Digging numbers: elementary statistics for archaeologists
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford Univ. Committee for Archaeology
2005
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Oxford University School of Archaeology monograph
33 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Beschreibung: | 205 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0947816690 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Digging numbers |b elementary statistics for archaeologists |c Mike Fletcher ; Gary Lock |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Oxford Univ. Committee for Archaeology |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a 205 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Oxford University School of Archaeology monograph |v 33 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Archäologie | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135262823907328 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface
Section
1:
Techniques for describing and presenting archaeological data
1.
An introduction to data.
1
1.1
The example data set
1
1.2
Levels of measurement
1
1.3
Coding
5
1.4
Transforming variables
6
2.
A statistical approach
-
signposting the way
9
3.
Tabular and pictorial display
14
3.1
Basic aims and rules
14
3.2
Tabulating measurements
14
3.3
Tabulating frequencies
15
3.3.1
One variable
15
3.3.2
Two variables
17
3.4
Pictorial displays for nominal and ordinal data
19
3.4.1
The bar chart
19
3.4.2
The pie chart
21
3.5
Pictorial displays for continuous data
22
3.5.1
The histogram
22
3.5.2
The stem-and-leaf plot
-
an alternative histogram?
25
3.5.3
The ogive
-
the total so far
27
3.5.4
The scatterplot
-
displaying two variables
29
4.
Measures of position
-
the average
32
4.1
Introduction
32
4.2
The mode
32
4.3
The median
34
4.4
The mean
36
4.5
Comparing the mode, median and mean
37
5.
Measures of variability
-
the spread
41
5.1
Introduction
41
5.2
The range
41
5.3
The quartiles
42
5.4
The mean deviation
45
5.5
The standard deviation
47
5.6
The coefficient of variation
48
5.7
Standardisation
49
5.8
Boxplots
50
Section
2:
Techniques for drawing inferences from archaeological data
6.
An introduction to probability and inference
-
drawing conclusions
53
6.1
Introduction
53
6.2
Probability
-
measuring chance and risk
53
6.2.1
The concept of probability
53
6.2.2
The concept of independence
-
are two events related?
55
6.3
Probability distributions
-
predicting results
59
6.4
The logic of hypothesis testing
-
is it significant?
63
7.
Sampling theory and sampling design
66
7.1
Introduction
66
7.2
Sampling strategies
-
which measurements to take
67
7.3
A statistical background to sampling
70
7.3.1
The central-limit theorem
-
the law of averages
70
7.3.2
Confidence limits
-
the reliability of results
74
7.4
Conclusions
78
8.
Tests of difference
80
8.1
Introduction
80
8.2
One sample tests
-
comparing an observed measurement with an
expected measurement
81
8.2.1
Test for sample mean
81
8.2.2
Test for median
87
8.2.3
Test for proportions
89
8.3
Two sample tests
-
comparing two observed measurements
90
8.3.1
Test for variation
90
8.3.2
Difference in means for paired data
-
assuming a normal distribution
92
8.3.3
Difference in means for paired data
-
no assumption of normality
94
8.3.4
Difference in means for two independent samples
-
assuming a normal distribution
95
8.3.5
Difference in means for two independent samples
-
no assumption of normality
97
8.3.6
Difference of two proportions
98
9.
Tests of distribution
101
9.1
Introduction
101
9.2
Tests for randomness
101
9.3
Tests for normality
105
9.4
Tests between two distributions
111
10.
Measures of association for continuous or ordinal data
-
are two variables related?
115
10.1
Introduction
115
10.2
Product-moment correlation coefficient
118
10.2.1
Testing the significance of
the product-moment correlation coefficient
121
10.3
Spearman s rank correlation coefficient
123
10.3.1
Testing the significance of
Spearman s rank correlation coefficient
126
10.4
Predicting using regression
127
11.
Measures of association for categorical data
-
are two characteristics related?
128
11.1
Introduction
128
11.2
The Chi-squared test
129
11.3
Guttman s lambda
134
11.4
Kendall s
tau 135
12.
An introduction to multivariate analysis
139
12.1
Reduction and grouping
140
12.1.1
Cluster Analysis
140
12.1.2
Correspondence Analysis
145
12.2
Prediction
149
12.2.1
Multiple Regression
149
12.2.2
Discriminant Analysis
151
Section
3:
Books and software
13.
A few recommended books
154
14.
SPSS for Windows
158
Appendix. Statistical tables
195
Table A. Random digits from a uniform distribution
195
Table B. Percentage points of the t-distribution
196
Table
С
5%
points of the
F
distribution
197
Table D. Kolmogorov-Smirnov single sample test
-
(uniform and other completely specified distributions)
198
Table E. Kolmogorov-Smirnov single sample test
-
(normal distribution)
198
Table F. Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test
199
Table G. Critical values for correlation coefficient (pmcc)
200
Table H. Critical values for Spearman s rank correlation coefficient
201
Table I. Percentage points of the
χ1
distribution
202
Index
203
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
Preface
Section
1:
Techniques for describing and presenting archaeological data
1.
An introduction to data.
1
1.1
The example data set
1
1.2
Levels of measurement
1
1.3
Coding
5
1.4
Transforming variables
6
2.
A statistical approach
-
signposting the way
9
3.
Tabular and pictorial display
14
3.1
Basic aims and rules
14
3.2
Tabulating measurements
14
3.3
Tabulating frequencies
15
3.3.1
One variable
15
3.3.2
Two variables
17
3.4
Pictorial displays for nominal and ordinal data
19
3.4.1
The bar chart
19
3.4.2
The pie chart
21
3.5
Pictorial displays for continuous data
22
3.5.1
The histogram
22
3.5.2
The stem-and-leaf plot
-
an alternative histogram?
25
3.5.3
The ogive
-
the total so far
27
3.5.4
The scatterplot
-
displaying two variables
29
4.
Measures of position
-
the average
32
4.1
Introduction
32
4.2
The mode
32
4.3
The median
34
4.4
The mean
36
4.5
Comparing the mode, median and mean
37
5.
Measures of variability
-
the spread
41
5.1
Introduction
41
5.2
The range
41
5.3
The quartiles
42
5.4
The mean deviation
45
5.5
The standard deviation
47
5.6
The coefficient of variation
48
5.7
Standardisation
49
5.8
Boxplots
50
Section
2:
Techniques for drawing inferences from archaeological data
6.
An introduction to probability and inference
-
drawing conclusions
53
6.1
Introduction
53
6.2
Probability
-
measuring chance and risk
53
6.2.1
The concept of probability
53
6.2.2
The concept of independence
-
are two events related?
55
6.3
Probability distributions
-
predicting results
59
6.4
The logic of hypothesis testing
-
is it significant?
63
7.
Sampling theory and sampling design
66
7.1
Introduction
66
7.2
Sampling strategies
-
which measurements to take
67
7.3
A statistical background to sampling
70
7.3.1
The central-limit theorem
-
the law of averages
70
7.3.2
Confidence limits
-
the reliability of results
74
7.4
Conclusions
78
8.
Tests of difference
80
8.1
Introduction
80
8.2
One sample tests
-
comparing an observed measurement with an
expected measurement
81
8.2.1
Test for sample mean
81
8.2.2
Test for median
87
8.2.3
Test for proportions
89
8.3
Two sample tests
-
comparing two observed measurements
90
8.3.1
Test for variation
90
8.3.2
Difference in means for paired data
-
assuming a normal distribution
92
8.3.3
Difference in means for paired data
-
no assumption of normality
94
8.3.4
Difference in means for two independent samples
-
assuming a normal distribution
95
8.3.5
Difference in means for two independent samples
-
no assumption of normality
97
8.3.6
Difference of two proportions
98
9.
Tests of distribution
101
9.1
Introduction
101
9.2
Tests for randomness
101
9.3
Tests for normality
105
9.4
Tests between two distributions
111
10.
Measures of association for continuous or ordinal data
-
are two variables related?
115
10.1
Introduction
115
10.2
Product-moment correlation coefficient
118
10.2.1
Testing the significance of
the product-moment correlation coefficient
121
10.3
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
123
10.3.1
Testing the significance of
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
126
10.4
Predicting using regression
127
11.
Measures of association for categorical data
-
are two characteristics related?
128
11.1
Introduction
128
11.2
The Chi-squared test
129
11.3
Guttman's lambda
134
11.4
Kendall's
tau 135
12.
An introduction to multivariate analysis
139
12.1
Reduction and grouping
140
12.1.1
Cluster Analysis
140
12.1.2
Correspondence Analysis
145
12.2
Prediction
149
12.2.1
Multiple Regression
149
12.2.2
Discriminant Analysis
151
Section
3:
Books and software
13.
A few recommended books
154
14.
SPSS for Windows
158
Appendix. Statistical tables
195
Table A. Random digits from a uniform distribution
195
Table B. Percentage points of the t-distribution
196
Table
С
5%
points of the
F
distribution
197
Table D. Kolmogorov-Smirnov single sample test
-
(uniform and other completely specified distributions)
198
Table E. Kolmogorov-Smirnov single sample test
-
(normal distribution)
198
Table F. Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test
199
Table G. Critical values for correlation coefficient (pmcc)
200
Table H. Critical values for Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
201
Table I. Percentage points of the
χ1
distribution
202
Index
203 |
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| author | Fletcher, Mike 1943- Lock, Gary R. 1948- |
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| dewey-ones | 930 - History of ancient world to ca. 499 |
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| dewey-sort | 3930.1072 |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:22:38Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:37:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0947816690 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Fletcher, Mike 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)14212821X aut Digging numbers elementary statistics for archaeologists Mike Fletcher ; Gary Lock 2. ed. Oxford Oxford Univ. Committee for Archaeology 2005 205 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford University School of Archaeology monograph 33 Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Archäologie Archaeology Statistical methods Lock, Gary R. 1948- Verfasser (DE-588)142128309 aut Oxford University School of Archaeology monograph 33 (DE-604)BV013464436 33 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014737881&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fletcher, Mike 1943- Lock, Gary R. 1948- Digging numbers elementary statistics for archaeologists Oxford University School of Archaeology monograph Archäologie Archaeology Statistical methods |
| title | Digging numbers elementary statistics for archaeologists |
| title_auth | Digging numbers elementary statistics for archaeologists |
| title_exact_search | Digging numbers elementary statistics for archaeologists |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Digging numbers elementary statistics for archaeologists |
| title_full | Digging numbers elementary statistics for archaeologists Mike Fletcher ; Gary Lock |
| title_fullStr | Digging numbers elementary statistics for archaeologists Mike Fletcher ; Gary Lock |
| title_full_unstemmed | Digging numbers elementary statistics for archaeologists Mike Fletcher ; Gary Lock |
| title_short | Digging numbers |
| title_sort | digging numbers elementary statistics for archaeologists |
| title_sub | elementary statistics for archaeologists |
| topic | Archäologie Archaeology Statistical methods |
| topic_facet | Archäologie Archaeology Statistical methods |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014737881&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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