Non-governmental organizations in Ethiopia: examining relations between local and international groups
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lewiston u.a.
Mellen
2005
|
| Schriftenreihe: | African studies
75 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | VII, 311 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0773460888 |
Internformat
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| 490 | 1 | |a African studies |v 75 | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Non-governmental organizations - Ethiopia | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaft | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Non-governmental organizations |z Ethiopia | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Nichtstaatliche Organisation |0 (DE-588)4131014-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Ethiopia - Economic conditions - 1974- | |
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgments i
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY: Problem statement and
research method
1.1. Introduction 1
• 1.2. Problem statement and research question 5
1.2.1. Partnership 6
1.2.2. Development agenda and project/programme selection 7
1.2.3. Funding procedures 9
1.2.4. Intercultural communication 10
1.2.5. Sustainability 11
1.3. Research method 11
1.3.1. The Data 11
1.3.2. Sample selection 12
1.3.2.1. Qualitative interview 15
1.3.2.2. Questionnaire 18
1.3.3. Procedures of data analysis 19
1.3.4. Limitations of the study 21
1.3.5. Book organization 21
CHAPTER 2: THE DEVELOPMENT DISCOURSE, CIVIL SOCIETY,
AND NGOS
2.1. A brief overview of the development discourse 23
2.2. Distinguishing between Civil Society and NGOs 27
2.2.1. Defining Civil Society 27
2.2.2. Defining NGOs 30
2.2.2.1. NGOs as a subspecies of non profit organizations
(NPOs) 33
2.2.2.2. Classifications of NGOs 36
2.2.3. Northern and Southern NGOs 38
2.2.3.1. The rise of and growth of NNGOs 39
2.2.3.2. The emergence and growth of modem LNGOs in
the developing countries 40
2.2.4. Why NGOs? 43
2.2.4.1. LNGOs as nodes of civil society 43
2.2.4.2. NGOs building civil society 44
2.2.4.3. NGOs promoting CBOs and social movements 45
2.2.4.4. NGOs creating social capital 46
2.2.5. NGOs, other stakeholders and the development field 47
2.2.6. Concluding remarks 50
CHAPTER 3: COUNTRY PROFILE: Institutional, political, social, and
economic background of the study area
3.1. Introduction 51
3.2. Physical environment, historical, and political settings 51
3.3. Religion 53
3.4. Demographic characteristics 54
3.5. Poverty profile 55
3.6. Agriculture 56
3.7. Food security 59
3.8. Health 60
3.9. Education 62
3.10. Review of different development policies (past and present) 63
3.10.1. Agricultural development policy: imperial government 63
3.10.2. Socialism: The Dergue government (1974 1991) 65
3.10.3. Post socialism development efforts/policies 66
3.10.3.1. Agricultural Development led Industrialization (ADLI)66
3.10.3.2. Rural development strategy 67
3.10.3 3. The National Food Security Strategy 68
3.10.3.4. Environment 68
3.10.3.5. Disaster Prevention and Management Policy 68
3.10.3.6. Education policy 69
3.10.3.7. Health policy 70
3.10.3.8. HIV/AIDS prevention and control policy 70
3.10.3.9. Gender issues 71
3.10.3.10. Capacity building 72
3.10.3.11. Decentralization and governance 72
3.10 3.12. Economic performance under the current government.73
3.11. Concluding remarks 74
CHAPTER 4: THE EMERGENCE OF ETHIOPIAN NGOS AND THEIR
POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
4.1. Introduction 77
4.2. Historical roots of CBOs and associational culture in Ethiopia 78
4.2.1. Religious associations 78
4.2.2. Traditional forms of secular association 79
4.3. The rise of modern CBOs 84
4.4. The history of NGOs in Ethiopia 85
4.4.1. Missionary and church related welfare activities 85
4.4 2. The Ethiopian Red Cross Society 87
4.4.3. Philanthropic organizations 87
4.4.4. The emergence of secular developmental NGOs 89
4.4.4.1. Drought, famine, civil war and the coming of the INGOs90
4.4.4.2. From relief to development 91
4.4.4.3. Size and functions of NGOs in Ethiopia 93
4.4.4.4. Registration, legal and regulatory issues 99
4.4.4.5. Ethiopian NGOs: Vision, Mission 101
4.4.4.6. Poverty and the situation of the poor in the eyes of local
NGOs Ill
4.4.5. The process of LNGO formation 116
4.4.5.1. Good Samaritans? LNGOs evolving from personal,
religious and moral inspiration of founder/s 117
4.4.5.2. Humanitarian crisis leading to the formation of
LNGOs 122
4.4.5.3. Formation through adaptation: founder/s exposure to
humanitarian/development work and organizations 126
4.4.5.4. "NGO cloning"? NGOs initiated by international
NGOs 128
4.4.5.5. LNGOs formed out of church and mission related
welfare work 133
4.4.5.6. Government or party "favoured" LNGOs 133
4.4.6. Government NGO relations in Ethiopia 136
4.4.6.1. Pre 1974/75 137
4.4.6.2. 1973/74 1984/85 138
4.4.6.3. 1984/85 1991 139
4.4.6.4 Post 1991 Issues on NGO Government Relations 140
4.4.6.5. Government view 158
4.4.7. Concluding remarks 159
CHAPTER 5: RELATIONS BETWEEN ETHIOPIAN AND NORTHERN
NGOS
5.1. Introduction 163
5.2. Partnership in theory and practice 165
5.2 1 Partnership in the eyes of LNGOs 165
5.2.2. 'Partnership' in the eyes of NNGOs 170
5.2.3. Evaluating the practice of 'partnership' 176
5.3. Types of relationships between northern and local NGOs 180
5.3.1. Ecumenical relationships: supporting brothers and sisters 180
5 3.2. Relationships between NNGO and its local "outreaches" 185
5 3 3. Relationship between selected "too large to be ignored LNGOs"
and NNGOs 189
5.3 4. Relationships based on international solidarity 197
5.3.5 "Orphans in the wind" 202
5.3.6. Pragmatic relationships, on the basis of "being open to all
proposals but maximizing your advantage" 204
5 4 Determinants of relations between LNGOs NNGOs 219
5.5. Conflicts and misgivings 227
5.6. Concluding remarks 244
CHAPTER 6: SUSTAINABILITY
6.1. Sustainability in general 247
6.2. Sustainability of projects 248
6.3. Capacity development 251
6.4. Sustainability of NGOs as an aim 253
6.5. What Ethiopian NGOs say about sustainability? 256
6.6. What options are available to LNGOs to attain sustainability? 261
6.6.1. Membership fees 262
6.6.2. Grants, donations and annual fund raising events 266
6.6.3. Social entrepreneurship 267
6.6.4. Direct ODA funding 269
6.7. The impact of erratic funding on beneficiaries 270
6.8. Sustainability from the perspective of Northern NGOs 273
6.9. Concluding remarks 275
CHAPTER 7: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 279
7.1. The emergence of NGOs in Ethiopia and relations to government 280
7.2. Relations between Ethiopian and Northern NGOs 282
7.2.1. Who defines the development agenda? 284
7.2.2. Funding and related procedures 284
7.2.3. Conflicts and misgivings 285
7.2.4. Intercultural communication 286
7.3. Sustainability 286
APPENDIX 1: Summary of NGO Programs and Activities in Ethiopia 289
APPENDIX 2: Persons contacted, interviewed 293
BIBILIOGRAPHY 297
INDEX 309
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 2.1. The International Classification of Nonprofit Organizations 35
Table 4.1. Response to the question "How did this particular LNGO
originated?" 117
Table 5.1. Overview of relationship typologies between LNGOs and
NNGOs 216
Table 5.2. Attitude towards reporting by LNGOs 229
Table 5.3. NNGO staff is highly paid compared to local NGOs 232
Table 5.4. LNGOs' view of knowledge of local circumstances by NNGOs 233
Table 5.5. LNGOs view of encountering tactless donors that showed little
respect to them 236
Table 5.6. "NNGOs have hidden agenda" 243
Table 6.1 Types of support rendered by a particular NNGO as reported
by LNGOs 253
Table 6.2 Dreaming alone with the donor: asking for self sufficiency from
LNGOs 257
Table 6.3 Why LNGOs want to become independent from their most
important partner 258
Table 6.4. What LNGOs have done so far in order become financially
Independent 259
Table 6.5. Financial self assessment of LNGOs 260
Table 6.6. "Beneficiaries should become self sufficient" 270
Table 6 7. NGOs should establish long term relations to certain group
of beneficiaries 271
Table 6.8. NGOs should not work in any specific area for long 271
Table 6.9 NGOs should stay in places where they have the trust of the
people and continue working on new issues 271
Table 6.10. LNGOs with opposing views on the statement "NGOs should
stay in places where they have the trust of the people" according
to their financial security self assessment 272
LIST OF BOXES AND FIGURES
List of boxes Page
Box 4.1. Vision statements from selected LNGOs (Ethiopia) 103
Box 4.2. Mission statements from selected LNGOs (Ethiopia) 105
Box 6 1. Sustainability of NNGO project 250
List of figures
Figure 4 1 Trends in NGOs Growth. Ethiopia, 2000. 95
Figure 4.2. Regional Distribution of NGOs in Ethiopia, November 2000 97 |
| adam_txt |
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments i
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY: Problem statement and
research method
1.1. Introduction 1
• 1.2. Problem statement and research question 5
1.2.1. Partnership 6
1.2.2. Development agenda and project/programme selection 7
1.2.3. Funding procedures 9
1.2.4. Intercultural communication 10
1.2.5. Sustainability 11
1.3. Research method 11
1.3.1. The Data 11
1.3.2. Sample selection 12
1.3.2.1. Qualitative interview 15
1.3.2.2. Questionnaire 18
1.3.3. Procedures of data analysis 19
1.3.4. Limitations of the study 21
1.3.5. Book organization 21
CHAPTER 2: THE DEVELOPMENT DISCOURSE, CIVIL SOCIETY,
AND NGOS
2.1. A brief overview of the development discourse 23
2.2. Distinguishing between Civil Society and NGOs 27
2.2.1. Defining Civil Society 27
2.2.2. Defining NGOs 30
2.2.2.1. NGOs as a subspecies of non profit organizations
(NPOs) 33
2.2.2.2. Classifications of NGOs 36
2.2.3. Northern and Southern NGOs 38
2.2.3.1. The rise of and growth of NNGOs 39
2.2.3.2. The emergence and growth of modem LNGOs in
the developing countries 40
2.2.4. Why NGOs? 43
2.2.4.1. LNGOs as nodes of civil society 43
2.2.4.2. NGOs building civil society 44
2.2.4.3. NGOs promoting CBOs and social movements 45
2.2.4.4. NGOs creating social capital 46
2.2.5. NGOs, other stakeholders and the development field 47
2.2.6. Concluding remarks 50
CHAPTER 3: COUNTRY PROFILE: Institutional, political, social, and
economic background of the study area
3.1. Introduction 51
3.2. Physical environment, historical, and political settings 51
3.3. Religion 53
3.4. Demographic characteristics 54
3.5. Poverty profile 55
3.6. Agriculture 56
3.7. Food security 59
3.8. Health 60
3.9. Education 62
3.10. Review of different development policies (past and present) 63
3.10.1. Agricultural development policy: imperial government 63
3.10.2. Socialism: The Dergue government (1974 1991) 65
3.10.3. Post socialism development efforts/policies 66
3.10.3.1. Agricultural Development led Industrialization (ADLI)66
3.10.3.2. Rural development strategy 67
3.10.3 3. The National Food Security Strategy 68
3.10.3.4. Environment 68
3.10.3.5. Disaster Prevention and Management Policy 68
3.10.3.6. Education policy 69
3.10.3.7. Health policy 70
3.10.3.8. HIV/AIDS prevention and control policy 70
3.10.3.9. Gender issues 71
3.10.3.10. Capacity building 72
3.10.3.11. Decentralization and governance 72
3.10 3.12. Economic performance under the current government.73
3.11. Concluding remarks 74
CHAPTER 4: THE EMERGENCE OF ETHIOPIAN NGOS AND THEIR
POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
4.1. Introduction 77
4.2. Historical roots of CBOs and associational culture in Ethiopia 78
4.2.1. Religious associations 78
4.2.2. Traditional forms of secular association 79
4.3. The rise of modern CBOs 84
4.4. The history of NGOs in Ethiopia 85
4.4.1. Missionary and church related welfare activities 85
4.4 2. The Ethiopian Red Cross Society 87
4.4.3. Philanthropic organizations 87
4.4.4. The emergence of secular developmental NGOs 89
4.4.4.1. Drought, famine, civil war and the coming of the INGOs90
4.4.4.2. From relief to development 91
4.4.4.3. Size and functions of NGOs in Ethiopia 93
4.4.4.4. Registration, legal and regulatory issues 99
4.4.4.5. Ethiopian NGOs: Vision, Mission 101
4.4.4.6. Poverty and the situation of the poor in the eyes of local
NGOs Ill
4.4.5. The process of LNGO formation 116
4.4.5.1. Good Samaritans? LNGOs evolving from personal,
religious and moral inspiration of founder/s 117
4.4.5.2. Humanitarian crisis leading to the formation of
LNGOs 122
4.4.5.3. Formation through adaptation: founder/s exposure to
humanitarian/development work and organizations 126
4.4.5.4. "NGO cloning"? NGOs initiated by international
NGOs 128
4.4.5.5. LNGOs formed out of church and mission related
welfare work 133
4.4.5.6. Government or party "favoured" LNGOs 133
4.4.6. Government NGO relations in Ethiopia 136
4.4.6.1. Pre 1974/75 137
4.4.6.2. 1973/74 1984/85 138
4.4.6.3. 1984/85 1991 139
4.4.6.4 Post 1991 Issues on NGO Government Relations 140
4.4.6.5. Government view 158
4.4.7. Concluding remarks 159
CHAPTER 5: RELATIONS BETWEEN ETHIOPIAN AND NORTHERN
NGOS
5.1. Introduction 163
5.2. Partnership in theory and practice 165
5.2 1 Partnership in the eyes of LNGOs 165
5.2.2. 'Partnership' in the eyes of NNGOs 170
5.2.3. Evaluating the practice of 'partnership' 176
5.3. Types of relationships between northern and local NGOs 180
5.3.1. Ecumenical relationships: supporting brothers and sisters 180
5 3.2. Relationships between NNGO and its local "outreaches" 185
5 3 3. Relationship between selected "too large to be ignored LNGOs"
and NNGOs 189
5.3 4. Relationships based on international solidarity 197
5.3.5 "Orphans in the wind" 202
5.3.6. Pragmatic relationships, on the basis of "being open to all
proposals but maximizing your advantage" 204
5 4 Determinants of relations between LNGOs NNGOs 219
5.5. Conflicts and misgivings 227
5.6. Concluding remarks 244
CHAPTER 6: SUSTAINABILITY
6.1. Sustainability in general 247
6.2. Sustainability of projects 248
6.3. Capacity development 251
6.4. Sustainability of NGOs as an aim 253
6.5. What Ethiopian NGOs say about sustainability? 256
6.6. What options are available to LNGOs to attain sustainability? 261
6.6.1. Membership fees 262
6.6.2. Grants, donations and annual fund raising events 266
6.6.3. Social entrepreneurship 267
6.6.4. Direct ODA funding 269
6.7. The impact of erratic funding on beneficiaries 270
6.8. Sustainability from the perspective of Northern NGOs 273
6.9. Concluding remarks 275
CHAPTER 7: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 279
7.1. The emergence of NGOs in Ethiopia and relations to government 280
7.2. Relations between Ethiopian and Northern NGOs 282
7.2.1. Who defines the development agenda? 284
7.2.2. Funding and related procedures 284
7.2.3. Conflicts and misgivings 285
7.2.4. Intercultural communication 286
7.3. Sustainability 286
APPENDIX 1: Summary of NGO Programs and Activities in Ethiopia 289
APPENDIX 2: Persons contacted, interviewed 293
BIBILIOGRAPHY 297
INDEX 309
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 2.1. The International Classification of Nonprofit Organizations 35
Table 4.1. Response to the question "How did this particular LNGO
originated?" 117
Table 5.1. Overview of relationship typologies between LNGOs and
NNGOs 216
Table 5.2. Attitude towards reporting by LNGOs 229
Table 5.3. NNGO staff is highly paid compared to local NGOs 232
Table 5.4. LNGOs' view of knowledge of local circumstances by NNGOs 233
Table 5.5. LNGOs view of encountering tactless donors that showed little
respect to them 236
Table 5.6. "NNGOs have hidden agenda" 243
Table 6.1 Types of support rendered by a particular NNGO as reported
by LNGOs 253
Table 6.2 Dreaming alone with the donor: asking for self sufficiency from
LNGOs 257
Table 6.3 Why LNGOs want to become independent from their most
important partner 258
Table 6.4. What LNGOs have done so far in order become financially
Independent 259
Table 6.5. Financial self assessment of LNGOs 260
Table 6.6. "Beneficiaries should become self sufficient" 270
Table 6 7. NGOs should establish long term relations to certain group
of beneficiaries 271
Table 6.8. NGOs should not work in any specific area for long 271
Table 6.9 NGOs should stay in places where they have the trust of the
people and continue working on new issues 271
Table 6.10. LNGOs with opposing views on the statement "NGOs should
stay in places where they have the trust of the people" according
to their financial security self assessment 272
LIST OF BOXES AND FIGURES
List of boxes Page
Box 4.1. Vision statements from selected LNGOs (Ethiopia) 103
Box 4.2. Mission statements from selected LNGOs (Ethiopia) 105
Box 6 1. Sustainability of NNGO project 250
List of figures
Figure 4 1 Trends in NGOs Growth. Ethiopia, 2000. 95
Figure 4.2. Regional Distribution of NGOs in Ethiopia, November 2000 97 |
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| geographic | Ethiopia - Economic conditions - 1974- Ethiopia Economic conditions 1974- Äthiopien (DE-588)4000639-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ethiopia - Economic conditions - 1974- Ethiopia Economic conditions 1974- Äthiopien |
| id | DE-604.BV021516882 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:21:10Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T00:41:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0773460888 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2005049572 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014733427 |
| oclc_num | 644342872 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-703 DE-384 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-703 DE-384 |
| physical | VII, 311 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Mellen |
| record_format | marc |
| series | African studies |
| series2 | African studies |
| spelling | Telake, Daniel Sahleyesus Verfasser aut Non-governmental organizations in Ethiopia examining relations between local and international groups Daniel Sahleyesus Talake Lewiston u.a. Mellen 2005 VII, 311 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier African studies 75 Includes bibliographical references and index Non-governmental organizations - Ethiopia Wirtschaft Non-governmental organizations Ethiopia Nichtstaatliche Organisation (DE-588)4131014-7 gnd rswk-swf Ethiopia - Economic conditions - 1974- Ethiopia Economic conditions 1974- Äthiopien (DE-588)4000639-6 gnd rswk-swf Äthiopien (DE-588)4000639-6 g Nichtstaatliche Organisation (DE-588)4131014-7 s DE-604 African studies 75 (DE-604)BV000018131 75 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014733427&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Telake, Daniel Sahleyesus Non-governmental organizations in Ethiopia examining relations between local and international groups African studies Non-governmental organizations - Ethiopia Wirtschaft Non-governmental organizations Ethiopia Nichtstaatliche Organisation (DE-588)4131014-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4131014-7 (DE-588)4000639-6 |
| title | Non-governmental organizations in Ethiopia examining relations between local and international groups |
| title_auth | Non-governmental organizations in Ethiopia examining relations between local and international groups |
| title_exact_search | Non-governmental organizations in Ethiopia examining relations between local and international groups |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Non-governmental organizations in Ethiopia examining relations between local and international groups |
| title_full | Non-governmental organizations in Ethiopia examining relations between local and international groups Daniel Sahleyesus Talake |
| title_fullStr | Non-governmental organizations in Ethiopia examining relations between local and international groups Daniel Sahleyesus Talake |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-governmental organizations in Ethiopia examining relations between local and international groups Daniel Sahleyesus Talake |
| title_short | Non-governmental organizations in Ethiopia |
| title_sort | non governmental organizations in ethiopia examining relations between local and international groups |
| title_sub | examining relations between local and international groups |
| topic | Non-governmental organizations - Ethiopia Wirtschaft Non-governmental organizations Ethiopia Nichtstaatliche Organisation (DE-588)4131014-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Non-governmental organizations - Ethiopia Wirtschaft Non-governmental organizations Ethiopia Nichtstaatliche Organisation Ethiopia - Economic conditions - 1974- Ethiopia Economic conditions 1974- Äthiopien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014733427&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000018131 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT telakedanielsahleyesus nongovernmentalorganizationsinethiopiaexaminingrelationsbetweenlocalandinternationalgroups |