY 401
OFFERS OF RE-EMPLOYMENT 406
THE NO DIFFERENCE PRINCIPLE 407
CHAPTER 23: CLOSURES, MERGERS AND SALES OF BUSINESSES 409
INTRODUCTION 409
TRANSFERS OF SOLVENT BUSINESSES 410
BUSINESS 410
TRANSFER AS A GOING CONCERN 412
OUTSOURCING 413
CONSEQUENCES OF TRANSFER 415
TRANSFERS OF INSOLVENT BUSINESSES 418
THE OLD SECTION 197 418
AUTOMATICALLY UNFAIR DISMISSALS 419
CHAPTER 24: UNILATERAL CHANGE TO TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT 420
INTRODUCTION 420
THE RETRENCHMENT APPROACH 421
LOCK-OUTS AND UNILATERAL IMPLEMENTATION 424
THE DISPUTE OF INTEREST APPROACH 427
THE MISCONDUCT APPROACH 428
CONCLUSION 430
CHAPTER 25: OTHER REASONS FOR DISMISSAL 432
INTRODUCTION 432
XIV DISMISSAL, DISCRIMINATION AND UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES
INCOMPATIBILITY 432
DISMISSAL AT THE BEHEST OF THIRD PARTIES 434
BREAKDOWN OF TRUST 438
TEAM LIABILITY 439
DISMISSAL ON THE BASIS OF PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 440
DISMISSAL IN TERMS OF CLOSED SHOP AGREEMENTS 440
DISMISSAL AS A RESULT OF NEW LEGISLATION 441
TERMINATION AS A RESULT OF THE EMPLOYER S INSOLVENCY 442
CHAPTER 26: DISMISSAL OF UNPROTECTED STRIKERS 444
INTRODUCTION 444
BACKGROUND 444
THE CODE OF GOOD PRACTICE: DISMISSAL 446
WHAT IS A STRIKE? 447
NON-COMPLIANCE WITH THE LRA 447
UNJUSTIFIED CONDUCT BY THE EMPLOYER 449
THE DURATION OF THE STRIKE 451
THE HARM CAUSED BY THE STRIKE 451
THE LEGITIMACY OF THE STRIKERS DEMANDS 451
THE TIMING OF THE STRIKE 452
THE CONDUCT OF THE STRIKERS 453
PARITY PRINCIPLE 454
PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS IN STRIKE DISMISSALS 454
CONTACT WITH THE STRIKERS UNION 454
FAIR ULTIMATUM 455
WAIVER OF THE RIGHT TO DISMISS STRIKERS 460
PRE-DISMISSAL HEARINGS 463
THE PARTIES CONDUCT AFTER THE STRIKE 469
DISMISSAL FOR OTHER FORMS OF COLLECTIVE ACTION 470
PROTEST ACTION 470
REFUSAL TO WORK NOT AMOUNTING TO STRIKE OR PROTEST ACTION 472
PART F: PROCEDURES, REMEDIES AND COSTS
CHAPTER 27: PROCEDURES FOR CHALLENGING DISMISSALS AND UNFAIR
LABOUR PRACTICES 475
INTRODUCTION 475
SECTION 191 475
INITIATING THE ACTION 476
CONCILIATION 477
CON-ARB 478
SETTLEMENT 478
ADJUDICATION OR ARBITRATION? 479
ARBITRATION 480
STATUTORY ARBITRATION 480
PRIVATE ARBITRATION 482
ADJUDICATION 482
LABOUR COURT 482
TABLE OF CONTENTS XV
HIGH COURT 484
REVIEW 492
APPEAL 494
LABOUR APPEAL COURT 494
THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEAL 494
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 494
CHAPTER 28: REMEDIES 496
INTERIM RELIEF 496
STATUTORY RELIEF 497
REINSTATEMENT 498
RE-EMPLOYMENT 499
WHEN NEITHER REINSTATEMENT NOR RE-EMPLOYMENT CAN BE ORDERED 500
COMPENSATION 500
COMPENSATION UNDER THE ORIGINAL SECTION 194 500
COMPENSATION UNDER THE AMENDED SECTION 194 508
OTHER ORDERS 510
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 511
SEVERANCE PAY 511
CHAPTER 29: COSTS 513
INTRODUCTION 513
LABOUR COURT 513
THE CCMA AND BARGAINING COUNCILS 515
PRIVATE ARBITRATION 516
APPENDIX 1: SECTION OF THE LRA REVELENT TO DISMISSAL 517
APPENDIX 2: CODE OF GOOD PRACTICE: DISMISSAL 532
APPENDIX 3: CODE OF GOOD PRACTICE ON DISMISSAL BASED ON OPERATIONAL
REQUIREMENTS 538
INDEX 541
|
| adam_txt |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE V
LIST OF ACRONYMS XVII
TABLE OF STATUTES XIX
TABLE OF CASES XXIII
PART A: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION, OVERVIEW AND BACKGROUND 1
OVERVIEW 3
BACKGROUND 4
CHAPTER 2: THE SCOPE OF THE LABOUR RELATIONS ACT 9
INTRODUCTION 9
DISPUTES THAT AROSE PRIOR TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE ACT 9
TIME LIMITATIONS 11
TERRITORIAL LIMITATIONS 12
LIMITATIONS AS TO PERSONS 13
EMPLOYEES 13
APPLICANTS FOR EMPLOYMENT 21
EMPLOYERS 22
LABOUR BROKERS 23
SELECTIVE RE-EMPLOYMENT AND THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP 25
CATEGORIES OF EMPLOYEES 26
TEMPORARY AND 'CASUAL' EMPLOYEES 27
ACTING EMPLOYEES 29
PROBATIONARY EMPLOYEES 29
MANAGERIAL EMPLOYEES 32
ILLEGAL CONTRACTS 34
FOREIGN NATIONALS 34
PART B: UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES
CHAPTER 3: WHAT IS AN UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICE? 37
INTRODUCTION 37
DEFINITION OF 'UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICE' 38
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 38
'LABOUR PRACTICE' 38
'ACT OR OMISSION' 40
'BETWEEN AN EMPLOYER AND AN EMPLOYEE' 40
'INVOLVING' 40
'UNFAIR CONDUCT' 41
UNFAIR CONDUCT AND UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION 42
ONUS OF PROOF 43
UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES AND DISPUTES OF INTEREST 44
UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES AND CONTRACTUAL RIGHTS 45
UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES AND THE CONSTITUTION 47
VII
VIII DISMISSAL, DISCRIMINATION AND UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES
CHAPTER 4: SPECIFIC FORMS OF UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICE 48
INTRODUCTION 48
PROMOTION 48
DEMOTION 54
PROBATION 55
TRAINING 56
PROVISION OF BENEFITS 57
UNFAIR SUSPENSION 61
DISCIPLINARY ACTION SHORT OF DISMISSAL 64
FAILURE TO RE-EMPLOY IN TERMS OF AN AGREEMENT 69
PROTECTED DISCLOSURES 71
CHAPTER 5: NON-STATUTORY UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES 72
INTRODUCTION 72
UNILATERAL VARIATION OF CONDITIONS OF SERVICE 73
PENSION RIGHTS 75
TRANSFERS 79
REFUSAL TO BARGAIN 80
PART C: UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION
CHAPTER 6: UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION 87
INTRODUCTION 87
UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION 87
EMPLOYMENT POLICY OR PRACTICE 89
PROHIBITED GROUNDS 90
DIRECT AND INDIRECT DISCRIMINATION 92
SHIELD OR SWORD? 93
DEFENCES 99
GENERAL DEFENCES 99
AGREEMENT 100
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION 101
INHERENT REQUIREMENTS OF THE JOB 107
CHAPTER 7: PROHIBITED GROUNDS 112
INTRODUCTION 112
AGE '.".".'.'.'.'.'.'.' 112
EXPERIENCE 114
HIV/AIDS U5
POLITICAL OPINION 115
PREGNANCY, MARITAL STATUS, FAMILY RESPONSIBILITY 116
RELIGION 116
RACE H7
SEX, GENDER AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION 118
CHAPTER 8: SPECIFIC DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES 121
INTRODUCTION 121
RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION 122
REMUNERATION AND BENEFITS 126
TABLE OF CONTENTS IX
HARASSMENT 129
MEDICAL AND PHSYCHOMETRIC TESTING 130
PART D: VICTIMISATION
CHAPTER 9: VICTIMISATION 135
INTRODUCTION 135
FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION 135
EXERCISE OF STATUTORY RIGHTS 137
PART E: DISMISSAL
CHAPTER 10: WAS THERE A DISMISSAL? 141
INTRODUCTION 141
THE STATUTORY DEFINITION OF DISMISSAL 141
WHO CAN BE DISMISSED? 142
TERMINATION OF THE CONTRACT BY THE EMPLOYER 144
NON-RENEWAL OF FIXED-TERM CONTRACTS 149
MATERNITY LEAVE 153
SELECTION NON-RE-EMPLOYMENT 154
CONSTRUCTIVE DISMISSAL 157
SECTION 197 DISMISSALS 163
NON-STATUTORY MEANS OF TERMINATION 163
IMPOSSIBILITY OF PERFORMANCE 164
INSOLVENCY 164
SETTLEMENT OR WAIVER 165
DISSOLUTION OF CONTRACTS THAT ARE VOID AB INITIO 166
TERMINATION BY OPERATION OF LAW 166
ONUS OF PROVING DISMISSAL 168
CHAPTER 11: WHEN DID THE DISMISSAL OCCUR? 169
INTRODUCTION 169
SECTION 190 169
TERMINATION WITH OR WITHOUT NOTICE 169
THE EFFECT OF APPEALS 171
OTHER FORMS OF DISMISSAL 173
CHAPTER 12: UNFAIR DISMISSALS 175
INTRODUCTION 175
UNLAWFUL AND UNFAIR DISMISSALS 175
SCHEME OF THE LRA 175
CATEGORIES OF UNFAIR DISMISSALS 176
FAIR REASON 176
FAIR PROCEDURE 179
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUBSTANTIVE AND PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS 180
CHAPTER 13: AUTOMATICALLY UNFAIR DISMISSALS 182
INTRODUCTION 182
DISMISSAL CONTRARY TO SECTION 5 184
X DISMISSAL, DISCRIMINATION AND UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES
DISMISSAL FOR UNION ACTIVITIES 185
CLOSED SHOP DISMISSALS 186
PARTICIPATION IN LAWFUL STRIKES 186
REFUSAL TO PRFORM THE WORK OF STRIKERS OR LOCKED OUT EMPLOYEES 193
TO COMPEL THE EMPLOYEE TO ACCEPT A DEMAND 194
DISMISSAL FOR EXERCISING RIGHTS 198
PREGNANCY 198
DISCRIMINATORY DISMISSALS 200
DISCRIMINATION 201
DIRECT AND INDIRECT DISCRIMINATION 205
UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION 206
DEFENCES 207
INHERENT REQUIREMENTS OF THE JOB 208
RETIREMENT 209
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION 211
TRANSFERS OF BUSINESS 212
WHISTLEBLOWERS 214
CHAPTER 14: DISMISSAL FOR MISCONDUCT 216
INTRODUCTION 216
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS IN MISCONDUCT CASES 216
EXISTENCE OF A RULE 217
CONTRAVENTION OF THE RULE 219
ONUS OF PROOF 220
STANDARD OF PROOF 220
KNOWLEDGE OF THE RULE 222
CONSISTENCY 223
APPROPRIATE SANCTION 226
WHETHER THE SANCTION WAS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE EMPLOYER'S DISCIPLINARY
CODE 228
WHETHER A LESSER SANCTION WOULD HAVE SERVED THE PURPOSE 228
WHETHER THE EMPLOYER COULD REASONABLY HAVE BEEN EXPECTED TO CONTINUE
WITH
THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP 230
THE GRAVITY OF THE OFFENCE 230
THE EMPLOYEE'S DISCIPLINARY RECORD 231
THE EMPLOYEE'S LENGTH OF SERVICE 234
MITIGATING AND AGGRAVATING FACTORS 235
THE EMPLOYEE'S PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 236
CHAPTER 15: SPECIFIC FORMS OF MISCONDUCT 237
INTRODUCTION 237
ABSENCE FROM WORK 237
ABUSIVE LANGUAGE AND RACIST COMMENTS 239
ASSAULT 241
COMPETING WITH THE EMPLOYER/CONFLICT OF INTEREST 243
DAMAGE TO PROPERTY 245
DISCLOSING CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 245
DISHONESTY 246
TABLE OF CONTENTS XI
DRUG USE 247
DRINKING ON DUTY 248
FALSIFICATION OF RECORDS 251
FRAUD 251
BRINGING THE EMPLOYER'S NAME INTO DISREPUTE 253
INSUBORDINATION/INSOLENCE 253
NEGLIGENCE/POOR WORK PERFORMANCE 257
SEXUAL HARASSMENT 259
SLEEPING ON DUTY 262
THEFT/UNAUTHORISED POSSESSION 263
UNAUTHORISED USE OF THE EMPLOYER'S PROPERTY 266
MISCELLANEOUS OFFENCES 267
CHAPTER 16: PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS IN MISCONDUCT CASES 268
INTRODUCTION 268
INVESTIGATION OF THE OFFENCE 269
ENTRAPMENT 270
LIE DETECTORS 273
FAIR HEARING 274
SUMMARY 274
THE ROLE OF DISCIPLINARY CODES 276
ADEQUATE NOTICE 277
THE EMPLOYEE SHOULD BE PRESENT AT THE HEARING 279
REPRESENTATION 280
THE PRESIDING OFFICER SHOULD KEEP MINUTES 282
THE PRESIDING OFFICER MUST BE IMPARTIAL 283
THE DECISION 287
THE RIGHT TO APPEAL 288
DOUBLE JEOPARDY 292
WHEN DISCIPLINARY HEARINGS MAY BE DISPENSED WITH ENTIRELY 297
PROCEDURAL ISSUES IN MASS DISMISSALS 300
CONSEQUENCES OF PROCEDURAL UNFAIRNESS 301
CHAPTER 17: GROUP MISCONDUCT 302
INTRODUCTION 302
SELECTION FOR DISCIPLINE 302
'COLLECTIVE GUILT' 303
'DERIVATIVE MISCONDUCT' 304
COMMON PURPOSE 306
'TEAM LIABILITY' 308
SANCTION 312
CHAPTER 18: MISCONDUCT OUTSIDE WORKING HOURS AND CRIMINAL CONDUCT 314
INTRODUCTION 314
MISCONDUCT OUTSIDE THE WORKPLACE 314
CRIMINAL CONDUCT 316
PAST CRIMINAL OFFENCES 317
CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AND DISCIPLINARY ACTION 317
XII DISMISSAL, DISCRIMINATION AND UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES
PENDING CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS 318
OUTCOMES OF CRIMINAL AND DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS 321
CHAPTER 19: DISCIPLINE AND SHOP STEWARDS 324
INTRODUCTION 324
STATUTORY PROTECTION 325
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 325
VICTIMISATION 325
MISCONDUCT BY SHOP STEWARDS WHILE PERFORMING THEIR DUTIES 327
ABSENCE FROM WORK AND ATTENDANCE AT MEETINGS 332
REPRESENTATION AT DISCIPLINARY HEARINGS 333
CONSISTENCY 334
PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS 335
FAILURE TO DISCHARGE DUTIES 335
CHAPTER 20: DISMISSAL FOR POOR WORK PERFORMANCE 337
INTRODUCTION 337
SUBSTANTIVE FAIRNESS 338
SENIOR AND PROBATIONARY EMPLOYEES 344
AWARENESS OF THE PERFORMANCE STANDARD 345
REASONABLE OPPORTUNITY TO IMPROVE 346
APPROPRIATE SANCTION 346
PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS 347
FAIR APPRAISAL 348
INITIAL WARNING 348
COUNSELLING AND ASSISTANCE 349
REASONABLE OPPORTUNITY TO IMPROVE 349
FINAL WARNING 349
HEARING 350
CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES 350
CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH PROCEDURE MAY BE DISPENSED WITH 351
CHAPTER 21: INCAPACITY ARISING FROM ILLNESS OR INJURY 352
INTRODUCTION 352
THE NATURE OF THE INCAPACITY 353
ASCERTAINING WHETHER THE EMPLOYEE IS CAPABLE OF DOING THE JOB 354
THE SERIOUSNESS OF THE INCAPACITY 356
ALTERNATIVE/ADAPTED EMPLOYMENT 357
WHEN TERMINATION IS FAIR 358
CHAPTER 22: DISMISSAL FOR OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS 359
INTRODUCTION 359
WHAT IS RETRENCHMENT? 361
SECTION 189OFTHELRA '.'. . . 365
THE SCOPE OF SECTION 189 366
THE REASON FOR RETRENCHMENT 369
PRE-TERMINATION CONSULTATION 375
LARGE-SCALE RETRENCHMENTS 378
TABLE OF CONTENTS XIII
WHEN CONSULTATION MUST COMMENCE 380
PRIOR NOTICE 383
WHO MUST BE CONSULTED? 383
THE SUBJECTS FOR CONSULTATION 386
THE DECISION TO RETRENCH 387
AVOIDING OR MINIMISING THE NUMBER OF DISMISSALS 388
MORATORIUM ON HIRING NEW EMPLOYEES 389
SHEDDING OF CONTRACT WORKERS 389
ELIMINATION OF OVERTIME 389
VOLUNTARY RETRENCHMENT 389
EXTENDED UNPAID LEAVE OR TEMPORARY LAY-OFF 390
EARLY RETIREMENT 390
REDUCTION OF WORKING HOURS 390
RE-DEPLOYMENT OR TRANSFER 390
UNILATERAL AMENDMENT OF EMPLOYEES' CONDITIONS OF SERVICE 390
CHANGING THE TIMING OF DISMISSALS 392
MITIGATING THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DISMISSALS 392
SEVERANCE PAY 392
THE SUFFICIENCY OF CONSULTATION 393
DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION 393
THE FINAL DECISION 395
CORRECTING A FLAWED PROCESS 395
FAIR SELECTION CRITERIA 395
'BUMPING' 399
SEVERANCE PAY 401
OFFERS OF RE-EMPLOYMENT 406
THE 'NO DIFFERENCE' PRINCIPLE 407
CHAPTER 23: CLOSURES, MERGERS AND SALES OF BUSINESSES 409
INTRODUCTION 409
TRANSFERS OF SOLVENT BUSINESSES 410
'BUSINESS' 410
TRANSFER AS A GOING CONCERN 412
OUTSOURCING 413
CONSEQUENCES OF TRANSFER 415
TRANSFERS OF INSOLVENT BUSINESSES 418
THE OLD SECTION 197 418
AUTOMATICALLY UNFAIR DISMISSALS 419
CHAPTER 24: UNILATERAL CHANGE TO TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT 420
INTRODUCTION 420
THE RETRENCHMENT APPROACH 421
LOCK-OUTS AND UNILATERAL IMPLEMENTATION 424
THE 'DISPUTE OF INTEREST' APPROACH 427
THE MISCONDUCT APPROACH 428
CONCLUSION 430
CHAPTER 25: OTHER REASONS FOR DISMISSAL 432
INTRODUCTION 432
XIV DISMISSAL, DISCRIMINATION AND UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES
INCOMPATIBILITY 432
DISMISSAL AT THE BEHEST OF THIRD PARTIES 434
BREAKDOWN OF TRUST 438
'TEAM LIABILITY' 439
DISMISSAL ON THE BASIS OF PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 440
DISMISSAL IN TERMS OF CLOSED SHOP AGREEMENTS 440
DISMISSAL AS A RESULT OF NEW LEGISLATION 441
TERMINATION AS A RESULT OF THE EMPLOYER'S INSOLVENCY 442
CHAPTER 26: DISMISSAL OF UNPROTECTED STRIKERS 444
INTRODUCTION 444
BACKGROUND 444
THE CODE OF GOOD PRACTICE: DISMISSAL 446
WHAT IS A STRIKE? 447
NON-COMPLIANCE WITH THE LRA 447
UNJUSTIFIED CONDUCT BY THE EMPLOYER 449
THE DURATION OF THE STRIKE 451
THE HARM CAUSED BY THE STRIKE 451
THE 'LEGITIMACY' OF THE STRIKERS' DEMANDS 451
THE TIMING OF THE STRIKE 452
THE CONDUCT OF THE STRIKERS 453
PARITY PRINCIPLE 454
PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS IN STRIKE DISMISSALS 454
CONTACT WITH THE STRIKERS' UNION 454
FAIR ULTIMATUM 455
WAIVER OF THE RIGHT TO DISMISS STRIKERS 460
PRE-DISMISSAL HEARINGS 463
THE PARTIES' CONDUCT AFTER THE STRIKE 469
DISMISSAL FOR OTHER FORMS OF COLLECTIVE ACTION 470
PROTEST ACTION 470
REFUSAL TO WORK NOT AMOUNTING TO STRIKE OR PROTEST ACTION 472
PART F: PROCEDURES, REMEDIES AND COSTS
CHAPTER 27: PROCEDURES FOR CHALLENGING DISMISSALS AND UNFAIR
LABOUR PRACTICES 475
INTRODUCTION 475
SECTION 191 475
INITIATING THE ACTION 476
CONCILIATION 477
'CON-ARB' 478
SETTLEMENT 478
ADJUDICATION OR ARBITRATION? 479
ARBITRATION 480
STATUTORY ARBITRATION 480
PRIVATE ARBITRATION 482
ADJUDICATION 482
LABOUR COURT 482
TABLE OF CONTENTS XV
HIGH COURT 484
REVIEW 492
APPEAL 494
LABOUR APPEAL COURT 494
THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEAL 494
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 494
CHAPTER 28: REMEDIES 496
INTERIM RELIEF 496
STATUTORY RELIEF 497
REINSTATEMENT 498
RE-EMPLOYMENT 499
WHEN NEITHER REINSTATEMENT NOR RE-EMPLOYMENT CAN BE ORDERED 500
COMPENSATION 500
COMPENSATION UNDER THE ORIGINAL SECTION 194 500
COMPENSATION UNDER THE AMENDED SECTION 194 508
OTHER ORDERS 510
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 511
SEVERANCE PAY 511
CHAPTER 29: COSTS 513
INTRODUCTION 513
LABOUR COURT 513
THE CCMA AND BARGAINING COUNCILS 515
PRIVATE ARBITRATION 516
APPENDIX 1: SECTION OF THE LRA REVELENT TO DISMISSAL 517
APPENDIX 2: CODE OF GOOD PRACTICE: DISMISSAL 532
APPENDIX 3: CODE OF GOOD PRACTICE ON DISMISSAL BASED ON OPERATIONAL
REQUIREMENTS 538
INDEX 541 |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:38:40Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:38:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Grogan, John Verfasser aut Dismissal, discrimination and unfair labour practices by John Grogan 1. publ. Lansdowne Juta 2005 LII, 549 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Recht Employees Dismissal of Law and legislation South Africa Labor laws and legislation South Africa Unfair labor practices South Africa Südafrika (Staat) SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014787609&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Grogan, John Dismissal, discrimination and unfair labour practices Recht Employees Dismissal of Law and legislation South Africa Labor laws and legislation South Africa Unfair labor practices South Africa |
| title | Dismissal, discrimination and unfair labour practices |
| title_auth | Dismissal, discrimination and unfair labour practices |
| title_exact_search | Dismissal, discrimination and unfair labour practices |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Dismissal, discrimination and unfair labour practices |
| title_full | Dismissal, discrimination and unfair labour practices by John Grogan |
| title_fullStr | Dismissal, discrimination and unfair labour practices by John Grogan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dismissal, discrimination and unfair labour practices by John Grogan |
| title_short | Dismissal, discrimination and unfair labour practices |
| title_sort | dismissal discrimination and unfair labour practices |
| topic | Recht Employees Dismissal of Law and legislation South Africa Labor laws and legislation South Africa Unfair labor practices South Africa |
| topic_facet | Recht Employees Dismissal of Law and legislation South Africa Labor laws and legislation South Africa Unfair labor practices South Africa Südafrika (Staat) |
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