Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change
The authors provide a detailed account of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere for graduate students, professionals and libraries involved in environmental, civil and chemical engineering projects and studies.
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hoboken, NJ
Wiley
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | A Wiley-Interscience publication
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | The authors provide a detailed account of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere for graduate students, professionals and libraries involved in environmental, civil and chemical engineering projects and studies. |
| Beschreibung: | XXVIII, 1203 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0471720178 0471720186 9780471720171 9780471720188 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Atmospheric chemistry and physics |b from air pollution to climate change |c John H. Seinfeld ; Spyros N. Pandis |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
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| 300 | |a XXVIII, 1203 S. |b graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a A Wiley-Interscience publication | |
| 520 | 3 | |a The authors provide a detailed account of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere for graduate students, professionals and libraries involved in environmental, civil and chemical engineering projects and studies. | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Atmospheric chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Air |x Pollution |x Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental chemistry | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION VII* PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
IX* 1 THE ATMOSPHERE 1* 1.1 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH S
ATMOSPHERE 1.2 CLIMATE 4* 1.3 THE LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE 6* 1.4
PRESSURE IN THE ATMOSPHERE 8* 1.4.1 UNITS OF PRESSURE 8* 1.4.2 VARIATION
OF PRESSURE WITH HEIGHT IN THE ATMOSPHERE 9* 1.5 TEMPERATURE IN THE
ATMOSPHERE 11* 1.6 EXPRESSING THE AMOUNT OF A SUBSTANCE IN THE
ATMOSPHERE 12* 1.7 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES OF ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES
16* PROBLEMS 19* REFERENCES 20* 2 ATMOSPHERIC TRACE CONSTITUENTS 21* 2.1
ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME 22* 2.2 SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS 27* 2.2.1
DIMETHYL SULFIDE (CH3SCH3) 31* 2.2.2 CARBONYL SULFIDE (OCS) 32* 2.2.3
SULFUR DIOXIDE (SOZ) 33* 2.3 NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS 33* 2.3.1
NITROUS OXIDE (NZO) 35* 2.3.2 NITROGEN OXIDES (NO, = NO + NOZ) 36* 2.3.3
REACTIVE ODD NITROGEN (NO Y ) 37* 2.3.4 AMMONIA (NH3) 38* 2.4
CARBON-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS 38* 2.4.1 CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBONS 38*
2.4.2 METHANE 41* 2.4.3 VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 43* 2.4.4 BIOGENIE
HYDROCARBONS 43* 2.4.5 CARBON MONOXIDE 46* 2.4.6 CARBON DIOXIDE 47* 2.5
HALOGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS 47* 2.5.1 METHYL CHLORIDE (CH3CL) 50* 2.5.2
METHYL BROMIDE (CH3BR) 51* XIII XIV CONTENTS 2.6 ATMOSPHERIC OZONE 52*
2.7 PARTICULATE MATTER (AEROSOLS) 55* 2.7.1 STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL 57*
2.7.2 CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL 57* 2.7.3 CLOUD
CONDENSATION NUCLEI (CCN) 58* 2.7.4 SIZES OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES 58*
2.7.5 SOURCES OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER 60* 2.7.6 CARBONACEOUS
PARTICLES 60* 2.7.7 MINERAL DUST 61* 2.8 EMISSION INVENTARIES 62* 2.9
BIOMASS BURNING 63* APPENDIX 2.1 AIR POLLUTION LEGISLATION 63* APPENDIX
2.2 HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (AIR TOXICS) 65* PROBLEMS 69* REFERENCES
70* 3 CHEMICAL KINETICS 75* 3.1 ORDER OF REACTION 75* 3.2 THEORIES OF
CHEMICAL KINETICS 77* 3.2.1 COLLISION THEORY 77* 3.2.2 TRANSITION STATE
THEARY 80* 3.2.3 POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACE FOR A BIMOLECULAR REACTION 82*
3.3 THE PSEUDO-STEADY-STATE APPROXIMATION 83* 3.4 REACTIONS OF EXCITED
SPECIES 84* 3.5 TERMOLECULAR REACTIONS 85* 3.6 CHEMICAL FAMILIES 89* 3.7
GAS-SURFACE REACTIONS 91* APPENDIX 3 FREE RADICALS 93* PROBLEMS 93*
REFERENCES 96* 4 ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY 98* 4.1
RADIATION 98* 4.1.1 SOLAR AND TERRESTRIAL RADIATION 100* 4.1.2 ENERGY
BALANCE FAR EARTH AND ATMOSPHERE 101* 4.1.3 SOLAR VARIABILITY 105* 4.2
RADIATIVE FLUX IN THE ATMOSPHERE 106* 4.3 BEER-LAMBERT LAW AND OPTICAL
DEPTH 108* 4.4 ACTINIC FLUX 111* 4.5 ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY 114* 4.6
ABSORPTION OF RADIATION BY ATMOSPHERIC GASES 117* 4.7 ABSORPTION BY O2
AND 0 3 122* 4.8 PHOTOLYSIS RATE AS A FUNCTION OF ALTITUDE 126* 4.9
PHOTODISSOCIATION OF 0 3 TO PRODUCE 0 AND OED) 128* 4.10
PHOTODISSOCIATION OF N02 131* PROBLEMS 135* REFERENCES 136* CONTENTS XV*
5 CHEMISTRY OF THE STRATOSPHERE 138* 5.1* OVERVIEW OF STRATOSPHERIC
CHEMISTRY 138* 5.2* CHAPMAN MECHANISM 142* 5.3* NITROGEN OXIDE CYC1ES
151* 5.3.1* STRATOSPHERIC SOURCE OF NO X FROM N20 151* 5.3.2* NO X
CYC1ES 154* 5.4* HOX CYC1ES 156* 5.5* HALOGEN CYC1ES 162* 5.5.1*
CHLORINE CYC1ES 162* 5.5.2* BROMINE CYC1ES 166* 5.6* RESERVOIR SPECIES
AND COUPLING OF THE CYC1ES 167* 5.7* OZANE HOLE 169* 5.7.1* POLAR
STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS 173* 5.7.2* PSCS AND THE OZANE HOLE 174* 5.7.3*
ARCTIC OZONE HOLE 178* 5.8 HETEROGENEOUS (NONPOLAR) STRATOSPHERIC
CHEMISTRY 179* 5.8.1* THE STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL LAYER 179* 5.8.2*
HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS OF N20 S 180* 5.8.3* EFFECT OF VOLCANOES ON
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE 185* 5.9* SUMMARY OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION
188* 5.10* TRANSPORT AND MIXING IN THE STRATOSPHERE 191* 5.11 OZONE
DEPLETION POTENTIAL 193* PROBLEMS 195* REFERENCES 200* 6 CHEMISTRY OF
THE TROPOSPHERE* 204* 6.1* PRODUCTION OF HYDROXYL RADICALS IN THE
TROPOSPHERE 205* 6.2* BASIC PHOTOCHEMICAL CYCLE OF N02 , NO, AND 0 3
209* 6.3* ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF CARBON MONOXIDE 211* 6.3.1* LOW NO X
LIMIT 214* 6.3.2* HIGH NO, LIMIT 214* 6.3.3* OZANE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY
215* 6.3.4* THEORETICAL MAXIMUM YIELD OF OZANE* FROM CO OXIDATION 219*
6.4* ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF METHANE 219* 6.5* THE NO X AND NO Y
FAMILIES 224* 6.5.1* DAYTIME BEHAVIOR 224* 6.5.2* NIGHTTIME BEHAVIOR
225* 6.6* OZONE BUDGET OF THE TROPOSPHERE AND ROLE OF NO X 227* 6.6.1*
OZANE BUDGET OF THE TROPOSPHERE 227* 6.6.2* ROLE OF NO X 228* 6.7*
TROPOSPHERIC RESERVOIR MO1ECULES 231* 6.7.1* H20 2, CH300H, AND HONO
231* 6.7.2* PEROXYACYL NITRATES (PANS) 231* XVI CONTENTS 6.8 RELATIVE
ROLES OF VOC AND NO X IN OZANE FORMATION 235* 6.8.1* IMPORTANCE OF THE
VOCINO X RATIO 235* 6.8.2* OZANE ISOPLETH PLOT 236* 6.9 SIMPLIFIED
ORGANICLNO X CHEMISTRY 239* 6.10 CHEMISTRY OF NONMETHANE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS IN THE TROPOSPHERE 242* 6.10.1* ALKANES 242* 6.10.2* ALKENES
247* 6.10.3* AROMATICS 254* 6.10.4* ALDEHYDES 258* 6.10.5* KETONES 259*
6.10.6* R:J., SS-UNSATURATED CARBONYLS 260* 6.10.7* ETHERS 260* 6.1 0.8*
ALCOHOLS 261* 6.11 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS 261*
6.12 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF REDUCED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS 265* 6.12.1*
AMINES 265* 6.12.2* NITRILES 266* 6.12.3* NITRITES 266* 6.13 ATMOSPHERIC
CHEMISTRY (GAS PHASE) OF SULFUR COMPOUNDS 266* 6.13.1* SULFUR OXIDES
266* 6.13.2* REDUCED SULFUR COMPOUNDS (DIMETHYL SULFIDE) 267* 6.14
TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF HALOGEN COMPOUNDS 270* 6.14.1* CHEMICAL CYCLES
OF HALOGEN SPECIES 270* 6.14.2* TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF CFC
REPLACEMENTS:* HYDROFLUOROCARBONS (HFCS) AND* HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
(HCFCS) 272* PROBLEMS 275* REFERENCES 279* 7 CHEMISTRY OF THE
ATMOSPHERIC AQUEOUS PHASE* 284* 7.1 LIQUID WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE 284*
7.2 ABSORPTION EQUILIBRIA AND HENRY S LAW 286* 7.3 AQUEOUS-PHASE
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA 291* 7.3.1* WATER 291* 7.3.2* CARBON DIOXIDE-WATER
EQUILIBRIUM 292* 7.3.3* SULFUR DIOXIDE-WATER EQUILIBRIUM 294* 7.3.4*
AMMONIA-WATER EQUILIBRIUM 299* 7.3.5* NITRIC ACID-WATER EQUILIBRIUM 299*
7.3.6 EQUILIBRIA OF OTHER IMPORTANT ATMOSPHERIC GASES 302* 7.4
AQUEOUS-PHASE REACTION RATES 306* 7.5 S(IV)-S(VI) TRANSFORMATION AND
SULFUR CHEMISTRY 308* 7.5.1* OXIDATION OF S(IV) BY DISSOLVED 0 3 308*
7.5.2* OXIDATION OF S(IV) BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 311* 7.5.3* OXIDATION OF
S(IV) BY ORGANIC PEROXIDES 312* 7.5.4* UNCATALYZED OXIDATION OF S(IV) BY
O2 313* CONTENTS XVII 7.5.5* OXIDATION OF S(IV) BY O2 CATALYZED* BY IRON
AND MANGANESE 314* 7.5.6* COMPARISON OF AQUEOUS-PHASE* S(IV) OXIDATION
PATHS 316* 7.6* DYNAMIE BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS WITH* AQUEOUS-PHASE
CHEMIEAL REAETIONS 318* 7.6.1* CLOSED SYSTEM 319* 7.6.2* CALCULATION OF
CONEENTRATION CHANGES IN A* DROPLET WITH AQUEOUS-PHASE REAETIONS 321*
APPENDIX 7.1 THERMODYNAMIE AND KINETIE DATA 325* APPENDIX 7.2 ADDITIONAL
AQUEOUS-PHASE SULFUR CHEMISTRY 328* 7AI S(IV) OXIDATION BY THE OH
RADICA1 328* 7A2 OXIDATION OF S(IV) BY OXIDES OF NITROGEN 334* 7A3
REAETION OF DISSOLVED S02 WITH HCHO 334* APPENDIX 7.3 AQUEOUS-PHASE
NITRITE AND NITRATE CHEMISTRY 336* 7.A.4* NO X OXIDATION 336* 7.A.5
NITROGEN RADIEALS 337* APPENDIX 7.4 AQUEOUS-PHASE ORGANIE CHEMISTRY 338*
APPENDIX 7.5 OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN CHEMISTRY 339* PROBLEMS 340* REFERENEES
343* 8 PROPERTIES OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL* 350* 8.1* THE SIZE
DISTRIBUTION FUNETION 350* 8.1.1* THE NUMBER DISTRIBUTION NT-I.PP ) 353*
8.1.2* THE SURFAEE AREA, VOLUME, AND MASS DISTRIBUTIONS 355* 8.1.3*
DISTRIBUTIONS BASED ON IN DP AND LOG DP 358* 8.1.4* RELATING SIZE
DISTRIBUTIONS BASED ON* DIFFERENT INDEPENDENT VARIABLES 359* 8.1.5*
PROPERTIES OF SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS 360* 8.1.6* THE LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION
362* 8.1.7* PLOTTING THE LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION 365* 8.1.8* PROPERTIES
OF THE LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION 366* 8.2* AMBIENT AEROSOL SIZE
DISTRIBUTIONS 368* 8.2.1* URBAN AEROSOLS 370* 8.2.2* MARINE AEROSOLS
374* 8.2.3* RURAL CONTINENTAL AEROSOLS 375* 8.2.4* REMOTE CONTINENTAL
AEROSOLS 376* 8.2.5* FREE TROPOSPHERIE AEROSOLS 376* 8.2.6* POLAR
AEROSOLS 378* 8.2.7* DESERT AEROSOLS 379* 8.3* AEROSOL CHEMIEAL
COMPOSITION 381* 8.4* SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION 384* 8.5 VERTIEAL
VARIATION 388* PROBLEMS 389* REFERENEES 393* XVIII* CONTENTS 9 DYNAMICS
OF SINGLE AEROSOL PARTICLES* 396* 9.1* CONTINUUM AND NONCONTINUUM
DYNAMICS:* THE MEAN FREE PATH 396* 9.2* THE DRAG ON A SINGLE PARTICLE:
STOKES LAW 403* 9.2.1* CORRECTIONS TO STOKES LAW: THE DRAG COEFFICIENT
405* 9.2.2* STOKES LAW AND NONCONTINUUM EFFECTS:* SLIP CORRECTION
FACTOR 406* 9.3* GRAVITATIONAL SETTLING OF AN AEROSOL PARTICLE 407* 9.4*
MOTION OF AN AEROSOL PARTICLE IN AN EXTERNAL FORCE FIELD 411* 9.5*
BROWNIAN MOTION OF AEROSOL PARTICLES 412* 9.5.1* PARTICLE DIFFUSION 415*
9.5.2* AEROSOL MOBILITY AND DRIFT VELOCITY 417* 9.5.3* MEAN FREE PATH OF
AN AEROSOL PARTICLE 420* 9.6* AEROSOL AND FLUID MOTION 422* 9.6.1*
MOTION OF A PARTICLE IN AN IDEALIZED FLOW (90 0 CORNER) 423* 9.6.2* STOP
DISTANCE AND STOKES NUMBER 425* 9.7* EQUIVALENT PARTICLE DIAMETERS 426*
9.7.1* VOLUME EQUIVALENT DIAMETER 426* 9.7.2* STOKES DIAMETER 428*
9.7.3* CLASSICAL AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER 429* 9.7.4 ELECTRICAL MOBILITY
EQUIVALENT DIAMETER 43L* PROBLEMS 431* REFERENCES 432* 10 THERMODYNAMICS
OF AEROSOLS* 434* 10.1* THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES 434* 10.1.1* INTERNAL
ENERGY AND CHEMICAL POTENTIAL 434* 10.1.2* THE GIBBS FREE ENERGY, G 436*
10.1.3* CONDITIONS FOR CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM 438* 10.1.4* CHEMICAL
POTENTIALS OF IDEAL GASES AND* IDEAL-GAS MIXTURES 442* 10.1.5* CHEMICAL
POTENTIAL OF SOLUTIONS 443* 10.1.6* THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT 448* 10.2*
AEROSOL LIQUID WATER CONTENT 449* 10.2.1* CHEMICAL POTENTIAL OF WATER IN
ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES 452* 10.2.2 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE DRH 453*
LO.2.3 DELIQUESCENCE OF MULTICOMPONENT AEROSOLS 455* 10.2.4*
CRYSTALLIZATION OF SINGLE AND MULTICOMPONENT SALTS 460* 10.3*
EQUILIBRIUM VAPOR PRESSURE OVER A CURVED SURFACE:* THE KELVIN EFFECT
461* 10.4* THERMODYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL SYSTEMS 464* 10.4.1*
THE H Z S0 4 -HZ O SYSTEM 464* 10.4.2* THE SULFURIC ACID-AMMONIA-WATER
SYSTEM 470* 10.4.3* THE AMMONIA-NITRIC ACID-WATER SYSTEM 472* 10.4.4*
THE AMMONIA-NITRIC ACID-SULFURIC ACID-WATER SYSTEM 478* CONTENTS XIX
10.4.5* OTHER INORGANIC AEROSOL SPECIES 483* 10.4.6 INORGANIC AEROSOL
THERMODYNAMIC MODELS 484* PROBLEMS 485* REFERENCES 486* 11 NUCLEATION*
489* 11.1* CLASSICAL THEORY OF HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION:* KINETIC APPROACH
491* 11.1.1* THE FORWARD RATE CONSTANT SSI 494* 11.1.2* THE REVERSE RATE
CONSTANT YI 495* 11.1.3* DERIVATION OF THE NUCLEATION RATE 496* 11.2*
CLASSICAL HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION THEORY:* CONSTRAINED EQUILIBRIUM
APPROACH 500* 11.2.1* FREE ENERGY OF I-MER FORMATION 500* 11.2.2*
CONSTRAINED EQUILIBRIUM CLUSTER DISTRIBUTION 502* 11.2.3* THE
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT YI 504* 11.2.4* NUCLEATION RATE 505* 11.3*
RECAPITULATION OF CLASSICAL THEORY 508* 11.4* EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT
OF NUCLEATION RATES 509* 11.4.1* UPWARD THERMAL DIFFUSION CLOUD CHAMBER
510* 11.4.2* FAST EXPANSION CHAMBER 510* 11.4.3* TURBULENT MIXING
CHAMBERS 512* 11.4.4* EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF CLASSICAL* HOMOGENEOUS
NUCLEATION THEORY 512* 11.5* MODIFICATIONS OF THE CLASSICAL THEORY AND
MORE* RIGOROUS APPROACHES 513* 11.6* BINARY HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION 514*
11.7* BINARY NUCLEATION IN THE H2SOC H20 SYSTEM 520* 11.8* HETEROGENEOUS
NUCLEATION 524* 11.8.1* NUCLEATION ON AN INSOLUBLE FOREIGN SURFACE 524*
11.8.2* ION-INDUCED NUCLEATION 526* 11.9 NUCLEATION IN THE ATMOSPHERE
529* APPENDIX 11 THE LAW OF MASS ACTION 531* PROBLEMS 532* REFERENCES
533* 12 MASS TRANSFER ASPECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY* 537* 12.1* MASS
AND HEAT TRANSFER TO ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES 537* 12.1.1* THE CONTINUUM
REGIME 537* 12.1.2* THE KINETIC REGIME 541* 12.1.3* THE TRANSITION
REGIME 542* 12.1.4* THE ACCOMMODATION COEFFICIENT 546* 12.2* MASS
TRANSPORT LIMITATIONS IN AQUEOUS-PHASE CHEMISTRY 547* 12.2.1*
CHARACTERISTIC TIME FOR GAS-PHASE DIFFUSION* TO A PARTICLE 549* XX
CONTENTS 12.2.2* CHARACTERISTIC TIME TO ACHIEVE EQUILIBRIUM* IN THE
GAS-PARTICLE INTERFACE 551* 12.2.3* CHARACTERISTIC TIME OF AQUEOUS
DISSOCIATION REACTIONS 554* 12.2.4* CHARACTERISTIC TIME OF AQUEOUS-PHASE
DIFFUSION* IN A DROPLET 556* 12.2.5* CHARACTERISTIC TIME FOR
AQUEOUS-PHASE* CHEMICAL REACTIONS 557* 12.3 MASS TRANSPORT AND
AQUEOUS-PHASE CHEMISTRY 557* 12.3.1* GAS-PHASE DIFFUSION AND
AQUEOUS-PHASE REACTIONS 558* 12.3.2* AQUEOUS-PHASE DIFFUSION AND
REACTION 560* 12.3.3* INTERFACIAL MASS TRANSPORT AND AQUEOUS-PHASE*
REACTIONS 561* 12.3.4* APPLICATION TO THE S(IV)-OZONE REACTION 564*
12.3.5* APPLICATION TO THE S(IV)-HYDROGEN* PEROXIDE REACTION 566*
12.3.6* CALCULATION OF AQUEOUS-PHASE REACTION RATES 567* 12.3.7* AN
AQUEOUS-PHASE CHEMISTRYLMASS* TRANSPORT MODEL 573* 12.4 MASS TRANSFER TO
FALLING DROPS 574* 12.5 CHARACTERISTIC TIME FOR ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL
EQUILIBRIUM 575* 12.5.1* SOLID AEROSOL PARTICLES 575* 12.5.2 AQUEOUS
AEROSOL PARTICLES 577* APPENDIX 12 SOLUTION OF THE TRANSIENT GAS-PHASE
DIFFUSION PROBLEM* EQUATIONS (12.4)-(12.7) 580* PROBLEMS 582* REFERENCES
584* 13 DYNAMICS OF AEROSOL POPULATIONS* 588* 13.1 MATHEMATICAL
REPRESENTATIONS OF AEROSOL SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS 588* 13.1.1* DISCRETE
DISTRIBUTION 588* 13.1.2* CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTION 589* 13.2 CONDENSATION
589* 13.2.1* THE CONDENSATION EQUATION 589* 13.2.2* SOLUTION OF THE
CONDENSATION EQUATION 592* 13.3 COAGULATION 595* 13.3.1* BROWNIAN
COAGULATION 596* 13.3.2* THE COAGULATION EQUATION 603* 13.3.3* SOLUTION
OF THE COAGULATION EQUATION 606* 13.4 THE DISCRETE GENERAL DYNARNIC
EQUATION 610* 13.5 THE CONTINUOUS GENERAL DYNAMIC EQUATION 612* APPENDIX
13.1 ADDITIONAL MECHANISMS OF COAGULATION 613* 13.A.L* COAGULATION IN
LAMINAR SHEAR FLOW 613* 13.A.2* COAGULATION IN TURBULENT FLOW 614*
13.A.3* COAGULATION FROM GRAVITATIONAL SETTLING 614* 13.A.4* BROWNIAN
COAGULATION AND EXTEMAL FORCE FIELDS 615* CONTENTS XXI APPENDIX 13.2
SOLUTION OF (13.73) 620* PROBLEMS 622* REFERENEES 626* 14 ORGANIC
ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS* 628* 14.1 ORGANIE AEROSOL COMPONENTS 628* 14.2
ELEMENTAL CARBON 628* 14.2.1* FORMATION OF SOOT AND ELEMENTAL CARBON
628* 14.2.2* EMISSION SOUREES OF ELEMENTAL CARBON 630* 14.2.3* AMBIENT
ELEMENTAL CARBON CONEENTRATIONS 632* 14.2.4* AMBIENT ELEMENTAL CARBON
SIZE DISTRIBUTION 633* 14.3 ORGANIE CARBON 634* 14.3.1* AMBIENT AEROSOL
ORGANIE CARBON CONEENTRATIONS 635* 14.3.2* PRIMARY VERSUS SEEONDARY
ORGANIE CARBON 636* 14.4 PRIMARY ORGANIE CARBON 640* 14.4.1* SOUREES
640* 14.4.2* CHEMIEAL COMPOSITION 642* 14.4.3* PRIMARY OC SIZE
DISTRIBUTION 645* 14.5 SEEONDARY ORGANIE CARBON 647* 14.5.1* OVERVIEW OF
SEEONDARY ORGANIE* AEROSOL FORMATION PATHWAYS 647* 14.5.2* DISSOLUTION
AND GAS-PARTICLE* PARTITIONING OF ORGANIE COMPOUNDS 650* 14.5.3*
ADSORPTION AND GAS-PARTICLE PARTITIONING* OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 658*
14.5.4* PRECURSOR VOLATILE ORGANIE COMPOUNDS 661* 14.5.5* SOA YIELDS
664* 14.5.6* CHEMIEAL COMPOSITION 665* 14.5.7* PHYSIEAL PROPERTIES OF
SOA COMPONENTS 666* 14.5.8* PARTICLE-PHASE CHEMISTRY 666* 14.6
POLYEYCLIE AROMATIE HYDROEARBONS (PAHS) 670* 14.6.1* EMISSION SOUREES
671* 14.6.2* SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS 671* 14.6.3* ATMOSPHERIE CHEMISTRY 671*
14.6.4 PARTITIONING BETWEEN GAS AND AEROSOL PHASES 672* APPENDIX 14
MEASUREMENT OF ELEMENTAL AND ORGANIE CARBON 675* PROBLEMS 677*
REFERENEES 678* LS INTERACTION OF AEROSOLS WITH RADIATION* 691* 15.1
SEATTERING AND ABSORPTION OF LIGHT BY SMALL PARTICLES 691* 15.1.1*
RAYLEIGH SEATTERING REGIME 696* 15.1.2* GEOMETRIE SEATTERING REGIME 698*
15.1.3* SEATTERING PHASE FUNETION 700* 15.1.4* EXTINETION BY AN ENSEMBLE
OF PARTIELES 700* XXII CONTENTS 15.2* VISIBILITY 703* 15.3* SCATTERING,
ABSORPTION, AND EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS* FROM MIE THEORY 707* 15.4
CALCULATED VISIBILITY REDUCTION BASED ON ATMOSPHERIC DATA 711* APPENDIX
15 CALCULATION OF SCATTERING AND EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS* BY MIE THEORY
715* PROBLEMS 716* REFERENCES 718* 16 METEOROLOGY OF THE LOCAL SCALE*
720* 16.1* TEMPERATURE IN THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE 722* 16.1.1* TEMPERATURE
VARIATION IN A NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE 722* 16.1.2* POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE
726* 16.1.3* BUOYANCY OF A RISING (OR FALLING)* AIR PARCEL IN THE
ATMOSPHERE 727* 16.2* ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY 729* 16.3* MICROMETEOROLOGY
732* 16.3.1* BASIC EQUATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC FLUID MECHANICS 733* 16.3.2*
TURBULENCE 736* 16.3.3* EQUATIONS FOR THE MEAN QUANTITIES 737* 16.3.4*
MIXING-LENGTH MODELS FOR TURBULENT TRANSPORT 739* 16.4 VARIATION OF WIND
WITH HEIGHT IN THE ATMOSPHERE 742* 16.4.L* MEAN VELOCITY IN THE
ADIABATIC SURFACE* LAYER OVER A SMOOTH SURFACE 743* 16.4.2* MEAN
VELOCITY IN THE ADIABATIC SURFACE* LAYER OVER A ROUGH SURFACE 744*
16.4.3* MEAN VELOCITY PROFILES IN THE* NONADIABATIC SURFACE LAYER 746*
16.4.4* THE PASQUILL STABILITY CLASSES-ESTIMATION OF L 749* 16.4.5
EMPIRICAL EQUATION FOR THE MEAN WIND SPEED 752* APPENDIX 16 DERIVATION
OF THE BASIC EQUATIONS OF SURFACE LAYER* ATMOSPHERIC FLUID MECHANICS
752* PROBLEMS 756* REFERENCES 759* 17 CLOUD PHYSICS* 761* 17.1*
PROPERTIES OF WATER AND WATER SOLUTIONS 761* 17.1.1* SPECIFIC HEAT OF
WATER AND!CE 762* 17.1.2* LATENT HEATS OF EVAPORATION AND OF MELTING FOR
WATER 762* 17.1.3* WATER SURFACE TENSION 762* 17.2* WATER EQUILIBRIUM IN
THE ATMOSPHERE 763* 17.2.1 EQUILIBRIUM OF A FLAT PURE WATER* SURFACE
WITH THE ATMOSPHERE 764* 17.2.2* EQUILIBRIUM OF A PURE WATER DROPLET
765* 17.2.3* EQUILIBRIUM OF A FLAT WATER SOLUTION 766* CONTENTS XXIII
17.2.4* ATMOSPHERIC EQUILIBRIUM OF* AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION DROP 767*
17.2.5* ATMOSPHERIC EQUILIBRIUM OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION* DROP CONTAINING
AN INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCE 773* 17.3* CLOUD AND FOG FORMATION 777* 17.3.1*
ISOBARIC COOLING 777* 17.3.2* ADIABATIC COOLING 778* 17.3.3* COOLING
WITH ENTRAINMENT 780* 17.3.4* A SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION* OF
CLOUD FORMATION 781* 17.4* GROWTH RATE OF INDIVIDUAL CLOUD DROPLETS 783*
17.5* GROWTH OF A DROPLET POPULATION 786* 17.6* CLOUD CONDENSATION
NUCLEI 791* 17.7* CLOUD PROCESSING OF AEROSOLS 794* 17.7.1* NUCLEATION
SCAVENGING OF AEROSOLS BY CLOUDS 794* 17.7.2* CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
CLOUD DROPLETS 795* 17.7.3* NONRAINING CLOUD EFFECTS ON AEROSOL
CONCENTRATIONS 797* 17.7.4* INTERSTITIAL AEROSOL SCAVENGING BY CLOUD
DROPLETS 803* 17.7.5* AEROSOL NUCLEATION NEAR CLOUDS 804* 17.8* OTHER
FORMS OF WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE 805* 17.8.1* !CE CLOUDS 805* 17.8.2
RAIN 809* APPENDIX 17 EXTENDED KOEHLER THEORY 812* 17.A.L* MODIFIED FORM
OF KOEHLER THEORY* FOR A SOLUBLE TRACE GAS 813* 17.A.2* MODIFIED FORM OF
THE KOEHLER THEORY FOR* A SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE SUBSTANCE 816* 17.A.3*
MODIFIED FORM OF THE KOEHLER THEORY FOR* A SURFACE-ACTIVE SOLUTE 818*
17.A.4 EXAMPLES 818* PROBLEMS 822* REFERENCES 823* 18 ATMOSPHERIC
DIFFUSION* 828* 18.1* EULERIAN APPROACH 828* 18.2* LAGRANGIAN APPROACH
831* 18.3* COMPARISON OF EULERIAN AND LAGRANGIAN APPROACHES 832* 18.4*
EQUATIONS GOVERNING THE MEAN CONCENTRATION* OF SPECIES IN TURBULENCE
833* 18.4.1* EULERIAN APPROACHES 833* 18.4.2* LAGRANGIAN APPROACHES 834*
18.5* SOLUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION* EQUATION FOR AN
INSTANTANEOUS SOURCE 837* 18.6* MEAN CONCENTRATION FROM CONTINUOUS
SOURCES 838* 18.6.1* LAGRANGIAN APPROACH 838* XXIV* CONTENTS 18.6.2*
EULERIAN APPROACH 843* 18.6.3* SUMMARY OF CONTINUOUS POINT SOURCE
SOLUTIONS 844* 18.7* STATISTICAL THEORY OF TURBULENT DIFFUSION 845*
18.7.1* QUALITATIVE FEATURES OF ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION 845* 18.7.2*
MOTION OF A SINGLE PARTICLE* RELATIVE TO A FIXED AXIS 847* 18.8* SUMMARY
OF ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION THEORIES 851* 18.9* ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR
ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION:* THE GAUSSIAN PLUME EQUATION AND OTHERS 852*
18.9.1* GAUSSIAN CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTIONS 852* 18.9.2* DERIVATION OF
THE GAUSSIAN PLUME EQUATION AS A* SOLUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION
EQUATION 854* 18.9.3* SUMMARY OF GAUSSIAN POINT SOURCE* DIFFUSION
FORMULAS 859* 18.10* DISPERSION PARAMETERS IN GAUSSIAN MODELS 859*
18.10.1* CORRELATIONS FOR O Y AND O Z* BASED ON SIMILARITY THEORY 862*
18.10.2* CORRELATIONS FOR O Y AND O Z* BASED ON PASQUILL STABILITY
CLASSES 864* 18.11* PLUME RISE 867* 18.12* FUNCTIONAL FORMS OF MEAN
WINDSPEED AND* EDDY DIFFUSIVITIES 869* 18.12.1* MEAN WINDSPEED 869*
18.12.2* VERTICAL EDDY DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT KZZ 869* 18.12.3*
HORIZONTAL EDDY DIFFUSION* COEFFICIENTS KU AND KYY 873* 18.13* SOLUTIONS
OF THE STEADY-STATE ATMOSPHERIC* DIFFUSION EQUATION 873* 18.13.1*
DIFFUSION FROM A POINT SOURCE 874* 18.13.2 DIFFUSION FROM A LINE SOURCE
875* APPENDIX 18.1 FURTHER SOLUTIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION PROBLEMS
878* 18.A.L* SOLUTION OF (18.29)-(18.31) 878* 18.A.2 SOLUTION OF (18.50)
AND (18.51) 880* L8.A.3 SOLUTION OF (18.59)-(18.61) 881* APPENDIX 18.2
ANALYTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE GAUSSIAN PLUME EQUATION 882* PROBLEMS 886*
REFERENCES 896* 19 DRY DEPOSITION* 900* 19.1 DEPOSITION VELOCITY 900*
19.2 RESISTANCE MODEL FOR DRY DEPOSITION 902* 19.3 AERODYNAMIC
RESISTANCE 906* 19.4 QUASI-LAMINAR RESISTANCE 907* 19.4.1* GASES 908*
19.4.2* PARTIELES 908* CONTENTS XXV 19.5* SURFACE RESISTANCE 911*
19.5.1* SURFACE RESISTANCE FOR DRY* DEPOSITION OF GASES TO WATER 914*
19.5.2* SURFACE RESISTANCE FAR DRY* DEPOSITION OF GASES TO VEGETATION
918* 19.6* MEASUREMENT OF DRY DEPOSITION 923* 19.6.1* DIRECT METHODS
923* 19.6.2* INDIRECT METHODS 925* 19.6.3* COMPARISON OF METHODS 925*
19.7* SOME COMMENTS ON MODELING AND MEASUREMENT* OF DRY DEPOSITION 926*
PROBLEMS 927* REFERENCES 929* 20 WET DEPOSITION* 932* 20.1* GENERAL
REPRESENTATION OF ATMOSPHERIC WET* REMOVAL PROCESSES 932* 20.2*
BELOW-CLOUD SCAVENGING OF GASES 937* 20.2.1* BELOW-CLOUD SCAVENGING OF*
AN IITEVERSIBLY SOLUBLE GAS 938* 20.2.2* BELOW-CLOUD SCAVENGING OF* A
REVERSIBLY SOLUBLE GAS 942* 20.3* PRECIPITATION SCAVENGING OF PARTICLES
947* 20.3.1* RAINDROP-AEROSOL COLLISION EFFICIENCY 949* 20.3.2*
SCAVENGING RATES 951* 20.4* IN-CLOUD SCAVENGING 953* 20.5* ACID
DEPOSITION 954* 20.5.1* ACID RAIN OVERVIEW 954* 20.5.2* ACID RAIN DATA
AND TRENDS 957* 20.5.3* EFFECTS OF ACID DEPOSITION 959* 20.5.4*
CLOUDWATER DEPOSITION 963* 20.5.5* FOGS AND WET DEPOSITION 964* 20.6*
ACID DEPOSITION PROCESS SYNTHESIS 965* 20.6.1* CHEMICAL SPECIES INVOLVED
IN ACID DEPOSITION 965* 20.6.2* DRY VERSUS WET DEPOSITION 965* 20.6.3*
CHEMICAL PATHWAYS FOR SULFATE AND NITRATE PRODUCTION 966* 20.6.4*
SOURCE-RECEPTOR RELATIONSHIPS 968* 20.6.5 LINEARITY 969* PROBLEMS 971*
REFERENCES 977* 21 GENERAL CIRCULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE* 980* 21.1*
HADLEY CELL 981* 21.2* FEITELL CELL AND POLAR CELL 983* 21.3* CARIOLIS
FORCE 985* XXVI CONTENTS 21.4* GEOSTROPHIC WINDSPEED 987* 21.4.1 BUYS
BALLOT S LAW 989* 21.4.2 EKMAN SPIRAL 990* 21.5* THE THERMAL WIND
RELATION 993* 21.6* STRATOSPHERIC DYNAMICS 996* 21.7 THE HYDROLOGIE
CYCLE 997* APPENDIX 21 OCEAN CIRCULATION 998* PROBLEMS 1000* REFERENCES
1002* 22 GLOBAL CYCLES: SULFUR AND CARBON* 1003* 22.1* THE ATMOSPHERIC
SULFUR CYCLE 1003* 22.2* THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE 1007* 22.2.1 CARBON
DIOXIDE 1007* 22.2.2 COMPARTMENTAL MODEL OF THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE
1009* 22.2.3 ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME OF CO2 1014* 22.3* ANALYTICAL SOLUTION
FOR A STEADY-STATE FOUR-COMPARTMENT* MODEL OF THE ATMOSPHERE 1018*
PROBLEMS 1023* REFERENCES 1024* 23 CLIMATE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
THE ATMOSPHERE* 1026* 23.1* THE GLOBAL TEMPERATURE RECORD 1028* 23.2*
SOLAR VARIABILITY 1032* 23.3* RADIATIVE FORCING 1035* 23.4* CLIMATE
SENSITIVITY 1039* 23.5* RELATIVE RADIATIVE FORCING INDICES 1042* 23.6*
UNREALIZED WARMING 1045* 23.7* ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND CLIMATE CHANGE
1045* 23.7.1 INDIRECT CHEMICAL IMPACTS 1046* 23.7.2 ATMOSPHERIC
LIFETIMES AND ADJUSTMENT TIMES 1048* 23.8 RADIATIVE EFFECTS OF CLOUDS
1049* PROBLEMS 1049* REFERENCES 1052* 24 AEROSOLS AND CLIMATE* 1054*
24.1* SCATTERING - ABSORBING MODEL OF AN AEROSOL LAYER 1057* 24.2*
COOLING VERSUS HEATING OF AN AEROSOL LAYER 1060* 24.3* SCATTERING MODEL
OF AN AEROSOL LAYER* FOR A NONABSORBING AEROSOL 1062* 24.4* UPSCATTER
FRACTION 1064* 24.5* OPTICAL DEPTH AND COLUMN FORCING 1067* 24.6*
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL MIXTURES 1071* 24.7* TOP-OF-THE-ATMOSPHERE VERSUS
SURFACE FORCING 1074* 24.8* LNDIRECT EFFECTS OF AEROSOLS ON CLIMATE
1078* 24.8.1 RADIATIVE MODEL FOR A CLOUDY ATMOSPHERE 1080* CONTENTS
XXVII 24.8.2* SENSITIVITY OF CLOUD ALBEDO TO CLOUD* DROPLET NUMBER
CONCENTRATION 1082* 24.8.3* RELATION OF CLOUD DROPLET NUMBER*
CONCENTRATION TO AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS 1084* PROBLEMS 1087* REFERENCES
1088* 25 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS* 1092* 25.1 INTRODUCTION
1092* 25.1.1* MODEL TYPES 1093* 25.1.2* TYPES OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL
TRANSPORT MODELS 1094* 25.2 BOX MODELS 1096* 25.2.1* THE EULERIAN BOX
MODEL 1096* 25.2.2* A LAGRANGIAN BOX MODEL 1099* 25.3 THREE-DIMENSIONAL
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS 1102* 25.3.1* COORDINATE
SYSTEM-UNEVEN TERRAIN 1102* 25.3.2* INITIAL CONDITIONS 1104* 25.3.3*
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 1105* 25.4 ONE-DIMENSIONAL LAGRANGIAN MODELS 1106*
25.5 OTHER FORMS OF CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS 1109* 25.5.1* ATMOSPHERIC
DIFFUSION EQUATION* EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF MIXING RATIO 1109* 25.5.2*
PRESSURE-BASED COORDINATE SYSTEM 1113* 25.5.3* SPHERICAL COORDINATES
1114* 25.6 NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS 1115* 25.6.1*
COUPLING PROBLEM-OPERATOR SPLITTING 1116* 25.6.2* CHEMICAL KINETICS
1121* 25.6.3* DIFFUSION 1126* 25.6.4* ADVECTION 1127* 25.7 MODEL
EVALUATION 1131* PROBLEMS 1133* REFERENCES 1135* 26 STATISTICAL MODELS*
1136* 26.1 RECEPTOR MODELING METHODS 1136* 26.1.1* CHEMICAL MASS BALANCE
(CMB) 1139* 26.1.2* FACTOR ANALYSIS 1146* 26.1.3* EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL
FUNCTION RECEPTOR MODELS 1150* 26.2 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR AIR
POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS 1153* 26.2.1* THE LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION 1154*
26.2.2* THE WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION 1154* 26.3 ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS IN
THE DISTRIBUTIONS 1156* 26.3.1* METHOD OF QUANTILES 1157 26.3.2* METHOD
OF MOMENTS 1157 XXVIII* CONTENTS 26.4* ORDER STATISTICS OF AIR QUALITY
DATA 1160* 26.4.1* BASIC NOTIONS AND TERRNINOLOGY* OF ORDER STATISTICS
1160* 26.4.2* EXTREME VALUES 1161* 26.5* EXCEEDANCES OF CRITICAL LEVELS
1162* 26.6* ALTERNATIVE FORRNS OF AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 1162* 26.7*
RELATING CURRENT AND FUTURE AIR POLLUTANT* STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS
1167* PROBLEMS 1169* REFERENCES I 172* APPENDIX A UNITS AND PHYSICAL
CONSTANTS* 1175* A.I* SI BASE UNITS 1175* A.2* SI DERIVED UNITS 1175*
A.3* FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS 1178* A.4* PROPERTIES OF THE
ATMOSPHERE AND WATER 1178* A.5* UNITS FOR REPRESENTING CHEMICAL
REACTIONS 1180* A.6* CONCENTRATIONS IN THE AQUEOUS PHASE 1180* A.7
SYMBOLS FOR CONCENTRATION 1181* REFERENCES 1181* APPENDIX BRATE
CONSTANTS OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS 1182* REFERENCES 1190*
INDEX* 1191*
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| adam_txt |
CONTENTS PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION VII* PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
IX* 1 THE ATMOSPHERE 1* 1.1 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH'S
ATMOSPHERE 1.2 CLIMATE 4* 1.3 THE LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE 6* 1.4
PRESSURE IN THE ATMOSPHERE 8* 1.4.1 UNITS OF PRESSURE 8* 1.4.2 VARIATION
OF PRESSURE WITH HEIGHT IN THE ATMOSPHERE 9* 1.5 TEMPERATURE IN THE
ATMOSPHERE 11* 1.6 EXPRESSING THE AMOUNT OF A SUBSTANCE IN THE
ATMOSPHERE 12* 1.7 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES OF ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES
16* PROBLEMS 19* REFERENCES 20* 2 ATMOSPHERIC TRACE CONSTITUENTS 21* 2.1
ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME 22* 2.2 SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS 27* 2.2.1
DIMETHYL SULFIDE (CH3SCH3) 31* 2.2.2 CARBONYL SULFIDE (OCS) 32* 2.2.3
SULFUR DIOXIDE (SOZ) 33* 2.3 NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS 33* 2.3.1
NITROUS OXIDE (NZO) 35* 2.3.2 NITROGEN OXIDES (NO, = NO + NOZ) 36* 2.3.3
REACTIVE ODD NITROGEN (NO Y ) 37* 2.3.4 AMMONIA (NH3) 38* 2.4
CARBON-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS 38* 2.4.1 CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBONS 38*
2.4.2 METHANE 41* 2.4.3 VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 43* 2.4.4 BIOGENIE
HYDROCARBONS 43* 2.4.5 CARBON MONOXIDE 46* 2.4.6 CARBON DIOXIDE 47* 2.5
HALOGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS 47* 2.5.1 METHYL CHLORIDE (CH3CL) 50* 2.5.2
METHYL BROMIDE (CH3BR) 51* XIII XIV CONTENTS 2.6 ATMOSPHERIC OZONE 52*
2.7 PARTICULATE MATTER (AEROSOLS) 55* 2.7.1 STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL 57*
2.7.2 CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL 57* 2.7.3 CLOUD
CONDENSATION NUCLEI (CCN) 58* 2.7.4 SIZES OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES 58*
2.7.5 SOURCES OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER 60* 2.7.6 CARBONACEOUS
PARTICLES 60* 2.7.7 MINERAL DUST 61* 2.8 EMISSION INVENTARIES 62* 2.9
BIOMASS BURNING 63* APPENDIX 2.1 AIR POLLUTION LEGISLATION 63* APPENDIX
2.2 HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (AIR TOXICS) 65* PROBLEMS 69* REFERENCES
70* 3 CHEMICAL KINETICS 75* 3.1 ORDER OF REACTION 75* 3.2 THEORIES OF
CHEMICAL KINETICS 77* 3.2.1 COLLISION THEORY 77* 3.2.2 TRANSITION STATE
THEARY 80* 3.2.3 POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACE FOR A BIMOLECULAR REACTION 82*
3.3 THE PSEUDO-STEADY-STATE APPROXIMATION 83* 3.4 REACTIONS OF EXCITED
SPECIES 84* 3.5 TERMOLECULAR REACTIONS 85* 3.6 CHEMICAL FAMILIES 89* 3.7
GAS-SURFACE REACTIONS 91* APPENDIX 3 FREE RADICALS 93* PROBLEMS 93*
REFERENCES 96* 4 ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY 98* 4.1
RADIATION 98* 4.1.1 SOLAR AND TERRESTRIAL RADIATION 100* 4.1.2 ENERGY
BALANCE FAR EARTH AND ATMOSPHERE 101* 4.1.3 SOLAR VARIABILITY 105* 4.2
RADIATIVE FLUX IN THE ATMOSPHERE 106* 4.3 BEER-LAMBERT LAW AND OPTICAL
DEPTH 108* 4.4 ACTINIC FLUX 111* 4.5 ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY 114* 4.6
ABSORPTION OF RADIATION BY ATMOSPHERIC GASES 117* 4.7 ABSORPTION BY O2
AND 0 3 122* 4.8 PHOTOLYSIS RATE AS A FUNCTION OF ALTITUDE 126* 4.9
PHOTODISSOCIATION OF 0 3 TO PRODUCE 0 AND OED) 128* 4.10
PHOTODISSOCIATION OF N02 131* PROBLEMS 135* REFERENCES 136* CONTENTS XV*
5 CHEMISTRY OF THE STRATOSPHERE 138* 5.1* OVERVIEW OF STRATOSPHERIC
CHEMISTRY 138* 5.2* CHAPMAN MECHANISM 142* 5.3* NITROGEN OXIDE CYC1ES
151* 5.3.1* STRATOSPHERIC SOURCE OF NO X FROM N20 151* 5.3.2* NO X
CYC1ES 154* 5.4* HOX CYC1ES 156* 5.5* HALOGEN CYC1ES 162* 5.5.1*
CHLORINE CYC1ES 162* 5.5.2* BROMINE CYC1ES 166* 5.6* RESERVOIR SPECIES
AND COUPLING OF THE CYC1ES 167* 5.7* OZANE HOLE 169* 5.7.1* POLAR
STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS 173* 5.7.2* PSCS AND THE OZANE HOLE 174* 5.7.3*
ARCTIC OZONE HOLE 178* 5.8 HETEROGENEOUS (NONPOLAR) STRATOSPHERIC
CHEMISTRY 179* 5.8.1* THE STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL LAYER 179* 5.8.2*
HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS OF N20 S 180* 5.8.3* EFFECT OF VOLCANOES ON
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE 185* 5.9* SUMMARY OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION
188* 5.10* TRANSPORT AND MIXING IN THE STRATOSPHERE 191* 5.11 OZONE
DEPLETION POTENTIAL 193* PROBLEMS 195* REFERENCES 200* 6 CHEMISTRY OF
THE TROPOSPHERE* 204* 6.1* PRODUCTION OF HYDROXYL RADICALS IN THE
TROPOSPHERE 205* 6.2* BASIC PHOTOCHEMICAL CYCLE OF N02 , NO, AND 0 3
209* 6.3* ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF CARBON MONOXIDE 211* 6.3.1* LOW NO X
LIMIT 214* 6.3.2* HIGH NO, LIMIT 214* 6.3.3* OZANE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY
215* 6.3.4* THEORETICAL MAXIMUM YIELD OF OZANE* FROM CO OXIDATION 219*
6.4* ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF METHANE 219* 6.5* THE NO X AND NO Y
FAMILIES 224* 6.5.1* DAYTIME BEHAVIOR 224* 6.5.2* NIGHTTIME BEHAVIOR
225* 6.6* OZONE BUDGET OF THE TROPOSPHERE AND ROLE OF NO X 227* 6.6.1*
OZANE BUDGET OF THE TROPOSPHERE 227* 6.6.2* ROLE OF NO X 228* 6.7*
TROPOSPHERIC RESERVOIR MO1ECULES 231* 6.7.1* H20 2, CH300H, AND HONO
231* 6.7.2* PEROXYACYL NITRATES (PANS) 231* XVI CONTENTS 6.8 RELATIVE
ROLES OF VOC AND NO X IN OZANE FORMATION 235* 6.8.1* IMPORTANCE OF THE
VOCINO X RATIO 235* 6.8.2* OZANE ISOPLETH PLOT 236* 6.9 SIMPLIFIED
ORGANICLNO X CHEMISTRY 239* 6.10 CHEMISTRY OF NONMETHANE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS IN THE TROPOSPHERE 242* 6.10.1* ALKANES 242* 6.10.2* ALKENES
247* 6.10.3* AROMATICS 254* 6.10.4* ALDEHYDES 258* 6.10.5* KETONES 259*
6.10.6* R:J., SS-UNSATURATED CARBONYLS 260* 6.10.7* ETHERS 260* 6.1 0.8*
ALCOHOLS 261* 6.11 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS 261*
6.12 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF REDUCED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS 265* 6.12.1*
AMINES 265* 6.12.2* NITRILES 266* 6.12.3* NITRITES 266* 6.13 ATMOSPHERIC
CHEMISTRY (GAS PHASE) OF SULFUR COMPOUNDS 266* 6.13.1* SULFUR OXIDES
266* 6.13.2* REDUCED SULFUR COMPOUNDS (DIMETHYL SULFIDE) 267* 6.14
TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF HALOGEN COMPOUNDS 270* 6.14.1* CHEMICAL CYCLES
OF HALOGEN SPECIES 270* 6.14.2* TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF CFC
REPLACEMENTS:* HYDROFLUOROCARBONS (HFCS) AND* HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
(HCFCS) 272* PROBLEMS 275* REFERENCES 279* 7 CHEMISTRY OF THE
ATMOSPHERIC AQUEOUS PHASE* 284* 7.1 LIQUID WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE 284*
7.2 ABSORPTION EQUILIBRIA AND HENRY'S LAW 286* 7.3 AQUEOUS-PHASE
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA 291* 7.3.1* WATER 291* 7.3.2* CARBON DIOXIDE-WATER
EQUILIBRIUM 292* 7.3.3* SULFUR DIOXIDE-WATER EQUILIBRIUM 294* 7.3.4*
AMMONIA-WATER EQUILIBRIUM 299* 7.3.5* NITRIC ACID-WATER EQUILIBRIUM 299*
7.3.6 EQUILIBRIA OF OTHER IMPORTANT ATMOSPHERIC GASES 302* 7.4
AQUEOUS-PHASE REACTION RATES 306* 7.5 S(IV)-S(VI) TRANSFORMATION AND
SULFUR CHEMISTRY 308* 7.5.1* OXIDATION OF S(IV) BY DISSOLVED 0 3 308*
7.5.2* OXIDATION OF S(IV) BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 311* 7.5.3* OXIDATION OF
S(IV) BY ORGANIC PEROXIDES 312* 7.5.4* UNCATALYZED OXIDATION OF S(IV) BY
O2 313* CONTENTS XVII 7.5.5* OXIDATION OF S(IV) BY O2 CATALYZED* BY IRON
AND MANGANESE 314* 7.5.6* COMPARISON OF AQUEOUS-PHASE* S(IV) OXIDATION
PATHS 316* 7.6* DYNAMIE BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS WITH* AQUEOUS-PHASE
CHEMIEAL REAETIONS 318* 7.6.1* CLOSED SYSTEM 319* 7.6.2* CALCULATION OF
CONEENTRATION CHANGES IN A* DROPLET WITH AQUEOUS-PHASE REAETIONS 321*
APPENDIX 7.1 THERMODYNAMIE AND KINETIE DATA 325* APPENDIX 7.2 ADDITIONAL
AQUEOUS-PHASE SULFUR CHEMISTRY 328* 7AI S(IV) OXIDATION BY THE OH
RADICA1 328* 7A2 OXIDATION OF S(IV) BY OXIDES OF NITROGEN 334* 7A3
REAETION OF DISSOLVED S02 WITH HCHO 334* APPENDIX 7.3 AQUEOUS-PHASE
NITRITE AND NITRATE CHEMISTRY 336* 7.A.4* NO X OXIDATION 336* 7.A.5
NITROGEN RADIEALS 337* APPENDIX 7.4 AQUEOUS-PHASE ORGANIE CHEMISTRY 338*
APPENDIX 7.5 OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN CHEMISTRY 339* PROBLEMS 340* REFERENEES
343* 8 PROPERTIES OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL* 350* 8.1* THE SIZE
DISTRIBUTION FUNETION 350* 8.1.1* THE NUMBER DISTRIBUTION NT-I.PP ) 353*
8.1.2* THE SURFAEE AREA, VOLUME, AND MASS DISTRIBUTIONS 355* 8.1.3*
DISTRIBUTIONS BASED ON IN DP AND LOG DP 358* 8.1.4* RELATING SIZE
DISTRIBUTIONS BASED ON* DIFFERENT INDEPENDENT VARIABLES 359* 8.1.5*
PROPERTIES OF SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS 360* 8.1.6* THE LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION
362* 8.1.7* PLOTTING THE LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION 365* 8.1.8* PROPERTIES
OF THE LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION 366* 8.2* AMBIENT AEROSOL SIZE
DISTRIBUTIONS 368* 8.2.1* URBAN AEROSOLS 370* 8.2.2* MARINE AEROSOLS
374* 8.2.3* RURAL CONTINENTAL AEROSOLS 375* 8.2.4* REMOTE CONTINENTAL
AEROSOLS 376* 8.2.5* FREE TROPOSPHERIE AEROSOLS 376* 8.2.6* POLAR
AEROSOLS 378* 8.2.7* DESERT AEROSOLS 379* 8.3* AEROSOL CHEMIEAL
COMPOSITION 381* 8.4* SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION 384* 8.5 VERTIEAL
VARIATION 388* PROBLEMS 389* REFERENEES 393* XVIII* CONTENTS 9 DYNAMICS
OF SINGLE AEROSOL PARTICLES* 396* 9.1* CONTINUUM AND NONCONTINUUM
DYNAMICS:* THE MEAN FREE PATH 396* 9.2* THE DRAG ON A SINGLE PARTICLE:
STOKES' LAW 403* 9.2.1* CORRECTIONS TO STOKES' LAW: THE DRAG COEFFICIENT
405* 9.2.2* STOKES' LAW AND NONCONTINUUM EFFECTS:* SLIP CORRECTION
FACTOR 406* 9.3* GRAVITATIONAL SETTLING OF AN AEROSOL PARTICLE 407* 9.4*
MOTION OF AN AEROSOL PARTICLE IN AN EXTERNAL FORCE FIELD 411* 9.5*
BROWNIAN MOTION OF AEROSOL PARTICLES 412* 9.5.1* PARTICLE DIFFUSION 415*
9.5.2* AEROSOL MOBILITY AND DRIFT VELOCITY 417* 9.5.3* MEAN FREE PATH OF
AN AEROSOL PARTICLE 420* 9.6* AEROSOL AND FLUID MOTION 422* 9.6.1*
MOTION OF A PARTICLE IN AN IDEALIZED FLOW (90 0 CORNER) 423* 9.6.2* STOP
DISTANCE AND STOKES NUMBER 425* 9.7* EQUIVALENT PARTICLE DIAMETERS 426*
9.7.1* VOLUME EQUIVALENT DIAMETER 426* 9.7.2* STOKES DIAMETER 428*
9.7.3* CLASSICAL AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER 429* 9.7.4 ELECTRICAL MOBILITY
EQUIVALENT DIAMETER 43L* PROBLEMS 431* REFERENCES 432* 10 THERMODYNAMICS
OF AEROSOLS* 434* 10.1* THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES 434* 10.1.1* INTERNAL
ENERGY AND CHEMICAL POTENTIAL 434* 10.1.2* THE GIBBS FREE ENERGY, G 436*
10.1.3* CONDITIONS FOR CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM 438* 10.1.4* CHEMICAL
POTENTIALS OF IDEAL GASES AND* IDEAL-GAS MIXTURES 442* 10.1.5* CHEMICAL
POTENTIAL OF SOLUTIONS 443* 10.1.6* THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT 448* 10.2*
AEROSOL LIQUID WATER CONTENT 449* 10.2.1* CHEMICAL POTENTIAL OF WATER IN
ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES 452* 10.2.2 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE DRH 453*
LO.2.3 DELIQUESCENCE OF MULTICOMPONENT AEROSOLS 455* 10.2.4*
CRYSTALLIZATION OF SINGLE AND MULTICOMPONENT SALTS 460* 10.3*
EQUILIBRIUM VAPOR PRESSURE OVER A CURVED SURFACE:* THE KELVIN EFFECT
461* 10.4* THERMODYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL SYSTEMS 464* 10.4.1*
THE H Z S0 4 -HZ O SYSTEM 464* 10.4.2* THE SULFURIC ACID-AMMONIA-WATER
SYSTEM 470* 10.4.3* THE AMMONIA-NITRIC ACID-WATER SYSTEM 472* 10.4.4*
THE AMMONIA-NITRIC ACID-SULFURIC ACID-WATER SYSTEM 478* CONTENTS XIX
10.4.5* OTHER INORGANIC AEROSOL SPECIES 483* 10.4.6 INORGANIC AEROSOL
THERMODYNAMIC MODELS 484* PROBLEMS 485* REFERENCES 486* 11 NUCLEATION*
489* 11.1* CLASSICAL THEORY OF HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION:* KINETIC APPROACH
491* 11.1.1* THE FORWARD RATE CONSTANT SSI 494* 11.1.2* THE REVERSE RATE
CONSTANT YI 495* 11.1.3* DERIVATION OF THE NUCLEATION RATE 496* 11.2*
CLASSICAL HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION THEORY:* CONSTRAINED EQUILIBRIUM
APPROACH 500* 11.2.1* FREE ENERGY OF I-MER FORMATION 500* 11.2.2*
CONSTRAINED EQUILIBRIUM CLUSTER DISTRIBUTION 502* 11.2.3* THE
EVAPORATION COEFFICIENT YI 504* 11.2.4* NUCLEATION RATE 505* 11.3*
RECAPITULATION OF CLASSICAL THEORY 508* 11.4* EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT
OF NUCLEATION RATES 509* 11.4.1* UPWARD THERMAL DIFFUSION CLOUD CHAMBER
510* 11.4.2* FAST EXPANSION CHAMBER 510* 11.4.3* TURBULENT MIXING
CHAMBERS 512* 11.4.4* EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF CLASSICAL* HOMOGENEOUS
NUCLEATION THEORY 512* 11.5* MODIFICATIONS OF THE CLASSICAL THEORY AND
MORE* RIGOROUS APPROACHES 513* 11.6* BINARY HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION 514*
11.7* BINARY NUCLEATION IN THE H2SOC H20 SYSTEM 520* 11.8* HETEROGENEOUS
NUCLEATION 524* 11.8.1* NUCLEATION ON AN INSOLUBLE FOREIGN SURFACE 524*
11.8.2* ION-INDUCED NUCLEATION 526* 11.9 NUCLEATION IN THE ATMOSPHERE
529* APPENDIX 11 THE LAW OF MASS ACTION 531* PROBLEMS 532* REFERENCES
533* 12 MASS TRANSFER ASPECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY* 537* 12.1* MASS
AND HEAT TRANSFER TO ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES 537* 12.1.1* THE CONTINUUM
REGIME 537* 12.1.2* THE KINETIC REGIME 541* 12.1.3* THE TRANSITION
REGIME 542* 12.1.4* THE ACCOMMODATION COEFFICIENT 546* 12.2* MASS
TRANSPORT LIMITATIONS IN AQUEOUS-PHASE CHEMISTRY 547* 12.2.1*
CHARACTERISTIC TIME FOR GAS-PHASE DIFFUSION* TO A PARTICLE 549* XX
CONTENTS 12.2.2* CHARACTERISTIC TIME TO ACHIEVE EQUILIBRIUM* IN THE
GAS-PARTICLE INTERFACE 551* 12.2.3* CHARACTERISTIC TIME OF AQUEOUS
DISSOCIATION REACTIONS 554* 12.2.4* CHARACTERISTIC TIME OF AQUEOUS-PHASE
DIFFUSION* IN A DROPLET 556* 12.2.5* CHARACTERISTIC TIME FOR
AQUEOUS-PHASE* CHEMICAL REACTIONS 557* 12.3 MASS TRANSPORT AND
AQUEOUS-PHASE CHEMISTRY 557* 12.3.1* GAS-PHASE DIFFUSION AND
AQUEOUS-PHASE REACTIONS 558* 12.3.2* AQUEOUS-PHASE DIFFUSION AND
REACTION 560* 12.3.3* INTERFACIAL MASS TRANSPORT AND AQUEOUS-PHASE*
REACTIONS 561* 12.3.4* APPLICATION TO THE S(IV)-OZONE REACTION 564*
12.3.5* APPLICATION TO THE S(IV)-HYDROGEN* PEROXIDE REACTION 566*
12.3.6* CALCULATION OF AQUEOUS-PHASE REACTION RATES 567* 12.3.7* AN
AQUEOUS-PHASE CHEMISTRYLMASS* TRANSPORT MODEL 573* 12.4 MASS TRANSFER TO
FALLING DROPS 574* 12.5 CHARACTERISTIC TIME FOR ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL
EQUILIBRIUM 575* 12.5.1* SOLID AEROSOL PARTICLES 575* 12.5.2 AQUEOUS
AEROSOL PARTICLES 577* APPENDIX 12 SOLUTION OF THE TRANSIENT GAS-PHASE
DIFFUSION PROBLEM* EQUATIONS (12.4)-(12.7) 580* PROBLEMS 582* REFERENCES
584* 13 DYNAMICS OF AEROSOL POPULATIONS* 588* 13.1 MATHEMATICAL
REPRESENTATIONS OF AEROSOL SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS 588* 13.1.1* DISCRETE
DISTRIBUTION 588* 13.1.2* CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTION 589* 13.2 CONDENSATION
589* 13.2.1* THE CONDENSATION EQUATION 589* 13.2.2* SOLUTION OF THE
CONDENSATION EQUATION 592* 13.3 COAGULATION 595* 13.3.1* BROWNIAN
COAGULATION 596* 13.3.2* THE COAGULATION EQUATION 603* 13.3.3* SOLUTION
OF THE COAGULATION EQUATION 606* 13.4 THE DISCRETE GENERAL DYNARNIC
EQUATION 610* 13.5 THE CONTINUOUS GENERAL DYNAMIC EQUATION 612* APPENDIX
13.1 ADDITIONAL MECHANISMS OF COAGULATION 613* 13.A.L* COAGULATION IN
LAMINAR SHEAR FLOW 613* 13.A.2* COAGULATION IN TURBULENT FLOW 614*
13.A.3* COAGULATION FROM GRAVITATIONAL SETTLING 614* 13.A.4* BROWNIAN
COAGULATION AND EXTEMAL FORCE FIELDS 615* CONTENTS XXI APPENDIX 13.2
SOLUTION OF (13.73) 620* PROBLEMS 622* REFERENEES 626* 14 ORGANIC
ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS* 628* 14.1 ORGANIE AEROSOL COMPONENTS 628* 14.2
ELEMENTAL CARBON 628* 14.2.1* FORMATION OF SOOT AND ELEMENTAL CARBON
628* 14.2.2* EMISSION SOUREES OF ELEMENTAL CARBON 630* 14.2.3* AMBIENT
ELEMENTAL CARBON CONEENTRATIONS 632* 14.2.4* AMBIENT ELEMENTAL CARBON
SIZE DISTRIBUTION 633* 14.3 ORGANIE CARBON 634* 14.3.1* AMBIENT AEROSOL
ORGANIE CARBON CONEENTRATIONS 635* 14.3.2* PRIMARY VERSUS SEEONDARY
ORGANIE CARBON 636* 14.4 PRIMARY ORGANIE CARBON 640* 14.4.1* SOUREES
640* 14.4.2* CHEMIEAL COMPOSITION 642* 14.4.3* PRIMARY OC SIZE
DISTRIBUTION 645* 14.5 SEEONDARY ORGANIE CARBON 647* 14.5.1* OVERVIEW OF
SEEONDARY ORGANIE* AEROSOL FORMATION PATHWAYS 647* 14.5.2* DISSOLUTION
AND GAS-PARTICLE* PARTITIONING OF ORGANIE COMPOUNDS 650* 14.5.3*
ADSORPTION AND GAS-PARTICLE PARTITIONING* OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 658*
14.5.4* PRECURSOR VOLATILE ORGANIE COMPOUNDS 661* 14.5.5* SOA YIELDS
664* 14.5.6* CHEMIEAL COMPOSITION 665* 14.5.7* PHYSIEAL PROPERTIES OF
SOA COMPONENTS 666* 14.5.8* PARTICLE-PHASE CHEMISTRY 666* 14.6
POLYEYCLIE AROMATIE HYDROEARBONS (PAHS) 670* 14.6.1* EMISSION SOUREES
671* 14.6.2* SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS 671* 14.6.3* ATMOSPHERIE CHEMISTRY 671*
14.6.4 PARTITIONING BETWEEN GAS AND AEROSOL PHASES 672* APPENDIX 14
MEASUREMENT OF ELEMENTAL AND ORGANIE CARBON 675* PROBLEMS 677*
REFERENEES 678* LS INTERACTION OF AEROSOLS WITH RADIATION* 691* 15.1
SEATTERING AND ABSORPTION OF LIGHT BY SMALL PARTICLES 691* 15.1.1*
RAYLEIGH SEATTERING REGIME 696* 15.1.2* GEOMETRIE SEATTERING REGIME 698*
15.1.3* SEATTERING PHASE FUNETION 700* 15.1.4* EXTINETION BY AN ENSEMBLE
OF PARTIELES 700* XXII CONTENTS 15.2* VISIBILITY 703* 15.3* SCATTERING,
ABSORPTION, AND EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS* FROM MIE THEORY 707* 15.4
CALCULATED VISIBILITY REDUCTION BASED ON ATMOSPHERIC DATA 711* APPENDIX
15 CALCULATION OF SCATTERING AND EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS* BY MIE THEORY
715* PROBLEMS 716* REFERENCES 718* 16 METEOROLOGY OF THE LOCAL SCALE*
720* 16.1* TEMPERATURE IN THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE 722* 16.1.1* TEMPERATURE
VARIATION IN A NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE 722* 16.1.2* POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE
726* 16.1.3* BUOYANCY OF A RISING (OR FALLING)* AIR PARCEL IN THE
ATMOSPHERE 727* 16.2* ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY 729* 16.3* MICROMETEOROLOGY
732* 16.3.1* BASIC EQUATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC FLUID MECHANICS 733* 16.3.2*
TURBULENCE 736* 16.3.3* EQUATIONS FOR THE MEAN QUANTITIES 737* 16.3.4*
MIXING-LENGTH MODELS FOR TURBULENT TRANSPORT 739* 16.4 VARIATION OF WIND
WITH HEIGHT IN THE ATMOSPHERE 742* 16.4.L* MEAN VELOCITY IN THE
ADIABATIC SURFACE* LAYER OVER A SMOOTH SURFACE 743* 16.4.2* MEAN
VELOCITY IN THE ADIABATIC SURFACE* LAYER OVER A ROUGH SURFACE 744*
16.4.3* MEAN VELOCITY PROFILES IN THE* NONADIABATIC SURFACE LAYER 746*
16.4.4* THE PASQUILL STABILITY CLASSES-ESTIMATION OF L 749* 16.4.5
EMPIRICAL EQUATION FOR THE MEAN WIND SPEED 752* APPENDIX 16 DERIVATION
OF THE BASIC EQUATIONS OF SURFACE LAYER* ATMOSPHERIC FLUID MECHANICS
752* PROBLEMS 756* REFERENCES 759* 17 CLOUD PHYSICS* 761* 17.1*
PROPERTIES OF WATER AND WATER SOLUTIONS 761* 17.1.1* SPECIFIC HEAT OF
WATER AND!CE 762* 17.1.2* LATENT HEATS OF EVAPORATION AND OF MELTING FOR
WATER 762* 17.1.3* WATER SURFACE TENSION 762* 17.2* WATER EQUILIBRIUM IN
THE ATMOSPHERE 763* 17.2.1 EQUILIBRIUM OF A FLAT PURE WATER* SURFACE
WITH THE ATMOSPHERE 764* 17.2.2* EQUILIBRIUM OF A PURE WATER DROPLET
765* 17.2.3* EQUILIBRIUM OF A FLAT WATER SOLUTION 766* CONTENTS XXIII
17.2.4* ATMOSPHERIC EQUILIBRIUM OF* AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION DROP 767*
17.2.5* ATMOSPHERIC EQUILIBRIUM OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION* DROP CONTAINING
AN INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCE 773* 17.3* CLOUD AND FOG FORMATION 777* 17.3.1*
ISOBARIC COOLING 777* 17.3.2* ADIABATIC COOLING 778* 17.3.3* COOLING
WITH ENTRAINMENT 780* 17.3.4* A SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION* OF
CLOUD FORMATION 781* 17.4* GROWTH RATE OF INDIVIDUAL CLOUD DROPLETS 783*
17.5* GROWTH OF A DROPLET POPULATION 786* 17.6* CLOUD CONDENSATION
NUCLEI 791* 17.7* CLOUD PROCESSING OF AEROSOLS 794* 17.7.1* NUCLEATION
SCAVENGING OF AEROSOLS BY CLOUDS 794* 17.7.2* CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
CLOUD DROPLETS 795* 17.7.3* NONRAINING CLOUD EFFECTS ON AEROSOL
CONCENTRATIONS 797* 17.7.4* INTERSTITIAL AEROSOL SCAVENGING BY CLOUD
DROPLETS 803* 17.7.5* AEROSOL NUCLEATION NEAR CLOUDS 804* 17.8* OTHER
FORMS OF WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE 805* 17.8.1* !CE CLOUDS 805* 17.8.2
RAIN 809* APPENDIX 17 EXTENDED KOEHLER THEORY 812* 17.A.L* MODIFIED FORM
OF KOEHLER THEORY* FOR A SOLUBLE TRACE GAS 813* 17.A.2* MODIFIED FORM OF
THE KOEHLER THEORY FOR* A SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE SUBSTANCE 816* 17.A.3*
MODIFIED FORM OF THE KOEHLER THEORY FOR* A SURFACE-ACTIVE SOLUTE 818*
17.A.4 EXAMPLES 818* PROBLEMS 822* REFERENCES 823* 18 ATMOSPHERIC
DIFFUSION* 828* 18.1* EULERIAN APPROACH 828* 18.2* LAGRANGIAN APPROACH
831* 18.3* COMPARISON OF EULERIAN AND LAGRANGIAN APPROACHES 832* 18.4*
EQUATIONS GOVERNING THE MEAN CONCENTRATION* OF SPECIES IN TURBULENCE
833* 18.4.1* EULERIAN APPROACHES 833* 18.4.2* LAGRANGIAN APPROACHES 834*
18.5* SOLUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION* EQUATION FOR AN
INSTANTANEOUS SOURCE 837* 18.6* MEAN CONCENTRATION FROM CONTINUOUS
SOURCES 838* 18.6.1* LAGRANGIAN APPROACH 838* XXIV* CONTENTS 18.6.2*
EULERIAN APPROACH 843* 18.6.3* SUMMARY OF CONTINUOUS POINT SOURCE
SOLUTIONS 844* 18.7* STATISTICAL THEORY OF TURBULENT DIFFUSION 845*
18.7.1* QUALITATIVE FEATURES OF ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION 845* 18.7.2*
MOTION OF A SINGLE PARTICLE* RELATIVE TO A FIXED AXIS 847* 18.8* SUMMARY
OF ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION THEORIES 851* 18.9* ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR
ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION:* THE GAUSSIAN PLUME EQUATION AND OTHERS 852*
18.9.1* GAUSSIAN CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTIONS 852* 18.9.2* DERIVATION OF
THE GAUSSIAN PLUME EQUATION AS A* SOLUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION
EQUATION 854* 18.9.3* SUMMARY OF GAUSSIAN POINT SOURCE* DIFFUSION
FORMULAS 859* 18.10* DISPERSION PARAMETERS IN GAUSSIAN MODELS 859*
18.10.1* CORRELATIONS FOR O'Y AND O'Z* BASED ON SIMILARITY THEORY 862*
18.10.2* CORRELATIONS FOR O'Y AND O'Z* BASED ON PASQUILL STABILITY
CLASSES 864* 18.11* PLUME RISE 867* 18.12* FUNCTIONAL FORMS OF MEAN
WINDSPEED AND* EDDY DIFFUSIVITIES 869* 18.12.1* MEAN WINDSPEED 869*
18.12.2* VERTICAL EDDY DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT KZZ 869* 18.12.3*
HORIZONTAL EDDY DIFFUSION* COEFFICIENTS KU AND KYY 873* 18.13* SOLUTIONS
OF THE STEADY-STATE ATMOSPHERIC* DIFFUSION EQUATION 873* 18.13.1*
DIFFUSION FROM A POINT SOURCE 874* 18.13.2 DIFFUSION FROM A LINE SOURCE
875* APPENDIX 18.1 FURTHER SOLUTIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION PROBLEMS
878* 18.A.L* SOLUTION OF (18.29)-(18.31) 878* 18.A.2 SOLUTION OF (18.50)
AND (18.51) 880* L8.A.3 SOLUTION OF (18.59)-(18.61) 881* APPENDIX 18.2
ANALYTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE GAUSSIAN PLUME EQUATION 882* PROBLEMS 886*
REFERENCES 896* 19 DRY DEPOSITION* 900* 19.1 DEPOSITION VELOCITY 900*
19.2 RESISTANCE MODEL FOR DRY DEPOSITION 902* 19.3 AERODYNAMIC
RESISTANCE 906* 19.4 QUASI-LAMINAR RESISTANCE 907* 19.4.1* GASES 908*
19.4.2* PARTIELES 908* CONTENTS XXV 19.5* SURFACE RESISTANCE 911*
19.5.1* SURFACE RESISTANCE FOR DRY* DEPOSITION OF GASES TO WATER 914*
19.5.2* SURFACE RESISTANCE FAR DRY* DEPOSITION OF GASES TO VEGETATION
918* 19.6* MEASUREMENT OF DRY DEPOSITION 923* 19.6.1* DIRECT METHODS
923* 19.6.2* INDIRECT METHODS 925* 19.6.3* COMPARISON OF METHODS 925*
19.7* SOME COMMENTS ON MODELING AND MEASUREMENT* OF DRY DEPOSITION 926*
PROBLEMS 927* REFERENCES 929* 20 WET DEPOSITION* 932* 20.1* GENERAL
REPRESENTATION OF ATMOSPHERIC WET* REMOVAL PROCESSES 932* 20.2*
BELOW-CLOUD SCAVENGING OF GASES 937* 20.2.1* BELOW-CLOUD SCAVENGING OF*
AN IITEVERSIBLY SOLUBLE GAS 938* 20.2.2* BELOW-CLOUD SCAVENGING OF* A
REVERSIBLY SOLUBLE GAS 942* 20.3* PRECIPITATION SCAVENGING OF PARTICLES
947* 20.3.1* RAINDROP-AEROSOL COLLISION EFFICIENCY 949* 20.3.2*
SCAVENGING RATES 951* 20.4* IN-CLOUD SCAVENGING 953* 20.5* ACID
DEPOSITION 954* 20.5.1* ACID RAIN OVERVIEW 954* 20.5.2* ACID RAIN DATA
AND TRENDS 957* 20.5.3* EFFECTS OF ACID DEPOSITION 959* 20.5.4*
CLOUDWATER DEPOSITION 963* 20.5.5* FOGS AND WET DEPOSITION 964* 20.6*
ACID DEPOSITION PROCESS SYNTHESIS 965* 20.6.1* CHEMICAL SPECIES INVOLVED
IN ACID DEPOSITION 965* 20.6.2* DRY VERSUS WET DEPOSITION 965* 20.6.3*
CHEMICAL PATHWAYS FOR SULFATE AND NITRATE PRODUCTION 966* 20.6.4*
SOURCE-RECEPTOR RELATIONSHIPS 968* 20.6.5 LINEARITY 969* PROBLEMS 971*
REFERENCES 977* 21 GENERAL CIRCULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE* 980* 21.1*
HADLEY CELL 981* 21.2* FEITELL CELL AND POLAR CELL 983* 21.3* CARIOLIS
FORCE 985* XXVI CONTENTS 21.4* GEOSTROPHIC WINDSPEED 987* 21.4.1 BUYS
BALLOT'S LAW 989* 21.4.2 EKMAN SPIRAL 990* 21.5* THE THERMAL WIND
RELATION 993* 21.6* STRATOSPHERIC DYNAMICS 996* 21.7 THE HYDROLOGIE
CYCLE 997* APPENDIX 21 OCEAN CIRCULATION 998* PROBLEMS 1000* REFERENCES
1002* 22 GLOBAL CYCLES: SULFUR AND CARBON* 1003* 22.1* THE ATMOSPHERIC
SULFUR CYCLE 1003* 22.2* THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE 1007* 22.2.1 CARBON
DIOXIDE 1007* 22.2.2 COMPARTMENTAL MODEL OF THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE
1009* 22.2.3 ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME OF CO2 1014* 22.3* ANALYTICAL SOLUTION
FOR A STEADY-STATE FOUR-COMPARTMENT* MODEL OF THE ATMOSPHERE 1018*
PROBLEMS 1023* REFERENCES 1024* 23 CLIMATE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
THE ATMOSPHERE* 1026* 23.1* THE GLOBAL TEMPERATURE RECORD 1028* 23.2*
SOLAR VARIABILITY 1032* 23.3* RADIATIVE FORCING 1035* 23.4* CLIMATE
SENSITIVITY 1039* 23.5* RELATIVE RADIATIVE FORCING INDICES 1042* 23.6*
UNREALIZED WARMING 1045* 23.7* ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND CLIMATE CHANGE
1045* 23.7.1 INDIRECT CHEMICAL IMPACTS 1046* 23.7.2 ATMOSPHERIC
LIFETIMES AND ADJUSTMENT TIMES 1048* 23.8 RADIATIVE EFFECTS OF CLOUDS
1049* PROBLEMS 1049* REFERENCES 1052* 24 AEROSOLS AND CLIMATE* 1054*
24.1* SCATTERING - ABSORBING MODEL OF AN AEROSOL LAYER 1057* 24.2*
COOLING VERSUS HEATING OF AN AEROSOL LAYER 1060* 24.3* SCATTERING MODEL
OF AN AEROSOL LAYER* FOR A NONABSORBING AEROSOL 1062* 24.4* UPSCATTER
FRACTION 1064* 24.5* OPTICAL DEPTH AND COLUMN FORCING 1067* 24.6*
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL MIXTURES 1071* 24.7* TOP-OF-THE-ATMOSPHERE VERSUS
SURFACE FORCING 1074* 24.8* LNDIRECT EFFECTS OF AEROSOLS ON CLIMATE
1078* 24.8.1 RADIATIVE MODEL FOR A CLOUDY ATMOSPHERE 1080* CONTENTS
XXVII 24.8.2* SENSITIVITY OF CLOUD ALBEDO TO CLOUD* DROPLET NUMBER
CONCENTRATION 1082* 24.8.3* RELATION OF CLOUD DROPLET NUMBER*
CONCENTRATION TO AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS 1084* PROBLEMS 1087* REFERENCES
1088* 25 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS* 1092* 25.1 INTRODUCTION
1092* 25.1.1* MODEL TYPES 1093* 25.1.2* TYPES OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL
TRANSPORT MODELS 1094* 25.2 BOX MODELS 1096* 25.2.1* THE EULERIAN BOX
MODEL 1096* 25.2.2* A LAGRANGIAN BOX MODEL 1099* 25.3 THREE-DIMENSIONAL
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS 1102* 25.3.1* COORDINATE
SYSTEM-UNEVEN TERRAIN 1102* 25.3.2* INITIAL CONDITIONS 1104* 25.3.3*
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 1105* 25.4 ONE-DIMENSIONAL LAGRANGIAN MODELS 1106*
25.5 OTHER FORMS OF CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS 1109* 25.5.1* ATMOSPHERIC
DIFFUSION EQUATION* EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF MIXING RATIO 1109* 25.5.2*
PRESSURE-BASED COORDINATE SYSTEM 1113* 25.5.3* SPHERICAL COORDINATES
1114* 25.6 NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS 1115* 25.6.1*
COUPLING PROBLEM-OPERATOR SPLITTING 1116* 25.6.2* CHEMICAL KINETICS
1121* 25.6.3* DIFFUSION 1126* 25.6.4* ADVECTION 1127* 25.7 MODEL
EVALUATION 1131* PROBLEMS 1133* REFERENCES 1135* 26 STATISTICAL MODELS*
1136* 26.1 RECEPTOR MODELING METHODS 1136* 26.1.1* CHEMICAL MASS BALANCE
(CMB) 1139* 26.1.2* FACTOR ANALYSIS 1146* 26.1.3* EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL
FUNCTION RECEPTOR MODELS 1150* 26.2 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR AIR
POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS 1153* 26.2.1* THE LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION 1154*
26.2.2* THE WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION 1154* 26.3 ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS IN
THE DISTRIBUTIONS 1156* 26.3.1* METHOD OF QUANTILES 1157 26.3.2* METHOD
OF MOMENTS 1157 XXVIII* CONTENTS 26.4* ORDER STATISTICS OF AIR QUALITY
DATA 1160* 26.4.1* BASIC NOTIONS AND TERRNINOLOGY* OF ORDER STATISTICS
1160* 26.4.2* EXTREME VALUES 1161* 26.5* EXCEEDANCES OF CRITICAL LEVELS
1162* 26.6* ALTERNATIVE FORRNS OF AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 1162* 26.7*
RELATING CURRENT AND FUTURE AIR POLLUTANT* STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS
1167* PROBLEMS 1169* REFERENCES I 172* APPENDIX A UNITS AND PHYSICAL
CONSTANTS* 1175* A.I* SI BASE UNITS 1175* A.2* SI DERIVED UNITS 1175*
A.3* FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS 1178* A.4* PROPERTIES OF THE
ATMOSPHERE AND WATER 1178* A.5* UNITS FOR REPRESENTING CHEMICAL
REACTIONS 1180* A.6* CONCENTRATIONS IN THE AQUEOUS PHASE 1180* A.7
SYMBOLS FOR CONCENTRATION 1181* REFERENCES 1181* APPENDIX BRATE
CONSTANTS OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS 1182* REFERENCES 1190*
INDEX* 1191* |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Seinfeld, John H. 1942- Pandis, Spyros N. 1963- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)135918995 (DE-588)13591907X |
| author_facet | Seinfeld, John H. 1942- Pandis, Spyros N. 1963- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Seinfeld, John H. 1942- |
| author_variant | j h s jh jhs s n p sn snp |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021558470 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QC879 |
| callnumber-raw | QC879.6 |
| callnumber-search | QC879.6 |
| callnumber-sort | QC 3879.6 |
| callnumber-subject | QC - Physics |
| classification_rvk | AR 23100 RB 10429 |
| classification_tum | GEO 600f UMW 200f UMW 235f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)62493628 (DE-599)BVBBV021558470 |
| dewey-full | 551.51/1 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 551 - Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| dewey-raw | 551.51/1 |
| dewey-search | 551.51/1 |
| dewey-sort | 3551.51 11 |
| dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
| discipline | Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Allgemeines Physik Umwelt Geographie |
| discipline_str_mv | Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Allgemeines Physik Umwelt Geographie |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV021558470 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:33:55Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:38:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0471720178 0471720186 9780471720171 9780471720188 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2005058370 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014774448 |
| oclc_num | 62493628 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-12 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-29 DE-83 DE-634 DE-11 DE-188 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-12 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-29 DE-83 DE-634 DE-11 DE-188 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | XXVIII, 1203 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | A Wiley-Interscience publication |
| spelling | Seinfeld, John H. 1942- Verfasser (DE-588)135918995 aut Atmospheric chemistry and physics from air pollution to climate change John H. Seinfeld ; Spyros N. Pandis 2. ed. Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2006 XXVIII, 1203 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier A Wiley-Interscience publication The authors provide a detailed account of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere for graduate students, professionals and libraries involved in environmental, civil and chemical engineering projects and studies. Umwelt Atmospheric chemistry Air Pollution Environmental aspects Environmental chemistry Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd rswk-swf Luftverschmutzung (DE-588)4074381-0 gnd rswk-swf Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd rswk-swf Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd rswk-swf Anthropogene Klimaänderung (DE-588)4290733-0 gnd rswk-swf Chemie (DE-588)4009816-3 gnd rswk-swf Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 s Luftverschmutzung (DE-588)4074381-0 s DE-604 Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 s Chemie (DE-588)4009816-3 s Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 s Anthropogene Klimaänderung (DE-588)4290733-0 s 1\p DE-604 Pandis, Spyros N. 1963- Verfasser (DE-588)13591907X aut OEBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014774448&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Seinfeld, John H. 1942- Pandis, Spyros N. 1963- Atmospheric chemistry and physics from air pollution to climate change Umwelt Atmospheric chemistry Air Pollution Environmental aspects Environmental chemistry Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd Luftverschmutzung (DE-588)4074381-0 gnd Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd Anthropogene Klimaänderung (DE-588)4290733-0 gnd Chemie (DE-588)4009816-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003397-1 (DE-588)4074381-0 (DE-588)4164199-1 (DE-588)4045956-1 (DE-588)4290733-0 (DE-588)4009816-3 |
| title | Atmospheric chemistry and physics from air pollution to climate change |
| title_auth | Atmospheric chemistry and physics from air pollution to climate change |
| title_exact_search | Atmospheric chemistry and physics from air pollution to climate change |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Atmospheric chemistry and physics from air pollution to climate change |
| title_full | Atmospheric chemistry and physics from air pollution to climate change John H. Seinfeld ; Spyros N. Pandis |
| title_fullStr | Atmospheric chemistry and physics from air pollution to climate change John H. Seinfeld ; Spyros N. Pandis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atmospheric chemistry and physics from air pollution to climate change John H. Seinfeld ; Spyros N. Pandis |
| title_short | Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
| title_sort | atmospheric chemistry and physics from air pollution to climate change |
| title_sub | from air pollution to climate change |
| topic | Umwelt Atmospheric chemistry Air Pollution Environmental aspects Environmental chemistry Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd Luftverschmutzung (DE-588)4074381-0 gnd Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd Anthropogene Klimaänderung (DE-588)4290733-0 gnd Chemie (DE-588)4009816-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Umwelt Atmospheric chemistry Air Pollution Environmental aspects Environmental chemistry Atmosphäre Luftverschmutzung Klimaänderung Physik Anthropogene Klimaänderung Chemie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014774448&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT seinfeldjohnh atmosphericchemistryandphysicsfromairpollutiontoclimatechange AT pandisspyrosn atmosphericchemistryandphysicsfromairpollutiontoclimatechange |